GAS TURBINE PLANT

Introduction
The gas turbine is a common form of heat engine working with a series of rocesses
consisting of comression of air taken from atmoshere! increase of working medium temerature
b" constant ressure ignition of fue# in combustion chamber! e$ansion of SI and I% engines in
working medium and combustion! but it is #ike steam turbine in its asect of the stead" f#ow of the
working medium&
It was in '()(! Brown Bea*er de*e#oed the first industria# dut" gas turbine& The out
ut being +,,, -. with oen c"c#e efficienc" of '/0& The de*e#oment in the science of
aerod"namics and meta##urg" significant#" contributed to increased comression and e$ansion
efficienc" in the recent "ears&
At -awas! the GE1A#sthom make Gas Turbine 23ode# (E4 has an oerating efficienc"
of )'0 and +(0 in oen c"c#e and combined c"c#e mode resecti*e#" when natura# gas is used as
fue#& Toda" gas turbine unit si5es with outut abo*e 67, 3. at IS8 conditions ha*e been
designed and de*e#oed& Thus the ad*ances in meta##urgica# techno#og" ha*e brought with a good
cometiti*e edge o*er con*entiona# steam c"c#e ower #ant&
-awas Gas Turbine P#ant:
The modern gas turbine #ants are common#" a*ai#ab#e in ackage form with few functiona# sub
assemb#ies.
The (E mode# GE%1A#sthom ackage consists of
%ontro# comartment
Accessor" comartment
Turbine comartment
In#et e$haust s"stem
Load ackage
Generator e$citation comartment
%86 fire rotection unit
Each station comonent is a factor" assemb#ed retested assemb#" 9 is housed in a## weather 9
acoustic roof enc#osure
%83BINE: %;%LE<
Combine cycle power plant integrates two power conversion cycle-Brayton cycle (Gas turbine) and
Rankine cycle (Steam turbine) wit te principal ob!ective o" increasing overall plant e""iciency.
BRA;T8N %;%LE
Gas turbine plants operate on tis cycle in wic air is compressed (process #-$% in &-' diagram o"
"igure-#B).
(is compressed air is eated in te combustor by burning "uel% were plant o" compressed air is used
"or combustion (process $-)) and te "lue gases produced are allowed to e*pand in te turbine (process
)-+)% wic is coupled wit te generator.
,n modern gas turbines te temp. o" te e*aust gases is in te range o" -.. C to --. C
RAN-INE %;%LE<
(e conversion o" eat energy to mecanical energy wit te aid o" steam is based on tis
termodynamic cycle.
,n its simplest "orm te cycle works as "ollows:
(e initial stage o" working "luid is water (point ) o" "igure $)% wic at a certain temperature is
pressurised by a pump (process )-+) and "ed to te boiler
,n te boiler te pressurised water is eated at constant pressure (process +---/-#)
Supereated steam (generated at point-#) is e*panded in te turbine (process#-$)% wic is coupled
wit generator.
0odern steam power plants ave steam temperature in te range o" -..C to --. C at te inlet o" te
turbine.
%83BINING T.8 %;%LES T8 I3PR8=E E>>I%IEN%;
1e ave seen in te above two cycles tat e*aust is at temperature o" -..---. C and in Rankine cycle
eat is re2uired to generate steam at te temperature o" -..---. C. (ere"ore gas turbine e*aust eat
can be recovered using a waste eat recovery boiler to run a steam turbine on Rankine cycle.
," e""iciency o" gas turbine cycle (wen natural gas is used as "uel) is )#3 and te e""iciency o" Rankine
cycle is )-3% ten over all e""iciency comes to +43.
Conventional "ossil "uel "ired boiler o" te steam power plant is replaced wit a eat recovery steam
generator (5RSG). 6*aust gas "rom te gas turbine is led to te 5RSG were eat in e*aust gas is
utilised to produce steam at desired parameters as re2uired by te steam turbine.
>igure1'A
>igure1'B
A:=ANTAGES 8> GAS TURBINE PLANT
Some of the ad*antages are ?uite ob*ious! such as fast oeration! minimum site in*estment&
Low insta##ation cost owing to standardi5ation! factor" assemb#" and test& This makes the
insta##ation of the station eas" and kees the cost er insta##ed ki#owatt #ow because the ackage
ower station is ?uick#" read" to be ut in oeration&
Site im#ementation inc#udes one sim#e and robust structure to get unit a#ignment&
Transort<
Package concet makes easier shiing! hand#ing! because of its robustness&
Low standb" cost< fast start u and shut down reduce con*entiona# stand b" cost&
The ower re?uirements to kee the #ant in standb" condition are significant#" #ower than those
for other t"es of rime mo*ers&
3a$imum a#ication f#e$ibi#it"< The ackage #ant ma" be oerated either in ara##e# with
e$isting #ants or as a com#ete#" iso#ated station& These units ha*e been used! wide#" for base!
eaking and e*en emergenc" ser*ice& The station can be e?uied with remote contro# for
starting!
s"nchroni5ing 9 #oading&
%ontro# re#iabi#it"< the microcomuter based contro#! with an integrated temerature s"stem
2ITS4
ro*ides accurate contro#! ?uick rotection and com#ete se?uentia# start u 9 shut down 9
oeration& 3aintenance
%ost is comarati*e#" #ow&