S

E
C
T
I
O
N

3
:

N
A
Z
I

G
E
R
M
A
N
Y

I
N

P
E
A
C
E

A
N
D

W
A
R
Worksheet 62
How did Hitler rule Germa!"
#IRST THINGS #IRST
Hitler became Chancellor in January
1933 despite having won only 3 per
cent o! the vote in the election" Within
two months there was another election"
$%T &&&
# week be!ore the election the
$eichstag %parliament& building was
burnt down" Hitler blamed the
Communists"
In the election he won 288 seats still
not an overall majority.
Hitler made the $eichstag !ire an e'cuse
to ban the Communist members"
T'i( meat Hitler )ould *or)e 'i( $i+
Idea t'rou+' t'e Rei)'(ta+&
WHAT WAS THE $IG IDEA"
Hitler hated parliamentary democracy"
With the Communists out ( and other
members terrorised by the )# ( the
$eichstag passed the *nabling #ct"
+he Ea,li+ A)t allowed Hitler to
do what he liked" +he $eichstag was
powerless" Hitler was now dictator"
+he Weimar $epublic was dead"
GERMANY $AC- TO WOR-
+here were si' million unemployed
,ermans in 1933"
Hitler +ot me ,a). to wor. ,! &&&
Forming the National Labour Service:
young men had to do ublic wor!s
"orestry# "arming# building roads# schools#
hositals "or a basic wage and meals$
S%uee&ing 'ews out o" their jobs$
*
(a!ing away women)s jobs$
*earming +ermany. ,a!ing arms
emloyed eole in many di""erent
industries# e.g. steel# chemicals# etc.
/0 ,illio mar.( were spent on the
war economy" Hitler was getting
ready !or war ( or at least to reclaim
the -ersailles lands"
Introducing conscrition. (he army and
air"orce grew "rom -..#... to -./
million. (his too! -.0 million o"" the dole.
,a!ing sure everyone bought only
+erman goods 1autar!y) or sel"2
su""iciency. (his might mean buying
"a!e or 1ersat&) roducts li!e co""ee
made "rom acorns.
PHEW1 ANYTHING E2SE"
.es" Hitler banned trade unions" He set
up workers/ clubs called the ,erman
0abour 1ront" (hese were tightly
controlled by the Na&is.
+he bosses had bankrolled Hitler when
he was trying to win power" +hey
wanted tight control over workers"
Concentration camps were set up
outside ma2or cities"
$%T DID IT WOR-"
3n a way4 yes" 5nemployment was down
to 3624666 by 1939" +he average
!actory wage was 37 marks a week"
+his
was ten times more than dole pay in
1933" 3ut the rice was the comlete
abandonment o" ersonal liberty.
WHAT A$O%T THE 3EWS"
+hey su!!ered terribly" #t !irst4 some
thought Hitler would eventually settle
down and control his violent !ollowers"
3ut that dream %uic!ly disaeared . . .
Hitler/s )# ( )tormtroopers or
8rownshirts were e'pert bullies" +hey
had helped Hitler to power"
#lmost immediately4 Jews were
dismissed !rom important 2obs in the civil
service4 the legal system4 universities4
schools and the media"
School te4tboo!s showed 'ews as evil#
ugly eole who reyed on 5ryans.
Children learnt 9$acial )cience/" +his
taught that #ryans were a superior race"
Jews were in!erior"
(eachers had to join the Na&i (eachers)
5ssociation.
Jewish children had to wear yellow
stars" +hey were humiliated at
school" Jewish shops were also
marked"
3n 1937 the :uremberg 0aws cut more
2obs !or Jews and !orbade se'ual
relations between them and #ryans"
MEET 3OSE# GOE$$E2S
,oebbels ran Hitler/s propaganda
machine" He controlled every part o! the
media" Huge parades and rallies were
laid on to emphasise :a;i power" 3t all
added to Hitler/s mysti<ue"
+oebbels organised 1haenings) li!e
the burnings o" boo!s by 'ewish
authors. 5ll +ermans were encouraged
to join in.
=any ,erman>Jewish scientists and
writers !led ,ermany at this time"
Hitler was a brilliant public speaker
who could arouse crowds to a !ren;y"
WHAT O# THE CH%RCH"
Hitler signed a deal ( a Concordat ( with
the ?ope" +hey said they wouldn/t
inter!ere in each other/s a!!airs"
3ut 6itler did control the 7rotestant
8hurch very strictly and imrisoned
any riest o" any religion who oosed
him.
3n 193@ Jewish property was
con!iscated" 3n :ovember Jewish
shops and synagogues were
smashed and looted" +his 4Cr!(tal
Ni+'t5 was named a!ter the broken
glass in the gutters"
SO HE HAD IT A22 SEWN %P"
:ot <uite" He had trouble with the
leaders o! the )#" Hitler needed the
army/s support" +he army hated the )#"
6itler was "aced with a dilemma.
SO WHAT DID HE DO"
He had the leaders o! the )# killed on
29 June 193A" +his is known as (he
Night o" the Long 9nives.
8y killing his old !riends Hitler won the
army/s !ull support"
6e had also come out in his true
colours. 6e was a totally ruthless man
who would crush anyone in his way.
ANOTHER OPPORT%NITY
0ater that summer ?resident
Hindenburg died" Hitler took over his
power and called himsel! 1Bhrer (
9leader/"
AND ANOTHER & & &
Hitler made the army swear an oath o!
loyalty ( not to ,ermany4 but to him
personally4 virtually guaranteeing its
obedience.
$udol! Hess4 Ceputy 1Bhrer4 saidD
Hitler is Germany and Germany is
Hitler.
#INA22Y & & &
*very single child was brought up to
believe in Hitler and the :a;i way o! li!e"
1rom 1932 to 193A the Hitler .outh
grew !rom 1664666 to 3"7 million" *very
child had to belong to a :a;i
organisation"
6itler had sei&ed the "uture as well as
6 Hodder Murra! Germany 19181945
S
E
C
T
I
O
N

3
:

N
A
Z
I

G
E
R
M
A
N
Y

I
N

P
E
A
C
E

A
N
D

W
A
R
the resent.
6 Hodder Murra! Germany 19181945