NAME: SITI NORSHAHIRA BINTI NORAZMAN

CLASS: 4DEDIKASI

TITLE: THE LATEST OPEN SOFTWARE AVAILABLE AND THE LATES
DEVELOPMENT IN ICT

TEACHERS NAME: MS.NOORUL AINIEN BINTI MAT DAUD
























1.0 INTRODUCTION
MEANING OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE
(S0FTWARE)
Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available and licensed with
a licensed which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change and distribute the software to
anyone and for any purpose. Open-source software is very often developed in a
public, collaborative manner. Open-source software is the most prominent example of open-
source development and often compared to (technically defined) user-generated content or (legally
defined) open-content movements.
A report by the Standish Group (from 2008) states that adoption of open-source software models has
resulted in savings of about $60 billion per year to consumers.






(HARDWARE)
Open source hardware consists of physical artifacts of technology designed and offered by the open
design movement. Both free and open source software (FOSS) as well as open source hardware is created
by this open source movement and applies a like concept to a variety of components. The term usually
means that information about the hardware is easily discerned. Hardware design (i.e. mechanical
drawings, schematics, bills of materials, PCB layout data, HDL source code and integrated circuit layout
data), in addition to the software that drives the hardware, are all released with the FOSS approach.Since
the rise of reconfigurable programmable logic devices, sharing of logic designs has been a form of open
source hardware. Instead of the schematics, hardware description language (HDL) code is shared. HDL
descriptions are commonly used to set up system-on-a-chip systems either in field-programmable gate
arrays (FPGA) or directly in application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designs. HDL modules, when
distributed, are called semiconductor intellectual property cores, or IP cores.








2.0 THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)
2.1MEANING OF OPEN SOURCE OS
Linux is a Unix-like and POSIX-compliant computer operating system assembled under the model of free and
open source software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux
kernel, an operating system kernel first released on 5 October 1991 by Linus Torvalds.
Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for Intel x86-based personal computers. It has since
been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other operating system. It is a leading operating
system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers and supercomputers.

As of June
2013, more than 95% of the world's 500 fastest supercomputers run some variant of Linux, including all the 44
fastest. Linux also runs on embedded systems, which are devices whose operating system is typically built into
the firmware and is highly tailored to the system; this includes mobile phones, tablet computers,
network routers, facility automation controls, television and video game consoles. Android, which is a widely
used operating system for mobile devices, is built on top of the Linux kernel.
The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source
software collaboration. The underlying source code may be used, modified, and distributedcommercially or
non-commerciallyby anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically, Linux
is packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use. Some popular mainstream
Linux distributions include Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Fedora, Arch Linux, and the commercial Red Hat
Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Linux distributions include the Linux kernel,
supporting utilities and libraries and usually a large amount of application software to fulfil the distribution's
intended use.
A distribution oriented toward desktop use will typically include X11 or Wayland as the windowing system,
and an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or the KDE Software Compilation. Some such
distributions may include a less resource intensive desktop such as LXDE or XFCE, for use on older or less
powerful computers. A distribution intended to run as a server may omit all graphical environments from the
standard install, and instead include other software to set up and operate a solution stack such as LAMP.
Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any intended use.








2.2 EXAMPLES OF OPEN SOURCE OS
1) Dream Linux


Dream Linux is a modern and modular Linux system that can be run directly from the CD and optionally
be easily installed onto your HD. Dream Linux comes with a selection of the best applications designed to
meet mostly of your daily needs. It is based on Debian and Morphix, which means its takes advantages of
their best features and adds its own modern development tools. Dream Linux was released 1 January 2011.

2) Haiku

Haiku is an open source operating system currently in development. Specifically targeting personal
computing. Haku is fast, efficient, simple to use, easy to learn, and yet very powerful system for computer
users of all levels. Additionally, Haiku offers something over other open source platforms which is quite
unique. The project consists of a single team writing everything from the kernel, drivers, user land services,
tool kit, and graphics stack to the included desktop applications and preflets. While numerous open source
projects are utilized in Haiku, they are integrated seamlessly.
Haiku was released 13 September 2009.
3.0 THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE
3.1 MEANING OF OPEN SOURCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Open source application software is computer software that is available in source code form for which the
source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under of software
license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. Open source licenses often meet the
requirements of the Open Source Definition. Some open source application software is available within the
public domain. Open source application software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner.
Open source application software is the most prominent example of open source development and often
compared to user-generated content or open content movements. The term open source application software
originated as part of a marketing campaign for free application software.

3.2 EXAMPLES OF OPEN SOURCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE
1) Web Browser

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting and
traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content.
Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources.
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access
information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems.
The major web browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari.




2) Microsoft PowerPoint

Microsoft PowerPoint is a slide show presentation program developed by Microsoft. It was officially launched
on May 22, 1990, as a part of the Microsoft Office suite.
The benefits of PowerPoint are continuously debated. The term "PowerPoint hell" has been coined for long,
tedious PowerPoint presentations that bore the audience.
















4.0 THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN ICT
4.1 HARDWARE






























LATEST PREVIOUS
APPLE MAGIC MOUSE


APPLE DESKTOP BUS MOUSE
(G5431/A9M0331)

Introduced on October 20, 2009 as a
replacement to the Wireless Mighty
Mouse. The Magic Mouse features
multi-touch gesture controls similar to
those found on the iPhone and the
MacBook's trackpads, wireless
Bluetooth capabilities and laser-tracking.
The Magic Mouse is included with the
new iMac; however, the wired Mighty
Mouse (now renamed "Apple Mouse") is
still available as an option when buying.
In September 1986 Apple continued a
year of major change by converting
its mice and keyboards to the Apple
Desktop Bus (ADB). Newly
redesigned, this mouse retained the
blocky footprint of its predecessor,
but had a lower, triangular profile.
The first official Snow White design
language mouse (the Apple Mouse IIc
was technically the first), it was a
uniform Platinum gray color,
including the single button, with only
the cables and connectors retaining
the contrasting darker gray "Smoke"
color. It was introduced on the Apple
IIGS computer and later became the
standard included mouse with all
Macintosh desktop computers for the
next six years.

4.2 SOFTWARE
LATEST PREVIOUS
WINDOWS 8

WINDOWS 7


Windows 8 is a personal computer operating
system developed by Microsoft as part
of Windows NT family of operating systems.
Development of Windows 8 started before the
release of its predecessor, Windows 7, in
2009. It was announced at CES 2011, and
followed by the release of three pre-
release versions from September 2011 to May
2012. The operating system was released to
manufacturing on August 1, 2012, and was
released for general availability on October 26,
2012.
Windows 8 introduced major changes to the
operating system's platform and user
interface to improve its user experience on
tablets, where Windows was now competing
with mobile operating systems,
including Android and iOS.

Windows 7 is a personal computer operating
system developed by Microsoft, a version
of Windows NT. Development of 7 occurred
as early as 2006 under the codename
"Blackcomb". Windows 7 was released to
manufacturing on July 22, 2009,

and became
generally available on October 22, 2009, less
than three years after the release of its
predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows
7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008
R2, was released at the same time.
Windows 7 was primarily intended to be an
incremental upgrade to the operating system,
intending to address criticisms faced by its
predecessor, Windows Vista (such as
performance improvements), whilst
maintaining compatibility with hardware
and software designed for Vista.





5.0 PERVASIVE COMPUTING
5.1MEANING OF PERVASIVE COMPUTING
Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is an advanced computing concept where computing is made to appear
everywhere and anywhere. In contrast to desktop computing, ubiquitous computing can occur using any
device, in any location, and in any format. A user interacts with the computer, which can exist in many
different forms, including laptop computers, tablets and terminals in everyday objects such as a fridge or a
pair of glasses. The underlying technologies to support ubiquitous computing include Internet,
advanced middleware, operating system, mobile code, sensors, microprocessors, new I/O and user
interfaces, networks, mobile protocols, location and positioning and new materials. This new paradigm is
also described as pervasive computing, ambient intelligence, or every way. Each term emphasizes
slightly different aspects. When primarily concerning the objects involved, it is also known as physical
computing, the Internet of Things, haptic computing and things that think. Rather than propose a single
definition for ubiquitous computing and for these related terms, ataxonomy of properties for ubiquitous
computing has been proposed, from which different kinds or flavours of ubiquitous systems and
applications can be described. Ubiquitous computing touches on a wide range of research topics,
including distributed computing, mobile computing, location computing, mobile networking, context-
aware computing, sensor networks, human-computer interaction, and artificial intelligences.
5.2 EXAMPLES OF PERVASIVE COMPUTING
1) iGo New Green Technology Products

You may not be familiar with iGo products, but the company comes up with products that
utilize the companys proprietary and patent-pending iGo Green Technology. Products
with said technology integrated are smart enough to detect when a device isnt being used
and will shut off the power being drawn from the wall, eliminating up to 85% of the
standby power used over standard power management products. The newly announced
products are the Power Smart Tower, Power Smart Wall and the Laptop Charger. If youre
looking to save on electricity bills and help the environment, you might want to take a
gander at the products above. iGO Green Technology was released 16 December 2009.
2) The NANOLET is a minimalist iPod nano wristband

The iPod nano was designed to be an MP3 player, but due to its small form factor and watch-
like appearance (coincidence?), accessory manufacturers have been busy putting out a variety of
watch straps that allows the user to slot the iPod nano in place and wear it as a watch while
doubling as an MP3 player at the same time. Well, if youre looking for such a wristband,
perhaps one more minimalistic in design, you might want to consider Curve Creatives
NANOLET.As you might have surmised from the photo above, the NANOLET is more of a
bracelet than a watch, and the kicker here is that apparently the brand is made out of a single
component that has been 3D printed! According to the creators, the NANOLET is perfect for
those who run or work out. NANOLET was released 17 January 2012.



6.0 CONCLUSION
Open Source is really helping the users and we can choose any free application to download. Besides that,
we can learn more about ICT and we can manage easily if our computer having a problems.


REFERENCE
1) https://www.haiku-os.org/gallery?photo=0&ref=5381068951927046673
2) http://www.ubergizmo.com/2009/12/igo-new-green-technology-products/