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vn Trang web Hi p ln Vit Nam

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B xy dng CNG HOA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
S 08 /2004/ Q-BXD c lp - T do - Hnh phc

H Ni , ngy 29 thng 4 nm 2004

Quyt nh ca B trng b xy dng
V vic ban hnh Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXD VN 313: 2004 '' Kt cu
b tng v b tng ct thp - Hng dn k thut phng chng nt di tc
ng ca kh hu nng m ''

B trng b xy dng

- Cn c Ngh nh s 36/ 2003/ N - CP ngy 04 / 4 / 2003 ca Chnh Ph
quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Xy dng.
- Cn c bin bn s 950 / BXD - HKHKT ngy 2 / 6 / 2003 ca Hi
ng Khoa hc k thut chuyn ngnh nghim thu ti " Nghin cu son tho
hng dn thi cng chng nt b tng trong vng kh hu min Nam Vit Nam ".
- Xt ngh ca V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Vin trng Vin
Khoa hc cng ngh Xy dng.

Quyt nh

iu 1 : Ban hnh km theo quyt nh ny 01 Tiu chun Xy dng Vit
Nam TCXD VN 313: 2004 " Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp - Hng dn k
thut phng chng nt di tc ng ca kh hu nng m ''
iu 2 : Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy k t ngy ng cng bo.
iu 3 : Cc ng : Chnh Vn phng B, V trng V Khoa hc Cng
ngh , Vin trng Vin Khoa hc cng ngh Xy dng v Th trng cc n v
c lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny ./.

Ni nhn :

- Nh iu 3
- VP Chnh Ph
- Cng bo
- B T php
- V Php ch - BXD
- Lu VP&V KHCN

b trng b xy dng

Nguyn Hng Qun


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TCXDVN Tiu chun xy dng Vit nam



TCXDVN 313 : 2004
Bin son ln 1







Kt cu b tng v B tng ct thp -
Hng dn k thut phng chng nt di
tc ng ca kh hu nng m a phng

Concrete and Reinforced concrete structures-
Guide on technical measures for prevention
of cracks occured under the action of local Hot Humid Climate
(Code of practice and commentary)
















H ni - 2004

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Li ni u


Tiu chun xy dng TCXDVN 313 : 2004 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh
Xy dng bin son, V Khoa hc Cng ngh trnh duyt, B Xy dng ban hnh
theo Quyt nh s:..08. ngy 29 / 4 / 4






















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Bin son ln 1

Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp-
Hng dn k thut phng chng nt
di tc ng ca kh hu nng m a phng

Concrete and reinforced concrete structures-
Guide on technical measures for prevention of cracks occured
under the action of local Hot Humid Climate
( Code of practice and commentary )

1- Phm vi p dng
1. 1 Hng dn ny p dng cho cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp thng
thng, c din tch mt thong ln, c thi cng theo cng ngh thng thng
v lm vic trong iu kin tc ng trc tip ca cc yu t kh hu nng m,
nhm hn ch nt mt b tng hoc nt kt cu trong qu trnh ng rn v s
dng.

1.2 i vi kt cu b tng khi ln, bin php m bo chng nt do nhit thu
ho ca xi mng c thc hin theo quy phm ring.
2- Tiu chun vin dn
TCXD 191:1996. B tng v vt liu lm b tng. Thut ng v nh ngha.
TCVN 5574:1991. Kt cu BTCT. Tiu chun thit k.
TCVN 5593:1991. Kt cu b tng v BTCT. Yu cu bo dng m t
nhin.
TCVN 4453:1995. Kt cu b tng v BTCT ton khi. Quy phm thi cng v
nghim thu.
TCVN 5718:1993. Mi v sn BTCT trong cng trnh xy dng. Yu cu k
thut chng thm nc.

3- Thut ng- nh ngha
Trong quy phm ny, ngoi cc thut ng s dng c trong TCXD
191:1996, mt s thut ng di y c hiu nh sau:
2.1 Bo dng ban u: Giai on ph m sau khi hon thin b mt kt cu
hn ch nc trong b tng bay hi. Trnh nhng tc ng c hc trong giai on
ny.
2.2 Bo dng tip theo: Giai on ti nc gi m lin tc cho ti khi kt thc
bo dng
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2.3 Bin dng mm: Tnh cht ca b tng thay i kch thc hnh hc (co hoc n)
khi cha c cng . (Xem TCVN 191: 1996)
2.4 Bin dng cng: Tnh cht ca b tng thay i kch thc hnh hc khi
c cng (Xem TCVN 191: 1996).
2.5 Cng bo dng ti hn: Cng ca b tng ti thi im cho php
ngng qu trnh bo dng m t nhin (Xem TCVN 191: 1996).
2.6 Khe co dn nhit m : V tr chia ct kt cu b tng thnh cc phn nh
hn b tng c th co n theo thi tit nng m.
Khe dn: Khe co dn nhit m cho php chuyn dch u mt b tng ti
khe.
Khe co: Khe co dn nhit m khng cho php chuyn dch b tng ti khe.
Ti y b tng c th xut hin vt nt do b co.

4- Yu cu chng nt i vi kt cu
b tng v B tng ct thp
4.1 Kt cu khng c c vt nt b mt trong nhng gi u ng rn ( sau
38h).
4.2 Kt cu khng c c cc vt nt ( y l cc vt t) do b bin dng
theo thi tit trong qu trnh ng rn vt qu gii hn quy nh ca TCVN
5574: 1991.

5- Quy trnh thi cng phng chng nt mt b tng
5.1 Nguyn tc chung
- n v thi cng cn c bin php thi cng b tng c th nhm trnh nt
mt b tng trong nhng gi u ng rn v trnh nt kt cu BTCT trong qu
trnh ng rn tip theo di tc ng trc tip ca kh hu nng m, c bit vo
nhng ma kh hu kh nng, c bc x mt tri cao.
- Cn chun b sn ngun nc ti v cc vt liu ph mt trc lc thi cng
bo dng m btng.
- Cn duy tr ch d bo dng m b tng theo TCVN 5593 : 1991.
- Quy trnh thi cng phng chng nt mt b tng bao gm cc bc t mc
5.2 n 5.5 di y.
5.2 Thit k thnh phn b tng
5.2.1 Thnh phn b tng phi c thit k ti cc phng th nghim c chc
nng c cng nhn. Phng php thit k c thc hin theo "Hng dn k
thut thit k thnh phn b tng cc loi" do B Xy dng ban hnh. (Quyt nh
778/1998 Q - BXD ngy 5/9/1998).
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5.2.2 Thnh phn b tng cn c thit k vi th tch h xi mng V
h
trong 1m3
b tng l thp nht hn ch thnh phn co n trong b tng. Th tch h xi
mng V
h
, , c xc nh theo cng thc (1):
Vh = N + X/
x
(1)


Trong : N - Lng nc trn trong 1m3 b tng, .
X - Khi lng xi mng trong 1m3 b tng, kg.

x
- Khi lng ring ca xi mng, kg/ .
C th thc hin cc gii php sau y gim V
h
:
- Thit k thnh phn b tng vi st thp nht thi cng b tng
vi cc trang thit b thi cng sn c.
- S dng ph gia do ho cao hoc siu do gim lng nc trn b
tng.
- Gim lng nc t m ct liu trong tng lng nc tnh ton thnh
phn b tng.
- S dng xi mng c mc thch hp vi mc b tng theo hng mc xi
mng cng cao, lng xi mng s dng cng t.
- Khng thm nc hoc nc xi mng vo b tng trong lc thi cng.
- S dng ct liu ln vi ng knh ln nht c th v tng hm lng ct
liu ln n mc ti a gim lng h xi mng trong b tng.
5.3 Bo v hn hp b tng
5.3.1 Hn hp b tng cn c gi nhit cng thp cng tt trnh b nt
kt cu do b tng ninh kt qu nhanh di tc ng nng nng ca kh hu. Nhit
ca hn hp b tng khi khng nn vt qu 35
0
C. Nn gi di 30
0
C.
C th p dng cc bin php sau y h nhit hn hp b tng:
a/ H nhit xi mng bng cch che chn nng trc tip vo ni xi
mng.
b/ H nhit ct liu bng cch che chn nng hoc ti nc ln ct liu
ln.
c/ H nhit nc trn bng cch che chn nng trc tip vo ngun nc
hoc dng nc .
d/ Gi cho hn hp b tng khng b bc x tc ng trc tip trc khi .
5.3.2 Hn hp b tng cn c gi st n nh, hn ch tn tht st di
tc ng ca cc yu t kh hu nng m, nht l nhng vng v nhng ma c
kh hu kh nng, c gi Lo. Thi gian ch b tng khng nn qu 1,5h. Nu lu
hn th phi c bin php trn li nhng cng khng c qu 4h.
C th p dng cc bin php sau y hn ch tn tht st hn hp b
tng:
a/ Che chn nng tc ng trc tip vo hn hp b tng ( trnh mt nc
nhanh v trnh tng cao nhit hn hp b tng).
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b/ C k hoch trc hn np b tng khng b lu gi qu lu trong thi
cng. Dng ph gia do ho chm ninh kt hn ch tn tht st trong nhng
vng thi tit nng, kh nng, c gi Lo.
c/ Rt ngn thi gian vn chuyn v ch i ca hn hp b tng.
5.4 v m b tng
5.4.1 Cn c k hoch trc hn ch vic ko di thi gian v m b tng
ti hin trng. Nht l trnh tnh trng b tng qu nhanh (th d bm b tng
qu nhanh), khng kp san gt v hon thin b mt trong i kin nng v kh
nng.
v m b tng c thc hin theo TCVN 4453:1995. Ngoi ra cn ch
nhng im di y:
5.4.2 Vo lc nng nng v kh hanh cn b tng theo tng lp mng c
th quay vng nhanh, m bo b tng lp di cha kt thc ninh kt m lin
tc v lp trn. Tt nht l khng c im dng thi cng.
5.4.3 Khi cn c im dng thi cng th im dng cn c x l nh sau m
bo lin kt tt gia 2 t b tng, trnh b nt bc tch sau ny:
- B mt im dng b tng phi c v phng cho ni mu xi mng ln trn.
Khng tnh trng si thiu va, s l ch r sau ny.
- Ti h xi mng (hoc va xi mng ct c t l thnh phn nh va ca hn hp
b tng) ln b mt b tng ti im dng trc khi lp b tng sau.
- m nh nhng ch im dng trnh rung ng qu mnh vo lp b tng
trc.
5.5 Bin php phng chng nt mt b tng
trong nhng gi u ng rn
5.5.1 Nguyn tc chung
Trong nhng gi u ng rn, di tc ng trc tip ca kh hu nng
m,b tng c th b nt mt do b mt nc qu nhanh sau khi hon thin. Cn
phi c bin php hn ch tc mt nc ca b tng v khc phc cc vt nt
xut hin khi b tng cn cha kt thc ninh kt. Bin php y l bo dng
m b tng hn ch mt nc hoc m li b tng khc phc cc khuyt tt
v cc vt nt mt xut hin.
5.5.2 Bo dng m b tng
5.5.2.1 Phn vng kh hu bo dng m b tng
Theo tiu chun TCVN 5593-1991 a d nc ta c phn thnh 3 vng kh hu
theo yu cu bo dng m t nhin. l cc vng A,B,C. Mi vng c phn ra
cc ma kh hu H, ng, (vng A) v kh, ma (vng B v C) vi cc thng nht
nh trong nm. Cng trnh b tng c thi cng vng no, trong ma kh hu
no th phi tun th ng quy nh ghi trong Tiu chun trn cho vng v ma .
5.5.2.2 Cc giai on bo dng m t nhin
Tiu chun TCVN 5593:1991 quy nh 2 giai on bo dng m l :
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Nc Vt liu
ph m
Hnh 1- S ph m bo dng b tng
b)
Bo dng ban u : Ko di (35)h u.
Bo dng tip theo: Ko di mt s ngy cho n khi b tng t cng
bo dng ti hn.
chng nt b tng trong nhng gi u ng rn, th cn phi lm tt
vic bo dng ban u. m bo cht lng b tng lu di th phi lm tt c
vic bo dng tip theo.
5.5.2.3 Thc hin bo dng ban u
Bo dng ban u c thc hin bng cc gii php sau y :
a/ Ph m ti nc : B tng sau khi hon thin c ph mt bng vt liu m
sn c a phng nh bao ti m, rm r m.v.v... v ti nh nc gi m
thng xuyn trong (35)h u ng rn (Hnh 1). Vic ph mt b tng nht thit
phi c thc hin i vi kt cu thi cng vng A vo ma h trong nhng
ngy nng nng v vng B,C vo ma kh, c bit khu vc nng kh Ty
nguyn v vng c gi Lo.
Mc ch y l hn ch tc mt nc qu nhanh, gy nt mt b
tng.
giai on ny cn trnh mi tc ng c hc ln b tng nh i li, va
chm, rung ng.v.v...
b/ Ph mt bng vt liu ngn nc : Vt liu ngn nc c th l nilon, vi
bt.v.v... thng dng l nilon o ma. Nilon chuyn dng cn c chiu dy khng
di 0,1mm.









B tng sau khi hon thin c ph kn ngay bng vt liu ngn nc hn ch
nc trong b tng bay hi (Hnh 2a). Ph vt liu ngn nc c 2 tc dng chnh
sau y :
- Gi nc trong b tng khi bay hi. V vy khng cn ti nc gi m cho b
tng.
- Nhn nng lng bc x mt tri lm tng nhit ca b tng. Vo ma h c
nng vng A v ma kh vng B v C, khi c ph nilon nhit b tng c th
ln ti
50-55
o
C, do tng nhanh qu trnh ng rn b tng.
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Bc x mt tri
Mng chn hi
i vi cc kt cu b tng c yu cu gi gn b mt sau hon thin th vic ph
vt liu ngn nc c th c t trn khung gi bng g hoc thp (Hnh 2b).










Hnh 2- S ph nilon gi m b tng

Ph vt liu ngn nc c hiu qu cao i vi cc kt cu b tng hoc b tng
ct thp c din tch mt thong ln nh : Sn v mi, ng t, sn bi, cc mi
dc knh mng ng bng. c bit c hiu qu l thi cng vo ma h nng
nng vng A v ma kh nng vng B v C, v vo thi k c gi Lo vng
B.
Vic ph vt liu ngn nc c th thc hin ch trong ngy u ng rn b
tng. Sau c th tho b dng vo ch khc, v ti nc bo dng trc tip
ln b tng trong nhng ngy sau.
c/ Ph mt bng mng chn hi : Mng chn hi c to ln b mt b tng bng
cch phun dung dch polymer to mng chuyn dng sau khi hon thin. Sau khi
phun xong, trn mt b tng s to thnh mt mng mng c tc dng ngn nc
trong b tng khng b bc hi (Hnh 3). Quy trnh phun c thc hin theo ch
dn ca nh sn xut vt liu to mng. Thng thng thi im thi cng to mng
ny l vo thi im khng cn nc tch ng trn b mt b tng.
Phng php ph mt bng mng chn hi thng c p dng i vi cc
kt cu c b mt thong ln v c nhu cu khng ti nc gi m trong c giai
on bo dng tip theo. Trong sut qu trnh bo dng, lp mng ny cn c
bo v khi h hng bi nhng tc ng c hc (nh i li, va p, co xc.v.v...)






5.5.2.4 Thc hin bo dng tip theo
Hnh 3- S ph mt b
tng
bng mng chn hi
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a/ Bo dng tip theo c thc hin bng cch ti nc gi m ton b b
mt kt cu b tng sau khi kt thc giai on bo dng ban u. Bo dng tip
theo nhm to cho b tng iu kin ng rn tt khng b nt, vi nt hoc cc
khuyt tt khc do b mt nc v bin dng co n qu ln di tc ng ca kh
hu. Cng c th be chn ngm (35)cm nc trn mt b tng, thay cho ti
nc.
b/ Bo dng tip theo l bt buc i vi mi kt cu b tng v b tng ct
thp, v c thc hin cho ti khi b tng t cng bo dng ti hn R
th
BD

theo quy nh ca TCVN 5593:1991.
5.5.3 m li b tng
5.5.3.1 Tng qut
m li b tng nhm khc phc cc khuyt tt sinh ra trc do b tng
b mt nc, nh nt mt, vi nt, hnh thnh l rng, thay i cu trc. m li cn
lm tng cht b tng nn tng cng v bn b tng.
5.5.3.2 Phng php m li
m li c th thc hin bng tay (p bng bn xoa) hay bng my (my
m mt, m di, m rung).
a/ m li bng tay :
Dng bn xoa g v mnh, u mt b tng m ln trc ri xoa nhn mt b
tng. m li bng tay ch p dng i vi kt cu b tng c mt thong ln vi
chiu dy b tng khng qu 12cm.
b/ m li bng my :
- Ko my m mt, m li th t li dn. m xong dng bn xoa hon thin
b mt tip theo.
- Khi dng m cn xoa mt th thc hin quy trnh theo cng nng s dng ca
my.
- m mt p dng i vi kt cu c mt thong ln vi chiu dy b tng
khng qu 20cm.
- i vi kt cu c dy trn 20cm nh dm, cc b tng ct thp, b tng
ng bng.v.v... c th m li bng m di : m nh m ln trc. Ch rt
m t t trnh to l di trong b tng sau khi m.
c/ Thi im m li :
Thng thng b tng c m li sau (1,52,5)h khi b tng cha kt
thc ninh kt (tc l cha kt thc giai on co mm), tu theo thi tit v thnh
phn b tng. Lc ny b tng cn do, nhng trn mt th khng cn nc tch
ngng ng.
Ti hin trng c th xc nh thi im m li nh sau :
- i vi m tay : Sau 1,5h th n u ngn tay ln mt b tng to thnh mt
vt lm. Nu vt lm cn dnh v khng c nc ng th l thi im thch hp
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m li. Nu n xong, nc ng ngay trong vt lm th cn sm qu. C
(1015)ph li n tay kim tra vt lm mt ln cho ti khi xc nh c thi im
m li. Nu vt lm kh n v kh th l qu mun, khng c php m li
na. m li lc ny s ph v s lin kt gia cc thnh phn ca b tng.
- i vi m my : Khi mt b tng ro nc, s mt b tng thy cn mm l
m c. m th nu thy nc ni ln nhanh th i thm. C (1015)ph th
li my mt ln cho ti khi thy d m, khng ni nc, v b tng rung ng u
l c.
Khi dng my m di th thi im m li l lc ro nc trn b mt b
tng, s b tng thy cn mm, m th, rt di ln m b tng lp y ngay l di
l c.
- Trong qu trnh m li b tng cn ch khng lm nh hng xu n phn
b tng m li trc .
5.5.3.3 m li c tc dng tt i vi mi kt cu b tng, nhng hiu qu cao
hn l i vi cc kt cu c b mt thong ln, nc trong b tng bay hi nhanh
( h thp t l N/X).
5.5.3.4 Sau khi m li, nht thit phi bo dng b tng theo 2 giai on nh
quy nh ca TCVN 5593:1991 v ch dn iu 5.5..2 ca tiu chun ny.

6- Bin php phng chng nt kt cu b tng
pht sinh trong qu trnh ng rn

6.1 Nguyn tc chung
Qu trnh pht sinh cc vt nt trong kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp di
tc ng ca cc yu t kh hu c th ko di t sau giai on bo dng ban u
cho ti mt vi nm sau. Nguyn nhn pht sinh vt nt l do bin dng cng ca
b tng qu ln lm cho ng sut ko pht sinh vt qu gii hn ko cho php
ca b tng. Phn ny hng dn phng php t khe co dn nhit m hn ch
bin dng cng (co, n) ca b tng theo thi tit mc gy ng sut ko khng
lm nt b tng. Bin dng ny thng xy ra trong khong (36) thng n mt s
nm sau khi b tng.

6.2 t khe co dn nhit m i vi
kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp
6.2.1 Nguyn tc chung
a) Kt cu cn c gii to ng sut pht sinh do bin dng nhit m qu ln, hoc do
bin dng khng thc hin c di tc ng ca kh hu. Bin php t khe co dn
nhit m di y l nhm gii to ng sut nu trn.

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b b
h
a) Khe dn;
b) Khe co.
a) b)
6.2.2 Loi hnh khe co dn nhit m
C 2 loi khe co dn nhit m sau y :
Khe dn (Hnh 4a)
Khe co (Hnh 4b)







Hnh 4. S cu to khe co dn nhit m

a/ Ti khe dn : B tng v ct thp b ct t hon ton. Khi cn thit c th
dng kt cu c thanh truyn lc truyn lc qua khe. B rng khe khng nh
hn 2 cm.
B rng b ca khe dn n c xc nh theo cng thc (2):
b b1+b2 (2)
Trong : b1 = x l - Tng bin dng ca on b tng gia 2 khe dn;
-Bin dng n n nh ca b tng di tc ng ca kh hu
nng m. Trong iu kin kh hu nc ta c th ly =
(0,4 0,45)mm/m;
l- Chiu di khong cch gia 2 khe dn, m.
b2 - dy lp vt liu chn khe cn li sau khi b p do b tng n
di tc ng ca iu kin kh hu. Gi tr b2 ly theo ch dn ca nh sn xut
vt liu chn khe.
Tu theo yu cu k thut ca khe dn, ngi thit k c th t khe c hnh dng
khc nhau (nh khe thng; khe gp khc; khe c mng vv...).
Khe dn cn phi thng thong, khng cha cc vt l lm cn chuyn dch u
mt b tng khi bin dng, nh g, , b tng vn,gch v, t ct vv...

b/ Ti khe co: Tit din b tng b ct xung su h (hnh 4.b). Thng su h
khng qu (13) cm i vi kt cu c chiu dy nh (nh mt ng t; sn mi);
hoc c th su hn i vi kt cu c chiu dy ln (nh tng chn t). Ct thp c th
i qua khe ny. B rng b ca vt ct khong 1 cm. C th xm hoc khng xm ma tt
vo vt ct tu theo yu cu ca khe.
Tu theo yu cu k thut ca khe v m quan ca kt cu, vt ct b tng khe co c th
dt 1 mt (nh i vi sn) hoc 2 mt (nh i vi tng) ca kt cu.

c/ i vi cc khe dn sn hoc tng c yu cu ngn nc cao th t pha c
ngun nc cn c cc chi tit ngn nc thm qua khe (nh dng mng chn n
hi dn ln trn khe, dng bng cch nc.v.v..). Khi cn c lp lt hoc lp vt
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Matt bitum Lp lt
Bng n hi cch nc
Matt polyurethane Tm xp chn khe
Hnh 5- S khe dn c nhu cu ngn nc cao
a) b)
liu khc pha trn kt cu (th d lp b tng chng thm nm trn sn mi) th
v tr khe cn phi c duy tr xuyn sut lp vt liu ny (Hnh 5).










6.2.3 Nguyn tc t khe co dn nhit m
Khe co dn nhit m c t theo quy nh ca TCVN 5718:1993. Ngoi ra
cn thc hin nhng yu cu v ch dn di y:
a/ Khe dn c t ti cc v tr nhm to iu kin kt cu b tng d dng
chuyn dch u mt ti khe khi b bin dng co n theo thi tit. Khe dn thng
c kt hp ti cc v tr kt cu c dm hoc ct chu lc.
Khe dn thng c t ti cc v tr nh sau :
Cc v tr ct ngn kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp (mi nh, tng nh, ng
t, sn bi.v.v... (Hnh 6a)
Cc nc nh mi dc bng b tng ct thp (Hnh 6a)
Cc v tr tip gip tng nh cao vi mi nh thp (Hnh 6a)
Cc v tr tip gip vi kt cu xuyn qua mi (Hnh 6b)
Ni tip gip b tng chng thm mi vi tng chn mi (Hnh 6d)
Ni tip gip mt ng t vi va h ph v cc v tr b chn dn n khc
(Hnh 6e)

b/ Khe co c t ti cc v tr to cho kt cu c th pht sinh vt nt ch ng
gii to ng sut do bin dng co n theo thi tit.
Khe co thng c t nhng v tr nh sau :
Ct ngn chiu di b tng ng t (Hnh 7a), sn bi;
Ct ngn cc mi ht ( vng) qu di (Hnh 7b);
Ct ngn cc mng nc (s n) qu di (Hnh 7c);
Gc cc s n (Hnh 7c);
Ct ngn tng b tng qu di (Hnh 7d);
Ct cc mi dc b tng qu di hoc cc kt cu mi dng siu tnh (Hnh 7e).
Gia cao cc vm b tng ct thp (Hnh 7f)

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Hnh 6- S v tr t khe dn trn kt cu





















c/ Khong cch khe co dn nhit m: i vi kt cu c mt thong ln, chu tc
ng ca kh hu nn dt khong cch ti a nh sau :
i vi khe dn :
L
max
= (69)m - Kt cu b tng khng ct thp hoc c ct thp cu to
chu tc ng trc tip ca kh hu ( B tng chng thm mi, ng t, sn bi
vv...).
Lmax = 18m - Kt cu b tng khng ct thp hoc c thp cu to, c che
chn bi bc x mt tri ( Lp b tng chng thm mi c chng nng pha trn
vv...).
L
max
= 35m - Kt cu b tng ct thp chu tc ng trc tip ca bc x mt
tri.
L
max
= 50m - Kt cu b tng ct thp c che chn bi bc x mt tri
(nh sn, mi c chng nng; tng trong nh; tng hm vv...
i vi khe co :
l
max
= (69)m - Cho mi kt cu b tng ct thp chu tc ng trc tip
ca kh hu.
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Khe co
e)

h
/
2

h
/
2

f)
L
max
= 1/2 chiu cao vm - Kt cu mi dng vm b tng ct thp. (i vi
cc kt cu v c khu ln v tr t khe co cn c tnh ton c th quyt
nh).














Khe co
Hnh 7 - S v tr t khe co
Khe co Khe dn n
a) b)
69m 69m
6

9
m
c)
d)
Sn mi BTCT
Lp cch nhit mi
Tng BTCT
6

9m
6
9
m
Khe co
Khe co
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6.2.4 Thi cng khe co dn nhit m
a/ Khe dn
Khe dn c thi cng trnh t nh sau (Hnh 8):
- Ct 2 tm xp trng (polystyrene) c khi lng th tch khng qu 20 kg/m
3
,
c kh nng n hi. Mt tm c chiu dy bng chiu rng b ca khe dn n,
chiu cao bng chiu dy kt cu b tng tr i chiu cao h ca lp ma tt xm khe.
Tm kia cng cng chiu dy, nhng chiu cao bng chiu cao h ca lp ma tt
xm khe.
- Dng cp pha thng thng chn ti khe dn n ri b tng.
- Sau khong (2030)ph nhc cp pha chn khe ra. t cc tm xp chun b
vo v tr khe dn n. Tm ln t di, tm nh t trn. b tng tip phn kt
cu bn kia.
- Khi b tng kt rn th ph b tm xp pha trn, tm di li. Sau
dng ma tt xm khe xm vo phn trng pha trn ca khe, ta c mt khe dn.
C th dng cc matt xm khe gc polyurethane (xm lnh) hoc gc nha
ng (xm nng). Ma tt c xm khi mt b tng khe ang trng thi kh t
nhin.

- Bo v matt xm khe khi nhng tc ng c hc khi cha kt rn, v trnh
tc ng trc tip ca bc x mt tri trong sut qu trnh s dng ca khe.










b/ Khe co
Khe co c thi cng trnh t nh sau :
- b tng bnh thng trn ngp khe co.
- Dng 1 thanh g hoc kim loi hnh thang hoc hnh tam gic, kch thc tit din
khong (13) cm, t ngay ln mt b tng, to thnh mt khe lm theo v tr khe co
(Hnh 9a).
- Khi b tng kt rn th nhc thanh g ra, ta c 1 khe lm b tng nh d
kin.
Hnh 8- Cu to khe dn sau thi cng.

Matt xm khe
Tm xp
b
h
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a) b)

Thanh g
Matt xm khe
- Cng c th b tng bnh thng, sau ny dng ca ct b mt b tng thnh
cc khe co khi b tng c cng . T l h/b (chiu cao trn chiu rng) ca
phn khe xm c th ly 1/1 hoc 1,5/1.
- Xm matt vo b tr lm b tng ta c mt khe co (Hnh 9b). Dng ma tt xm khe
nh i vi khe dn n.



- Bo v matt xm khe khi nhng tc ng c hc khi cha kt rn v trnh tc ng
trc tip ca bc x mt tri trong sut qu trnh lm vic ca khe.
Ch thch : Vt nt ch ng c th xut hin pha di lp matt xm ca khe
co.










c/ i vi cc khe dn c chc nng ngn nc cao th vic thi cng cc tm ngn
nc phia trn khe s c thc hin theo ch dn ring ca thit k.
7 Cng tc kim tra
Trong qu trnh thi cng b tng theo quy nh v hng dn ca quy phm ny,
ngoi vic bn thi cng t kim tra, ch u t cn t chc kim tra cht lng kp
thi theo tng cng on thi cng. Ch u t c th trc tip kim tra hoc yu
cu bn th 3 thc hin vic ny (bn gim st cht lng). kin ca bn kim tra
cn c lp thnh bin bn hoc ghi vo s nht k thi cng.
Nhng vic cn kim tra gm c:
- Bin php thi cng - c hay khng c bin php thi cng, bin php t yu
cu cha,
- B tng : Kim tra st, hm lng Vh, cng b tng.
- Thit b m, ch m, thi im m li.
- Ngun nc bo dng b tng v cc vt liu ph m.
- Quy trnh bo dng b tng, 2 giai on bo dng.
-S xut hin vt nt mt trong nhng gi u ng rn b tng. C hay khng
c, s lng vt nt, mt , chiu di v su vt nt nu c.
Hnh 9- Cu ti khe co trong v sau thi cng.
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- S xut hin vt nt trc v sau tui 28 ngy ca b tng. C hay khng c. S
lng, mt , quy m vt nt nu c.
- S lng khe co dn nhit m. V tr cc khe .
- Cu to khe v cht lng thi cng khe co dn nhit m : t ng v tr, cu
to cc lp , tnh trng ct thp i qua cc khe, tnh trng cc khe b chn lp bi
cc vt liu khc (, si, b tng ri vi.v.v...)
- Cht lng che chn bo v cc khe co dn nhit m.
- Thc hin kim tra ban u ton b kt cu.
- Theo di s lm vic ca khe co dn nhit m sau 1 nm.


8- Ghi chp v lu gi h s
8.1 Mi din bin trong qu trnh thi cng cn c ghi chp vo bn v thit k
hoc s nht k thi cng cng trnh.
8.2 Cc h s ti liu sau y cn c ch u t lu gi lu di :
- Bn v thit k v nhng thay i thit k trong qu trnh thi cng.
- Bn v hon cng.
- Cc bin bn kim tra cht lng.
- S nht k thi cng.
- Cc vn bn quan h gia cc bn trong thi cng.





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mc lc
Trang
1- Phm vi p dng 3
2- Tiu chun vin dn
3
3- Thut ng- nh ngha 3
4- Yu cu chng nt i vi kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp
4
5- Quy trnh thi cng phng chng nt b tng 4
5.1 Nguyn tc chung. 4
5.2 Thit k thnh phn b tng 4
5.3 Bo v hn hp b tng 5
5.4 m b tng 5
5.5 Bin php phng chng nt mt trong nhng gi u ng rn
6
6- Bin php phng chng nt kt cu b tng pht sinh
trong qu trnh ng rn 9
6.1 Nguyn tc chung 9
6.2 t khe co dn nhit m i vi kt cu b tng ct thp 10
7- Cng tc kim tra 15
8- Ghi chp v lu gi h s.
16