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Ch s axit : l s mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong gam ch!

t bo
Ch s x "h#ng ho$ : l s mg KOH cn x "h#ng ho$ glix%rit & trung ho axit bo
t do c trong gam ch!t bo
'() *O+, -+C ./,H C+C CH0 12 C34 CH5* '6O : CH0 12 4-)*7 CH0 12 -(
8H9,: HO+
. lm c$c bi t;" d<ng n=7 cn n>m &?ng c$c@h$i niAm sau:
B Ch s axit : l s mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong gam ch!t bo
Ch s x "h#ng ho$ : l s mg KOH cn x "h#ng ho$ glix%rit & trung ho axit bo
t do c trong gam ch!t bo
CD* 12 '() *E8 FE, GH,:
CIu : . x "h#ng ho$ JK @g triol%in cn L7MJM @g ,aOH thu NOc JP7QRS @g x "h#ngT
Ch s axit cUa mVu ch!t bo trWn l
4T S 'T X CT M GT R
CIu Q: CYt lo<i ch!t bo c ch s x "h#ng ho$ l XX7SQ chZa axit st%aric & trist%arinT
. trung ho axit t do c trong MM7XK g mVu ch!t bo trWn th[ cn bao nhiWu ml dung
d\ch ,aOH R7RKC
4T RR ml 'T PSK ml CT QRR ml GT QK ml
CIu J: *rong ch!t b$o lu]n c mYt lNOng nh^ ax_t t doT 1 miligam KOH d`ng trung
ho luOng ax_t t do trong gam ch!t bo gYi l ch s ax_t cUa ch!t boT . trung ho
Q7X gam ch!t bo cn J7R ml dung d\ch KOH R7 CT Ch s ax_t cUa mVu ch!t bo trWn l:
4TL 'TP CTQ GTQL
CIuL: . trung h#a L gam ch!t bo cn Kml dung d\ch KOH CT Ch s axit cUa
ch!t bo bang
4T K 'T P CT S GT X
CIuK: . x "h#ng ha hon 7K gam mYt ch!t bo cn d`ng LKml dung d\ch KOH R7
CT Ch s x "h#ng ha ch!t bo l
4T K 'T PS CT QP GT QKQ
CIuP: . x "h#ng ha PJmg ch!t bo ch!t bo btrung t_nhc cn R7RXmg ,aOH T*[m ch
s x "h#ng ha
4T QRRmg7 'T QQLmg CT QQRmg7 GT KRmg
CIuS: Ch s x "h#ng ha l:
4T ch s axit cUa ch!t boT
'T s mol ,aOH cn d`ng x "h#ng ha hon ton gam ch!t boT
CT s mol KOH cn d`ng x "h#ng ha hon ton gam ch!t boT
GT *dng s mg KOH cn trung h#a het lNOng axit bo t do & x "h#ng ha het
lNOng %st% trong gam ch!t boT
CIu X:CYt ch!t bo - c ch s axit l K7PT Khi lNOng ,aOH cn thiet trung ho Rg
ch!t bo - l
4T R7RL gam 'T RL gam CT L gam GT R7RKP gam
CIu M: Khi x "h#ng ho$ 7K gam ch!t bo cn RR ml dung d\ch KOH R7C T Ch s x
"h#ng ho$ cUa ch!t bo bang
4T JSJ7J 'T JJS7J CT JJJ7S GT JSS7J
CIu R: . "hfn Zng &gi RRg li"it c ch s axit bang S "hfi d`ng S7MQg KOHT *_nh
@hi lNOng mui thu NOcT
4T RX7QPK 'T KR7QKP CT QR7QPK GT RJ7QKP
CIu : Khi trung ho Q7Xg ch!t bo cn Jml dung d\ch KOH R7C T Ch s axit cUa ch!t
bo l
4T P 'T K CT K7K GT P7K
CIu Q: . trung ho axit dN c trong K7Pg li"it cn P ml dung d\ch ,aOH R7CT Ch s
axit cUa ch!t bo l
4T P 'T Q7L CT L7QX GT L7X
CIu J: . x "h#ng ho$ hon ton Q7KQg mYt li"it cn d`ng MRml dung d\ch ,aOH
R7CT *_nh ch s x "h#ng ho$ cUa li"it
4T QRR 'T RR CT LQ7X GT LRR
Chu L: CYt ch!t bo i c ch s axit l ST Khi lNOng KOH cn thiet trung ho Lg
ch!t bo i l
4T R7RQX gam 'T R7QX gam CT Q7X gam GT QX gam
CIu K: - "h#ng ha @g ch!t bo c ch s axit bang S7 ch s x "h#ng ha QRRT Khi
lNOng glix%rol thu c l:
4TJKQTLJg 'T RKTKMg CT JQRTKQg GT MJ g
CIu P: . x "h#ng ha R @g ch!t bo c ch s axit bangS ng ta un ch!t bo &gi dung
d\ch chZa TLQ @g ,aOHT 1au "hjn Zng hon ton mun trung h#a hkn hO" cn KRml dd
HCl CT *_nh @hi lNOng cUa glix%rol & @hi lNOng x "h#ng ngu=Wn ch!t l t<o ra
4T RLXTXg & RJLPTSg 'T QRRg & QJRTJg
CT JLKg & LJRTSg GT LKQg & RKQKTQg
CIu S: - "h#ng ha QTKQ g ch!t bo cn MRml dd KOH RTCTCmt @h$c x "h#ng ha
hon ton KTRLg ch!t bo 4 thu c RTKJ g glix%rolT *[m ch s x "h#ng ha & ch s axit
cUa ch!t bo 4:
4T QRR & X 'T MX & S CT Q & P GT MP & K
CIu X: Khi x "h#ng ho$ hon ton Q7KQ gam ch!t bo trung t_nh cn MR ml dung d\ch
KOH R7CT *_nh ch s x "h#ng cUa ch!t bo trWnn
4T QRR 'T MQ CT MR GT MX
CIu M: @hi x "h#ng ho$ hon ton Q7KQ gam ch!t bo trung t_nh thu NOc R7QPKgam
glix%rolT *_nh ch s x "h#ng cUa ch!t bon
4T X 'T XR CT XR GT X
CIu QR: . x "h#ng ho$ hon ton RRgam ch!t bo c ch s axit bang S ngNoi ta d`ng
het R7JQ mol KOHT Khi lNOng glix%rol thu NOc l bao nhiWu gamn
4T M7L gam 'T M7Jgam CT X7LXS gam GT M7LJ gam
CIu Q: *_nh @hi lNOng KOH cn d`ng trung ho L gam ch!t bo c ch s axit l Sn
4T QXmg 'T Lmg CT XQmg GT .$" $n @h$cT
CIu QQ: *_nh @hi lNOng ,aOH cn d`ng trung ho axit t do c trong K gam bo &gi
ch s axit bang Sn
4T R7RQKmg 'T R7RQKg CT R7QKmg GT R7QKg
CIu QJ: - "h#ng ho$ @g li"it c ch s axit l Q7X ngNoi ta cn d`ng JKR ml KOH CT
Khi lNOng glix%rol thu NOc l bao nhiWun
4T M7Qgam 'T X7L gam CT JQ7Q gam GT P7 gam
CIu QL: CYt lo<i mp chZa LRq triol%in7 QRq tri"anmitin7 LRq trist%arinT - "h#ng ho$
hon ton m gam mp trWn bang ,aOH thu NOc JX gam glix%rolT :i$ tr\ cUa m ln
4T QRM 'T JRL7QS CT JQP GT JJK
CIu QK: CYt lo<i mp chZa SRq triol%in & JRq trist%arin &r @hi lNOngT *_nh @hi lNOng
x "h#ng thu NOc @hi x "h#ng ho$ hon ton RR@g ch!t mp bang ,aOHn
4T MR7X@g 'T PX@g CT RJ7P@g GT R7K@g
CIu QP: - "h#ng ho$ hon ton R7 mol ch!t h?u cs - b chZa C7 H7 Oc cn &ta U JRR
ml dung d\ch ,aOH CT C] c<n dung d\ch sau "hfn Zng thu NOc QL7P gam mui @hanT
-$c \nh C*8* cUa -n
4T bHCOOcJCJHK 'T bCHJCOOcJCJHK CT CJHKbCOOCHJcJ GT bCHJCOOcQCQHL
CIu QS: *_nh ch s %st% cUa mYt lo<i ch!t bo chZa XMq trist%arinn
4T PX 'T XL CT KP GT .$" $n @h$c
CIu QX: .un QR gam li"it &gi dung d\ch chZa R gam ,aOHT 1au @hi @et thuc "hfn Zng
trung ho vR dung d\ch thu NOc cn d`ng MR ml dung d\ch HCl R7Q CT *_nh ch s
x "h#ng ho$ & "hIn tw @hi trung b[nh cUa axit bo trong li"itn
4T LR & QSJ 'T QR & QSJ CT JR & QSJ GT .$" $n @h$c
CIu QM: Cho R7QK mol ,aOH &o QR gam bo trung t_nh rxi un nng lWn7 @hi "hfn Zng
xj= ra hon ton ngNoi ta thu NOc dung d\ch c t_nh bays7 trung ho dung d\ch n=
"hfi d`ng het R7X mol HClT *_nh @hi lNOng ,aOH cn x "h#ng ho$ t!n ch!t bo
trWnn
4T R7L t!n 'T 7L t!n CT R7L t!n GT .$" $n @h$c
CIu JR: *_nh @hi lNOng ,aOH cn d`ng trung ho c$c axit bo t do c trong QRR
gam ch!t bo7 biet ch!t bo c ch s axit bang Sn
4T Kg 'T Mg CT g GT Kg
CIu J: Cho R7QK mol ,aOH &o QR gam bo trung t_nh rxi un nng lWn7 @hi "hfn Zng
xj= ra hon ton ngNoi ta thu NOc dung d\ch c t_nh bays7 trung ho dung d\ch n=
"hfi d`ng het R7X mol HClT *_nh @hi lNOng ,aOH cn x "h#ng ho$ t!n ch!t bo
trWnn
4T R7L t!n 'T 7L t!n CT R7L t!n GT .$" $n @h$c
CIu JQ: Khi cho SX@g ch!t bo trung t_nh "hfn Zng &ta U &gi QR@g dung d\ch ,aOH
QRq7 gif sw hiAu su!t "hfn Zng l RRqT *_nh @hi lNOng x "h#ng thu NOcn
4T P7Q @g 'T XJ7P @g CT QQ7L @g GT .$" $n @h$c
CIu JJ: . x "h#ng ho$ hon ton KR gam ch!t bo c ch s axit l S cn R7P mol
,aOHT *_nh @hi lNOng glix%rol thu NOcn
4T M7LJgam 'T L7LKgam CT L7SKgam GT P7S gam
bzCOOcJCJHK bCh!t boc { JKOH | JzCOOK { CJHKbOHcJ bc
zCOOH bt doc { KOH | zCOOK { HQO bQc
'o { KOH | mui bx "h#ngc { CJHKbOHcJ { HQO bJc
Cn n>m rh c$c @h$i niAm
T Ch s axit: l s mg KOH bQc cn trung ho het axit t do c trong gam ch!t bo
QT Ch s %st%: l s mg KOH bc cn thu} "hIn het %st% bo c trong gam ch!t bo
JT Ch s x "h#ng ~ ch s axit { ch s %st%
LT Khi lNOng x "h#ng thu NOc @hi x "h#ng haT
+" dng \nh lu;t bfo ton @hi lNOng cho "hNsng tr[nh s bJc
mbo { mKOH ~ mx "h#ng { mnNgc { mglix%rol
| mx "h#ng ~ mbo { mKOH mnNgc mglix%rol
(RCOO)3C3H5 (Chtbo) + 3KOH 3RCOOK + C3H5(OH)3 (1)
RCOOH (t do) + KOH RCOOK + H2O (2)
Bo + KOH mui (x phng) + C3H5(OH)3 + H2O (3)
Cn nm r cc khi nim
T Ch s axit: l s mg KOH (2) cn trung ho het axit t do c trong gam ch!t bo
QT Ch s %st%: l s mg KOH (1) cn thu} "hIn het %st% bo c trong gam ch!t bo
JT Ch s x "h#ng ~ ch s axit { ch s %st%
LT Khi lNOng x "h#ng thu NOc @hi x "h#ng haT
p dng nh lut b t!n kh"i l#$ng ch ph#%ng tr&nh '" ()*
mbo + mKOH = mx phng + mn + mg!"x#$o!
mx phng = mbo + mKOH % mn % mg!"x#$o!
&'t () b" t*p +*n d,ng
C-. 1/ . x "h#ng ho$ JK @g triol%in cn L7MJM @g ,aOH thu Oc JP7QRS @g x "h#ngT
Ch s axit cUa mVu ch!t bo trWn l
01 S 21 X C1 M 31 R
C-. 2/ CYt lo<i ch!t bo c ch s x "h#ng ho$ l XX7SQ chZa axit st%aric & trist%arinT
. trung ho axit t do c trong MM7XK g mVu ch!t bo trWn th[ cn bao nhiWu ml dung
d\ch ,aOH R7RKC
01 RR ml 21 PSK ml C1 QRR ml 31 QK ml
C-. 3/ *rong ch!t b$o lu]n c mYt lNOng nh^ ax_t t doT 1 miligam KOH d`ng trung
ho luOng ax_t t do trong gam ch!t bo gYi l ch s ax_t cUa ch!t boT . trung ho
Q7X gam ch!t bo cn J7R ml dung d\ch KOH R7 CT Ch s ax_t cUa mVu ch!t bo trWn l:
4TL 'TP CTQ GTQL
C-. 4/. trung h#a L gam ch!t bo cn Kml dung d\ch KOH CT Ch s axit cUa
ch!t bo bang
01 K 21 P C1 S 31 X
C-. 5/ . x "h#ng ha hon 7K gam mYt ch!t bo cn d`ng LKml dung d\ch KOH R7
CT Ch s x "h#ng ha ch!t bo l
4T K 'T PS CT QP GT QKQ
C-. 5/ . x "h#ng ha PJmg ch!t bo ch!t bo btrung t_nhc cn R7RXmg ,aOH T*[m
ch s x "h#ng ha
01 QRRmg7 21 QQLmg C1 QQRmg7 31 KRmg
C-. 6/Ch s x "h#ng ha l:
4T ch s axit cUa ch!t boT
'T s mol ,aOH cn d`ng x "h#ng ha hon ton gam ch!t boT
CT s mol KOH cn d`ng x "h#ng ha hon ton gam ch!t boT
GT *dng s mg KOH cn trung h#a het lNOng axit bo t do & x "h#ng ha het
lNOng %st% trong gam ch!t boT
C-. 7/Mt cht bo X c ch s axit l 5,6. Khi lng NaO c!n thi"t #$
t%&ng ho '(g cht bo X l
). (,(* ga+ ,. (* ga+ -. * ga+ .. (,(56 ga+
Cu 9: Khi x /h0ng ho1 ',5 ga+ cht bo c!n '(( +l 2&ng 23ch KO
(,'M . Ch s x phng ho c4a cht bo # b5ng
). 676,6 ,. 667,6 -. 666,7 .. 677,6
Cu 10: 8$ /h9n :ng ;<i '((g li/it c ch s axit b5ng 7 /h9i 2=ng
'7,>?g KO. @Anh Bhi lng +&i th& #c.
41 RX7QPK 'T KR7QKP CT QR7QPK GT RJ7QKP
C-. 11/ Khi trung ho Q7Xg ch!t bo cn Jml dung d\ch KOH R7C T Ch s axit cUa ch!t
bo l
41 P 'T K CT K7K GT P7K
C-. 12/ . trung ho axit dN c trong K7Pg li"it cn P ml dung d\ch ,aOH R7CT Ch s
axit cUa ch!t bo l
41 P 'T Q7L CT L7QX GT L7X
C-. 13/ . x "h#ng ho$ hon ton Q7KQg mYt li"it cn d`ng MRml dung d\ch ,aOH
R7CT *_nh ch s x "h#ng ho$ cUa li"it
41 QRR 'T RR CT LQ7X GT LRR
C-. 14/Mt cht bo C c ch s axit l 7. Khi lng KO c!n thi"t #$
t%&ng ho *g cht bo C l
41 R7RQX gam 'T R7QX gam CT Q7X gam GT QX gam
C-. 15/ -a "hong hoa @g chIt b%o co chi s] axit bang S7 chi s] xa "hong hoa QRRT
Khi lNOng glix%rol thu c la:
4TJKQTLJg 'T RKTKMg CT JQRTKQg GT MJ g
C-. 15/ .W xa "hong hoa R @g chIt b%o co chi s] axit bangS ng ta un chIt b%o &gi
dung d\ch chNa TLQ @g ,aOHT 1au "hjn Zng hoan toan mu]n trung hoa hkn hO" cIn
KRml dd HCl CT *inh @hi lNOng cUa glix%rol &a @hi lNOng xa "hong ngu=Wn chIt a
tao ra
4T RLXTXg &a RJLPTSg 'T QRRg &a QJRTJg
CT JLKg &a LJRTSg GT LKQg &a RKQKTQg
C-. 16/ -a "hong hoa QTKQ g chIt b%o cIn MRml dd KOH RTCTCt @hac xa "hong hoa
hoan toan KTRLg chIt b%o 4 thu c RTKJ g glix%rolT *im chi s xa "hong hoa &a chi s] axit
cua chIt b%o 4:
4T QRR &a X 'T MX &a S CT Q &a P GT MP &a K
C-. 17/Khi x "h#ng ho$ hon ton Q7KQ gam ch!t bo trung t_nh cn MR ml dung d\ch
KOH R7CT *_nh ch s x "h#ng cUa ch!t bo trWnn
4T QRR 'T MQ CT MR GT MX
C-. 18/ @hi x "h#ng ho$ hon ton Q7KQ gam ch!t bo trung t_nh thu NOc R7QPKgam
glix%rolT *_nh ch s x "h#ng cUa ch!t bon
4T X 'T XR CT XR GT X
C-. 29/ . x "h#ng ho$ hon ton RRgam ch!t bo c ch s axit bang S ngNoi ta d`ng
het R7JQ mol KOHT Khi lNOng glix%rol thu NOc l bao nhiWu gamn
4T M7L gam 'T M7Jgam CT X7LXS gam GT M7LJ gam
C-. 21/ *_nh @hi lNOng KOH cn d`ng trung ho L gam ch!t bo c ch s axit l Sn
4T QXmg 'T Lmg CT XQmg GT .$" $n @h$cT
C-. 22/ *_nh @hi lNOng ,aOH cn d`ng trung ho axit t do c trong K gam bo &gi
ch s axit bang Sn
4T R7RQKmg 'T R7RQKg CT R7QKmg GT R7QKg
C-. 23/ - "h#ng ho$ @g li"it c ch s axit l Q7X ngNoi ta cn d`ng JKR ml KOH CT
Khi lNOng glix%rol thu NOc l bao nhiWun
4T M7Qgam 'T X7L gam CT JQ7Q gam GT P7 gam
C-. 24/ CYt lo<i mp chZa LRq triol%in7 QRq tri"anmitin7 LRq trist%arinT - "h#ng ho$
hon ton m gam mp trWn bang ,aOH thu NOc JX gam glix%rolT :i$ tr\ cUa m ln
4T QRM 'T JRL7QS CT JQP GT JJK
C-. 25/ CYt lo<i mp chZa SRq triol%in & JRq trist%arin &r @hi lNOngT *_nh @hi lNOng
x "h#ng thu NOc @hi x "h#ng ho$ hon ton RR@g ch!t mp bang ,aOHn
4T MR7X@g 'T PX@g CT RJ7P@g GT R7K@g
C-. 25/- "h#ng ho$ hon ton R7 mol ch!t h?u cs - b chZa C7 H7 Oc cn &ta U JRR
ml dung d\ch ,aOH CT C] c<n dung d\ch sau "hfn Zng thu NOc QL7P gam mui @hanT
-$c \nh C*8* cUa -n
4T bHCOOcJCJHK 'T bCHJCOOcJCJHK CT CJHKbCOOCHJcJ GT bCHJCOOcQCQHL
C-. 26/*_nh ch s %st% cUa mYt lo<i ch!t bo chZa XMq trist%arinn
4T PX 'T XL CT KP GT .$" $n @h$c
C-. 27/.un QR gam li"it &gi dung d\ch chZa R gam ,aOHT 1au @hi @et thuc "hfn Zng
trung ho vR dung d\ch thu NOc cn d`ng MR ml dung d\ch HCl R7Q CT *_nh ch s
x "h#ng ho$ & "hIn tw @hi trung b[nh cUa axit bo trong li"itn
4T LR & QSJ 'T QR & QSJ CT JR & QSJ GT .$" $n @h$c
C-. 28/Cho R7QK mol ,aOH &o QR gam bo trung t_nh rxi un nng lWn7 @hi "hfn Zng
xj= ra hon ton ngNoi ta thu NOc dung d\ch c t_nh bays7 trung ho dung d\ch n=
"hfi d`ng het R7X mol HClT *_nh @hi lNOng ,aOH cn x "h#ng ho$ t!n ch!t bo
trWnn
4T R7L t!n 'T 7L t!n CT R7L t!n GT .$" $n @h$c
C-. 39/ *_nh @hi lNOng ,aOH cn d`ng trung ho c$c axit bo t do c trong QRR
gam ch!t bo7 biet ch!t bo c ch s axit bang Sn
4T Kg 'T Mg CT g GT Kg
C-. 31/Cho R7QK mol ,aOH &o QR gam bo trung t_nh rxi un nng lWn7 @hi "hfn Zng
xj= ra hon ton ngNoi ta thu NOc dung d\ch c t_nh bays7 trung ho dung d\ch n=
"hfi d`ng het R7X mol HClT *_nh @hi lNOng ,aOH cn x "h#ng ho$ t!n ch!t bo
trWnn
4T R7L t!n 'T 7L t!n CT R7L t!n GT .$" $n @h$c
C-. 32/Khi cho SX@g ch!t bo trung t_nh "hfn Zng &ta U &gi QR@g dung d\ch ,aOH
QRq7 gif sw hiAu su!t "hfn Zng l RRqT *_nh @hi lNOng x "h#ng thu NOcn
4T P7Q @g 'T XJ7P @g CT QQ7L @g GT .$" $n @h$c
C-. 33/. x "h#ng ho$ hon ton KR gam ch!t bo c ch s axit l S cn R7P mol
,aOHT *_nh @hi lNOng glix%rol thu NOcn
4T M7LJgam 'T L7LKgam CT L7SKgam GT P7S gam

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