MNG FTTx (B SUNG) 2 VIN THNG TP.HCM NI DUNG: Tng quan v FTTx K thut trin khai mng Cc dch v trn mng FTTx Xu hng pht trin MNG FTTx 3 VIN THNG TP.HCM TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 4 VIN THNG TP.HCM 1. Khi nim c bn FTTx: C th nh ngha FTTx (Fiber To The x) l mt thut ng c s dng cp n mt kin trc mng cp quang c ng dng kt ni truyn thng v vin thng; thay th tt c hay mt phn cp kim loi thng thng dng chng cui ca mng vin thng. Thut ng chung ny bt ngun t vi m hnh mng trin khai cp si quang FTTN, FTTC, FTTB, FTTH, FTTP, tt c bt u bng FTT nhng kt thc bi cc k t khc nhau, c thay th bng x mang tnh cht tng qut ha. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 5 VIN THNG TP.HCM 2. Loi hnh FTTx: FTTX c phn thnh cc loi hnh sau: 2.1. Cu hnh dng im - im (Point to Point): CO Hnh 1: loi hnh dng im - im TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 6 VIN THNG TP.HCM T trung tm chuyn mch CO (Center Office) thit lp mt ng truyn dn bng cp quang ti tn nh khch hng. Phng n ny phn ra lm 02 loi: - Loi 1: Kt ni vo h thng IP-DSLAM bng vic lp thm 1 card m rng h thng IP-DSLAM. - Loi 2: Lp thm Ethernet Switches layer 2 ti nh cung cp chuyn i thnh tn hiu quang cp cho khch hng. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 7 VIN THNG TP.HCM u im cu hnh im - im: Cu hnh n gin. D lp t. Thit b c gi thnh r, c th tn dng vt t - thit b hin c. Khng cn o to chuyn su. c bit c u th trong giai on u pht trin mng FTTx. Khuyt im: Chi ph d n cao v cu hnh 1 cp si cho 1 khch hng. Khi s lng thu bao tng ln, kin trc ny khng cn ph hp na bi vic qun l ng truyn vt l cp quang s rt phc tp v tn km. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 8 VIN THNG TP.HCM 2.2. Cu hnh dng im - a im(Point to Multipoints): 2 dng: Mng hnh sao tch cc: Mng hnh sao th ng: Hnh 2: Cu hnh dng im - a im (hnh sao tch cc) CO Hnh 3: loi hnh dng im - a im (hnh sao th ng) CO TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 9 VIN THNG TP.HCM Ti CO lp t mt thit b lm vic theo chun PON, cn gi l thit b u cui knh quang OLT (Optical Line Terminal). T OLT tn hiu quang s c chia ra thng qua cc b chia quang (Spliter) truyn n pha thit b khch hng. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 10 VIN THNG TP.HCM u im cu hnh im - a im: Tiu chun ha. Nng lc s dng cao. Kin trc n gin. D qun l. Thun li pht trin s lng nhiu thu bao cho mt khu vc. Kin trc ny rt ph hp c s dng trong giai on pht trin ca h thng FTTH. Khuyt im: Gi thnh thit b u cui, vt t cao. Chi ph u t, vn hnh v bo dng mng cao. T chc o to chuyn su cho cc n v thc hin. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 11 VIN THNG TP.HCM Hnh 4: Cc loi hnh mng FTTx TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 12 VIN THNG TP.HCM 3. Cu trc mng FTTx: FTTC (Fiber To The Curb): tng t nh mng HFC (Hybrid fibre- coaxial). T CO cp si quang c dn ti t phn phi t trn va h (curb)/ l ng (FTTK-Kerb), ngoi ra cn c gi l FTTP- cp quang n ct treo cp (Pole), t t n u cui thit b trong phm vi 300m c th s dng mng cp ng hin hu. FTTN (Fiber To The Node): cp si quang c dn ti im nt (Node)/ khu ln cn (Neighborhood), ngoi ra cn c gi FTTCab- cp quang n t cp (Cabinet). Tng t nh FTTC, nhng khong cch t Node ti khu vc khch hng th xa hn. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 13 VIN THNG TP.HCM FTTB/FTTO (Fiber To The Building/Office): c cu trc tng t nhau v gn ging vi FTTC. im khc bit gia chng l FTTB v FTTO c thit b u cui quang t rt gn vi thu bao (khong vi chc mt), ngha l cp si quang c dn ti phng my trung tm ca ta nh cao tng, t thng qua phng tin chuyn i (quang-in) u ni ti tng ngi s dng ring bit. FTTH (Fiber To The Home): l mt dng hon ton khc, cp si quang c ko ti tn thit b u cui ca thu bao. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 14 VIN THNG TP.HCM Cp quang Cp kim loi Hnh 5a: Cc m hnh mng FTTx TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 15 VIN THNG TP.HCM Hnh 5b: Cc gii php trin khai mng FTTx TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 16 VIN THNG TP.HCM Hnh 5c: M hnh ng dng trin khai trn mng PON-FTTx ti VTTP TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 17 VIN THNG TP.HCM 3.1. FTTH i vi dch v Internet FTTH l dch v truy nhp Internet siu tc thng qua mng truy nhp quang FTTx. y l cng ngh kt ni bng rng hin i vi ng truyn dn bng cp quang, tn hiu c truyn di dng nh sng i qua si quang, kt ni dch v t nh cung cp n tn nh khch hng. Nhng tin b nhanh chng trong lnh vc k thut thu pht trn ng truyn dn cp si quang m ra mt tim nng ln trong vic pht trin h tng FTTH. FTTH c xem nh mt gii php hon ho thay th mng cp ng hin ti nhm cung cp cc dch v triple play tc cao, bao gm: thoi, hnh nh, truy cp d liu v cc ng dng khc i hi bng thng ln. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 18 VIN THNG TP.HCM Hnh 6a: Mt s ng dng trin khai trn FTTH TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 19 VIN THNG TP.HCM M hnh kt ni FTTH: ng dng cho trin khai u cui ONT. - Cp quang ko n nh khch hng v trin khai lp t ONT. - Cc ONT hin hu h tr ti a 04 cng FE/GE in v/hoc 02 giao tip POTS m bo trin khai cung cp dch v triple-play. - Mng cp nh khch hng bao gm cp ng v cp mng CAT5 sn c hay ko mi. - Dch v Internet: PC khch hng kt ni trc tip (hay qua mng nh khch hng) n cng FE/GE in ca ONT, d kin trin khai phng php xc thc PPPoE da Circuit-ID (08 thng s) v p dng cc gi cc FiberVNN ang s dng cho thu bao FTTH. - Dch v IPTV: trin khai STB kt ni n cng FE/GE in ca ONT, d kin trin khai dch v IPTV ca VASC v Digicom. - Dch v VoIP: my in thoi POTS kt ni n ONT qua i dy cp ng. Cng ngh VoIP da SIP/H.248, d kin dng dch v VoIP cung cp t IMS ca Tp on s trin khai sp ti. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 20 VIN THNG TP.HCM Hnh 6b: M hnh FTTH ng dng cho trin khai u cui ONT (ti VTTP) Huawei: HG850a: 4x10/100 Bate T + 2 POTS (RG) HG8240: 4x10/100/1000 Bate T + 2 POTS (RG+Static IP) Alcatel-Lucent: I-240W-P: 4x10/100/1000 Bate T + 2 POTS + 802.11b/g/n TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 21 VIN THNG TP.HCM 3.2. FTTB/C: M hnh FTTB/C: ng dng cho trin khai u cui ONU. - Cp quang ko n ta nh, cao c, khch sn, khu dn c cao cp, vn phng cho thu v trin khai lp t ONU. T y, trin khai cc i dy cp ng n tn nh/tng lu/phng khch hng v trin khai VDSL2 CPE v/hoc hp u dy in thoi ti y. - Cc loi ONU hin hu h tr ti a 8/24 cng VDSL2 v/hoc 08 cng POTS (Alcatel-Lucent), ti a 96 VDSL2/256 POTS/128 ADSL2+ (Huawei) m bo kh nng trin khai dch v triple-play (Internet, VoIP, IPTV) hoc double-play (Internet, IPTV) ti nh khch hng. - Mng cp nh khch hng dng mng cp ng sn c hay ko mi. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 22 VIN THNG TP.HCM Hnh 6c: M hnh FTTB/C ng dng cho trin khai u cui ONU ti VTTP Huawei: MA 5616: 96 VDSL2/ 256 POTS/ 128 ADSL2+ Alcatel-Lucent: O-0881V: 8 VDSL2 + 8 FE/GE + 8 POTS TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 23 VIN THNG TP.HCM 4. So snh mng ADSL v FTTx 4.1. Cp quang v cp ng: Khng nh cp ng truyn tn hiu bng in, cp quang dng nh sng truyn tn hiu. Chnh v s khc bit m cp quang t b nhiu, tc cao v c kh nng truyn xa hn. Vic s dng cng ngh truyn dn hin i ny cng ang bt u thay th dn mng cp ng ADSL phc v trc tip n ngi s dng. So vi cp ng, cp quang ch truyn sng nh sng nn khng b nhiu v khng th b nghe trm (tn hiu nh sng t si ny khng b nhiu vi cc si khc trong cng cp, iu ny lm cho cht lng tn hiu tt hn). suy gim dn/mt tn hiu trong si quang thp hn cc loi cp si ng: - Suy hao cp ng: 1,4dB/Km (0,5mm)- 1,8dB/Km (0,4mm). - Suy hao cp quang: 0,45 dB/Km. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 24 VIN THNG TP.HCM Cp quang cng s dng in ngun t hn, v nng lng cp tn hiu trong cp quang nh nn my pht c th s dng ngun thp hn thay v ngun pht cao a vo trong cp si ng. Cp quang rt ti thng tin dng s m c bit hu dng trong mng my tnh. Cp si quang cng khng chy, v dng in khng th chy xuyn qua cp, do khng c nguy c ha hn xy ra. Tuy vy, cp si quang v cc thit b i km li rt t tin so vi cc loi cp ng truyn thng. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 25 VIN THNG TP.HCM 4.2. So snh ADSL v FTTx da trn mt s tiu ch: Yu t so snh ADSL FTTx Mi trng truyn tn hiu: Suy hao trn i cp ng cao: 1,40 1,8 dB/Km (vi cp ng c = 0,5mm v 0,4mm tng ng). Suy hao trn si quang thp: thng l 0,45 dB/Km. n nh: D b suy hao do tn hiu in t, thi tit, chiu di cp Khng b nh hng. Bo mt: bo mt thp, d b nh cp tn hiu ng dy. bo mt cao, rt kh nh cp tn hiu trn ng truyn. Tc truyn dn (Upload v download ): Bt i xng: Download > Upload Tc ti a l 20 Mbps. Cn bng: Upload = download Tc cho php: 10 50 Gbps. Chiu di cp: Ti a l 2,5 km t n nh. n 10 km. An ton cho thit b: C th b nh hng do st nh, in lan truyn trn ng dy. Khng nh hng do st nh, in lan truyn trn ng dy. Kh nng p ng dch v: Hosting Server (my ch d/v), VPN (mng o), Truyn d liu, Game Online, IPTV (truyn hnh tng tc), VoD (xem phim theo yu cu), Video Conferrence (hi ngh truyn hnh), IP Camera: Khng ph hp v tc thp. p ng hiu qu, rt ph hp v tc rt cao v c th ty bin tc . Bng thng: Khng th nng cp bng thng trn cp ng truyn thng. D nng cp bng thng m khng cn ko cp quang mi. TNG QUAN MNG FTTx 26 VIN THNG TP.HCM K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 27 VIN THNG TP.HCM Cc hng chnh trin khai FTTx: Home Run (Point-to-Point). AON - Active optical network: Mng quang ch ng/ tch cc. PON - Passive optical network: Mng quang th ng. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 7: Cc hng trin khai mng FTTx 28 VIN THNG TP.HCM K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 8: Cc hng trin khai mng FTTx 29 1. Mng quang Home run: K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 9: Kiu trin khai Home run Kiu kt ni im-im, cp quang c a trc tip t CO n tn nh ngi s dng. C th dng c AON v PON ty theo cu hnh thit b. y l gii php n gin nhng t c dng ph bin, bi hiu qu thng mi thp, tn km. Home Run (Point to Point) CO VIN THNG TP.HCM 30 VIN THNG TP.HCM 2. Mng quang ch ng (AON): K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 10: Kiu trin khai AON AON (Active Optical Network) Ethernet Switch CO 31 VIN THNG TP.HCM phn phi tn hiu, mch AON s dng cc thit b in phn tch d liu nh: b chuyn mch (switch), b nh tuyn (router) hoc b ghp knh (multiplexer): - D liu t nh cung cp (hng xung) ca khch hng no ch c chuyn n khch hng . - D liu t pha khch hng (hng ln) s trnh xung t khi truyn trn ng vt l chung bng vic s dng cc b m (ONT) ca cc thit b ch ng. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 32 VIN THNG TP.HCM Hu ht cc cc h thng mng AON c gi l Ethernet ch ng (Active Ethernet). Thut ng ny uc hiu nh kiu kt ni im- im gia thit b chuyn mch Ethernet lp 2 (L2 Switch) ca nh cung cp dch v v thit b ca ngui s dng. - Cc L2 Switch c th uc t ti CO hoc i khi uc t nh mt t mng gn pha khch hng. - Thit b chuyn i (Media Converter) c t pha khch hng c nhim v chuyn i quang in. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 33 VIN THNG TP.HCM Nhc im: - Nhc im ln nht ca AON chnh l thit b chuyn mch. Vi cng ngh hin ti, thit b chuyn mch quang bt buc phi chuyn tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in phn tch, x l thng tin ri tip tc chuyn ngc li truyn i. Qu trnh ny s lm gim tc truyn dn trong mng vn l mt th mnh ca FTTx. - Ngoi ra do y l nhng thit b chuyn mch tc cao nn chng kh t tin, khng ph hp vi vic trin khai i tr cho mng truy cp. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 34 VIN THNG TP.HCM 3. Mng quang b ng (PON) 3.1. PON l g ? PON l kiu mng im - a im. Mi khch hng c kt ni ti mng quang thng qua mt b chia quang th ng, v vy khng c cc thit b in ch ng trong mng PON v bng thng c chia s t cp nhnh (feeder) n ngi s dng (drop). K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 11a: Mng quang th ng (PON) 35 VIN THNG TP.HCM K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 11b: Mng quang th ng (PON) 36 VIN THNG TP.HCM K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 11c: Cu trc mng quang th ng (PON) 20 km - 1:32 splitter or 10 km - 1:64 splitter Splitter Splitter Splitter PSTN Network Media Gateway CENTRAL OFFICE CORE NETWORK FIBER DISTRIBUTION CUSTOMER PREMISE IP TV/Video HeadEnd Data Network Analog Video HeadEnd 1550nm OLT 1490nm 1310nm IPTV System WDM Coupler STB IPTV STB IPTV STB IPTV STB IPTV STB IPTV ONU ONU Optical Distribution Network 1:n 37 VIN THNG TP.HCM 3.2. Cc thnh phn mng PON: a) Thit b u cui knh quang OLT: t trung tm chuyn mch CO/LE. OLT cung cp (pht) nhiu knh quang, mi knh quang uc truyn trn mt si quang m trn c b chia. Chc nng: - Cung cp kt ni giao tip gia h thng mng truy cp quang th ng PON v mng quang trc (li) ca cc nh cung cp dch v thoi - d liu - video thng qua h thng qun l EMS (Element Management System). - thc hin chuyn i tn hiu in s dng bi thit b ca nh cung cp dch v thnh tn hiu quang c dng bi PON v ngc li. - phn knh gia nhng thit b kt cui mng ONT/ONU trn mng PON. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 38 VIN THNG TP.HCM b) Thit b kt cui mng ONT/ONU: t u cui cp si quang (pha ngui s dng) gn hoc ti nh thu bao. Chc nng: - Thc hin chuyn i tn hiu quang t PON thnh tn hiu in n ngi s dng v ngc li. - Cung cp giao tip gia mng thoi - video - d liu ca ngi s dng vi mng PON. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 39 VIN THNG TP.HCM K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 12: Thit b ONT - FTTH 40 VIN THNG TP.HCM K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 13: Thit b ONU - FTTH 41 VIN THNG TP.HCM c) B chia quang th ng: L thit b tch ghp th ng PS (Passive Splitter) phn phi tn hiu quang. Thnh phn PS nm gia OLT v ONT/ONU, c t trong t cp S1 v S2 (kt ni gia cp chnh v cp phi). Chc nng: - Thu nhn cc tn hiu quang t OLT (CO). - Chia cc tn hiu quang n cc ONT/ONU (thu bao). K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 14a: B chia quang khi PLC Hnh 14b: B chia quang thanh trn 42 VIN THNG TP.HCM d) Mng cp quang: L h thng cp si quang dng truyn ti tn hiu nh sng. Thnh phn mng cp si quang nm gia OLT v ONT/ONU (c c b chia quang th ng), c t khu vc ngoi vi, theo: - Phng thc: chn - th cng ngm/bng Maxell - treo. - Nguyn tc phi cp: 01 cp/ 02 cp. Chc nng: truyn thng t OLT v kt ni ti mi ONT/ONU. Theo cc bc sng: - 1490nm dng lm bng thng hng xung (downlink) t OLT. Tn hiu c m ha (trnh ly trm) a ti cc h gia nh. - 1310nm truyn theo hung ln (uplink) bi mi ONT/ONU. Tn hiu hng ln c kt hp bng vic s dng giao thc a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA) v OLT s iu khin cc ONT/ONU s dng cc khe thi gian ny cho vic truyn d liu. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 43 VIN THNG TP.HCM e) H thng iu khin trung tm CO: Cung cp a ch v bng thng mt cch t ng, cng nh vic m ha c s dng truy tr v phn tch lu lng gia OLT v ONT/ONU. f) H thng qun l EMS: t ti trung tm chuyn mch CO (pha nh cung cp dch v). Chc nng: - Qun l cc phn t khc nhau ca mng PON. - Qun l v cu hnh, c tnh v bo mt. - Cung cp giao din n mng li ca cc nh cung cp dch v thoi - d liu - video. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 44 VIN THNG TP.HCM 3.3. t tnh cng ngh PON: c tnh ni bt ca cng ngh PON c th c hiu 2 : Kh nng tn dng phng php ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing). Cung cp bng thng t ng gim thiu s lng si quang cn thit cho vic kt ni gia OLT v b chia quang. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 45 VIN THNG TP.HCM 3.4. Cc chun quang th ng PON: ITU-T G.983 APON (ATM PON): y l chun mng PON u tin. N ch yu c s dng cho cc ng dng kinh doanh v da trn truyn dn khng ng b ATM(asynchronous transmit multiplex). BPON (Broadband PON): l chun da trn APON. N h tr thm cng ngh WDM, bng thng ginh cho ng ln (uplink) l ng v cao hn. ITU-T G.984 GPON (Gigabit PON): l s nng cp ca chun BPON. N h tr tc cao hn, bo mt c tng cng v s a dng trong vic la chn giao thc lp 2: ATM, GEM, Ethernet. IEEE 802.3ah EPON (Ethernet PON) l mt chun ca IEEE/EFM cho s dng Ethernet trong vic truyn d liu. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 46 VIN THNG TP.HCM 3.5. Ghp knh phn chia theo di tn trn mng PON: K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 15a: Cu trc TDM-PON Hnh 15b: Cu trc WDM-PON 47 VIN THNG TP.HCM - hng xung (t OLT n ONU), mng PON l mng im-a im. OLT chim ton b bng thng hng xung. - hng ln, mng PON l mng a im - im. Nhiu ONU truyn tt c d liu ca chng n mt OLT. c tnh hng ca b tch ghp th ng (Multiplexer): - L vic truyn thng ca mt ONU s khng c nhn bit bi cc ONU khc. - Tuy nhin cc lung d liu t cc ONU khc nhau c truyn cng mt lc cng c th b xung t. - V vy trong hng ln, PON s s dng mt vi c ch ring bit trong knh trnh xung t d liu, ng thi chia s cng bng ti nguyn v dung lng trung k. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 48 VIN THNG TP.HCM Mt phng php chia s knh hng ln ca ONU l s dng ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng WDM. Vi phng php ny th mi ONU s hot ng mt bc sng khc nhau; gii php WDM yu cu cn mt b thu iu khin hoc l mt mng b thu OLT nhn cc knh khc nhau. Tuy nhin nhiu vn kh khn cho cc nh khai thc mng l kim k tng bc sng ca ONU; thay v ch c mt loi ONU, th c nhiu loi ONU da trn cc bc sng laser ca n. Mi ONU s s dng mt laser hp v rng ph iu khin c, nn rt t tin. Mc khc, nu mt bc sng b sai lch s gy ra nhiu cho cc ONU khc trong mng PON. Vic s dng Laser iu khin c th khc phc c vn ny nhng qu t cho cng ngh hin ti. Vi nhng kh khn nh vy th WDM cha phi l gii php k thut tt theo yu cu hin nay. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 49 VIN THNG TP.HCM Mt s gii php khc da trn WDM cng c xut nhng gi c kh cao. Do vy, ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian trn mng PON (TDM: Time Division Multiplexing) ra i. Trong TDM PON, vic truyn ng thi t vi ONU (hng ln) s gy ra xung t khi n b ghp knh. ngn chn xung t d liu, mi ONU phi truyn trong ca s (khe thi gian) truyn ca n. Mt thun li ln ca TDM PON l tt c cc ONU c th hot ng cng mt bc sng, OLT cng ch cn mt b thu n. B thu pht ONU hot ng tc ng truyn, thm ch bng thng c th dng ca ONU thp hn. Tuy nhin, c tnh ny cng cho php TDM PON t hiu qu thay i bng thng c dng cho tng ONU bng cch thay i kch c khe thi gian c n nh hoc thm ch s dng ghp knh thng k tn dng ht bng thng c dng ca mng PON. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 50 VIN THNG TP.HCM Trong mng truy cp thu bao, hu ht cc lung lu lng ln v xung khng phi l Peer to Peer (user to user). V vy iu ny dng nh l hp l tch knh ln v xung. Mt phng php n gin da trn ghp knh phn chia khng gian SDM (Space Division Multiplexing ) c th tch trn PON khi c cung cp theo hng truyn ln - xung. tit kim cho si quang v gim chi ph sa cha v bo qun, mt si quang c th c s dng cho truyn theo 02 hng. Trong trng hp ny, 02 bc sng c dng l: hng ln 1 = 1310 nm, hng xung 2 = 1550 nm. Dung lng knh mi bc sng c th phn phi linh ng gia cc ONU. Ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian TDM l phng php c u tin hin nay cho vic chia s knh quang trong mng truy cp khi m n cho php mt bc sng n hng ln v b thu pht n OLT lm cho gii php ny c u th hn v chi ph u t. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 51 VIN THNG TP.HCM 4. So snh gia 2 k thut AON v PON K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 16: So snh AON v PON 70 km 20 km 20 km V Video cho nhiu thu bao B C D A D liu/thoi cho mt thu bao 52 VIN THNG TP.HCM K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Hnh 17: GPON v Active Ethernet H thng chuyn mch TB chuyn mch Ethernet 10*GigE 10*GigE 10*GigE 2.5/1.2 Gb/s 64*2.4/1.2 Gb/s 24*/100 Mb/s 24*/100 Mb/s Cat 5 53 VIN THNG TP.HCM 4. So snh k thut gia AON v PON 4.1. Cc yu t c em ra so snh: - Tng dung lng bng thng ca mt thu bao c th tn hng. - Cc dch v hai cng ngh cung cp cho ngi s dng u cui. Nh cp pha trn, PON dng hai buc sng khc nhau: chiu xung bc sng 1490 nm v chiu ln 1310 nm, ring buc sng 1550 nm l buc sng chn la s dng cho cc thng tin qung b v tn hiu video s. Ti thi im hin ti, tc chiu xung ca PON khong 2.5 Gbps v chiu ln l 1.25 Gbps. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 54 VIN THNG TP.HCM Nu mt OLT phc v duy nht 01 thu bao th thu bao c th uc tn hng ton b bng thng ny. Tuy nhin trong cc mng trin khai ti mt s nc trn th gii, ngi ta thng thit k tc cho mt thu bao s dng PON vo khong 100 Mbps/downlink v 40 Mbps/uplink. Vi tc truy nhp nh vy th qu tha thi cho cc ng dng cao cp nh HDTV. Active Ethernet thng cung cp tc down - up l 100 Mbps ti mi thu bao, cng c th cung cp tc ln hn vi thit b u cui l GbEthernet, tuy nhin cc thit b h tr GbEthernet Switch t hn t nht gp 6 ln so vi active Ethernet thng thng. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 55 VIN THNG TP.HCM Qua tin hnh vi th nghim gn y bc l kh nng hn ch ca Active Ethernet l: - Khi download 1 b phim HDTV 5.8 GB, khong 47 Gigabits thng tin cn truyn ti, GPON mt 2 pht cn Active Ethernet mt 8 pht vi cng tc truyn 100 Mbps. Mt trong nhng iu ng thuyt phc cc nh khai thc trin khai GPON chnh l kh nng Broadcast TV v IPTV nh vo buc sng 1550 nm (qung b TV s v analog), trong khi Active Ethernet ch h tr IPTV. S khc bit ln nht ca GPON v Active Ethernet nm kha cnh u t v hiu qu kinh t. - cho cng t uc khong cch ti thu bao l 20Km, Active Ethernet cn thit trn 4Watts/port; trong khi GPON cn khng ti 1Watt. Ni mt cch n gin Active Ethernet cn ngun cung cp gp 4 ln GPON v cn h thng iu ha gp 4 ln GPON. - Ngoi ra v din tch v s lung thit b GPON t ra cng tn km hn Active Ethernet nhiu. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 56 VIN THNG TP.HCM K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx Khai thc, vn hnh GPON Active Ethernet S lng khch hng trung bnh trn h thng 2048 720 Khong cch xa nht 20 km (tiu biu) 10 km (tm ngn) Tc down cc i 2.5 Gb/s 100 Mb/s Tc down trung bnh trn mt cng 40 2300 Mb/s 12 100 Mb/s Tc up cc i 1.25 Gb/s 100 Mb/s Tc up trung bnh trn mt cng 35 1150 Mb/s 3 50 Mb/s Qun l T/hp cp nh ng b chia (1:64), khng cn ngun nui T rack ln ng switch, cn ngun nui (c acquy d phng) cung cp Chc nng h tr H tr CATV, IP video Ch IP video Bng 2: So snh mt s tiu ch c th gia GPON v Active Ethernet 57 VIN THNG TP.HCM 4.2. u im ca PON: Vi kin trc PON s lm gim chi ph u t mng cp quang v cc thit b ti CO do n cho php nhiu ngi s dng chia s chung mt si quang. B chia quang khng cn cp ngun, loi b hon ton chi ph vic dng ngun in ngoi vi nui; c gi thnh r v lp t bt k u, khng ph thuc cc iu kin mi trng. K c vic cung cp rt t nng lng cho cc thit b gia phng my trung tm CO v pha ngi s dng. Gim c chi ph vn hnh - bo dng. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 58 VIN THNG TP.HCM 4.3. Nhc im ca PON: Thiu tnh hi t IP (IP convergence). AON c th trin khai cu hnh mng Ring s to nn ng lin kt d phng. Trong khi PON duy nht ch c mt kt ni gia OLT v splitter, nu kt ni ny b li th ton b ONT khng c cung cp dch v. K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx 59 VIN THNG TP.HCM CC DCH V MNG FTTx 60 VIN THNG TP.HCM Cc nh cung cp dch v ang s dng mng FTTx nh mt trong nhng cng c hu hiu ca chin lc cnh trnh cung cp b 3 dch v (Triple Play), bao gm: thoi - d liu - video trn nn IP. Cc cng ngh s dng to dng cc mng FTTx bao gm c cc mng quang th ng, cc ng dy thu bao s (DSL) v cc cng ngh nn video u tip cn n mc gi c cnh tranh. Do yu cu trin khai mng FTTx khng qu kh khn, cc nh cung cp dch v phi bo m dch v Triple Play m h cung cp hot ng hon ho. Nu mng c s h tng FTTx c trin khai m cht lng li khng cao th cc nh cung cp dch v s phi i mt vi nguy c vnh vin mt i cc khch hng trung thnh vo tay cc i th cnh tranh, nhng ngi cung cp cc gi dch v tng t nhng vi cht lng cao hn. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 61 VIN THNG TP.HCM 1. Xy dng cc khi b ba dch v (Triple Play): Cc dch v Triple Play c th c cung cp nh nhiu cng ngh truy cp khc nhau trn cng mt mng FTTx: - FTTx thc ra l mt tp hp cc kin trc mng mi c thit k mang cc dch v bng rng n vi khch hng. - Si quang c s dng trong tt c cc kt ni t nh cung cp n khch hng (ging nh kin trc FTTP (Premise)). - i vi cng ngh xDSL, v d ADSL2+ c dng nhng Km cui nhm kt ni t nt quang ti thit b khch hng (CPE). Thc t, hu ht cc mng FTTx, si quang, cp ng, cp ng trc, giao tip khng dy (wireless) hoc mt vi s kt hp ca nhng phng tin ny s mang cc tn hiu truyn ti cc ng dng Triple Play ti cc thit b mng tch hp, cc my thu hnh v cc b chuyn i trong cc ng dng VoIP v thoi thng thng. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 62 VIN THNG TP.HCM Khi trin khai cc dch v Triple Play theo kin trc FTTx th vic kim tra tt c cc phng tin truyn dn vt l c s dng, c bit quan trng l phn mng truy cp bng cp ng. - Vic kim tra nhiu lp ca mng cng vi cc ng dng cung cp phi c tin hnh trong ton b vng i ca mng, t giai on lp t, cung cp dch v v bo m dch v. - kim tra lp vt l cng nh cc ng dng trong ton b chu k sng ca mng phi s dng nhiu loi thit b v phng php o khc nhau nhiu im khc nhau trn mng. Trong giai on lp t mng, cn tin hnh: - Xc nh c tnh si quang. - Cc thng tin v suy hao chn (insertion loss) v suy hao phn x ngc (optical return loss). CC DCH V MNG FTTx 63 VIN THNG TP.HCM Trong giai on cung cp dch v, cn tin hnh: - o cng sut quang. - Hiu sut truyn d liu xDSL. - nh gi cht lng thoi, video v d liu. Khi mng c trin khai v cung cp cc dch v, vic kim tra m bo dch v tr thnh mt yu cu bt buc. Cc k thut vin trn tuyn phi c kh nng: - Thc hin nh gi dch v u cui-u cui. - Xc nh v cch ly cc li s c chnh xc. - H tr qu trnh phn tch v tc ng khc phc s c hiu qu. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 64 VIN THNG TP.HCM CC DCH V MNG FTTx Hnh 18: Cc kin trc dch v mng FTTx S p l i t t e r S p l i t t e r S p l i t t e r S p l i t t e r OLT OLT DSLAM ONU ONU ONU ONT ONT 65 VIN THNG TP.HCM 2. Kim tra cc dch v Triple Play: Tng t nh vic trin khai lp vt l, vic trin khai cc dch v Triple Play c thc hin theo ba giai on khc nhau: - Lp t cc thnh phn mng v nh gi s b cht lng mng. - Cung cp dch v ti khch hng. - Bo tr, bo m dch v. Mi giai on trong vng i ca mng li mang n nhng thch thc khc nhau cho mi dch v Triple Play. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 66 VIN THNG TP.HCM 2.1. Dch v IP Video Trc khi cung cp dch v IP video, nh cung cp phi xc nh s ph hp mng truy cp ca khch hng vi dch v IP video: - Xc nh cc c ch qun l lp dch v video, v d: vic phn chia nhn VLAN, lp k hoch m bo lu lng ti. - Nng cp thit b DSLAM h tr chc nng thu pht gi v chc nng IP multicast. - Thit lp cu hnh mng truy cp c th h tr yu cu bng thng i vi dch v IP video. c bit, n phi tha mn c yu cu ng thi truyn 3 knh video. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 67 VIN THNG TP.HCM Sau khi cc vn trn c gii quyt, tin trnh cung cp cc thnh phn cn thit ca mng v vic kt ni c th bt u. Cc thnh phn mng cn lp t v kim tra bao gm: - Cc Gateway thit b DSLAM. - Gateway pha khch hng. - Cc dy mng i trong nh khch hng. - B gii m tn hiu truyn hnh s STB (Set Top Box). Ngoi ra, vic nh gi li cht lng ca lin kt mng truy cp cng cn tin hnh. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 68 VIN THNG TP.HCM Khi to mi v cung cp dch v IP video, cn phi: - nh gi v thu thp thng tin v cht lng dch v v cc li thng xy ra ph bin. - Vic khc phc s c da trn nhng tnh hung gi lp phi c thc hin trc khi hon tt vic ci t dch v. - Trng hp l tng nht l phi lu li cc bn bo co o kim ca khu ny trong qu trnh trin khai dch v sau ny dng tham chiu cho cc hot ng bo tr v bo m dch v. S dng d liu c lu li ny s gp phn ci thin ng k thi gian sa cha, khc phc s c, m nh khch hng c s dng dch v cht lng n nh. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 69 VIN THNG TP.HCM ci thin qu trnh lp t mng v dch v, cc thit b o kim c th gip k thut vin trn tuyn kim tra 03 tham s trc khi cung cp dch v IP video, bao gm: - Hiu sut ng xDSL. - Cung cp dch v video. - Cht lng dch v video (QoS: Quality Service). Thit b phi c kh nng m phng STB ca khch hng, ly cc lung d liu chng trnh video v xc nh tnh hp chun ca cc gi tr QoS c thit lp bi nh cung cp dch v cho mi tham s. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 70 VIN THNG TP.HCM Cc kt qu o kim QoS Video hin th trn thit b o s cho bit tt c cc tham s quan trng nh hng ti lung video. V d: - Nu jitter tham chiu ng h chng trnh PCR (Program Clock Reference) cao, b gii m khng th gii m ng ti video. - Vn tr i vi IGMP nh hng ti thi gian cn chuyn i gia cc knh video qung b, y l mt yu t quan trng lin quan n cm nhn ca khch hng v cht lng dch v m h nhn c (customer experience). - S gi tin b mt trong lung truyn dn video c o bng b ch th li lin tip, y l tham s quan trng nht trong s 3 tham s. Thit b cng nn c kh nng thit lp cc gii hn t/Khng t (Pass/Fail) cho mi tham s ny, lm tng tnh chc chn cho tng cc hot ng vn hnh thc t v gip ci thin qu trnh m bo dch v IP video. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 71 VIN THNG TP.HCM khc phc s c IP video, c th s dng thit b o kim pht hin trng hp li IP, nh: - Li im nh video hoc li ng hnh: 02 li ny xy ra l do mt gi d liu, jitter gi qu ln hoc c hai. Nu kim tra khng pht hin ra li no lp vt l ca lin kt truy cp th c th vic mt gi xy ra ng ln (upstream) ca DSLAM. - Jitter PCR lin quan ti mt knh video, xc nh vn xy ra headend, vi vic chn thm cc Local Ad hoc vi cc hot ng chuyn i m tn hiu ngun. - Vic mt gi tin gy ra nhiu nh hng khc nhau. V d: -Nu mt mt gi mang khung B trong mt tn hiu video MPEG-2 ch nh hng ti mt hoc hai khung ca lung video. -Nu mt mt gi mang khung I th s nh hng tt c cc khung cho ti tn khung I tip theo. Thng 14 15 khung b nh hng ty thuc vo thit lp kch thc nhm hnh (Group of Picture/GOP). CC DCH V MNG FTTx 72 VIN THNG TP.HCM Vic gim st lin tc lung cc gi tin l cn thit m bo rng cc ng dng IP video t ti cht lng m cc khch hng trng i t nhng nh cung cp dch v video cnh tranh. Yu cu v cht lng m h mong mun nhn c phi tt hn hoc t nht l bng vi cht lng m h nhn c trc . CC DCH V MNG FTTx Hnh 19: Cu trc mt mng IP Video Video headend Core Network Metro Network Access Network Customer Premise Broadband Remote Access Server 73 VIN THNG TP.HCM 2.2. Dch v thoi IP Mun to v cung cp mt ng dng thoi IP cho doanh nghip th: - Phi xc nh c tnh ph hp ca mng doanh nghip gia lu lng nhy cm vi tr ca dch v VoIP, nh: Cc tnh nng lp dch v phi tn ti trong cc b nh tuyn (router) v mng phi c sa i/lp t li ph hp vi lu lng thoi thm vo. - K hoch ti lu lng c th nh hng ti thit b mng, c bit l cc yu cu v bng thng giao din WAN. - Cc tha thun mc dch v mi SLA (Service Level Agreement) cn c thit lp. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 74 VIN THNG TP.HCM Trong giai on trin khai dch v thoi IP, k thut vin cn tp trung thc hin cc ni dung sau: Lp t v kim tra: - Cc thit b truy cp tch hp IAD (Integrated Access Device). - Cng (Gateway) thoi. - B nh tuyn (Router). - in thoi IP. Kim tra lp vt l ca cc lin kt WAN. Theo : - Cc thnh phn mng v cc kt ni cn thit c cung cp. - ng cp mi c lp t cho nhng im kt cui mi (cc in thoi IP hoc cc b chuyn i adapter). Kim tra - x l li v cc vn lin quan n cht lng dch v QoS VoIP trc khi hon tt vic cung cp dch v cho khch hng v b tr cc in thoi IP theo thc t. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 75 VIN THNG TP.HCM Xc nh tnh kt ni t khch hng ti cc gateway bo hiu cung cp dch v v xc nh cht lng cuc gi: - C th nh gi cht lng cuc gi bng cch thc hin: Cc cuc gi kim tra trong ni b mng IP (on-network test call) v cc cuc gi sang mng PSTN (off-network test call). - Cc tham s cuc gi quan trng cn kim tra gm: tr gi, mt gi v jitter. Tuy nhin, h s nh gi trung bnh MOS (Mean Opinion Score) l tham s SLA (tha thun mc dch v) quan trng nht c s dng o tng th cht lng VoIP. Cc chuyn giao mng gia mng gi v mng TDM thng c qun l bi mt chuyn mch gateway thoi l nhng im kim tra quan trng trong tt c cc mng. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 76 VIN THNG TP.HCM giai on m bo dch v, rt nhiu yu t c th lm gim cht lng dch v VoIP, bao gm: - Vn lin quan ti khu vc mng pha khch hng gy ra bi b m thoi. - Hiu sut ca b x l DSP. - Thit b thu/pht m thanh. - Hiu sut hot ng ca b loi b ting vng trong mng. Tng t nh vi ng dng IP video, cn phi thu thp cc bo co kt qu o giai on ny v lu li s dng trong tng lai. Khi xy ra s c dch v th nhng bn bo co ny s gip rt ngn thi gian gii quyt s c. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 77 VIN THNG TP.HCM 2.3. Dch v d liu IP Internet cung cp dch v d liu IP Internet ti cc thu bao FTTx th: - Mi khch hng cn c thit lp mt ti khon cung cp dch v Internet ISP (Internet Service Provider Account ISP Account). - i vi k hoch v lu lng ti cng cn c sa i ph hp vi lung d liu c thm vo. Cc my ch truy cp dch v bng rng u xa (Broadband Remote Access Server BRAS) s b nh hng, do vic hoch nh bng thng v nh tuyn/iu khin phi c hon thin. - Bn cnh vic thit lp kt ni ti cc nh cung cp dch v v cung cp cc thnh phn mng cn thit cho lung d liu tng thm v x l lp dch v (CoS) th cc cng DSLAM c th c cu hnh li h tr tuyn tr kp (dual-latency path) trong mi trng ng dng hn hp ny. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 78 VIN THNG TP.HCM kt thc qu trnh ci t, k thut vin phi nh gi: - Hiu sut hot ng lp vt l DSL (ng truyn). - Mc kt ni ti ISP (nh cung cp dch v). - Thng lng ca dch v d liu FTP. Vic ny c tin hnh bng cch s dng cng c kim tra vi kh nng tch hp trnh duyt Web (Web Browser) v thng lng FTP: - S dng cc tp tin (file) kim tra c th la chn ngi s dng dch v v tin hnh kim tra c ng ln v ng xung. - Thc hin bi o thng lng FTP kim tra hiu sut ca lin kt st vi cc m hnh trin khai trong thc t hn l ch kim tra n gin mi ng xung ca lin kt. - Thc hin bi kim tra HTTP s dng mt trnh duyt Web cng c li trong vic m bo rng kt ni/truy cp ISP ca ngi dng u cui vn chy hon ho. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 79 VIN THNG TP.HCM Mt khi dch v d liu IP Internet c trin khai th chnh xc ca dch v cung cp cng cn phi c nh gi xem c hp chun hay khng. V mt ln na, cc bn bo co v bt k s c hay vn g u nn c lu li s dng lm ti liu tham kho v qun l trong tng lai. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 80 VIN THNG TP.HCM 2.4. Gi Triple Play cn B o kim c 3 dch v (Triple Testing) Vic kim tra phi c thc hin nhiu lp, bao gm: - Lp vt l. - Lp lin kt d liu. - Lp mng. - Lp ng dng. Nu ch n thun kim tra lp vt l mng truy cp th khng th pht hin ra cc vn QoS tim n m c th nh hng ti cc ng dng da trn gi Triple Play. Hin nhin l vic truyn gi tin chu nh hng ca lung gi u cui ti u cui. Cc nh cung cp dch v trin khai cc mng FTTx cn c chin lc hon chnh v dch v v o kim tin cy da trn s hiu bit su sc v ng dng c cung cp theo s lp t, cung cp v bo dng cht lng ca cc dch v. CC DCH V MNG FTTx 81 VIN THNG TP.HCM XU HNG PHT TRIN 82 VIN THNG TP.HCM Vi nhng u im c phn tch cc phn trn, cng vi nhu cu pht trin ca x hi hin nay th xu hng trin khai mng FTTx gn nh l iu tt yu cc nh cung cp dch v v khai thc mng vin thng c tn ti v pht trin. Trong tng lai gn FTTH s dn thay th ADSL khi bng thng ADSL khng sc cung cp ng thi cc dch v trc tuyn trong cng mt thi im. FTTH s cung cp 1 IP tnh thch hp cho cc doanh nghip t chc trin khai d dng cc dch v trc tuyn nh IP Camera, lu tr mail, truyn d liu tc cao... XU HNG PHT TRIN 83 VIN THNG TP.HCM Theo mt bo co mi nht ca Heavy Reading: - S h gia nh s dng kt ni bng rng FTTH trn ton th gii s tng trng hng nm trn 30%. Hin Nht Bn, Trung Quc v M l cc quc gia i u trong lnh vc bng rng s dng cng ngh cp quang ny. - Cng ngh FTTH c hn 20 triu kt ni ton cu, ch tnh ring 3 nc ni trn c khong 6 triu thu bao. Ti chu c nh gi l th trng c tim nng pht trin mnh; theo d on, vo cui nm 2012, ring chu s c 54 triu kt ni FTTH, tip theo l chu u/ khu vc Trung ng/ chu Phi vi 16 triu, ri n Bc M v Nam M vi 15 triu. Hin nay, qu trnh chuyn i sang FTTH ang c thc hin nhiu nc, gm: an Mch, Php, Hng Kng, Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Thy in, i Loan v M. XU HNG PHT TRIN 84 VIN THNG TP.HCM i vi mng vin thng ca Vit Nam cng ang trn pht trin mnh m, c bit nc ta ang nm trong khu vc pht trin nng v FTTH. Vi nhng iu kin thun li nh vy, nu chng ta c s quy hoch v trin khai c h thng, ng b vi vic pht trin c s h tng, chc rng nc ta s sm bt kp nhp pht trin tng ngy ca nn cng ngh v thng tin vin thng ca th gii. Ngoi ra, FTTH cn chim u th tuyt i trong qu trnh ngm ha mng vin thng, mt xu th tt yu ang din ra nc ta. XU HNG PHT TRIN 85 VIN THNG TP.HCM XU HNG PHT TRIN Hnh 20: T l bng rng trn th gii theo thng k nm 2007 Other 2.08% 86 VIN THNG TP.HCM