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FINAL REPORT

On
MARKET MAPPING OF COMPRESSED
NATURAL GAS FROM GREEN GAS LTD.
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ABSTRACT
This report is all about the Consumer behavior of CNG Users.
At the beginning it is illustrated the industrial analysis in which it is explained the current
industry situation of CNG. In the industrial analysis the future outloo ! prospective
trends of the particular sector is analy"ed by eeping in mind ! analy"ing the
competitors in the CNG industry in order to chec the strategies used by them ! then to
use the mix of strategies by applying the innovative ideas in our venture. After that the
strategy for mareting is build by using different segmentation report for efficient !
better utili"ation of available resources industry ! maret forecast has been done in order
to analy"e the true maret demand for CNG.
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DECLARATION
I do hereby declare that the research report titled Market Mapping Of C!pre""e#
Nat$ra% Ga" Fr! Green Ga" Li!ite#& submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the
re#uirement f Ba'(e%r f B$"ine"" A#!ini"tratin) exclusively prepared and
conceptuali"ed by me and is not submitted to any other Institution or University or
published anywhere before for the reward of any $egree%$iploma%Certificate. It is the
&riginal wor of mine and has not been obtained from any other part.

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ACKNO*LEDGEMENT
'very wor constitutes great deal of assistance and guidance from the people concerned
and this particular pro(ect is of no exception.
A pro(ect of the nature is surely a result of tremendous support) guidance) encouragement
and help.
*ish to place on record my sincere gratitude to my pro(ect guide) Mr.
++++++++++++++++++++ I than him for his constructive help and encouragement
throughout the pro(ect. *ithout his support and guidance taing this would not have been
possible.
Also) wish to acnowledge enthusiastic encouragement and support extended to me by
my family members.
I+m also thanful to my friends who provided me their constant support and assistance.


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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE NO
ABSTRACT ,
DECLARATION -
S.NOPSIS /
ACKNO*LEDGEMENT 0
C1APTER 234 INTRODUCTION 33
C1APTER 5 ,4 INDUSTRIAL PROFILE 3/
C1APTER 5 -4 COMPAN. PROFILE ,0
C1APTER 5 /4 RESEARC1 MET1ODLOG. 67
C1APTER 5 64 DATA ANAL.SIS 76
C1APTER 5 74 FINDINGS 87
C1APTER 5 84 CONCLUSION 93
C1APTER 5 94 RECOMMENDATION 9,
ANNE:URE 9/
BIBLIOGRAP1. 96
;UESTIONANNAIRE 97
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INTRODUCTION
Natural Gas is one of the most valuable natural resources abundantly available in our
Country. The people of ,aistan have been using the petroleum products as a fuel in their
Automobiles) thus spending a huge amount of foreign exchange on import of petroleum
products. -oreover) the Government of India has taen certain concrete steps in order to
promote the use of natural gas as a fuel substitute in the automobiles. $ue to the efforts
made by the Government and comparatively low prices of gas) more than .//)///
vehicles have already been converted to operate on Compressed Natural Gas 0CNG1
fueling system all over India.
$ue to high cost of petroleum products) lots of vehicles are switching over to CNG. At
present) there are more than 23/// CNG stations operating in the Country and this
number is insufficient to meet the rising demand of CNG in the coming years. The total
pro(ect cost for setting up the CNG filling stations has been estimated at 4s.56.65
million. It includes land) building) CNG e#uipment and machinery) spares) along with the
preliminary expenses and woring capital.
Compressed Natural Gas 0CNG1 is produced when the natural gas is compressed into
cylinders to be used as a fuel in the automobiles. The compressed natural gas has been
used as an automobile fuel since 678/) and over the years) the technology has been
modified and refined. In the recent years) the usage of CNG as an automobile fuel has
significantly increased because of its low cost and environment friendly nature.
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CNG P%i'<4
The Government of India has offered number of incentives for encouraging the use of
CNG in the country. 9ome of these are summari"ed below:
9trong Government commitment to promote usage of CNG.
;iberal policy of providing license for CNG retailing.
$eregulated maret price of CNG 0for the consumers1.
,riority of providing natural gas connection to CNG stations.
'xemption of import duty and sales tax on import of machinery and e#uipment)
CNG its and cylinders.
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INDUSTRIAL PROFILE
C!pre""e# nat$ra% ga" 0CNG1 is a fossil fuel substitute for gasoline 0petrol1) diesel) or
propane%;,G. Although its combustion does produce greenhouse gases) it is a more
environmentally clean alternative to those fuels) and it is much safer than other fuels in
the event of a spill 0natural gas is lighter than air) and disperses #uicly when released1.
CNG may also be mixed with biogas) produced from landfills or wastewater) which
doesn<t increase the concentration of carbon in the atmosphere.
CNG is made by compressing natural gas 0which is mainly composed of methane =C>
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?1)
to less than 6@ of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure. It is stored
and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 2//A28B bar 027//A5.// psi1) usually
in cylindrical or spherical shapes.
CNG is used in traditional gasoline internal combustion engine cars that have been
converted into biCfuel vehicles 0gasoline%CNG1. Natural gas vehicles are increasingly
used in the AsiaC,acific region) ;atin America) 'urope) and America due to rising
gasoline prices. In response to high fuel prices and environmental concerns) CNG is
starting to be used also in tuCtus and picup trucs) transit and school buses) and trains.
CNG<s volumetric energy density is estimated to be 82@ of li#uefied natural gas<s
0because it is not li#uefied1) and 23@ of diesel<s.
The typical composition and physical properties of CNG 0i.e. Compressed Natural Gas1 is
as follows:
T<pi'a% C!p"itin4
-ethane : BB@
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'thane : 3@
,ropane : 6@
C&2 : 3@
&thers : 6@
Tta% 4 3==>
P(<"i'a% Prpertie"
Nn2t+i' A Natural gas being lead%sulphur free) its use substantially reduces
harmful engine emissions. *hen natural gas burns completely) it gives out carbon
dioxide and water vapour C the very components we give out while breathingD
Lig(ter t(an air A Natural gas being lighter than air) will rise above ground level
and disperse in the atmosphere) in the case of a leaage.
C%$r%e"" A Natural Gas is available in the gaseous state) and is colourless.
O#$r%e"" A The gas in its natural form is odourless) however) et(<% !er'aptan
is later added as odorant so as to detect its leaage.
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*(< CNG
Test results show that a CNG bus with a threeCway catalyst is far ahead of a
comparable diesel bus.
It meets the 'uro IE norms for both ,- and N&x.
'ven carbon monoxide emission is better than 'uro II norms
Nte4 A%% fig$re" in gra!!e" per ki%?att2($r
Fuel diversification:
4educing emissions of harmful pollutants: -uch lower emissions of small ,-)
and nonCmethane >C compared to conventional diesel or Gasoline engine
,otentially cheap alternative fuel
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T<pe f CNG Statin"
Four types of CNG stations have been developed in $elhi. These are as follows:
Mt(er Statin: -other stations are connected to the pipeline and have high
compression capacity. These stations supply CNG to both vehicles and daughter
stations 0through mobile cascades1. Typically they have the facility of filling all
types of vehicles A buses%autos%cars. The -other station re#uires heavy
investment towards compressor) dispensers) cascades) pipelines) tubing etc.
On%ine Statin: CNG vehicle storage cylinders need to be filled at a pressure of
2// bars. G&n line 9tationsH are e#uipped with a compressor of relatively small
capacity) which compresses low pressure pipeline gas to the pressure of 23/ bar
for dispensing CNG to the vehicle cylinder. The investment in an online station is
midway between daughter station and mother station
Da$g(ter Statin4 The G$aughter 9tationsH dispense CNG using mobile
cascades. These mobile cascades at daughter stations are replaced when pressure
falls and pressure depleted mobile cascade is refilled at the G-other 9tationH. The
investment in a daughter station is least among all types of CNG stations. There is
reduction in storage pressure at daughter stations with each successive filling.
&nce the storage pressure drops) the refueling time increases) while the #uantity
of CNG dispensed to vehicle also decreases.
Da$g(ter2B"ter Statin: Installing a booster compressor can eliminate
drawbacs of daughter stations. The mobile cascade can be connected to the
dispensing system through a booster. $aughter booster 0compressor1 is designed
to tae variable suction pressure and discharge at constant pressure of 2// bars to
the vehicle being filled with CNG. The investment in daughter booster station is
slightly higher than that of daughter station.
Mega CNG Statin"4 -ega CNG stations have been conceptuali"ed to cater to a
large fleet of vehicles) particularly the buses. The ob(ective is to provide
comfortable filling experience to the consumers when they come to the station for
refueling. -ega CNG stations are constructed on much larger plot of land than
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that of conventional CNG stations) as a result of which more number of
Compressors and $ispensers can be installed and more number of vehicles can be
simultaneously refuelled at such stations. A -ega CNG station has been
commissioned at 4ohini) 9ector 25 on Iuly 65) 2//5 and a similar station has been
put into operation at ,atpargan( on Iune 5/) 2//5. The CNG -ega station at
,atpargang has been constructed at a cost of around 4s.65.3 crores 0U9$ 5 --1
to simultaneously refuel five buses and eight other vehicles 0cars) autos) mini
buses etc.1. Juilt on a plot of si"e K3 m L 8/ m) it has the capacity to comfortably
refuel CNG to B// buses and over 63// other vehicles daily.
Te'(ni'a% @enefit" f CNG
Eery low particulate emissions
Eery low emissions of airborne toxins
Negligible sulfurCcontaining emissions
Muieter operation than diesel
;ess vibrations than diesel
;ess odor than diesel
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ADAANTAGES OF CNG
plugs is eliminated. CNGCpowered vehicles have lower maintenance costs when
compared with other fuelCpowered vehicles. CNG fuel systems are sealed) which
prevents any spill or evaporation losses. Another practical advantage observed is the
increased life of lubricating oils) as CNG does not contaminate and dilute the crancase
oil. CNG mixes easily and evenly in air being a gaseous fuel. CNG is less liely to autoC
ignite on hot surfaces) since it has a high autoCignition temperature 038/ NC1 and a narrow
range 03@C63@1 of flammability.
CNG emits significantly less pollutants such as carbon dioxide 0C&
2
1) hydrocarbons
0U>C1) carbon monoxide 0C&1) nitrogen oxides 0N&
x
1) sulfur oxides 09&
x
1 and
particulate matter 0,-1) compared to petrol. For example) an engine running on petrol for
6// m emits 22)/// grams of C&
2
) while covering the same distance on CNG emits only
6.)2K3 grams of C&
2
. CNG is essentially methane) i.e. C>8 with a calorific value of 7//
I%mol. This burns with &xygen to produce 6 mol of C&2 and 2 mol of >2&. Jy
comparison) petrol can be regarded as essentially Jen"ene or similar) C.>. with a
calorific value of about 5)5// I%mol and this burns to produce . mol of C&2 and 5 mol
of >2&. From this it can be seen that per mol of C&2 produced) CNG releases over 6..
times as much energy as that released from petrol 0or for the same amount of energy)
CNG produces nearly 8/@ less C&21.? The corresponding figures are KB and 23.B grams
respectively) for nitrogen oxides. Carbon monoxide emissions are reduced even further.
$ue to lower carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions) switching to CNG can help
mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The ability of CNG to reduce greenhouse gas
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emissions over the entire fuel lifecycle will depend on the source of the natural gas and
the fuel it is replacing. The lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions for CNG compressed from
California<s pipeline natural gas is given a value of .K.K/ grams of C&
2
Ce#uivalent per
mega(oule 0gC&2e%-I1 by the California Air 4esources Joard 0A4J1) approximately
2B@ lower than the average gasoline fuel in that maret 073.B. gC&2e%-I1. CNG
produced from landfill biogas was found by A4J to have the lowest greenhouse gas
emissions of any fuel analy"ed) with a value of 66.2. gC&2e%-I 0over BB@ lower than
conventional gasoline1 in the lowCcarbon fuel standard that went into effect on Ianuary
62) 2/6/.
$ue to the absence of any lead or ben"ene content in CNG) the lead fouling of spar
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DISADAANTAGES OF CNG
The worst thing about vehicular pollution is that it cannot be avoided as the emissions
are emitted at the nearCground level where we breathe. ,ollution from vehicles gets
reflected in increased mortality and morbidity and is revealed through symptoms lie
cough) headache) nausea) irritation of eyes) various bronchial problems and visibility. The
pollution from vehicles are due to discharges lie C&) unburned >C) ,b compounds)
N&x) soot) suspended particulate matter 09,-1 and aldehydes) among others) mainly
from the tail pipes.
A recent study reports that in $elhi one out of every 6/ school children suffers from
asthma that is worsening due to vehicular pollution
9ituation is same in a number of other megaCcities
-uch more expensive fuel distribution and storage
9uited for fleet vehicles that all Gcome homeH
>igher vehicle cost) primarily due to higher cost of fuel cylinders
9horter driving range
,roblematic for public transport vehicles or if there are few fueling stations
>eavier fuel tan) reducing fuel economy and leading to greater braing distances
,otential performance and operational problems compared to li#uid fuels
E'n!ie" f CNG
Jaseline is gasoline or diesel
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Incremental cost of procuring CNG vehicles must be recovered by lower
operating costs
-aintenance costs can be higher
o ;ower fuel cost (fuel price + cost recovery for refueling stations) critical
to maing CNG economic
9uited especially for regions importing gasoline and diesel) or where natural gas
is very cheap
Diffi'$%tie" in #eBe%ping CNG Infra"tr$'t$re
;ac of Indigenous Technology
Infrastructural constraints 0'lectricity) land etc.1
$elay in getting permissions from statutory authorities
;imited natural gas allocation leading to delay in management decisions on
expenditure commitment
Uncertainty about conversion of vehicles ! CNG demand
Capital intensive pro(ect C a mother station cost would be 3C. times the cost of a
petrol pump ! pipeline need to be in place
&b(ection from local people) encroachment
;ow storage capacity of on board cylinders) thus re#uiring fre#uent refills.
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POLLUTION REDUCTION IN CNG FUELLED AE1ICLES
The use of CNG in vehicles has lead to considerable reduction in air pollution as is
evident from the following data:
A. A$t ri'k"(a? 5 T(ree ?(ee%er"4
B. Pa""enger Car"4

C. Die"e% B$"e"4
USES OF CNG
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CARS
*orldwide) there were 62.. million natural gas vehicles by 2/6/) up 66..@ over the
previous year) led by ,aistan with 2.K8 million) Iran 06.73 million1) Argentina 06.7
million1) Jra"il 06.. million1) and India 06.6 million1.
=6?
with the AsiaC,acific region
leading with 3.K million NGEs) followed by ;atin America with almost 8 million
vehicles.
CNG cars available in 'urope are biCfuel vehicles burning one fuel at a time. Their
engine is a standard gasoline internal combustion engine 0IC'1. This means that they can
indifferently run on either gasoline from a gasoline tan or CNG from a separate cylinder
in the trun. The driver can select what fuel to burn by simply flipping a switch on the
dashboard.
9everal manufacturers 0Fiat) &pel 0General -otors1) ,eugeot) Eolswagen) Toyota)
>onda and others1 sell biCfuel cars. In 2//.) Fiat introduced the 9iena Tetrafuel in the
Jra"ilian maret) e#uipped with a 6.8; FI4' engine that runs on '6//) '23 09tandard
Jra"ilian Gasoline1) Gasoline and CNG.
Any existing gasoline vehicle can be converted to a biCfuel 0gasoline%CNG1 vehicle.
Authori"ed shops can do the retrofitting) this involves installing a CNG cylinder in the
trun) installing the plumbing) installing a CNG in(ection system and the electronics.
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LOCOMOTIAES
CNG locomotives are operated by several railroads. The Napa Ealley *ine Train
successfully retrofit a diesel locomotive to run on compressed natural gas before 2//2.
This converted locomotive was upgraded to utili"e a computer controlled fuel in(ection
system in -ay 2//B) and is now the Napa Ealley *ine Train<s primary locomotive.
Ferrocarril Central Andino in ,eru) has run a CNG ;ocomotive on a freight line since
2//3 CNG locomotives are usually diesel locomotives that have been converted to use
compressed natural gas generators instead of diesel generators to generate the electricity
that drives the motors of the train. 9ome CNG locomotives are able to fire their cylinders
only when there is a demand for power) which) theoretically) gives them a higher fuel
efficiency than conventional diesel engines. CNG is also cheaper than petrol or diesel.
CNG COMPARED TO LNG
CNG is often confused with li#uefied natural gas 0;NG1. *hile both are stored forms of
natural gas) the ey difference is that CNG is gas that is stored 0as a gas1 at high pressure)
while ;NG is in uncompressed li#uid form. CNG has a lower cost of production and
storage compared to ;NG as it does not re#uire an expensive cooling process and
cryogenic tans. CNG re#uires a much larger volume to store the same mass of gasoline
or petrol and the use of very high pressures 05/// to 8/// psi) or 2/3 to 2K3 bar1.
CNG can be stored at lower pressure in a form nown as an ANG 0Adsorbed Natural
Gas1 tan) at 53 bar 03// psi) the pressure of gas in natural gas pipelines1 in various
sponge lie materials) such as activated carbon and metalCorganic framewors 0-&Fs1.
The fuel is stored at similar or greater energy density than CNG. This means that vehicles
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can be refuelled from the natural gas networ without extra gas compression) the fuel
tans can be slimmed down and made of lighter) less strong materials.
*ORLD*IDE
,aistan currently has the highest number of vehicles running on CNG in the world
followed by Iran) Argentina) Jra"il. ,aistan also has the highest number of CNG
stations in the world numbering more than 5.//. -a(ority of private vehicles have
converted to CNG because of cheaper price as compared to petrol. &nly luxury cars and
official vehicles now run on petrol. 4ecently) new CNG Juses had been introduced by
C$GO in Oarachi. Almost all car manufacturers in ,aistan 0except >onda1 now produce
company fitted CNG it versions. 4ecent hies in CNG prices have downplayed the
ambitious ventures of some of the staeholders in this sector. It is expected that price of
the CNG and Oits will come down as competition among manufacturers grows.
;andi4en"o ,aistan is also exporting CNG its to various countries including China)
Jra"il and Italy. Almost 2 million vehicles on the country<s roads have dual fuel options
with 9u"ui having the highest in #uantity.
CNG has grown into one of the ma(or fuel sources used in car engines in India and
Jangladesh as well. The use of CNG is mandated for the public transport system of
India<s capital New $elhi as well as for the city of Ahmedabad in the state of Gu(arat.
The $elhi Transport Corporation operates the world<s largest fleet of CNG buses. Today
many ricshaws as well as personal vehicles in India and Jangladesh are being converted
to CNG powered technology) the cost of which is in the range of PB//AP6///. In the
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Jangladesh capital of $haa not a single auto ricshaw without CNG has been permitted
since 2//5.
In India) CNG costs are at 4s 56.3/ per g compared with 4s. K/.// per liter of petrol
0prices as of Iune 2/66 in Jangalore) India1. In Thailand) CNG costs are at Thb 6/.8 per
g 0U9P/.531 per g compared with Thb 8/.// 0U9P6.531 per liter of petrol 0prices as of
-arch 2/66 in Jango) Thailand1. CNG is #uite notable at a cost savings of ./@ along
with reduced emissions and its usability by environmentally friendlier cars.
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GREEN GAS LIMITED
Green Gas ;imited 0GG;1 is a Ioint Eenture of
GAI; 0India1 ;imited =GAI;? and Indian &il
Corporation ;imited =I&C;?.
It has been incorporated for the implementation of
City Gas ,ro(ects for supply of ,iped Natural Gas
0,NG1 to domestic) commercial and industrial
Consumers and Compressed Natural Gas 0CNG1 to
automobile consumers in the cities of ;ucnow and Agra.
T(e C!pan< pri!ari%< ai!" at4
,roviding safe) convenient ! reliable natural gas supply to it<s customers in the domestic
and commercial sectors in ;ucnow) Agra and Ta( Trape"ium Qone.
,roviding a cleaner) environmentCfriendly alternative as auto fuel to the residents of
;ucnow) Agra and Ta( Trape"ium Qone.
This will considerably bring down the alarmingly high levels of pollution.
The transport sector uses natural gas as Compressed Natural Gas 0CNG1) while the
$omestic) Commercial and Industrial sectors use it as ,iped Natural Gas 0,NG1.
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AISION OF COMPAN.
To mae Green Gas ;imited an unparalleled natural gas distribution company) providing
ecoCfriendly and clean fuel to transport) domestic) commercial and industrial sectors) with
a total commitment to provide #uality service to its customers.
MISSION OF COMPAN.
To provide safe) convenient and reliable gas supply to our customers in transport)
domestic) commercial and industrial sectors.
To provide a cleaner and environment friendly auto fuel to clients.
To facilitate conversions of commercial and private vehicles to CNG through
external agencies by
6. -aing available the #uality itsR and
2. Creating a networ of worshops to undertae reliable and speedy
conversion to CNG.
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS
A brief loo at the people behind GG; C The &rganisation Committed for Go
Green Concept.
A brief loo at the people behind GG; C The &rganisation Committed for Go
Green Concept.
-r. 9. Eenatraman
Chairman of Joard of $irectors

-r. C.$. Ioshi
-anaging $irector
-r. >arsha -ohan
$irector 0Commercial1

-r. A.O.-archanda
$irector
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FUTURE OUTLOOK
Green Gas ;td. has vigorous expansion plans for the implementation of City Gas
$istribution 0CG$1 pro(ects in its authori"ed areas. 9imultaneously) GG; will strive hard
to explore business opportunities in other parts of the country as well.
GG; will endeavor to provide the complete energy solution by moving beyond the CNG
and ,NG applications currently in existence. This would enable GG; to enhance value
for the staeholders including customers) shareholders and employees.
The need of the hour is to stay focused and stand by our vision and mission while
performing our duties so that the dream is transformed into reality. The company is
committed to be a customerCoriented organi"ation by adopting world class operational
practices. *e believe in organi"ational development by strengthening our internal
capabilities and systems.
4ecogni"ing the fact that vehicle owners will not convert their vehicles to CNG until and
unless CNG has been made available in ade#uate #uantity and at many locations across
the city) GG; decided to mae CNG available at multiple places and to ramp up the
availability of CNG both in terms of #uantity and geographical spread. This will help in
icing off the conversion process as well as developing the CNG demand.
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*1ILE USING CNG AS FUEL
DOs
Eehicle using CNG to follow the re#uired conditions mentioned in the central
motor vehicles rules
'nsuring that the worshop is authori"ed and observes safety standards and code
of practices in it installation and commissioning
Oit%cylinder to be of approved type for the mae of vehicle
Eehicle to undergo the re#uired preCconversion checs thoroughly
Complete and thorough lea test of the gas system
Installer+s certificate to be collected from the worshop
'ndorsement of CNG or biCfuel mode in 4egistration Certificate from 4T&
Annual checing of the CNG it and eeping the related certificates
CNG Cylinder to follow the Gas cylinder rules and to be hydro tested once in 3
years eeping in mind the certificate of the same
Certificate of CNG it) Fitness and hydro test to be possessed by the driver all the
time
Ac#uainting yourself with the mechanism of CNG and the precautions essential
for driving a CNG vehicle
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Don'ts
Juy components from different sources and install the it yourself
-odification or improvisation of the it at unauthori"ed worshops
Install an ;,G) ,ropane or any other cylinder in place of CNG cylinder
Filling ;,G) ,ropane or any other fuel in place of CNG in a CNG cylinder
,assengers on board while filling
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GETTING GASSED
IN a bid to encourage cleaner fuels the government has been promoting CNG and ;,G as
alternatives to conventional fuel 0petrol and diesel1. And with the public transport in the
capital and other metros already running on CNG) the problem of limited refuelling
outlets too seems to be disappearing. All this and the fact that green fuels mean lower
running costs compared to conventional auto fuels) has a significant number of private
vehicle owners interested in the CNG option.
To assess the cost factor) for a car lie the ,remier ,admini) a ilogram of CNG costs
round about 4s 2/ and offers a range of almost 2/m per g translating into running cost
of rupee a ilometre. &n the contrary) a litre of petrol) which costs about 4s 53) offers a
running cost of almost 4s 5 per ilometre.
'ven if we were to eep the better economy factor aside) CNG still offers a number of
benefits. The fact that CNG enters the engine in the form of gas instead of spray or mist
prevents the wash down of the lubricating oil from the top piston ring area eeping the
engine+s rate of depreciation to a bare minimum. In addition) the octane number of CNG
being 65/ as compared to BK of that of petrol helps thorough and rapid mixing of gas and
air in the correct proportion) thereby improving the combustion efficiency.
Taling about good conversion systems) it+s imperative that the system operate as close
to petrol as possible. In addition the ris of leaage should be marginal. 9o how much
does a good conversion system costS It can cost from around 4s 53)/// for a carburetted
engine to 4s 83)/// for fuel in(ected ones 0installation costs included1. For taxis though
it+s available on a discount at 4s 52)/// while for threeCwheelers the price touches 4s
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23)///. -ost of these its sold in India are brought in from Italy) while the remaining are
manufactured in Gu(arat.
A CNG it includes a conversion it and cylinder wherein the former is placed in the
engine bay while the latter goes into the boot. The it may be installed at any of the
authorised CNG worshops) which are increasing by the day. Jut attention must be paid
to the safety aspect while installation) which taes a simple soap test to ascertain if the
safety aspect is adhered to. The test involves covering the lines carrying CNG with a soap
solution) which indicate a lea by forming bubbles at suspect areas.
The basic components of a conversion it include a pressure regulator to provide the
system with fuel at a consistent operating pressure in addition to a mixer to ensure correct
air%fuel mixing in both stationary and dynamic conditions improving the drive of the
vehicle thans to improved mixing. Jesides a high pressure solenoid to allow the flow of
gas and a petrol solenoid to cut off the flow of petrol to the engine during gas operation.
A filling valve installed in the engine compartment between the storage cylinder and the
regulator aids easy refilling. The valve is connected to the refuelling system and a manual
ball device to open%shutoff gas in case of an emergency or for maintenance.
In the case the car runs out of gas) a change over switch is provided which is an
electronic control module allowing the user to switch to petrol. The gas from the cylinder
goes to the engine compartment through a pressure pipe) which is also connected to the
refuelling system. It is all part of the high pressure piping system that wors overtime to
avoid leaage. A pressure indicator is also provided to display the level of natural gas
remaining in the storage cylinder.
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Installation of the CNG it in a threeCwheeler 0below left1)
and a taxi refuelling at a CNG station. Though refuelling
taes (ust a few minutes the wait can be arduous 0below1.
The three ma(or parts employed for a CNG it installation:
mixer employed for correct airCfuel mixture) filler valve)
cylinder in the boot 0top to bottom) right1
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SAFET. ASPECTS
,ressure vessels) in this case the storage cylinder) are ideally made of high strength steel
or aluminium over wrapped with a composite material lie fibreCglass. There have been
reports of tan rupture upon refuelling due to the damaged fibre overCwrap thans to the
use of spurious cylinders) especially by unauthorised agents who carry out conversions
from petrol to CNG. Jut this problem can be addressed through ade#uate monitoring and
implementation efforts. CNG calls for highCpressure onCboard storage of the fuel around
2// atmosphere 05/// to 53//psi1 or more. ,roviding them as afterCmaret retrofits on
autos and cars without proper inspection would lead into disastrous results from the
safety point of view.
35
T1E DIESEL OPTION
In diesel engines) CNG can be used either as a dual fuel or mono fuel. In dual fuel mode)
diesel provides combustion initiation for CNG burning. Oits can be retrofitted to existing
vehicles for them to operate on diesel%CNG mode. >owever) under city driving
conditions) the substitution of diesel with CNG is #uite low and hence the gains in
emission reduction are also low.
Considering the limitations of emission reduction in a dual fuel engine) CNG can be used
as a mono fuel by converting the diesel engine to a spar ignition engine. This conversion
warrants ma(or changes in the engine and the operation of the vehicle becomes CNGC
dependent.
36
ABOUT GAIL
9tarted as a natural gas pipeline company in 67B8) GAI; has successfully evolved into a
ma(or integrated gas company with presence across the natural gas value chain and with
global footprints. GAI;+s success lies primarily in its pro(ect management sills that is
evident from the number of pipeline and petrochemical pro(ects been taen up and
completed efficiently. Jeing a lean and thin organi"ation) GAI; believes in containing
#uality talent who form a part of the GAI; family.
GAI; 0India1 ;imited has shown organic growth in gas transmission through the years by
building large networ of trun pipelines covering length of around 66/// Om.
;everaging on the core competencies) GAI; also laid 67// Om of ;,G pipeline across
the country which includes world+s longest exclusive ;,G pipeline) IamnagarC;oni
pipeline. GAI; played a ey role as gas maret developer in India for decades catering to
ma(or industrial sectors lie power) fertili"ers) and city gas distribution. Currently GAI;
transmits more than 6./ mmscmd of gas through its dedicated pipelines and have more
than K/@ maret share in both gas transmission and mareting.
GAI; diversified from gas mareting and transmission into ,olymer business by setting
up North India+s first gas based ,etrochemicals complex at ,ata) U,. 'ven without
having any prior experience in petrochemicals) GAI; commissioned the plant
successfully in year 6777 by rigorous team wor and pro(ect management capabilities.
Currently petrochemical business is one of the core focus area of GAI;. GAI; recently
set up a IE) Jrahmaputra Cracer and ,olymer ;imited) to construct a Greenfield
37
petrochemical plant in Assam. GAI; also has e#uity stae in &,A; petrochemical plant
led by &NGC.
As per the strategy of expanding global footprint) GAI; formed a whollyCowned
subsidiary company GAI; Global 09ingapore1 ,te ;td in 9ingapore 2//8 to route its
overseas investment. It successfully secures participation in 2 retail gas companies in
'gypt) Fayum Gas Company and 9hell CNG in 2//5 and ac#uired 63@ e#uity stae in
NatGas) 'gypt. GAI; forms a Ioint Eenture Company 0IEC1 with China Gas Global
'nergy >oldings ;imited in 2//K. In 2/6/) GAI; opened its first overseas representative
office in Cairo) 'gypt.
GAI; has been a leading public enterprise with a consistently excellent financial trac
record. The Turnover and ,AT have shown remarable accomplishment with CAG4 of
65@ and 68@ respectively in last decade.
GAI; always promotes the green and clean energy concept and use of natural gas as
energy source. In this direction) GAI; set up several IE and subsidiaries for CG$. First
such IE) -ahanagar Gas ;imited formed with Jritish Gas incorporated to implement
-umbai City Gas $istribution pro(ect followed by Indraprastha Gas ;imited 0IG;1 to
supply of gas to household sector) transport sector ! commercial consumers in $elhi. In
2//B) GAI; incorporated a wholly owned subsidiary) GAI; gas ;td to focus on city gas
distribution.
GAI;+s achievements has recogni"ed by industry and following are the list of a few
awards received by GAI; for its excellence
38
No.6 gas utility company in Asia and No.2 gas utility company globally)
T,;ATT9 Top 23/+) 2/6/.
9elected as the top Indian company in the Gas ,rocessing) Transmission and
-areting sector for the $un ! Jradstreet C American 'xpress Corporate Awards
2//..
GAI;<s $ahe(CEi(aipur ,ipeline ,ro(ect won the 9ilver -edal in -ega ,ro(ects
Category at the International ,ro(ect -anagement Association Awards) 2//..
4eceived the ,latts Global Industry ;eadership Award 2//3.
4ated as one of the Jest 'mployers in India by >ewitt Associates in 2//8
Global ,latts 9urvey No. 6 Company among global gas utilities in terms of 4eturn
on Invested Capital 02//2C/51
39
COINT AENTURES OF GAIL
GAI; has formed 9ubsidiaries and Ioint Eenture companies for City Gas $istribution
and ,etrochemicals. GAI; is one of the pioneers to introduce City Gas ,ro(ects in India
for gas supplies to households) commercial users and for the transport sector by forming
9ubsidiaries% Ioint Eenture Companies.
3. AaBantika Ga" Li!ite# DAGLE is a Ioint Eenture comapany of GAI; 0India1 ;imited
and >industan ,etroleum Corporation ;imited 0>,C;1) for implementation of City Gas
,ro(ects to supply ,iped Natural Gas 0,NG1 to consumers in domestic) industrial and
commercial sectors and Compressed Natural Gas 0CNG1 ! Auto ;,G to
automobile sector in the cities of -adhya ,radesh.
AG; was incorporated on Kth Iune 2//. and it<s registered office is located in Indore.
Initial subscription to the -emorandum of Association 0-&A1 and Articles of
Association is made by GAI;) >,C;) I;!F9) I$FC) I$FC,' and ICICI Eentures. 9tate
Govt. of -adhya ,radesh has been offered 3@ e#uity in the share capital of the
Company.
The ob(ective and mission of AG; is to provide safe) convenient and reliable natural gas
supply to various sectors. The single biggest factor in support of natural gas is
environmental advantages and convenience to consumers in terms of unCinterrupted gas
supply.
,. B(ag<anagar Ga" Lt#. has be promoted by leading ,9U &il ! Gas giants.
Gail 0India1 ;td.
40
>,C;
JG; is currently operating . CNG stations in Ei(aywada and 8 CNG stations in
>yderabad and one CNG station in 4a(ahmundery. JG; is supplying CNG in these 5
cities to almost .)/// vehicles. JG; is also operating two Auto ;,G stations in
>yderabad and one Auto ;,G station in Tirupati. JG; has received authori"ation from
-o,NG for City Gas $istribution 0CG$1 in >yderabad ! Ei(aywada. GAI; has 22.3@
stae in the Company along with >,C; as e#ual partner.
-. Centra% U.P. Ga" Lt#. 0CUG;1 is currently operating K CNG stations in Oanpur and 2
CNG stations in Jareily. CUG; is supplying CNG to almost 62)/// vehicles in the two
cities. CUG; commenced its domestic supply of ,NG with connections to 53 households
in Oanpur. CUG; has received authori"ation from -o,NG for CG$ in Oanpur !
Jareilly. GAI; has 22.3@ stae in the Company along with J,C; as e#ual partner.
/. Green Ga" Lt#. 0GG;1 is currently operating . CNG stations in ;ucnow and 5 CNG
stations in Agra. GG; is supplying CNG in the two cities. GG; has tied up for
commencement of domestic supply of ,NG with connections to households) commercial
and industrial establishments. -o,NG has authori"ed GG; for CG$ in ;ucnow !
Agra. GAI; has 22.3@ stae in the Company along with I&C; as e#ual partner.
6. In#rapra"t(a Ga" Lt#. 0IG;1 is the largest CG$ entity in terms of CNG sales and the
number of vehicles supplied by CNG in India. IG; has received authori"ation from
-o,NG for CG$ in $elhi ! its suburbs vi". N&I$A 0Gautam Judh Nagar1) Greater
N&I$A) Gurgaon) Faridabad and Gha"iabad.
41
IG; is supplying piped gas to around 2 lacs domestic) 58/ commercial) 2/ small
industrial consumers and CNG to over 5 lac vehicles through around 2// CNG stations in
NC4.
GAI; has 22.3@ stae in the Company along with J,C; as e#ual partner.
7. Ma(anagar GAS Lt#. -G; is a Ioint Eenture of GAI; and Jritish Gas. -G; has set
up 68/ CNG stations catering to over 2 lac vehicles spread over -umbai) Thane) -iraC
Jhayandar and NaviC-umbai areas besides supplying ,NG to over 8.3 lac domestic
customers) more than 6)/// small industrial ! commercial consumers. It has received
authori"ation from -o,NG for CG$ in -umbai) $istrict Thane including Navi -umbai
! -ira Jhayander. GAI; has 87.K3@ stae in the Company along with Jritish Gas as
e#ual partner.
8. Ma(ara"(tra Nat$ra% Ga" Lt#. 0-NG;1 is a Ioint Eenture of GAI; and Jharat
,etroleum Corporation ;imited 0J,C;1 for implementation of City Gas ,ro(ects in and
around ,une city. -NG; has received authori"ation from -o,NG for CG$ in ,une
including ,impri) Chinchwad) Talegaon) >in(ewadi ! Chaan areas. It has started 6/
stations supplying CNG to nearly 3)/// vehicles. GAI; has 22.3@ stae in the Company
along with J,C; as e#ual partner.
9. GAI; is in the process of ac#uiring e#uity stae in ONGC Petr2 a##itin" Li!ite#
DOPaLE) which is a Ioint Eenture of GAI; with &il and Natural Gas Corporation ;td.
and Gu(arat 9tate ,etroleum Corporation ;td.) for setting up ,etrochemical ,ro(ect at
$ahe( in Gu(arat. &,a; is setting up a green field petrochemical complex of 6.6 --T,A
ethylene capacity 0dual feed cracer1 in $ahe() Gu(arat.
42
0. Petrnet LNG Lt#. 0,;;1 has been formed for setting up of ;NG import and
regasification facilities. ,;; has a long term ;NG supply contract with 4asGas) Matar)
for import of K.3 --T,A of ;NG. ,;; $ahe( terminal in Gu(arat has been expanded to
6/ --T,A capacity. ,;; has successfully implemented a pilot pro(ect for supplying
;NG through cryogenic road taners. ,;; is also coming up with a ;NG terminal at
Oochi) Oerala) with an initial capacity of 2.3 --T,A) expandable up to 3 --T,A and
it is scheduled to be operational by end of 2/66. GAI; has 62.3@ e#uity stae in ,;;)
along with J,C;) &NGC and I&C; as e#ual partners.
3=. Ratnagiri Ga" an# P?er PriBate Lt#. 04G,,;1 is a (oint venture company
between GAI;) NT,C) Financial Institutions and -9'J. The capacity of the 4atnagiri
Gas ! ,ower 9tation is 2)63/ -*) which is the largest gas based power generation
facility in the country and is currently producing 6)B3/ -* of power. 4G,,; is in the
process of commissioning an ;NG import terminal of 3 --T,A capacity. GAI; has
52.BB@ stae in the Company along with NT,C as e#ual partner.
33. Trip$ra Nat$ra% Ga" C!pan< Lt#. 0TNGC;1 is presently supplying gas to around
K)3// domestic) 6K/ commercial and industrial consumers and has set up one CNG
station in Agartala) which is catering to more than 6)8// vehicles. TNGC; has received
authori"ation from -o,NG for CG$ in Agartala. GAI; has 27@ stae in the Company.
3,. Gai% C(ina Ga" G%@a% Energ< 1%#ing" Li!ite#: The (oint venture company has
been formed with an ob(ective to pursue gas sector opportunities) mainly in China. GAI;
has 3/@ e#uity interest in the company along with China Gas as e#ual partner. The (oint
43
venture company is in the process of identifying pro(ects in gas and other related areas in
China.
44
ABOUT INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED
DIOCLE
AISION *IT1 AALUES
45
OBCECTIAES *IT1 OBLIGATIONS4 IOCL
OBCECTIAES
To serve the national interests in oil
and related sectors in accordance and
consistent with Government policies.
To ensure maintenance of continuous
and smooth supplies of petroleum
products by way of crude oil refining)
transportation and mareting activities
and to provide appropriate assistance to consumers to conserve and use petroleum
products efficiently.
To enhance the country<s selfCsufficiency in crude oil refining and build expertise
in laying of crude oil and petroleum product pipelines.
To further enhance mareting infrastructure and reseller networ for providing
assured service to customers throughout the country.
To create a strong research ! development base in refinery processes) product
formulations) pipeline transportation and alternative fuels with a view to
minimi"ing%eliminating imports and to have next generation products.
To optimise utilisation of refining capacity and maximi"e distillate yield and
gross refining margin.
46
To maximise utilisation of the existing facilities for improving efficiency and
increasing productivity.
To minimise fuel consumption and hydrocarbon loss in refineries and stoc loss
in mareting operations to effect energy conservation.
To earn a reasonable rate of return on investment.
To avail of all viable opportunities) both national and global) arising out of the
Government of India+s policy of liberalisation and reforms.
To achieve higher growth through mergers) ac#uisitions) integration and
diversification by harnessing new business opportunities in oil exploration !
production) petrochemicals) natural gas and downstream opportunities overseas.
To inculcate strong Tcore values+ among the employees and continuously update
sill sets for full exploitation of the new business opportunities.
To develop operational synergies with subsidiaries and (oint ventures and
continuously engage across the hydrocarbon value chain for the benefit of society
at large.

47
OBLIGATIONS
T?ar#" '$"t!er" an# #ea%er":C To provide prompt) courteous and efficient
service and #uality products at competitive prices.
T?ar#" "$pp%ier":C To ensure prompt dealings with integrity) impartiality and
courtesy and help promote ancillary industries.
T?ar#" e!p%<ee":C To develop their capabilities and facilitate their
advancement through appropriate training and career planning. To have fair
dealings with recognised representatives of employees in pursuance of healthy
industrial relations practices and sound personnel policies.
T?ar#" '!!$nit<:C To develop technoCeconomically viable and environmentC
friendly products. To maintain the highest standards in respect of safety)
environment protection and occupational health at all production units.
T?ar#" Defen'e SerBi'e":C To maintain ade#uate supplies to $efence and other
paraCmilitary services during normal as well as emergency situations.

48
FINANCIAL OBCECTIAES
To ensure ade#uate return on the capital employed and maintain a reasonable
annual dividend on e#uity capital.
To ensure maximum economy in expenditure.
To manage and operate all facilities in an efficient manner so as to generate
ade#uate internal resources to meet revenue cost and re#uirements for pro(ect
investment) without budgetary support.
To develop longCterm corporate plans to provide for ade#uate growth of the
Corporation+s business.
To reduce the cost of production of petroleum products by means of systematic
cost control measures and thereby sustain maret leadership through cost
competitiveness.
To complete all planned pro(ects within the scheduled time and approved cost.
49
GROUP COMPANIES
'xpanding >ori"ons Indian&il is currently metamorphosing from a pure sectoral
company with dominance in downstream in India to a vertically integrated) transnational
energy behemoth. The Corporation is already on the way to becoming a ma(or player in
petrochemicals by integrating its core refining business with petrochemical activities)
besides maing large investments in '!, and import%mareting ventures for oil!gas in
India and abroad.
Group Companies of I&C;:
6. ;ana I&C ,;C
2. Indian &il 0-auritius ;td.1
5. I&C -iddle 'ast FQ'
8. Chennai ,etroleum Corporation ;td.
3. Indian &il A C4'$A Jiofuels ;td.
50
51
RESEARC1 MET1ODOLOG.
OBCECTIAES OF T1E STUD.42
To understand the perception of consumers about CNG.
To study about consumers expectation from the Green Gas ;td.
The problems faced by the consumers of CNG.
To study the satisfaction level of consumers of CNG.
To give few suggestion to increase more consumers of CNG.
NEED FOR T1E STUD.42
To now the consumer perception about CNG) it contains different type of consumer+s
satisfaction level) their expectations and interest. *hat ind of problems consumers
facing in use of CNG.
LIMITATION OF T1E STUD.42
6. Time is limiting factor
2. 4espondents bias
5. 4estricted to ;ucnow city
8. ,eoples didn+t show the interest to fill the #uestionnaires
52
RESEARC1 DESIGN
A research design is simply the framewor or plan for a study that is used as guide in
collecting and analy"ing the data. It is blue print that is followed in completing a study.
According to Ker%inger) Re"ear'( #e"ign i" t(e p%an "tr$'t$re) an# "trateg< f
inBe"tigatin 'n'eiBe# " a" t @tain an"?er" t re"ear'( F$e"tin an# t 'ntr%
Barian'e.&
The mareting research designs are classified on the basis of fundamental ob(ective of the
research. They may be exploratory or conclusive.
>ere in pro(ect Consumers 9atisfaction with CNG) the nature of research is exploratory)
$escriptive) and Analytical.. This research is to cover the nature of consumers using
CNG. And the thining and perception of consumers about CNG and the way of getting
profit ! convenience by using CNG is their vehicles basically those who are living in the
;ucnow.
The research tries to explore) describe and analy"e the benefits of CNG uses.
53
Data Collection method
PRIMAR. DATA
As the research is exploratory describe and Analytical in nature concerning consumers
related to the CNG users. ,rimary data collected by the ;$e"tinnaire and #ire't
intera'tin with different people.
SECONDAR. DATA
To obtain 9econdary data I have used following resourcesC
N'*9,A,'49
*'J 9IT'9
54
SAMPLING
Nat$re f Sa!p%ing2
In this pro(ect sample survey was conducted where the data was collected from some
CNG users of ;ucnow. The respondents selected were the users of CNG specially auto
ricshaw drivers.
Sa!p%ing Unit2
The sampling unit for the consumers is taen through #uestionnaires and direct
interviews in ;ucnow which may be user of CNG vehicle.
Sa!p%ing SiGe2
*hen survey is undertaen it is not possible to cover the entire population. The sample
si"e decision is related directly to research cost.
The 9ampling si"e was undertaen for investors through #uestionnaires for our research
purpose is 3==.
Sa!p%ing Met(#2
9ince the chance of any particular unit in the population being selected is unnown so we
have used NonC,robability sampling. *e have further used purposive sampling.
A#Bantage f "a!p%ing2
6. 9ampling is much more economical than a normal survey.
2. Joth the execution of the field wor and the analysis of the result can be carried out
speedily.
5. Information collected is more detailed and of speciali"ed.
CNG B" PETROL2DEISEL IN LUCKNO*
55
C"t Of Petr% DR$pee" per %itreE K2.57 4s%ltr
Die"e% 85.3. 4s%ltr
CNG 8/ 4s%g
T(ere are t? f%# @enefit" f r$nning <$r Be(i'%e n CNG '!pare#
t Petr% r Die"e%4
6. Uour vehicle runs more distance in one ilogram of CNG compared to
one litre of ,etrol or one litre of $iesel.
2. ,rice of one ilogram of CNG is much less than the price of one litre
of ,etrol or one litre of $iesel.
Comparison of cost of running vehicles on liquid fuel [Petrol & Diesel] in
litres compared to CNG in g!
BACAC AUTO
On Petr% On CNG
Mi%eage 23Om%litre 8/ Om%Og
C"t f R$nning 2.234s%Om /.7.4s%Om
SaBing #$e t CNG 6.27 4s%Om
C"t f r$nning n CNG a" > f r$nning n Petr% 82..K@
SaBing" #$e t CNG a" > f r$nning n Petr% 3K.55 @
Dai%< SaBing"
DFr 3==K! ABerageE
4s. 627
Ann$a% SaBing" 4s. 8K)/B3.28
CAR MARUTI
On Petr% On CNG
Mi%eage 63Om%litre 26 Om%Og
C"t f R$nning 5.K34s%Om 6.B34s%Om
56
SaBing #$e t CNG 6.7/ 4s%Om
C"t f r$nning n CNG a" > f r$nning n Petr% 87.55 @
SaBing" #$e t CNG a" > f r$nning n Petr% 3/.KK @
Dai%< SaBing"
DFr 7=K! ABerageE
4s. 668
Ann$a% SaBing" 4s. 86).6/
Car DIn#i'a H A!@a""a#rE
On Petr% On CNG
Mi%eage 68Om%litre 2/ Om%Og
C"t f R$nning 8./24s%Om 6.734s%Om
SaBing #$e t CNG 2./K 4s%Om
C"t f r$nning n CNG a" > f r$nning n Petr% 8B.3/ @
SaBing" #$e t CNG a" > f r$nning n Petr% 36.3/ @
Dai%< SaBing" DFr 7=K! ABerageE 4s. 628.2/
Ann$a% SaBing" 4s. 83)555
57
Car DIn#i'a H A!@a""a#rE
On Die"e% On CNG
Mi%eage 62Om%litre 2/ Om%Og
C"t f R$nning 5.274s%Om 6.734s%Om
SaBing #$e t CNG 6.58 4s%Om
C"t f r$nning n CNG a" > f r$nning n Die"e% 37.2K @
SaBing" #$e t CNG a" > f r$nning n Die"e% 8/.K5 @
Dai%< SaBing"
DFr 7=K! ABerageE
4s. B/.8/
Ann$a% SaBing" 4s. 27)58../5
B$" DCit<E
On Die"e% On CNG
Mi%eage 8 Om%litre 3 Om%g
C"t f R$nning 7.B74s%Om K.B/4s%Om
SaBing #$e t CNG 2./7 4s%Om
C"t f r$nning n CNG a" > f r$nning n Die"e% KB.BK @
SaBing" #$e t CNG a" > f r$nning n Die"e% 26.65 @
Dai%< SaBing"
DFr ,,=K! ABerageE
4s. 837.B/
Ann$a% SaBing" 4s. 6).K)B2K
58
B$" D1ig(?a<E
On Die"e% On CNG
Mi%eage 8 Om%litre 3 Om%Og
C"t f R$nning 7.B74s%Om K.B/4s%Om
SaBing #$e t CNG 2./7 4s%Om
C"t f r$nning n CNG a" > f r$nning n Die"e% KB.BK @
SaBing" #$e t CNG a" > f r$nning n Die"e% 26.65 @
Dai%< SaBing"
DFr -86 K! ABerageE
4s. KB5.K3
Ann$a% SaBing" 4s. 2B.)/.B.K3
S$!!ar< f B$"e"
Dai%< SaBing" n 6== @$"e" in 'it< DR".E 2277//
Ann$a% SaBing" n 6== @$"e" in 'it< DR".E B57653//
Dai%< SaBing" n 6== @$"e" n 1ig(?a< DR".E 576BK3
Ann$a% SaBing" n 6== @$"e" n 1ig(?a< DR".E 685/585K3
59
S*OT ANAL.SIS
STRENGT1S4
;ocation of the pro(ect will play a pivotal role in the successful running of the
CNG station. The daily turnover of the cars largely depends on this important
factor.
9election of proper e#uipment is another ey for carrying out the successful
operations of the proposed pro(ect. As we are importing e#uipment mostly from
abroad hence it will surely affect our performance positively.
*EAKNESSES4
;ac of expertise might be our wea point.
*e are going to start a venture when there is prevailing a general shortfall of gas
supply in the country.
*e have currently no silled worers for this venture that might be a challenge
for us.
60
OPPORTUNITIES4
The proposed pro(ect would have a number of competitive advantages:
The pro(ect will provide cheaper fuel to its customers compared to the petroleum
products which are already on the higher side.
Government has exempted the imposition of sales tax and custom duties on the
import of CNG its and CNG plant and e#uipment)
>$I,) a nonCprofitable organi"ation woring under the umbrella of -inistry of
,etroleum and Natural 4esources) provides consultancy services to the interested
parties for setting up the CNG filling stations.
T1REATS4
The proposed pro(ect will be facing the following threat:
-aret saturation over a longer period of time due to a large number of entrants.
Threat of increase in the prices of the natural gas by the government.
61
62
DATA ANAL.SIS
6. 9ince when are you using CNG in your vehicles:
/C2 years 8B
2C8 years 5.
8C. years 6.
Interpretatin4 -ost of CNG users are new users of CNG. It shows that CNG uses has
been increased in recent time.
63
2. >ow much do you save per month on CNG as compared to petrol%diesel:
Jelow 4s. 6// 66
4s. 6//C4s. 5// 2B
4s. 5//C4s. 3// 52
4s. 3//C4s. K// 26
4s. K// ! above B
64
Interpretatin4 -ost of CNG users are able to save 6//C3// 4upees in 6 month. *hich
is a good saving in concern of middle class consumer.
65
5. Are you satisfied with the savings which you mae on CNG:
Ues 7.
No 8
Interpretatin4 -ost of CNG users are satisfied with saving by use of CNG.
66
8. *hat is your average running on the vehicle:
Jelow 8/ 5.
8/C./ .2
./CB/ 2
Above B/ /
Interpretatin4 According to survey CNG consumers are getting better average of 8/C./
comparing to the ,etrol ! $iesel.
67
68
3. >ow fre#uently do you get your vehicle refilled in a monthS
6C5 2.
8C3 .5
.CB 6/
BV 6
Interpretatin4 According to survey most of CNG consumers refill 8C3 times in a month.
69
70
.. $o you incur any additional maintenance cost while using CNG vehicle:
Ues /
No 6//
Interpretatin4 According to survey use of CNG is vehicles doesn+t force any extra
maintenance cost..
71
K. >ow does CNG usage affect your vehicle+s engine life:
Increases 6
$ecreases 53
4emains 9ame .8

Interpretatin4 According to survey use of CNG in vehicles doesn+t affect on engine of
vehicles. -eans use of CNG has no sideCeffect on engine.
72
B. $o you face any other problem while using CNGS ,lease tic:
Not suitable for long distance (ourney 36
;imited number of refilling points 88
9afety 3
Interpretatin4 According to survey most of the CNG consumers thins that depending
on CNG only is not enough for ;ong $istance Iourney and Number of refilling stations is
another concern for consumers but less consumers thin that there any safety issue with
use of CNG.
73
74
FINDINGS
CNG AE1ICLES IN LUCKNO*

N$!@er f CNG Ae(i'%e" in L$'kn?
Ae(i'%e T<pe N. f CNG Ae(i'%e"
A$t Ri'k"(a? 82/K
Te!p Ta+i 2358
Cit< B$"e"
UPSRTC B$"e"
PriBate
2.
2./
B/
S'(% B$" 5K/
Car" 85/
75
CNG OUTLETS IN LUCKNO*
CNG $t%et" in L$'kn?
L'atin A##re""
O?ner
C!pan<
T<pe f
$t%et
Amausi ,lot No.AC8) Industrial
Area) Nadargan( Amausi)
;ucnow
GG; -other
9tation
Oanpur >ardoi
by pass
Triuta Filling 9tation
Oanpur >ardoi bypass near
Juddeshwar Crossing)
;ucnow
I&C; $aughter
Jooster
9tation 0$J91
-adion 9tandard Fuel Centre)
9itapur 4oad) -adion)
;ucnow
I&C; $aughter
Jooster
9tation 0$J91
Gomti Nagar Commercial ,lot No.C8)
Eibhuti Ohand) ;ucnow.
GG; -other
9tation
Gomti
Nagar0C&C&1
C&C& Gomati nagar)
;ucnow.
I&C; $aughter
Jooster
9tation 0$J91
Fai"abad 4oad 9aet filling
Centre)chinhat)Fai"abad
4oad ;ucnow.
I&C; $aughter
9tation 0$91
Ashiana Indra Automobiles ,,C6)
9ectorC-) Ashiana)
;ucnow
I&C; &nCline
9tation
76
-ost of CNG users are new users of CNG. It shows that CNG uses has been
increased in recent time.
-ost of CNG users are able to save 6//C3// 4upees in 6 month) *hich is a good
saving in concern of middle class consumer.
-ost of CNG users are satisfied with saving by use of CNG.
CNG consumers are getting better average of 8/C./ comparing to the ,etrol !
$iesel.
Use of CNG is vehicles doesn+t force any extra maintenance cost..
Use of CNG in vehicles doesn+t affect on engine of vehicles. -eans use of CNG
has no sideCeffect on engine.
-ost of the CNG consumers thins that depending on CNG only is not enough
for ;ong $istance Iourney and Number of refilling stations is another concern for
consumers but less consumers thin that there any safety issue with use of CNG.
77
78
CONCLUSION
Compressed Natural Gas has been accepted as an alternative fuel by the public at
large.
The success of CNG 'xpansion ,rogram would depend on many factors. The ey
factors being the economy of CNG visCWCvis other conventional fuels) adherence
to safety guidelines and the Government 9upport.
CNG is proven ! commercially available clean fuel.
Use of CNG has been most common in Juses ! autoCricshaws.
CNG bound for a phenomenal growth with the availability of NG in different
cities.
9afety of CNG vehicles and CNG economics are ey factors for the success of
CNG program.
Green Gas ;imited is committed to build clean ! green environment.
The emphasis of Govt: would be on fuels with lowest emissions.
>owever) CNG is here for the time being till a better fuel is discovered offering
better economics to the users.
.
79
80
SUGGESTIONS
Implement rigorous thirdCparty inspection of vehicles and CNG fueling stations.
9upplement periodic inspections with onCroad checs.
,ublic transport policy should emphasi"e new dedicated CNG vehicles rather than
conversions.
Improve fueling infrastructure: Found that ./@ of stations that were daughter
stations were selling 63@ of the gas. ,lan more online stations. 9eparate fueling
facilities for buses and large trucs
Train drivers) mechanicsXeveryone related
$esign fiscal and regulatory measures
$evelop institutional capacity. Constant monitoring
New programme re#uires a supportive institutional framewor. Consistently wor
towards improving the programme content
81
82
BIBLIOGRAP1.
*e@"ite"4
???.gg%e.'!
???.gg%n%ine.net
???.gai% .ni'.in
???.i'% .'!
"""!"i#ipedia!com
83
;UESTIONNAIRE
NAME
CONTACT
AE1ICLE NUMBER
AE1ICLE T.PE
.EAR OF PURC1ASE
$e "ould %e grateful if &ou could spare a fe" minutes to complete this Customer
'atisfaction (uestionnaire to help us ensure that our standard of customer care
e)ceeds e)pectations "herever possi%le*
6. 9ince when are you using CNG in your vehicles:
/C2 yrs. 2C8 yrs. 8C. yrs
2. >ow much do you save per month on CNG as compared to petrol%diesel:
Jelow 4s. 6// 4s. 6//C4s. 5// 4s. 5//C4s. 3//
4s. 3//C4s. K// 4s. K// ! above
5. Are you satisfied with the savings which you mae on CNG:
Ues No
84
8. *hat is your average running on the vehicle:
Jelow 8/ 8/C./ ./CB/ B/ ! above
3. >ow fre#uently do you get your vehicle refilled in a month:
6C5 8C3 .CB BV
.. $o you incur any additional maintenance cost while using CNG vehicle:
Ues No
K. >ow does CNG usage affect your vehicle+s engine life:
Increases $ecreases 4emains 9ame
B. $o you face any other problem while using CNGS ,lease tic:
Not suitable for long distance (ourney
;imited number of refilling points
9afety
7. Any suggestions for improved services:
85
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