4.

1 Amplifier Fundamentals
B-004-01-01
A circuit designed to increase the level of its input signal is
called:
a. an amplifier
b. a modulator
c. an oscillator
d. a receiver
B-004-01-02
If an amplifier becomes non- linear, the output signal ould:
a. become distorted
b. be saturated
c. cause oscillations
d. overload the poer suppl!
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#o increase the level of ver! ea$ radio signals from an
antenna, !ou ould use:
a. an %& oscillator
b. an audio oscillator
c. an RF amplifier
d. an audio amplifier
B-004-01-04
#o increase the level of ver! ea$ signals from a microphone
!ou ould use:
a. an %& oscillator
b. an %& amplifier
c. an audio amplifier
d. an audio oscillator
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#he range of fre(uencies to be amplified b! a speech amplifier
is t!picall!:
a. " to "00 )*
b. "00 to 1000 )*
c. 40 to 40 000 )*
d. 300 to 3400 Hz
B-004-01-0+
,hich of the folloing is not amplified b! an amplifier-
current
a. resistance
b. poer
c. voltage
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#he increase in signal level b! an amplifier is called:
a. attenuation
b. amplitude
c. modulation
d. gain
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A device ith gain has the propert! of:
a. attenuation
b. oscillation
c. modulation
d. amplification
B-004-01-00
A device labelled 12ain 3 10 dB1 is li$el! to be an:
a. attenuator
b. oscillator
c. audio fader
d. amplifier
B-004-01-10
Amplifiers can amplif!:
a. current, poer, or inductance
b. voltage, current, or power
c. voltage, poer, or inductance
d. voltage, current, or inductance
B-004-01-11
,hich of the folloing is not a propert! of an amplifier-
a. gain
b. linearit!
c. distortion
d. loss
4. !iodes
B-004-02-01
4ener diodes are used as:
a. current regulators
b. voltage regulators
c. %& detectors
d. A& detectors
B-004-02-02
5ne important application for diodes is recovering information
from transmitted signals. #his is referred to as:
a. regeneration
b. ioni*ation
c. biasing
d. demodulation
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#he primar! purpose of a 4ener diode is to:
a. provide a voltage phase shift
b. regulate or maintain a constant voltage
c. to boost the poer suppl! voltage
d. provide a path through hich current can flo
B-004-02-04
#he action of changing alternating current to direct current is
called:
a. amplification
b. rectification
c. transformation
d. modulation
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#he electrodes of a semi- conductor diode are $non as:
a. gate and source
b. anode and cat"ode
c. collector and base
d. cathode and drain
B-004-02-0+
If alternating current is applied to the anode of a diode, hat
ould !ou e6pect to see at the cathode-
a. 7o signal
b. 8tead! direct current
c. #ulsating direct current
d. 9ulsating alternating current
B-004-02-0.
In a semi-conductor diode, electrons flo from:
a. anode to cathode
b. cathode to grid
c. grid to anode
d. cat"ode to anode
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,hat semi-conductor device glos red, !ello, or green,
depending upon its chemical composition-
a. A lig"t$emitting diode
b. A fluorescent bulb
c. A neon bulb
d. A vacuum diode
B-004-02-00
:oltage regulation is the principal application of the:
a. ;unction diode
b. light-emitting diode
c. vacuum diode
d. %ener diode
B-004-02-10
In order for a diode to conduct, it must be:
a. close coupled
b. forward$biased
c. enhanced
d. reverse-biased
4.3 &ipolar 'ransistors
B-004-0"-01
,hich component can amplif! a small signal using lo
voltages-
a. A variable resistor
b. An electrol(tic capacitor
c. A multiple-cell batter!
d. A 979 transistor
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#he basic semi-conductor amplif!ing device is the:
a. tube
b. 9-7 ;unction
c. transistor
d. diode
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#he three leads from a 979 transistor are named:
a. drain, base and source
b. collector, emitter and base
c. collector, source and drain
d. gate, source and drain
B-004-0"-04
If a lo level signal is placed at the input to a transistor, a
higher level of signal is produced at the output lead. #his
effect is $no as:
a. detection
b. modulation
c. rectification
d. amplification
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Bipolar transistors usuall! have:
a. 2 leads
b. 3 leads
c. 1 lead
d. 4 leads
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A semi-conductor is described as a 1general purpose audio
797 device1. #his ould be:
a. a bipolar transistor
b. a silicon diode
c. a triode
d. an audio detector
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#he to basic t!pes of bipolar transistors are:
a. diode and triode t!pes
b. )#) and #)# t(pes
c. varicap and *ener t!pes
d. 9 and 7 channel t!pes
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A transistor can be destro!ed in a circuit b!:
a. e*cessive "eat
b. e6cessive light
c. saturation
d. cut-off
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In a bipolar transistor, the <<<<<<< compares closest to the
control grid of a triode vacuum tube.
a. emitter
b. base
c. source
d. collector
B-004-0"-10
In a bipolar transistor, the <<<<<<< compares closest to the
plate of a triode vacuum tube.
a. gate
b. emitter
c. collector
d. base
B-004-0"-11
In a bipolar transistor, the <<<<<<< compares closest to the
cathode of a triode vacuum tube.
a. collector
b. base
c. drain
d. emitter
4.4 Field$effect 'ransistors
B-004-04-01
#he to basic t!pes of field effect transistors =&>#? are:
a. 797 and 979
b. germanium and silicon
c. inductive and capacitive
d. ) and # c"annel
B-004-04-02
A semi-conductor having its leads labeled gate, drain, and
source is best described as a:
a. gated transistor
b. field$effect transistor
c. bipolar transistor
d. silicon diode
B-004-04-0"
In a field effect transistor, the <<<<<<< is the terminal that
controls the conductance of the channel.
a. gate
b. drain
c. source
d. collector
B-004-04-04
In a field effect transistor, the <<<<<<< is the terminal here
the charge carriers enter the channel.
a. source
b. gate
c. drain
d. emitter
B-004-04-0'
In a field effect transistor, the <<<<<<< is the terminal here
the charge carriers leave the channel.
a. collector
b. source
c. drain
d. gate
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,hich semi-conductor device has characteristics most similar
to a triode vacuum tube-
a. @unction diode
b. 4ener diode
c. Field effect transistor
d. Bipolar transistor
B-004-04-0.
#he control element in the field effect transistor is the:
a. gate
b. source
c. drain
d. base
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If !ou ish to reduce the current floing in a field effect
transistor, !ou could:
a. increase t"e reverse bias voltage
b. decrease the reverse bias voltage
c. increase the forard bias voltage
d. increase the forard bias gain
B-004-04-00
#he source of a field effect transistor corresponds to the
<<<<<<< of a bipolar transistor.
a. base
b. emitter
c. drain
d. collector
B-004-04-10
#he drain of a field effect transistor corresponds to the
<<<<<<< of a bipolar transistor.
a. base
b. collector
c. source
d. emitter
B-004-04-11
,hich to elements in a field effect transistor e6hibit fairl!
similar characteristics-
a. 8ource and gate
b. 2ate and drain
c. 8ource and base
d. +ource and drain
4., 'iode -acuum 'ubes
B-004-0'-01
,hat is one reason a triode vacuum tube might be used
instead of a transistor in a circuit-
It uses less current
It ma! be able to handle higher poer
It is much smaller
It uses loer voltages
B-004-0'-02
,hich component can amplif! a small signal but must use
high voltages-
A vacuum tube
A transistor
An electrol!tic capacitor
A multiple-cell batter!
B-004-0'-0"
A feature common to tubes and transistors is that both:
have electrons drifting through a vacuum
can amplif! signals
convert electrical energ! to radio aves
use heat to cause electron movement
B-004-0'-04
In a vacuum tube, the electrode that is operated ith the
highest positive potential is the <<<<<<<.
filament =heater?
plate
cathode
grid
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In a vacuum tube, the electrode that is usuall! a c!linder of
ire mesh is the <<<<<<<.
filament =heater?
grid
cathode
plate
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In a vacuum tube, the element that is furthest aa! from the
plate is the <<<<<<<.
grid
emitter
cathode
filament =heater?
B-004-0'-0.
In a vacuum tube, the electrode that emits electrons is the
<<<<<<<.
cathode
grid
collector
plate
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,hat is inside the envelope of a triode tube-
argon
a vacuum
air
neon
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)o man! grids are there in a triode vacuum tube-
to
three
three plus a filament
one
B-004-0'-10
If !ou do not ish to have current floing in the grid circuit of
a vacuum tube, the grid should be:
positive ith respect to the anode
negative ith respect to the cathode
positive ith respect to both cathode and anode
positive ith respect to the cathode
B-004-0'-11
#he negative AB control voltage applied to the control grid of
a vacuum tube is called:
suppression voltage
bias voltage
repulsion voltage
e6citation voltage
4.. Resistor /olor /odes
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)o do !ou find a resistorCs tolerance rating-
B! using #heveninCs theorem for resistors
B! reading the resistorCs color code
B! reading its Baudot code
B! using a voltmeter
B-004-0+-02
,hat do the first three-color bands on a resistor indicate-
#he resistance material
#he poer rating in atts
#he value of the resistor in ohms
#he resistance tolerance in percent
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,hat does the fourth color band on a resistor mean-
#he value of the resistor in ohms
#he poer rating in atts
#he resistance material
#he resistance tolerance in percent
B-004-0+-04
,hat are the possible values of a 100 ohm resistor ith a
10D tolerance-
00 to 110 ohms
00 to 100 ohms
10 to 100 ohms
/0 to 120 ohms
B-004-0+-0'
)o do !ou find a resistorCs value-
B! using the resistorCs color code
B! using a voltmeter
B! using #heveninCs theorem for resistors
B! using the Baudot code
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,hich tolerance rating ould a high(ualit! resistor have-
'D
10D
20D
0.1D
B-004-0+-0.
,hich tolerance rating ould a lo(ualit! resistor have-
20D
0.1D
'D
10D
B-004-0+-0/
If a carbon resistorCs temperature is increased, hat ill
happen to the resistance-
It ill sta! the same
It ill change depending on the resistorCs temperature
coefficient rating
It ill become time dependent
It ill increase b! 20D for ever! 10 degrees centigrade
B-004-0+-00
A gold band on a resistor indicates the tolerance is:
20D
10D
'D
1D
B-004-0+-10
A resistor ith a colour code of bron, blac$, and red, ould
have a value of:
1000 ohms
100 ohms
10 ohms
10 000 ohms
B-004-0+-11
A resistor is mar$ed ith the colors red, violet and !ello.
#his resistor has a value of:
2.4
.2 $
2. E
2.0 $
'.2 Basic Boncepts
9ractice
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7ame three good electrical conductors.
2old, silver, ood
2old, silver, aluminum
Bopper, aluminum, paper
Bopper, gold, mica
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7ame four good electrical insulators.
9lastic, rubber, ood, carbon
9aper, glass, air, aluminum
2lass, air, plastic, porcelain
2lass, ood, copper, porcelain
B-00'-02-0"
,h! do resistors sometimes get hot hen in use-
#heir reactance ma$es them heat up
)otter circuit components nearb! heat them up
#he! absorb magnetic energ! hich ma$es them hot
8ome electrical energ! passing through them is lost as heat
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,hat is the best conductor among the folloing materials-
carbon
silicon
aluminium
copper
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#he material listed, hich ill most readil! allo an electric
current to flo, is called-
a conductor
an insulator
a resistor
a dielectric
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A length of metal is connected in a circuit and is found to
conduct electricit! ver! ell. It ould be best described as
having a:
high resistance
high attage
lo attage
lo resistance
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#he letter 1%1 is the s!mbol for:
impedance
resistance
reluctance
reactance
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#he reciprocal of resistance is:
conductance
reactance
reluctance
permeabilit!
B-00'-02-00
:oltage drop means:
voltage developed across the terminals of a component
an! point in a radio circuit hich has *ero voltage
difference in voltage at output terminals of a transformer
the voltage hich is dissipated before useful or$ is
accomplished
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#he resistance of a conductor changes ith:
voltage
temperature
current
humidit!
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#he most common material used to ma$e a resistor is:
carbon
gold
mica
lead
'." Bircuits
9ractice
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,hat is the ord used to describe ho fast electrical energ!
is used-
Burrent
9oer
:oltage
%esistance
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If !ou have light bulbs mar$ed 40 atts, +0 atts and 100
atts, hich one ill use electrical energ! the fastest-
#he! ill all be the same
#he 40 att bulb
#he 100 att bulb
#he +0 att bulb
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,hat is the basic unit of electrical poer-
#he ampere
#he volt
#he att
#he ohm
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,hich electrical circuit ill have no current-
A short circuit
An open circuit
A complete circuit
A closed circuit
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,hich electrical circuit uses too much current-
A dead circuit
A short circuit
A closed circuit
An open circuit
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9oer is e6pressed in:
volts
amperes
atts
ohms
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,hich of the folloing to (uantities should be multiplied
together to find poer-
Inductance and capacitance
:oltage and inductance
:oltage and current
%esistance and capacitance
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,hich to electrical units multiplied together give the unit
1atts1-
:olts and farads
&arads and henr!s
Amperes and henr!s
:olts and amperes
B-00'-0"-00
A resistor in a circuit becomes ver! hot and starts to burn.
#his is because the resistor is dissipating too much:
voltage
resistance
current
poer
B-00'-0"-10
)igh poer resistors are usuall! large ith heav! leads. #he
si*e aids the operation of the resistor b!:
alloing higher voltage to be handled
increasing the effective resistance of the resistor
alloing heat to dissipate more readil!
ma$ing it shoc$ proof
B-00'-0"-11
#he resistor that could dissipate the most heat ould be
mar$ed:
100 ohms
2 ohms
20 atts
0.' att
'.4 5hmCs la
:I%
9ractice
B-00'-04-01
If a current of 2 amperes flos through a '0-ohm resistor,
hat is the voltage across the resistor-
4/ volts
'2 volts
100 volts
2' volts
B-00'-04-02
)o is the current in a AB circuit calculated hen the voltage
and resistance are $non-
Burrent e(uals voltage divided b! resistance
Burrent e(uals resistance multiplied b! voltage
Burrent e(uals resistance divided b! voltage
Burrent e(uals poer divided b! voltage
B-00'-04-0"
)o is the resistance in a AB circuit calculated hen the
voltage and current are $non-
%esistance e(uals current multiplied b! voltage
%esistance e(uals voltage divided b! current
%esistance e(uals poer divided b! voltage
%esistance e(uals current divided b! voltage
B-00'-04-04
)o is the voltage in a AB circuit calculated hen the current
and resistance are $non-
:oltage e(uals current divided b! resistance
:oltage e(uals resistance divided b! current
:oltage e(uals poer divided b! current
:oltage e(uals current multiplied b! resistance
B-00'-04-0'
If a 12-volt batter! supplies 0.2' ampere to a circuit, hat is
the circuitCs resistance-
" ohms
4/ ohms
12 ohms
0.2' ohm
B-00'-04-0+
Balculate the value of resistance necessar! to drop 100 volts
ith current flo of ./ milliamperes:
12' $ilohms
12' ohms
12'0 ohms
1.2' $ilohms
B-00'-04-0.
#he voltage re(uired to force a current of 4.4 amperes
through a resistance of '0 ohms is:
220 volts
2220 volts
22.0 volts
0.220 volt
B-00'-04-0/
A lamp has a resistance of "0 ohms and a + volt batter! is
connected. #he current flo ill be:
2 amperes
0.' ampere
0.00' ampere
0.2 ampere
B-00'-04-00
,hat voltage ould be needed to suppl! a current of 200 mA,
to operate an electric lamp hich has a resistance of 2'
ohms-
' volts
/ volts
1.' volts
22' volts
B-00'-04-10
#he resistance of a circuit can be found b! using one of the
folloing:
% 3 >FI
% 3 IF>
% 3 >F%
% 3 > G I
B-00'-04-11
If a " volt batter! supplies "00 mA to a circuit, the circuit
resistance is:
10 ohms
0 ohms
' ohms
" ohms
'.' 8eries and 9arallel %esistors
9ractice
B-00'-0'-01
In a parallel circuit ith a voltage source and several branch
resistors, ho is the total current related to the current in the
branch resistors-
It e(uals the sum of the branch current through each resistor
It e(uals the average of the branch current through each
resistor
It decreases as more parallel resistors are added to the circuit
It is the sum of each resistorCs voltage drop multiplied b! the
total number ofresistors
B-00'-0'-02
A + volt batter! is connected across three resistances of
connected in parallel.
#he current through the 10 ohms, 1' ohms and 20 ohms
separate resistances, hen added together, e(uals the total
current dran from the batter!
#he current floing through the 10 ohm resistance is less
than that floing through the 20 ohm resistance
#he voltage drop across each resistance added together
e(uals + volts
#he voltage drop across the 20 ohm resistance is greater than
the voltage across the 10 ohm resistance
B-00'-0'-0"
#otal resistance in a parallel circuit:
is ala!s less than the smallest resistance
depends upon the I% drop across each branch
could be e(ual to the resistance of one branch
depends upon the applied voltage
B-00'-0'-04
#o resistors are connected in paralle and are connected
across a 40 volt batter!. If each resistor is 1000 ohms, the
total current is:
/0 milliamperes
40 milliamperes
/0 amperes
40 amperes
B-00'-0'-0'
#he total resistance of resistors connected in series is:
greater than the resistance of an! one resistor
less than the resistance of an! one resistor
e(ual to the highest resistance present
e(ual to the loest resistance present
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&ive 10 ohm resistors connected in series e(uals:
'0 ohms
' ohms
10 ohms
1 ohm
B-00'-0'-0.
,hich series combination of resistors ould replace a single
120 ohm resistor-
si6 22 ohm
to +2 ohm
five 100 ohm
five 24 ohm
B-00'-0'-0/
If ten resistors of e(ual value ere ired in parallel, the total
resistance ould be:
10 F %
% F 10
10 6 %
10 H %
B-00'-0'-00
#he total resistance of four +/ ohm resistors ired in parallel
is:
12 ohms
"4 ohms
2.2 ohms
1. ohms
B-00'-0'-10
#o resistors are in parallel. %esistor A carries tice the
current of resistor B, hich means that:
the voltage across B is tice that across A
the voltage across A is tice that across B
A has half the resistance of B
B has half the resistance of A
B-00'-0'-11
#he total current in a parallel circuit is e(ual to the:
source voltage divided b! the value of one of the resistive
elements
sum of the currents through all the parallel branches
source voltage divided b! the sum of the resistive elements
current in an! one of the parallel branches
'.+ 9oer la, %esister 9oer Aisipation
9ractice
B-00'-0+-01
,h! ould a large si*e resistor be used instead of a smaller
one of the same resistance-
&or better response time
&or a higher current gain
&or less impedance in the circuit
&or greater poer dissipation
B-00'-0+-02
)o man! atts of electrical poer are used b! a 12-:AB
light bulb that dras 0.2 ampere-
2.4 atts
+0 atts
24 atts
+ atts
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#he AB input poer of a transmitter operating at 12 volts and
draing '00 milliamps ould be:
20 atts
+ atts
'00 atts
12 atts
B-00'-0+-04
,hen to '00 ohm 1 att resistors are connected in series,
the ma6imum total poer that can be dissipated b! the
resistors is:
1 att
2 atts
1F2 att
4 atts
B-00'-0+-0'
,hen to '00 ohm 1 att resistors are connected in parallel,
the! can dissipate a ma6imum total poer of:
1F2 att
1 att
2 atts
4 atts
B-00'-0+-0+
If the voltage applied to to resistors in series is doubled,
ho much ill the total poer change-
increase four times
decrease to half
double
no change
B-00'-0+-0.
If the poer is '00 atts and the resistance is 20 ohms, the
current is:
2.' amps
10 amps
2' amps
' amps
B-00'-0+-0/
A 12 volt light bulb is rated at a poer of "0 atts. #he
current dran ould be:
"0F12 amps
1/ amps
"+0 amps
12F"0 amps
B-00'-0+-00
If to 10 ohm resistors are connected in series ith a 10 volt
batter!, the poer consumption ould be:
' atts
10 atts
20 atts
100 atts
B-00'-0+-10
5ne advantage of replacing a '0 ohm resistor ith a parallel
combination of to similarl! rated 100 ohm resistors is that
the parallel combination ill have:
the same resistance but lesser poer rating
greater resistance and similar poer rating
the same resistance but greater poer rating
lesser resistance and similar poer rating
B-00'-0+-11
%esistor attage ratings are:
calculated according to ph!sical si*e
e6pressed in ;oules per second
determined b! heat dissipation (ualities
variable in steps of one hundred