Hardware and Software Interface For Luminescence Measurements

International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) volume 9 number 7 Mar 2014
ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page361

Hardware and Software Interface for Luminescence Measurements

Ajay Singh
1
, A. K. Gupta
2
, J . M. Keller
1
, P. K. Dubey
1

1
(Department of Postgraduate studies and Research in Physics and electronics, R.D. University,
Jabalpur-482001, State- Madhya Pradesh, INDIA)
2
(Department of Computer Center R. D. University Jabalpur 482001)
ABSTRACT : This Paper deal with the hardware and
software interface for the Luminescence measurements
Luminescence is one of the oldest know phenomenon, but
its systematic study started only between eighteenth and
nineteenth century. Luminescence is emission of light by a
substance not resulting from heat; it is thus a form of cold
body radiation it can be caused Electroluminescence or
Mechanoluminescence or Chemiluminescences. A lot of
experimental research works on Mechanoluminescence,
Electroluminescence, Chemiluminescence etc. materials is
being done in various laboratories. This investigation
provides fully automation of Luminescence measurements.

Keywords: Computer interfacing, Data Acquisition,
Electroluminescence, Emission of photons, Luminescence,
Light Interfacing.

I. INTRODUCTION
The present work, describes a high accuracy and high
precision high speed measurement setup for,
Electroluminescence and Mechanoluminescence with the
help of AVR Microcontroller based Data acquisition
Device. It provides a measurement rate of 1000 (one
thousand) Sample per second and measurement with
respect to other parameter like Frequency and Voltage in
case of Electroluminescence, and Height and Load in case
of Mechanoluminescence. It performs the conversion of
light emission in the formof Analog voltage which is then
converted into the digital voltage formand is processed for
USB Port. The Data of USB port is read by VB.net
Designed and Developed Software. This software interface
play an important role to communicate with AVR
Microcontroller based Data Acquisition Device. The
conventional ML and EL setup used in different
laboratories record luminescence emission manually.
Manual work always contains a man made mistake or error.
The proposed work is totally independent of the manual
work and therefore percentage of error would be almost
negligible. The observation will be error free because the
observation are read and saved by a computer with a high
speed and high accuracy, with the help of the proposed
designed and developed software interface.
The conventional setups required photomultiplier tube
which requires a very high voltage to perform the operation
or to convert the light into the electric current form,
however in designed and developed setup there is no need
of any photomultiplier tube or any high voltage. The above
task is performed by Silicon PIN Photodiodes, which
require very low voltage. Photodiode is very portable in
size as compare to photomultiplier tube and is of negligible
wait as compared to Photomultiplier tube.
One of the most and important achievement of the
designed and developed device is its sampling rate of
sampling one thousand sample/second, i.e. it provide 1000
sample observation or reading within one second, which is
impossible for exiting setup. Existing setup can perform for
one data or reading or one observation at a time.
One another achievement of the design and develop device
is that the wave formwith respect other parameters like
voltage, frequency, height, and load, can be draw at same
time of the observation or reading and obtained data can be
compare with other parameter and results can be analyze
with wave, Which is impossible for exiting setup.

II. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
The hardware section of the present investigation is the
Electroluminescence setup; the setup contains different
parts or different sections for the process for obtaining the
luminescence from the Phosphor. The designed and
developed device for Electroluminescence setup contains a
sinusoidal oscillator, a wide band high voltage amplifier,
light sensor, Voltage buffer, Analog to Digital Converter of
Microcontroller and Serial to USB Converter.



(A) Bloc Diagram of Electroluminescence Device: -
The block diagram of Electroluminescence device is shown
in figure 2.1

Figure 2.1 Block Diagram of Electroluminescence Device.
(i) Function Generator: - A function generator is usually
an electronic device which is used to generate different
types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of
frequencies. Some of the most common waveforms
produced by the function generator are the sine, square,
triangular and saw tooth shapes. These waveforms can be
either repetitive or single-shot. Although function
generators cover both audio and RF frequencies, in the
present investigation we have used the audio frequency
range.
(ii) Wide Band Amplifier: - A wide band amplifier is an
electronic device that increases the power of a signal. It
does this by taking energy from a power supply and
controlling the output to match the input signal shape but
with a large amplitude. In this sense, an amplifier
modulates the output of the power supply.
(iii) EL Cell: - The Electroluminescence cell is shown in
figure 2.2

Figure 2.2 Electroluminescence Cell.
The EL cell Consist of two plane parallel electrodes, one of
which should be transparent in order to see the
luminescence. Between the two electrodes a dielectric is
inserted; in the present case a mica sheet was utilized. The
electroluminescent powder is placed between the
transparent electrode and dielectric.
(iv) Light Sensor: - This is a very important part of the
setup. Light sensor converts the light emission of the
phosphor into the form of the voltage with respect to light
intensity. Thus when light intensity increases, the output
voltage of the sensor will increase and when intensity of
light decreases, the output of the sensor will decrease. The
image of the sensor is given in figure 2.3, it has the
dimension of 5.4x4.3x3.2 mm, and has the following
features: - radiant sensitive area (in mm2): 7.5, high photo
sensitivity, high radiant sensitivity, suitable for visible and
near infrared radiation, fast response times, angle of half
sensitivity: =65, Package type: leaded.

Figure 2.3 Sensor BPW34 Image.
The BPW34 is a tiny, general purpose PIN photodiode. The
cell is sensitive to a wide range of light wavelengths (430-
1100nm), hence it produces power in a number of different
settings. The rated open circuit voltage is 350mV (900nm,
1mW/cm2 light source), and the short circuit current is
47A.
Sensor BPW34 (Photo Diodes) can be used in either zero
bias or reverse bias. Diodes have extremely high resistance
when reverse biased. This resistance is reduced when light
of an appropriate frequency shines on the junction. Hence,
a reverse biased diode can be used as a light detector by
monitoring the current running through it. Coupled to a 10k
ohmresistor, and given the specification of the BPW34 a
simple relationship between Lux (light intensity) and
voltage is given by equation (1).
Lux = 1333 * V
o
(1)


The equivalent circuit diagramof BPW34 sensor is
represented in figure 2.4

Figure 2.4 Equivalent Circuit Diagramof BPW34 Sensor.
With the Deigned and Developed hardware, device can
read Analog Data from AINO and AINCOM terminal
points and the data can be sent to USB port of PC or
Laptop to measure this voltage, with the help of the Design
and Developed Software.
(v) Voltage Buffer: - Voltage buffer is connected with
BPW34 Light sensor of the pin number 3 of the non
inverting terminal of the LM358 operational Amplifier,
shown in figure 2.5.

Figure 2.5 Pin Layout of LM358 Operational Amplifier.
The LM358 is a 8 Pin Integrated circuit. It is a dual low
power operational amplifier which accepts two inputs one
is inverting and other is non inverting. Both of the pair of
inputs can be used at same time however in this designed
and developed circuit we have used only one operational
amplifier, as a voltage buffer. The schematic diagram of
Voltage buffer is shown in the figure 2.6

Figure 2.6 Schematic Diagramof LM358
The voltage follower with an ideal op amp gives simply
V
out
=V
in

But this turns out to be a very useful service, because the
input impedance of the op amp is very high, giving
effective isolation of the output from the signal source.
Thus very little power is drawn from the signal source,
avoiding "loading" effects. This circuit is a useful first
stage. The voltage follower is often used for the
construction of buffers for logic circuits. A buffer
amplifier or Voltage Buffer (sometimes simply called
a buffer) is one that provides electrical
impedance transformation fromone circuit to another. Two
main types of buffer exist: the voltage buffer and
the current buffer. A voltage buffer amplifier is used to
transfer a voltage froma first circuit, having a high output
impedance level, to a second circuit with a low input
impedance level. The interposed buffer amplifier prevents
the second circuit from loading the first circuit
unacceptably and interfering with its desired operation. In
the ideal voltage buffer in the diagram, the input resistance
is infinite, the output resistance zero (impedance of an ideal
voltage source is zero). Other properties of the ideal buffer
are: perfect linearity, regardless of signal amplitudes; and
instant output response, regardless of the speed of the input
signal.
(vi) ADC of Microcontroller: - The output of the voltage
buffer is the electrical quantity, voltage (analog signal). To
bring this quantity into digital domain we have to convert
this into digital form. For this an ADC or Analog to digital
converter is needed. Most modern MCU including AVRs
has an ADC on chip. An ADC converts an input voltage
into a number. A 10 Bit ADC has a range of 0-1023.
(2
10
=1024), The ADC also has a Reference voltage (ARef).
When input voltage is GND the output is 0 and when input
voltage is equal to ARef the output is 1023. So the input
range is 0-ARef and digital output is 0-1023. In the present
investigation we have used ATmega16 AVR
Microcontroller. The ADC needs a clock pulse to do its
conversion. This clock is generated by a systemclock by
dividing it to get a smaller frequency. The ADC requires a
frequency between 50 KHz to 200 KHz. At higher


frequency the conversion is fast while at lower frequency
the conversion is more accurate. As the systemfrequency
can be set to any desired value by the user (using internal or
externals oscillators)( In present investigation a 16MHz
crystal is used) hence the prescaler is provided to produce
acceptable frequency for ADC from any system clock
frequency. Systemclock can be divided by 2, 4, 16, 32, 64,
and 128 by setting the Prescaler.
(vii) Serial to USB Converter: - the output of the
ATmega16 microcontroller is connected to serial to USB
converter (ATmega8) microcontroller. The ATmega8
provides the following features: 8 Kilo bytes of In-System
programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities,
512 bytes of EEPROM, 1 Kilo bytes of SRAM, 23 general
purpose 1/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers,
three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes,
internal and external interrupts, a serial programmable
USART, a byte oriented two wire Serial interface, a 6-
channel ADC (8 channel in TQFP and QFN/MLF
packages) with 10-bit accuracy. The ADC Noise reduction
mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except
asynchronous timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise
during ADC conversions. In Standby mode; the
crystal/resonator Oscillator is functions while the rest of the
device remains non functioning or inactive. This allows
very fast start-up combined with low-power consumption.
The ATmega8 is supported with a full suite of
program and system development tools, including C
compilers, macro assemblers, program simulators, and
evaluation Kits.
(viii) USB of PC\Laptop:- When data is converted by
serial to USB Converter, converted Data reaches the USB
Port of Design and Developed Hardware, when a USB
cable is connected with the Device of PC or Laptop of USB
Port. Data is interfaced and read by software and stored in
PC or Laptop Memory.

(B) Description of Main Circuit Diagram: - The Main
Circuit diagramis shown in figure 2.7

Figure 2.7 Circuit Diagram of Deign and Developed
Electroluminescence Device.
The Design and developed circuit diagram is shown in
figure 2.7. In this circuit diagrama BPW34 light sensor is
used and connected with the non inverting input of Pin
number 3 of LM358 operational Amplifier. The output of
the operation Amplifier is obtained fromPin number 1 of
LM358, and is connected with ADCo of Port PAo of Pin
number 40 of Atmega16 Microcontroller. The pin
PDo(RXD) of Atmega16 is connected with PD1(TXD) of
Atmega8 microcontroller with 470 ohm resistance, and
PD1(TXD) of Atmega16 Microcontroller is connected with
PDo(RXD) of Atmega8 Microcontroller. A 16 mega hart
crystal is used with Atmega16 Microcontroller at Pin
number 12 and 13; a 12 mega heart crystal is used with
Atmega8 Microcontroller at pin number 9 and 10, for CPU
Clock frequency. The USB port is connected with Port D of
Pin number 4 and 5 of Atmega8 Microcontroller with USB
pin no 3 and 2 with 68 ohm resistance. Pin no 4 is grounded
and Pin number 1 is connected with VCC with LED for
Power Indication.
III. PROGRAMMING FOR AVR
MICROCONTROLLER (ATMEGA16):-

#include<avr/io.h>
#include<util/delay.h>
#include<avr/interrupt.h>
#include<compat/deprecated.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include"uart.h"
volatile char count;
ISR(TIMER0_OVF_vect)// interrupt on every 1ms
{


count++;
if(count==5)
{
discrete_volt();//PORTC^=(1<<PC1);//sending value on
every 1ms to the serial port
count=0;
}
}
int adcread(unsigned char channel)
{
ADMUX=0x40|channel;//channel selection and
reference selection for ADC
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADEN);//ADC enable
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADSC)|(1<<ADPS2)|(1<<ADPS
1)|(1<<ADPS0);//start conversion and prerescale
setting
while(!(ADCSRA&(1<<ADIF)));//wait while conversion is
not complete
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADIF);//set interrupt flag to one
return ADC;//return adc result
}

void discrete_volt(void) //fuction for sending the adc value
to the serial port
{
unsigned int val;
char buffer[15];
//float volt;
val=adcread(0);
//volt=0.00488*val;
sprintf(buffer,"val %4dn\r",val);
rsstr(buffer);
}
int main(void)
{
unsigned char x;
sbi(DDRC,0);
sbi(DDRC,1);
cbi(DDRB,0);
sbi(PORTB,0);
TCCR0=(1<<CS02);//timer prescaler
TIMSK=(1<<TOIE0);//interrupt enable pin
sei();
USART_INIT();//serial port inititialization
while(1)//for(;;)//infinite loop
{
x=rsreadchar();//function for reading char fromserial port
if(x==0x0D) //match the value ==0x0d(13) if true
rswritechar(0x0A);//sends acknowledgement to the vb
software
}
}

This programis compiling and converted in hex code and
write into ATmega16 microcontroller by programburner,
when programis burn in side the microcontroller is work
according to the program.

IV. Software Codes for Hardware Interface:-
.
Public Class Form1
Private Delegate Sub UpdateFormDelegate()
Private UpdateFormDelegate1 As UpdateFormDelegate
DimUSB_data() As UInt16
DimVerus_CAP As String
DimdataByts As New List(Of Byte)
DimdataLock As New Object
Dimdatarcvd As New Threading.AutoResetEvent(False)
Function getusb_data() As UInt16()
getusb_data =USB_data
End Function
Sub GetSerialPortNames()
' Show all available COM ports.
Form2.ComboBox1.Items.Clear()

For Each sp As String In
My.Computer.Ports.SerialPortNames
Form2.ComboBox1.Items.Add(sp)
Next
End Sub

Private Sub AboutUsToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal
sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
Handles AboutUsToolStripMenuItem.Click
Form5.Show()
End Sub

Private Sub Form1_FormClosed(ByVal sender As
Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.Forms.FormClosedEventArgs) Handles
Me.FormClosed
If SerialPort1.IsOpen Then
SerialPort1.Close()


End If
End Sub

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As
System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles
MyBase.Load
GetSerialPortNames()
AddHandler SerialPort1.DataReceived, AddressOf
SerialPort1_DataReceived
End Sub

Private Sub ToolStripMenuItem5_Click(ByVal sender
As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles
ToolStripMenuItem5.Click
Me.Close()
End Sub

Form2.Show()

End Sub


End Sub
Private Sub UpdateDisplay()
Dimf() As Byte
Dimatemp As Double
Threading.Monitor.Enter(dataLock) 'yes
f =dataByts.ToArray
dataByts.RemoveRange(0, 3001) 'remove the bytes
processed
'TextBox1.Text =""
USB_data =New UInt16(1000) {}
Try
For i As Integer =0 To 999
atemp =(f((3 * i) +1) <<8) +f(3 * i)
atemp =atemp * (5.0 / 1024.0)
atemp =atemp * 1333
USB_data(i) =CInt(Math.Round(atemp))
Next

Catch ex As Exception
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
End Try
'For value As Integer =0 To 999
'Application.DoEvents()
'TextBox1.Text =TextBox1.Text +" " +
CStr(USB_data(value))
'Next
Threading.Monitor.Exit(dataLock)
'TextBox1.Text =TextBox1.Text +CStr(f(3000))
Form3.CreateChart(Form3.ZedGraphControl1,
USB_data, Verus_CAP)
Form3.Refresh()
Form3.Button2.Enabled =True
End Sub
Private Sub SerialPort1_DataReceived(ByVal sender As
Object, ByVal e As
System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs) Handles
SerialPort1.DataReceived
UpdateFormDelegate1 =New
UpdateFormDelegate(AddressOf UpdateDisplay)
'comBuffer =SerialPort1.ReadChar()

' comBuffer =New Byte(n) {} 're dimension storage
buffer
' SerialPort1.Read(comBuffer, 0, n) 'read data fromthe
buffer
'comBuffer(ptr) =tev
' ptr =ptr +1
' Me.BeginInvoke(UpdateFormDelegate1,
SerialPort1.ReadChar)
'Me.Invoke(UpdateFormDelegate1)
Dimbr As Integer =SerialPort1.BytesToRead '#of
bytes to read
If br >0 Then
Dimb(br - 1) As Byte 'create buffer to read into
Try
br =SerialPort1.Read(b, 0, b.Length) 'read the
bytes
If br <b.Length Then 'adjust length if required
Array.Resize(b, br)
End If
'add bytes just read to list
Threading.Monitor.Enter(dataLock)
dataByts.AddRange(b)
Threading.Monitor.Exit(dataLock)
datarcvd.Set() 'signal event fired
'
'check for a condition
'
If dataByts.Count >=3001 Then
Me.Invoke(UpdateFormDelegate1) 'condition
met
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
End If
'
'fine tune exception handling
'
End Try
End If
End Sub

Private Sub
VersusTimeToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As
VersusTimeToolStripMenuItem.Click
Me.Verus_CAP ="Time"
Form3.Show()
End Sub

Private Sub
VersusVoltageToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As
VersusVoltageToolStripMenuItem.Click


Dimmyvalue As String
myvalue =InputBox("Input value in volts ", "Input
Voltage value ", " ")
Me.Verus_CAP =myvalue
Form3.Show()
End Sub

Private Sub
VersusFrequencyToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender
VersusFrequencyToolStripMenuItem.Click
myvalue =InputBox("Input value in Hz ", "Input
Frequency ", " ")
Form3.Show()
End Sub

Private Sub VerusTimeToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal
sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
Handles VerusTimeToolStripMenuItem.Click
Me.Verus_CAP ="Time"
Form3.Show()
End Sub

Private Sub
VersusHeightToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As
VersusHeightToolStripMenuItem.Click
myvalue =InputBox("Input Height in Inches ", "Input
Height ", " ")
Form3.Show()
End Sub

Private Sub
VersusLoadinKgToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender
VersusLoadinKgToolStripMenuItem.Click
myvalue =InputBox("Input Load in Kg ", "Input
Weight ", " ")
Form3.Show()
End Sub
End Class

Public Class Form2

Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As
Button2.Click
Form1.GetSerialPortNames()
Button1.Enabled =True
End Sub

Button1.Click
If Not Form1.SerialPort1.IsOpen Then
Form1.SerialPort1.PortName =ComboBox1.Text
Form1.SerialPort1.Open()
Button1.Enabled =False
End If
End Sub
End Class

Imports ZedGraph
Public Class Form3

' Call this method fromthe Form_Load method, passing
your ZedGraphControl
Public Sub CreateChart(ByVal zgc As ZedGraphControl,
ByVal datausb() As UInt16, ByVal Versuscaption As
String)

DimmyPane As GraphPane =zgc.GraphPane
myPane.XAxis.Type =AxisType.Linear
' Set the title and axis labels
myPane.Title.Text ="Light Intensity Graph Versus "
+Versuscaption

myPane.XAxis.Title.Text ="Sequence"
myPane.YAxis.Title.Text ="Light Intensity, LUX"

' Enter some randomdata values
Dimy() As Double
Dimy2() As Double ={90, 100, 95, 35, 80, 35, 35}
Dimy3() As Double ={80, 110, 65, 15, 54, 67, 18}
Dimx() As Double
x =New Double(1000) {}
y =New Double(1000) {}
x(i) =i
y(i) =datausb(i)
Next
x(1000) =1000
' Fill the axis background with a color gradient
myPane.Chart.Fill =New Fill(Color.FromArgb(255,
255, 245), Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 190), 90.0F)

' Generate a red curve with "Curve 1" in the legend
DimmyCurve As LineItem=
myPane.AddCurve("Curve 1", x, y, Color.Red)
' Make the symbols opaque by filling themwith white
myCurve.Symbol.Fill =New Fill(Color.White)
'myCurve.Line.Fill =New Fill(Color.White,
Color.Blue, 45.0F)

' Generate a blue curve with "Curve 2" in the legend
' myCurve =myPane.AddCurve("Curve 2", x, y2,
Color.Blue)
' myCurve.Symbol.Fill =New Fill(Color.White)

' Generate a green curve with "Curve 3" in the legend
' myCurve =myPane.AddCurve("Curve 3", x, y3,
Color.Green)
' myCurve.Symbol.Fill =New Fill(Color.White)


' Manually set the x axis range
myPane.XAxis.Scale.Min =0
myPane.XAxis.Scale.Max =1200
' Display the Y axis grid lines
myPane.YAxis.MajorGrid.IsVisible =True
myPane.YAxis.MinorGrid.IsVisible =True

' Draw a box itemto highlight a value range
'Dim box As BoxObj =New BoxObj(0, 100, 1, 30,
Color.Empty, Color.FromArgb(150, Color.LightGreen))
'box.Fill =New Fill(Color.White,
Color.FromArgb(200, Color.LightGreen), 45.0F)

' Use the BehindAxis zorder to draw the highlight
beneath the grid lines
' box.ZOrder =ZOrder.E_BehindCurves
' Make sure that the boxObj does not extend outside
the chart rect if the chart is zoomed
'box.IsClippedToChartRect =True
' Use a hybrid coordinate systemso the X axis always
covers the full x range
' from chart fraction 0.0 to 1.0
' box.Location.CoordinateFrame =
CoordType.XChartFractionYScale
'myPane.GraphObjList.Add(box)

' Add a text itemto label the highlighted range
'Dim Text As TextObj =New
TextObj("Optimal\nRange", 0.95F, 85,
CoordType.AxisXYScale, AlignH.Right, AlignV.Center)
'Text.FontSpec.Fill.IsVisible =False
'Text.FontSpec.Border.IsVisible =False
' Text.FontSpec.IsBold =True
'Text.FontSpec.IsItalic =True
'Text.Location.CoordinateFrame =
CoordType.XChartFractionYScale
'Text.IsClippedToChartRect =True
'myPane.GraphObjList.Add(Text)

' Fill the pane background with a gradient
myPane.Fill =New Fill(Color.WhiteSmoke,
Color.Lavender, 0.0F)

' Calculate the Axis Scale Ranges
zgc.AxisChange()
Button1.Enabled =True

End Sub
Private Sub Form3_Load(ByVal sender As
MyBase.Load
MessageBox.Show("No Comport Available", _
"Important Note", _
MessageBoxButtons.OK, _
MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation, _
MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1)
'Me.Close =True
End If
End Sub
Button1.Click
Dimbuffer() As Byte ={13}
Try

MessageBox.Show("No Comport Available", _
"Important Note", _
MessageBoxButtons.OK, _
MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation, _
MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1)
'Me.Close =True
End If

Form1.SerialPort1.Write(buffer, 0, 1)


End Try
End Sub

Button2.Click
'CreateChart(ZedGraphControl1)
Me.Refresh()
DimoExcel As Object
DimoBook As Object
DimoSheet As Object
Dimfname As String
Dimarrayd() As UInt16
arrayd =Form1.getusb_data()
'Start a new workbook in Excel.
oExcel =CreateObject("Excel.Application")
oBook =oExcel.Workbooks.Add

'Add data to cells of the first worksheet in the new
workbook.
oSheet =oBook.Worksheets(1)
oSheet.Range("A1").Value ="Values"
oSheet.Range("B1").Value ="Data No"
oSheet.Range("A1:B1").Font.Bold =True
oSheet.cells(i +2, 1) =i.ToString
oSheet.cells(i +2, 2) =arrayd(i).ToString

Next
'oSheet.Range("A2").Resize(arrayd.GetLength(0)) =
arrayd()
SaveFileDialog1.Filter ="Excel Files (*.xls)|*.xls|All
files (*.*)|*.*"
If SaveFileDialog1.ShowDialog =
Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK Then
fname =SaveFileDialog1.FileName
End If
' If (FolderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog() =
DialogResult.OK) Then
'fpath =FolderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath


' End If

'Save the Workbook and quit Excel.
oBook.SaveAs(fname)
oSheet =Nothing
oBook =Nothing
oExcel.Quit()
oExcel =Nothing
GC.Collect()
End Sub
End Class

V. Technique of Measurements: -
Electroluminescence Measurement: - the arrangement for
measurement of voltage and frequency dependence of EL is
shown in figure 2.1; the frequency is applied to the wide
band amplifier and the output of the amplifier is applied to
the Electroluminescence cell and the EL emission with
respect to the applied frequency and voltage is obtained.
These light emission is converted to the voltage with the
help of sensor connected to a voltage buffer used to buffer
the voltage. It provides analog voltage at the output of the
voltage buffer. This analog voltage is converted to the
digital formby ADC of Microcontroller (Atmega16) with
the help of programming as given above.
In the present investigation microcontroller has been used
in the prescaler mode and it provides 1000 of sample within
one second. The intensity of light emitted from the
phosphors is measured with respect to time.

VI. Comparison of Design and Developed Setup
and Conventional measurement system:-

A comparison of designed and developed setup and
conventional setup is given below in table 6.1

Table 6.1
S.
n.
Parameters Designed and
Developed Setup
Conventional
measurement
system
1 Speed High Low
2 Accuracy and
Precision
High Low
3 Sampling
Rate
1000/Second Not
Applicable
4 Intensity
Measured
In LUX In arbitrary
unit
5 Output Graph Plot obtained Not
Applicable
6 Output Result Can be Stored Not
Applicable
7 Noise
sensitivity
Very low Very high
8 PMT Not required Required
9 Size Compact Big size
10 Power Source Not required High voltage
Required
11 Cost Low Very High

VII. Conclusion of Present Investigation: -
Design and Development of Software Interfacing for
Electroluminescence device is a combination of hardware
and software interface which plays an important role in
measurement of luminescence of ML and EL with different
setup of ML and EL with the different process. The
important conclusions drawn fromthe present investigation
are as given below:
(1) The present work provides high accuracy and
high precision and high speed measurement
setup for Electroluminescence with the help of
designed and developed device.
(2) It provides on thousand samples in one second,
i.e. it can provide one data output in one mille
second.
(3) The study of EL will be more accurately and
deeply can be observed with the help of this
device.
(4) And results of EL can we study with respect to
time and data can be analyze with other
parameters, like voltage and frequency for EL
Measurement.
(5) The obtained graph of EL can be analyze with
other parameters.


(6) One other important advantage of this
investigation is data can we store with the help
of computer or laptop so error of manual reading
will be almost negligible and data and result can
we save for long time without any error.
(7) The device does not require any external power
source for the measurement of the EL.
(8) The device is compact and the wait is negligible
as compare to conventional setup.
(9) The cost of the device is very low as compare to
conventional setup.

VII. Result:-
Functionality of created software for designed and
developed device for different sample and different
results are investigated in the lab of optoelectronics,
Department of Postgraduate studies and Research in
Physics and electronics, R.D. University, J abalpur-
482001, State- Madhya Pradesh, INDIA. In testing
design and developed kit was connected via USB port
with stander personal computer. In order to view
measured data simple visualization program in VB.Net
was created. Main window of the programis depicted
in figure 7.1.

Reference
1. "The AVR Microcontroller and C Compiler Co-
Design" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-09-19.
2. "Guide to understanding JTAG and security fuses
on the AVR". Retrieved 2012-09-19.
3. "J TAGICE 3- Atmel Corporation". Atmel.com.
Retrieved 2012-09-19.
4. "J TAGICE mkII Communication Protocol" (PDF).
Retrieved 2012-09-19.
5. "AVR Dragon". Atmel. Retrieved 13 January
2013.
6. "AVR1005: Getting started with XMEGA, page
7". Atmel. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
7. "AVR Studio v4.18 Release Notes". Retrieved
2012-09-19.
8. "ECROS Technology - Dragon Rider".
Ecrostech.com. 2008-03-02. Retrieved 2012-09-
19.
9. "LUFA (Formerly MyUSB)". Four Walled
Cubicle. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
10. "Comfile Technology". Comfile Technology, Inc.
Retrieved 13 January 2013.
11. "gnusb: Open Source USB Sensor Box". Retrieved
13 January 2013.

Hardware and Software Interface For Luminescence Measurements

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International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) volume 9 number 7 Mar 2014

ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page361

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