Chemistry

Paper 2
2 hours & 30 Minutes
Name________________________________

Grade__________________

READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY

1. This paper consists of two (2) sections A and B. Answer ALL questions in each
section.
2. You must use this paper when responding to the structured questions. For each
question, write your answer in the space provided and return the paper at the end
of the examination. Folder leaves will be provided to answer the essay questions
in section B
3. Where appropriate, ALL WORKING MUST BE SHOWN on this paper.
4. The use of non-programmable calculators is allowed.

SECTION A 60 Marks
1. The decomposition of ammonium chloride is a reversible reaction.
NH4Cl(s)

NH3(g) + HCl(g)

(a) How is this reaction made to go in the forward direction?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
(1 mark)
(b) Concentrated hydrochloric acid gives off hydrogen chloride gas.
Concentrated ammonia solution gives off ammonia gas.
An experiment is set up.

After a few minutes a white solid forms inside the tube. The solid forms when
ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas.

(i) Name the process by which the ammonia and hydrogen chloride particles move
inside the tube.

______________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(ii) What is the white solid that forms inside the tube?
_______________________________________________________________________
_
(1 mark)
(iii) What does the position of the white solid tell you about the relative speeds at
which the ammonia and hydrogen chloride particles move?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__
(1 mark)
(iv) The experiment is repeated with a strip of damp red litmus paper placed along the
inside of the tube.

State the colour of the litmus paper at A and B when the white solid forms.
A
_______________________________________________________________________
_
B
_______________________________________________________________________
_
(2 marks)
Total 6
marks

b. You went into the classroom and found four stoppered bottles containing colourless
solutions. The labels were found on the floor next to the bottles and were marked: dilute
sulphuric acid, sodium carbonate solution, calcium hydroxide solution and distilled
water. If you were handed a packet of blue litmus paper a rack of test tubes, explain how
you would determine which bottle contained
a. Dilute sulphuric acid
b. sodium carbonate solution
c. calcium hydroxide solution
d. Distilled water
Give details of the test that you would conduct and write balanced equations for chemical
reactions you expect to take place.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________
(9 marks)

2. Figure 2 represents a part of the periodic table showing the location of fluorine
(F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At)
H

He
9

17

Cl

35

Br

53

85

At

Figure 2: Part of the periodic table

(a) Identify the group in the periodic table in which fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl),
bromine (Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At) are placed. Give ONE reason for your
answer.
Group: ___________________________________________________________
Reason: __________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(b) Figure 3 represents the experimental set up used by a group of students who are
investigating the reactivity of halogens.

What would the students observe when they conduct the experiment represented in
Figure 3? Illustrate your answer by means of an equation.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
___
(3 marks)

(c) Two compounds of Elements X and Y undergo the reactions recorded in Table 3.
Study the information carefully and answer the questions that follow.
TABLE 3: REACTIONS OF COMPOUNDS OF ELEMENTS X AND Y
Action of
Dilute acid on solids

Heat on Solid
Strip of magnesium added
to an aqueous solution of
compound
(i)

Compound of Element X
Vigorous reaction to
produce a gas which forms
a white precipitate with
aqueous calcium hydroxide
No visible change
No visible change

Compound of Element Y
Dissolves to form a blue
solution
Forms a black solid and a
brown gas evolved.
Magnesium dissolves. A
black reddish brown solid is
precipitated

Deduce whether X and Y are metals or nonmetals.

X is ___________________________________
Y is ___________________________________
(2 marks)

(ii)

Based on your answer to (c) (i) above, describe the bonding in Element Y.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
___
(2 marks)

(iii)

Predict the type of bond that would be formed between X and oxygen. Give a
reason for your answer.
Type of bonding:_________________________________________________
Reason:________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__
(2 marks)

(iv)

Based on the information given in table 3, arrange the elements Mg, X and Y
in order of decreasing activity. Explain your answer.
Order of activity (most reactive first):__________________________
Explanation:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
___
(4 marks)
Total 15 marks

3. Table 4 shows some of the physical properties of magnesium, iodine and chlorine.
Study the table and use the information to answer the questions that follow.
TABLE 4: SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM, IODINE, CHLORINE

Element

Melting Point / oC

Electrical
Conductivity

Physical State at
Room Temperature

650

Conductor

Solid

114

Non-conductor

Solid

-101

Non-conductor

Solid

Magnesium
24

Mg
12
Iodine
127
53

Chlorine
35
17

Cl

(a) Explain why the melting point of magnesium is higher than that of iodine,
although they are both solids.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_______
(4 marks)
(b) Chlorine and iodine are in the same group of the periodic table. Yet their physical
states are different at room temperature. Explain this difference in physical state.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____
(2 marks)
(c) Magnesium combines with chlorine to form magnesium chloride.
(i)

What type of bonding would you expect to be formed when

magnesium combines with chlorine?
_________________________________________________________________
_
(1 mark)

(ii)

By using a suitable diagram, show how these two elements combine to

form magnesium chloride.

(3 marks)
(d) Explain why magnesium chloride conducts electricity when molten but NOT
when solid.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____
(2 marks)
(e) Iodine and chlorine both belong to group VII of the periodic table. They combine
to form iodine monochloride, ICl. Predict the type of bonding in iodine
monochloride. Illustrate your answer with a suitable diagram.
Type of bond:
_________________________________________________________________
_
Bonding diagram:

(3 marks)
Total 15 marks

4. Define EACH of the following terms:

(i) Amphoteric oxide
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___
(1 marks)
(ii) Acid Anhydride
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___
(2 marks)
a.

Describe appropriate chemical tests, the results of which could be used to determine
whether zinc oxide is amphoteric or whether it is an acid anhydride.
Chemicals Tests:

(i) To determine if Zinc oxide is amphoteric

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____
(ii) To determine if Zinc oxide is an acid anhydride
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____
(4 marks)
b. Distinguish between an acidic salt and a normal salt, giving ONE example of
EACH.
Normal Salt:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
___
Example of normal salt:
__________________________________________________________________
Acid Salt
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___

Example of an acid salt:

__________________________________________________________________
(4 marks)
(Total 15 marks)
SECTION B
1. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), which is used as an additive in soft drinks, can react
with sodium hydroxide to form both normal and acidic salts.
i. Define the term salt.
(2 marks)
ii. Describe a suitable test that could be used to distinguish between
normal salt and acidic salt
(4 marks)
iii. Excess consumption of soft drinks may lead to excess stomach
acid
a. How is this problem usually treated?
b. Explain the chemical principles upon which the
treatment you stated in (iii) a) above is based.

b.

c. Write an ionic equation for the reaction.

(4marks)
Starting with 1 M H2SO4 and 1 M NaOH as reagents, describe the procedure a
technician can use to prepare dry sample of each of the following:
i.
ii.

Na2SO4
NaHSO4

You should include in your answer all relevant equations and the principle upon which
your two preparations are based
(10 marks)
Total 20 Marks

2. You were asked to prepare a dry sample of hydrated copper (II) sulphate crystals,
starting with copper (II) oxide and 100 cm3 sulphuric acid of concentration 1.0
mol dm-3

a. Describe how, using the usual laboratory apparatus, you would prepare
this sample. Write an equation for the reaction occurring.
4 marks
b. In preparing samples of barium sulphate and zinc sulphate, discuss the
possibilities of using
i. Action of acid on the metal
ii. Titration using acid and alkali
9 marks

c. Giving full experimental details outline a suitable method for preparing a

sample of dry barium sulphate. Include in your answer
i. The reactions to be used
ii. A description of the method
iii. All relevant equations.
7 marks
Total 20 Marks
3. The following equation can be written for the preparation of zinc sulphate
crystals. The mixture produced had been filtered and some of the filtrate
evaporated until crystals started to forn.
ZnCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq)

ZnSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2

ZnSO4(aq) + 7H2O(l)

ZnSO4.7H2O(aq)

(a) The solid zinc carbonate was added to the warmed dilute sulphuric acid in a
beaker until excess. How do you know when there is no longer any unreacted
acid?
(b) What does ZnSO4.7H2O mean?
(c) What practical process is shown by the second reaction?
(d) Why it is necessary to filter after the reaction has stopped?
(e) Why is the filtrate obtained not evaporated to dryness?
(f) Would a similar method be suitable for the preparation of lead (II) sulphate.
Give reasons for your answer