Professional Documents
Culture Documents
RD Lasco 1
Outline
• Agroforestry and climate change
adaptation
• Agroforestry and climate change mitigation
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I. Introduction
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The vanishing Philippine forests…
Extent of Forest Cover Loss for the last 100 years
70 % 60 % 40 %
34 % 23.7 % 18.3 %
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Source: Dolom, 2006; Adapted from Environmental Science for Social Change, 1999
Imperata grasslands cover > 2 M ha
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18-20 M people live in the uplands
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Basic Concepts (IPCC, 2007)
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II. Agroforestry and Climate
Change Adaptation
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Global context (IPCC, 2007)
QUEENIE REMING
PAENG
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DENR, 2007
Basic Concepts (IPCC, 2007)
CC adaptation- Adjustment in natural or
human systems in response to actual or
expected climatic stimuli or their effects,
which moderates harm or exploits
beneficial opportunities.
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What is Agroforestry?
• a land-use system in which woody
perennials are deliberately used on the
same land management unit as
agricultural crops, animals or both
• Trees on farms!
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Key Attributes of AF Systems
• Maintain or enhance productivity
(economic benefits)
• Maintain or enhance environmental quality
(environmental benefits)
• Be acceptable to local farmers and
communities (social benefits)
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AF promotes CC adaptation of
small farmers
• Trees on farms enhance coping capacity
of small farmers to climate risks
• Through crop and income diversification
• Soil and water conservation
• Efficient nutrient cycling and conservation
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Alley or hedgerow cropping
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Contour hedgerow systems: Uses and benefits
• Erosion control
• Organic fertilizer
• Fuel wood
• Fodder for ruminants
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Natural vegetative strips (NVS) in Claveria
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Nueva Viscaya province: mahogany in
grasslands
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Leyte island: contour planting with trees
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Isabela Province: tree planting
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East Timor: multisotrey
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Bukidnon: multistorey agroforestry farm
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Claveria: tree farms
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Banuae rice terraces
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Coffee under shade trees
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Cacao under shade trees
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Environmental benefits
• Reduced siltation of water bodies
• Reduced land degradation and
desertification
• Biodiversity
– More trees on farm
– Reduced habitat destruction
• Beauty (eco-tourism)
• Climate change mitigation
– Carbon sequestration
– Remaining forests and other natural covers
saved
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Socio-Economic Benefits
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Basic Concepts (IPCC, 2007)
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The Carbon Cycle
Units Oceans
39,000
Gt C and
Gt C y-1
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CO2
Photosynthesis
Burning
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BIOMASS IS
ABOUT 50%
CARBON BY
WEIGHT
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ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS
TREES
UNDERSTOREY
NECROMASS
LITTER
Carbon poolsRDinLasco
forest ecosystems 37
Fig. Carbon density of various land cover in the project site
180
160
140
120
100
tC/ha
80
60
40
20
0
OGF SGF Gmelina (6yr) Agroforestry Grassland
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189 (48%)
3.5 (0.9%)
4.8 (1.2%)
1.7 (0.6%)
1.3 (0.5%)
13.2 (4.7%)
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
tC/ha/yr 4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
OGF SGF Gmelina Eucalyptus Acacia Mahogany Dipterocarp Agroforestry Grassland
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“Forest” lands that need trees
Forest land cover distribution in the Phillippines (total area= 15.9 M ha)
(Source: Lasco and Pulhin, 2000; FMB, 1996)
Protection forest
17%
Upland farms
34%
Secondary forest
18%
Plantations
3%
Brushlands Grasslands
15% 13%
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Co-Benefits of CDM Forestry Projects
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In Summary…
• Agroforestry systems enhance adaptive
capacity of small farmers
• The Philippines has huge potential for
change mitigation through agroforestry
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Thank You!!!
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