1

Cu 1: Ti sao phi lm mt cho MP, trnh by cc phng php lm mt cho

MP ? So snh s ging,khc nhau & phm vi s dng ca vic lm mt bng khng
kh & kh hidro cho MF ?
Trog qu trnh vn hnh MF lm pht sinh cc tn hao(tn hao do lm mt,tn hao
do c) lm cho MF b pht ng,lm gi ha cch in nhanh chy my,gim tui th &
lm gim kh nng ti ca MF. nng cao kh nng vn hnh MF,tng tui th nn ta
phi lm mt cho MF.Qa trnh lm mt c thc hin theo 2 phng php: gin tip v
trc tip.
A.Lm mt gin tip b mt
1.Lm mt b mt bng khng kh:
a,Lm mt tun hon t nhin
b,Lm mt tun hon cg bc.
2)Lm mt b mt bng kh H
2

B.Lm mt trc tip
- L phng php cho kh H
2
,

khng kh,tun hon trc tip bn trog g dy dn
in hay i qua h thg g g dn c txc vi dy dn in.Pp ny c hsut lm mt cao
hn pp lm mt b mt thg p dg cho cc mp tuabin hi.
- Lm mt bng nc ct tinh khit ng dng trog nhg mp tuabin kh c csut ln v
cc mp thy lc ln c tc thp.
- Lm mt bng gi t nhin: ch c p dg cho cc my nh,gi thh thp.
- Kiu thg gi bng ng li ra:ht bn trog & thi bn ngoi nhit bn trog k
tg,c tig n kh nh,y l loi trug gian ja loi m & loi g hton cun dy cng d
b nhim bn.
- Kiu thg gi bng ng li ra v li vo: thg p dg cho cc my nh hn
20MVA gi thh sn xut cao cn trag b chg rung.
- Kiu trao i nhit lm mt bng nc: thg p dg cho cc my cng sut ln gi
thnh sn xut cao.
So snh s ging,khc nhau & phm vi s dng ca vic lm mt bng khng kh
& kh hidro cho MF ?
- Ging nhau: a cht lm mt (khng kh or kh hydro) qua cc khe h gia stator &
rotor v cc khe h c ch to vi mc ch lm mt.


H thng
lm mt
Lm mt b mt bng khng kh
Lm mt b mt bng
Hidro
Lm mt tun hon t
nhin
Lm mt tun hon
cg bc.
- S dng rotor lm
mt,khi rotor quay s
to thnh gi tun
hon t nhin thi mt
my theo hg trc.
Khng kh dng lm
mt ly t bn ngoi
gian my thi qua
Dng qut gi (hoc
khng kh) thi khng
kh tun hon cng
bc qua b mt MFD.
Lm mt bng kh thi
c thc hin trog 1h
thng bm tun hon &
g ng dn khng
Lm mt bng kh
Hidro c thc hin
trog 1h thng bm
tun hon & g ng
dn kh theo 1chu trnh
kn kt hp vi b lc
bi & h thg lm lnh
bng dn phun nc.
2

MF ri thi ra ngoi.

kh theo 1chu trnh kn
kt hp vi b lc bi
& h thg lm lnh
bng dn phun nc.

u im Phng php n gin,
khng tn km vt liu
khi tn dng c rotor
Cun dy ca MF t
b bn,hiu sut cao,t
chu tc g ca nhit
mi trng bn
ngoi.
C kh nng iu chnh
c nhit lm mt.
nu xy ra ha hon h
thng c kh nng dp
la cho MF
Hiu lm mt cao,h
thng c kthc nh
gn.
Kh ng tn nhit
nhanh,ngn chn bi
bn & hi m chui vo
MF nn chg c lo
ha cho cc vt liu
cch in trog MF

Nhc im Khng kh lm mt cn
nhiu bi bn lm h
hi cch in, hiu sut
lm mt thp
Phi lp h thng qut
lm thi tiu tn in
nng h thng
Yu cu v sch kh
H
2
99,9%.
Phi trang b h thg
sn xut & bnh kh nn
d tr H
2
.
Nu khng c p lc
kh H
2
khng kh d
xm nhp vo g
a hi m vo trog
cun dy MF.
Khi c kch n ngn la
H
2
gy ra p lc ln.

Phm vi ng
dng
p dg cho cc loi
MFD c cng sut nh
mc di 3 MW.

g dng cho cc MF
c cng sut trn 3MW
ng dng cho cc
MF c cng sut ln


Cu 2: Mc ch, ngha ca vic b cng sut phn khng trong HT?Trnh by
cc phng php iu chnh in p trn h thng in?
A,Mc ch, ngha
- ng c khng ng b cn 1 lng cng sut phn khng kh ln t ha mch t lm quay
ng c
- My bin p cn 1 lng cng sut phn khng t ha mch t bin i in p
- ng dy trn khng, in khng v cc thit b in khc u cn 1 lng cng sut phn khng
nht nh Cng sut phn khng tiu th cng nhiu th h s cos thp v s lm xu cht lng
li in, nh my truyn ti phi thm cng sut Q t lm tng thm dung lng my pht, tng
dng in ph ti nn tn tht trong h thng cng tng....
3

V vy trnh truyn ti mt lng Q kh ln trn ng dy ngi ta t gn cc h dng
in cc thit b sinh ra Q cung cp trc tip cho ph ti. Lm nh vy c gi l b cng sut
phn khng. Khi c b cng sut phn khng th gc lch pha gia U v I trong mng s nh i, do
cos ca mng c nng cao.
B cng sut phn khng gim tn tht cng sut, gim tn tht in nng ci
thin in p,h s cng sut ,hn ch cc dao ng in p ln do cc ph ti tiu th cspk
thay i nhiu (nh cc l in h quang v cc nhiu lon trn li in do nh hg ca
cc sng hi bc cao) nhm ci thin cht lg cug cp in v tg hiu qu kih t .
+ ngha :
Gim c tn tht cng sut trn mng in:
2 2
1 1
2
.
dm
P Q
S Z
U
+
A =
=> Q gim th tn tht trn ng dy gim.
- Gim c tn tht in p trong mng in :
. . P R Q X
U
U
+
A =
- Tng kh nng truyn ti ca ng dy v my bin p: 3. . S U I =
Kt lun:
+ Cc phng php iu chnh in p


iu chnh in p ta c th s dng cc phng php sau y:
+/iu chnh in p my pht in bng iu chnh dng in kch t my pht.
+/iu chnh in p u ra ca my bin p tng p v ca my bin p gim p bng cch
t u phn p c nh hoc iu p di ti.
+/iu chnh in p trn ng dy ti in bng my bin p iu chnh v my bin p
b tr.
+/t cc thit b b ngang c iu chnh thay i tn tht in p trn ng dy, c th
dng b t in, my b ng b hoc ng c in ng b c iu chnh kch t.
+/t thit b b dc trn ng dy thay i in khng ng dy nhm thay i tn
tht in p.
+/ gim cng sut phn khng trn ng dy ta tin hnh b cho cc ph ti ,ta t thit
b b pha th cp ca MBA trong cc trm h p.
*/ V a im thc hin iu chnh in p, c th nh my in, trn mng in khu vc
v mng in a phng hoc t ngay ti thit b dng in.
Cc thit b s dng iu chnh in p gm c:
-My bin p c b iu p
-My bin p b tr v my bin p iu chnh ng dy
-My b ng b
-B t in c iu chnh
-ng c ng b c iu chnh kch t.
-Thit b b thng minh FACTS
4

Cu 1: c im, yu cu v phn loi my pht in ? So snh s ging v khc nhau
c bn ca MF tuabin hi v tuabin nc ?
Tr li:
c im
MF l tng ha cc thit b in bin i nng lng s cp (than, du, kh...) thnh in
nng qua momen s cp lm quay tuabin









Khi cng sut c M1 thay i, s lm cho tn s f v cng sut tc dng P
F
thay i
Cn khi cng sut kch t (hoc dng kch t) thay i s lm cho in p U (sc in
ng E) v cng sut phn khng Q
F
thay i.
Nh vy v c bn, tn s c iu chnh bi cng sut c, cn in p c iu
chnh bi cng sut kch t. Tuy nhin s iu chnh cng sut c M1 cng lm thay i
cht t in p U v s iu chnh cng sut kch t (0) cng lm thay i c tn s
nhng khng nhiu.
yu cu
- Ch c th pht ra in nng c trng(s,f,u,i) khi c cc iu kin sau:
+ phi c dng in kch thch a vo cun dy roto ca MF to ra t thng
chnh.Dng in kch thch ny do my pht kch thch mt chiu cung cp.
+ phi c cng sut c to momen c M1 lama quay roto ca MF ,cng sut c do
cc ng c s cp cung cp.
-Ch lm vic ca my pht in
+Lm vic vi ch bnh thng: l ch lm vic ng vi cc tham s nh mc
hoc cc tham s gn vi gi tr nh mc: cng sut, dng stator,rotor,tn s, h s cng
sut,nhit v p sut ca mi cht.
+ Lm vic khi in p v cng sut, tn s sai lch gi tr nh mc:
. - lm vic khi kh H
2
thay i:
Khng cho php my pht in lm vic khi lm mt bng khng kh,tr trng hp
chy khng ti c kch t.Nu my pht in c lama mt bng hidro m khi p lc
ca h2 <2,5 KG/cm2 th khng cho php lama vic.Khi nhit ca h2 ln hn gi tr
nh mc dng in ca stator v rotor ca my pht in phi gim n mc sao cho
nhit ca cc cun dy khng ln hn nhit cho php vn hnh.
- lm vic khi tn s thay i:
Khi tn s thay i trong phm vi cho php =-2,5hz so vi gi tr nh mc th cho php
my in duy tr cng sut ton phn.khi f>52,5hz hoc<47,5hz th khng cho php
my pht in lama vic
- Tng ph ti ca my pht in:
f, P
F

M
1
|
0
E , Q
F

My
pht
C s
cp
My
kt
5

Tc tng ph ti tc dng ca MP c xc nh theo iu kin lama vic ca
tuabin.,trong trng hp ny dng in stator khng c tng nhanh hn ph ti tc
dng ca my pht in.
- lm vic vi ph ti khng i xng:
Ch cho php my pht in lm vic lu di khi hiu s dng in trn cc pha khng
>10% so vi dng in nh mc. Khi khng cho php bt c dng in pha no
c ln hn tr s cho php quy nh trong ch i xng,dng in th t nghch
trong trng hp ny c gi tr khong 57% dng in th t thun. Khi xy ra mt
i xng qu tr s cho php cn c cc bin php loi tr hoc gim s mt i
xng,nu trong khong thi gian 3-5 pht khng th khc phc c th phi gim ph
ti cc ct mt pht in ra khi lui.
- Cho php qu ti ngn hn:
Trong ch s c cho php mp qu ti ngn hn.
- Cho php vn hnh ch khng ng b:
Kh nng MF vn hnh ch khng ng b c xc nh theo mc gim in p
v c cng sut phn khng d phng ca h thng, nu h thng cho php my pht
in lama vic ch khng ng b th khi mt kch t phi lp tc ct aptomat kh
t trng v gim ph ti tc dng n 60% cng sut nh mc trong thi gian 30s,tip
theo gim cng sut n 40% Sdm trong thi gian 15 pht.
Cho php lama vic ch trong khng ng trong thi gian 30 pht,k t thi im
mt kch t tm ra nguyn nhn s c v sa cha,nu sau 30 pht khng tm ra
nguyn nhn th phi a kch t d phng vo lama vic.
phn loi
Phn loi theo s pha:
- MF x/c 1 fa: c ch to pht in 1 fa, loi ny thng c cng
sut nh t 1kVA n 5kVA-220V
- MF x/c 3 fa: c ch to pht in x/c 3 fa c cng sut ln n
200MVA-18kV
Phn loi theo phn t quay:
- Loi c t trng quay:
Loi ny c t trng t trn roto, phn ng l cun dy stato c nh. Loi t
trng quay c c im:
+ /ap ca phn ng thng cao, vic u ni phc tp. Cun dy stator cn
n t nht 4 thanh dn u ni lin h vi mch ngoi ca my pht.
+ Mch kch t dng in 1 chiu in p thp (220V400V) dng 2 cc bng
2 thanh dn in.
+ Cu to ca cc mch t n gin hn so vi vic ch to cc t trn phn
ng.
- Loi c phn ng quay :
+ Loi ny c cc cc t t trn stator , phn ng l roto. Loi ny t dng v
ch to phc tp nn ch dng ch to cc MF c cng sut b.
Phn loi theo nng lng ko my pht:
- MF tuabin kh :
6

MF ny c ko bi tuabin hi hay tuabin kh. Tc ca MF tuabin kh
cao vo khong 15003600 vng/ pht
- MF tuabin nc:
MF ny c ko bi tuabin thy lc, Tc ca MF tuabin thy lc nm
trong khong:
+ 100 150v/ph vi my pht tc thp
+ 1000 1200 v/ph vi my pht tc cao.
Cc MF tuabin nc thng dng kiu cc n, nu tc thp th dng
loi cc li.
- MF chy bng ng c t trong:
MF c ko bi ng c t trong chy bng du diezen.
Loi ny c tc nm trong khong 100 1000v/ph.
so snh s khc nhau c bn gi MF tuabin hi v tuabin nc
- MF tuabin hi:
- Tc quay ln.
- ng knh roto nh, chiu di di.
- Roto thng c b tr kiu nm ngang.
- Cc thuc loi trt .
- MF tuabin nc:
- Tc quay nh .
- ng knh roto ln, chiu di ngn.
- Roto thng c b tr kiu thng ng. Vi my c cng sut nh th
trc quay c b tr nm ngang.
- C 2 kt cu : kiu treo v kiu .
Cu 2: c im, yu cu v phn loi ng dy trn khng v dy cp ? Nu nguyn
tc chung v qun l vn hnh ng dy trn khng v dng h hng thng gp i
vi ng dy trn khng ?
Tr li:
1 ng dy trn khng: dng chuyn ti hay phn phi in nng t ngun in n
ni tiu th theo cc dy dn t trong cc khong khng gian thong.
+ c im: ng dy ti in trn khng thng bao gm: dy dn dng chuyn
ti in nng t trong khng gian thong,chng c lin kt, c nh bng cc chi tit
khc nh x,s, ct, v nhng thit b ph khc.
ng dy trn khng gm: Ct in, x, dy dn v s cch in. Ct in c chn
xung t bng cc mng vng chc, lm nhim v dy trn cao so vi mt t, do
gi l ng dy trn khng.
ng dy trn khng c u m l xy dng r tin (so vi ng dy cp), d sa
cha, nhng c khuyt im l khng an ton, d b h hng do nh hng ca thin nhin
v km m quan.
Ngoi ra trn ng dy trn khng cn c th trang b thm cc thit b ph khc nh
qu t chng rung, thit b chng xon (i vi ng dy dng dy phn nh), khe h
chng st...
Vic chn tit din ca z trn ko: chn theo cp in p v chn theo dng
in. Chn theo cp in p tnh ton kh nng truyn ti in p ca dz, c
7

lin quan n vn v cch in, vn khong cch truyn ti, vn cng
sut truyn ti; Chn theo dng in m bo k n nh ng v n nh
nhit ca dy dn.
+ Yu cu:
Trn ct nhiu mch ca DK, khong cch ti ct gia cc dy dn gn nht ca hai
mch lin k cng in p khng c nh hn:
- 2m i vi DK dy trn in p n 22kV vi cch in ng, 1m i vi
DK dy bc in p n 22kV vi cch in ng.
- 2,5m i vi DK in p 35kV vi cch in ng v 3m vi cch in treo.
- 4m i vi DK in p 110kV
- 6m i vi DK in p 220kV.
- 8,5m i vi DK in p 500kV.
Khi tnh ton v thit k ng dy trn khng thng quan tm n dy pha di cng
v trn cng. Dy pha di cng hay dy thp nht dng xc nh khong cch an ton
ca dy dn vi t. Dy pha trn cng xc nh khong cch an ton n dy chng st.
ng dy in p 110 [kV] tr ln phi treo dy chng st ton tuyn. ng dy
trung p (2235)kV ch cn treo trn (12)km tnh t trm bin p.
Khong cch gia hai im treo dy trn hai ct k nhau gi l khong ct. Nu hai ct
k nhau l ct no th gi l khong ct no. Khong gia hai ct no gm nhiu ct lin
tip gi l khong no. Khong no bao gm nhiu khong ct thng. Khi ng dy vt
qua chng ngi nh ng dy in, ng dy thng tin, sng sui, ng giao
thng th gi l khong vt, khong vt c th c mt hoc nhiu khong ct.
Ct ca ng dy trn khng c thit b ni t hoc t chng st ng.
+ Phn loi: ng dy trn khng thng c cc loi sau:
- Trn ct n ca ng dy 6 [kV] tr ln c treo ba dy pha, ct kp treo 6 dy pha
cho hai l song song.
- Mi ct ch treo mt dy pha, ng dy cn c ba ct loi ny, l ct no gc ca
ng dy c khong vt ln hoc ng dy siu cao p (500 kV).
- ng dy h p treo 4 hay 5 dy gm: 3 dy pha, dy trung tnh v dy pha cho chiu
sng.
- ng dy trung p c dy trung tnh treo 4 dy trn mt ct, 3 dy pha v trung tnh.
- ng dy c 2 cp in p, trn mt ct treo hai ng dy in p khc nhau nh
trung p v h p.
2 Dy cp: l mt loi dy dn in c dng truyn ti in nng t ngun in
n ni tiu th v c h ngm.
+ c im: Cp c ch to chc chn, cch in tt, li c chn di t, t chu
tc ng ca mi trg, khng b st nh nn lm vic vi tin cy cao hn ng dy trn
khng. in khng ca cp rt nh nn tn tht cng sut v in nng cng nh tn tht
in p trn cp nh hn nhiu so vi ng dy trn khng cng loi. Cp c chn di
t nn t cn tr giao thng v m bo m quan hn ng dy trn khng.
Tuy vy mng cp cng c nhc im l gi thnh t, thi cng kh khn. Thng gi
thnh ca ng cp gp (23) ln gi thnh ca ng dy trn khng cng loi i vi cp
in p nh hn 35kV, gp (58) ln i vi cp in p 110kV. Hin nay ch to c
cp vi cp in p 220kV.
8

Cp ch to phc tp v bo m cch in gia 3 pha rt kh khn, nht l i vi cao
p. Ngi ta rt t dng cp mt li v hin tng Foucault lm v cp b nng, m thng
dng cp 3 li. Cp in p thp thng c 4 li trong li th t dng lm dy trung tnh.
Vic r nhnh ng cp thc hin rt kh khn v chnh ti ni r nhnh thng hay
xy ra s c. V vy ch nhng ng cp c U s 10 kV v khi cn thit ngi ta mi r
nhnh. Cp c bc kn, li chn di t, nn khi xy ra h hng, kh pht hin ch chnh
xc xy ra h hng.
Cp thng c chn di t su (0,71)m. Khi c nhiu ng cp chng c
t trong ho hoc hm cp (hnh 1-15).
+ Yu cu:
Hn ch t trg c th h ngm v t cc dy cp gn nhau ht mc c th gim
khi lng cng vic cn thi cng.
bo v cp khi b ph hng v c kh th pha trn ng i ca cp ngi ta t lp
gch, tm b tng bo v. Khi in p ca cp ln hn 1 kV th phi t trn sut chiu di,
khi in p nh hn 1 kV th ch cn t nhng ni d o bi. Cp i qua ng t,
ng st phi t trong ng thp v chn su so vi mt ng t nht l 1m, u ng thp
cch qu mp ng v hai pha t nht l 2 mt.
Trong cc thnh ph ln, ng ph c ri nha hoc trong cc x nghip ln, cp
c t trong khi b tng cc u cp ni vo ging cp c bit, lm nh vy khi cn
sa cha khng phi o ng ln.
Trong nh, cp c t trong rnh cp c gi hoc khng c gi hoc t trong
ng thp.
Ch ni cp vi cp, cp vi thanh ci hoc ng c, nu khng c bo v k th du
s chy ra ngoi, hi nc v khng kh lt vo trong cp lm hng cch in. i vi cp
c Um > 1 kV khi ni vi nhau phi tch ba cp ra v lm hp u ni . Cp ni vi thanh
ci hoc ng c cng phi dng u ni.
+ Phn loi: Ngy nay ngi ta ch to c rt nhiu loi cp.
- i vi cp in lc c in p t 35 kV tr xung c rut bng ng hoc nhm cch
in bng giy tm du, nha hoc cao su. Bn ngoi lp cp in c v ch hay nhm
khng c mi hn trnh nhiu m.
- i vi cp c U
dm
s 1 kV th c v bng nha nhn to hoc bng cao su.
- Cp (2035) kV c rut trn, mi rut c mt v ch ring (hnh 1-14).
- Ngoi ra cn c loi cp cha kh hoc cha du dng cho cp in p ln hn 35kV.
- Cp c U
dm
s 1 kV thng c ch to thnh loi mt pha, ba pha, ba pha bn li.
- Cp c U
dm
> 1 kV thng l loi cp ba pha.
- Nguyn tc chung v qun l vn hnh ng dy trn khng:
- Cc ng dy phi c hnh lang an ton tiu chun. Hnh lang an ton l khong
khng gian gii hn bi cc mt phng //cch cc dy dn bin 1 khong l
at
ty thuc
vo mc in p ca mng in. Trong cc trng hp c bit khong cch t mp
ngoi dy dn n thit b khong c nh hn gi tr ti thiu l
min
. Cc gi tr khong
cch an ton ca ng dy ph thuc vo cp in p.
- Cc mi ni phi c thc hin ng k thut, m bo chc chn v tin cy, trn mi
khong vt khong c qu 1 mi ni. Khng thc hin mi ni khong vt c giao
nhau vi ng dy khc hoc ni ng dy i qua cc cng trnh.
9

- Cc phng tin giao thng c chiu cao trn 4,5m ch cho php chui qua ng dy
trn khng nhng v tr quy nh. Khong cch ti thiu t dy dn cao p n lng
ng ti ni giao nhau vi ng giao thng phi tun theo quy cch nht nh.
- Ct in nht thit phi c nh s th t, s hiu tuyn dy.i vi ng dy
35kv tr ln, ngoi nhng k hiu trn cn c k hiu v s mch v cc bin bo nguy
him. Cc ct bng kim loi phi c m km hoc sn chng g.
- Nu s si dy ca 1 dy dn b t hn 17% th cn phi qun dy bo dng hoc
dng ng v p, nu s si dy t nhiu hn 17% th phi ct i v ni li bng ng.
- ng dy t 110kV tr ln hi c trang b c cu xc nh v tr xy ra s c.
- Trn cc on dy i qua cc khu vc nhim bn nng cn phi dng s tng cng
hoc s c bit v phi c bin php lm sch nh k.
- Nhng h hng thng gp i vi ng dy trn khng l:
- H hng trn cc dy dn v dy chng st: t 1 si dy, dy b xon, si dy b chy,
cc mi ni b nng qu mc hoc c h quang pht sinh, dy ri xung x, dy b qu
trng, vng qu ln.
- H hng trn s v linh kin ph tr: s b rn hoc b st m, b mt s qu bn, hin
tng r in ra x v ct, hin tng phng in trn b mt s, s b nghing, x b
lch, bulong b lng...
- H hng trn ct, dy no v mng: ct betong b rn nt, b nghing lch hoc b st
m, dy no qu trng, mng ct b ln, b nghing...
- H hng trn cc tht b chng st: chng st phng in khi khng c st, khong
phng in khng ph hp, thiu con bi hoc tn hiu ch s tc ng ca my chng
st...
- S vi phm hnh lang an ton: c s hin din ca cc cng trnh, nh ca, thit b
trong hnh lang an ton ca ng dy, c s xm ln ca cy ci, cy vo tuyn dy,
thiu bin bo, k hiu ch dn ti cc im giao nhau ca ng dy vi cc trc ng
giao thng v cc cng trnh khc...

Cu 1: c im, yu cu v phn loi my ct in ? So snh s ging, khc nhau v
c im cu to, u nhc im v phm vi ng dng ca my ct kh SF6 v my ct
chn khng?

*c im, yu cu my ct in
- My ct in l thit b in dng ng ct mch in vi mi gi tr ca dng in
trong phm vi dung lng nh mc ca n.
- c dng ng hay ct cc mch ng dy trn khng, ng dy cp, my bin p,
cun khng in, b t in, ni cc thanh gp, cc ng c in m bo vic truyn ti
in nng khi bnh thng v ct cc phn t b h hng ra khi li in.
- Cc thng s ca MC gm : in p nh mc, dng in nh mc,dng in n nh
nhit ng vi thi gian tng ng, dng in n nh ng, dng in ct nh mc, cng
sut ct nh mc, thi gian ng, thi gian ct.
- Cc tham s ca MC c chn theo k
+ in p nh mc ca my ct U
mMC
ko c nh hn in p h mc ca mng in U
m

+ MC ko b pht nng qu mc khi lm vic, dog in lu di ln nht i qu my ct
I
cb
ko c vt qu dng nh mc I
m
ca MC
+ Dng ngn mch tnh ton khng c vt qu dng in ct nh mc ca MC
10

- Kim tra theo iu kin n nh ng
- Kim tra theo iu kin n nh nhit
2.Yu cu c bn i vi MC in l:
-C y kh nng ct, thi gian ct ngn.
-Khi ng, ct khng c gy chy n.
-Kch thc v trng lng nh, gi thnh h.
-C th ng v ct mt s ln nht nh mi c a ra sa cha
3. Phn loi MC in
-Da vo cu to ca my ct ngi ta phn lm hai loi:
+MC thng : l loi my ct c lp vi DCL, DN, thng s dng
+MC hp b: l loi MC c ch to hp b, cc thit b MC, DCL, DN c t trong
cng mt t.
-Da vo phng php dp h quang v bin php cch in ca cc my ct ngi ta
phn loi nh sau:
+MC du dng du my bin p dp h quang. Trong my ct du ngi ta li chia lm
hai loi l my ct nhiu du v my ct t du.
MC nhiu du c lng du va dng cch in va sinh kh dp tt h quang.
MC t du trong du ch sinh kh dp tt h quang, cch in gia cc b phn l vt
liu cch in rn
+MC khng kh dng kh nn dp h quang, cch in gia cc b phn cng l cch
in rn
+My ct kh SF6 dng kh cch in SF6 dp h quang, kh SF6 l kh c bn cch
in cao, kh nng dp tt h quang ln.
+MC in in t: dp tt h quang trong khe h hp lm bng vt liu cch in rn. H
quang c kp vo khe h bng lc in t.
+ MC chn khng dng chn khng dp h quang.
4. So snh s ging v khc nhau gia MC kh SF6 v MC chn khng
a. c im cu to
Ging nhau:
V c bn l ging nhau v ging cc h MC khc gm c ba b phn chnh l b tip
im, bung dp h quang v b phn truyn ng.
Khc nhau:
MC kh SF6 c mt s c im khc:
-u ni gia cc b phn thng qua mt s ming m cch in lm nhim v bt kn
khng cho khng kh thot ra ngoi ch ni ng dy vi MC
-c t thng ng trn mt tr bng b tng c kch thc nh nht so vi cc MC
khc
-H truyn ng ca MC c t ngay pha di chn MC v c lp gip cho vic thao
tc an ton v hiu qu.
-S dng ba b truyn ng:
+Truyn ng bng khng kh: S dng cho cp in p nh hn 35 kV
+Truyn ng bng l xo: S dng cp in p t 35kV ti 220 kV
+ Truyn ng bng thy lc: S dng cp in p ln hn 220 kV
MC chn khng c cc c im khc bit:
- u tip xc lm bng kim loi kh nng chy.
-Bung dp h quang c ch to bng vt liu siu bn gn kn tuyt i, c chn
khng cao, khi ct mch vn khng pht sinh h quang




11

b. u nhc im, phm vi ng dng ca MC SF6 v MC chn khng
Phn loi MC kh SF6 MC chn khng
u im -Cng cch in kh
cch in ca kh SF6 gp 3
ln khng kh
-c tnh cch in tt
khng nh hng xu n
MC, kh nng dp tt h
quang tt gp 100 ln khng
kh
-Kh SF6 dn nhit tt
- bn in ca chn khng cao hn nhiu
so vi khng kh p sut thng
- mn in ca cc tip im rt thp
-Thi gian tc dng ca tip im ngn,
khong tip im ca MC rt nh nn bn
cao
-Thi gian phc hi bn in
nhanh(khong 46 micro giy)
- cc MC chn khng hin i c dng in
ct rt nh nn khng c qu p pht sinh, k
c khi ct dng khng ti ca MBA
-Cng ngh ch to c nh gi l u vit
nht , tui th t ti 30 nm, chu dng
ngn mch 200 kA
- C kh nng ng m ti 500 ln khi in
p 10 kV dng 600 A v 30000 ln khi dng
200A
Nhc
im
-Kh SF6 t tin nn MC
kh SF6 cng t tin, cc
MC kh c h thng kh
khp kn
-Ct c dng ln,
-Dng ct khng ln
Phm vi
ng dng
-c ch to c trm cao
p m cn cc trm trung
p
-Thch hp ng ct cc
mch ng c in, my
bin p v ni tt khng in
-c ng dng ph bin, chim hn 50%
th phn trn th trng th gii

12

Cu 2: Ti sao phi lm mt cho my bin p? Trnh by cc phng php lm
mt cho my bin p, so sanh s ging,khc nhau u nhc v phm vi ng dng ?

Ti sao phi lm mt?
Khi mba lm vic 1 phn nng lng b tiu hao, thot ra di dng nhit t nng li
thp, dy qun v cc b phn khc lm cho nhit ca chng tng ln. Nu nhit gia
mba v mi trng chnh lch vt qu mc quy nh th s lm gim tui th cch in
my bin p v c th gy s c cho my bin p. m bo mba vn hnh vi ti lin tc
trong thi gian quy nh (thng l 15 n 20 nm) v khng b s c cn phi tng cng
lm mt mba.
Li ch
Lm mt mba gip mba c th vn hnh vi ti lin tc trong thi gian quy nh (thng
l 15 n 20 nm)
Lm mt gip lm gim kh nng s c trong mba.
Lm mt tt duy tr hoc gip tng tui th cch in ca my bin p.
Lm mt tt gip mba tng kh nng mang ti.
C th lm mt bng cc cch sau:
1). Lm mt bng khng kh t nhin
Cc my bin p lm mt bng khng kh t nhin gi l my bin p kh, lung
khng kh t nhin trn qua my bin p v lm mt n. Cch lm mt ny hiu qu rt thp
nn ngi ta phi s dng cch in tng cng, lm cho gi thnh ca my cao hn so vi
cc my bin p du n trn 3 ln. Loi my bin p kh ch ch to vi cng sut n 750
kVA.
2). Lm mt bng s i lu t nhin ca du
Cc my bin p c k hiu l TM l cc loi my c lm mt bng s i lu t nhin
ca du trong my (hnh 3.23), theo nguyn tc du nng c y ln pha trn cn du
ngui hn th i xung pha di. tng b mt lm mt, ngi ta ch to cc cnh tn
nhit dng hnh ng gn trn thng bin p. Kiu lm mt ny thng c p dng i vi
cc my bin p c cng sut di 16 MVA.
3). Lm mt my bin p bng s i lu ca du c s tr gip ca cc my qut
My bin p c lm mt theo nguyn tc kt hp gia du v khng kh thi: s dng
s i lu ca du nng v du ngui, kt hp vi vic s dng qut thi khng kh gip
qu trnh tn nhit din ra nhanh chng hn.
4). Lm mt my bin p bng tun hon cng bc du v khng kh
c lm mt theo nguyn tc lm i lu c du v khng kh.
S dng mt my bm c t mt bch trn ca my bin p ht du y vo b
phn tn nhit cng bc do cc my qut thi.
Hiu sut lm mt theo phng thc ny tng i cao.
Cc my bin p (cng sut t 80 MVA tr ln)
5). Lm mt bng s lu thng ca du v nc
Cc my bin p c cng sut rt ln, c lm mt theo nguyn tc lu thng tun
hon ca c du v nc.
Mt my bm ly tm c lp vo mt bch trn ca my bin p ht du nng a
n b phn lm mt bng nc, ni c t mt my bm ly tm khc a nc lnh ti h
thng ny. Du sau khi c lm ngui li tr v thng t pha y.
Loi lm mt ny kh hiu qu nhng rt cng knh, nn ch p dng i vi cc loi
my bin p c bit c cng sut ln
13

So snh s ging, khc nhau, u nhc im v phm vi ng dng ca cc phng
php trn
Ging: + Cc pp u c s dng vi mc ch lm mt cho mba.
+ Hu ht cc phng php u p dng nguyn tc i lu hoc tun hon, c th l t
nhin hoc cng bc.
Khc: (b phn lm mt= bplm; lm mt = lm)
Lm mt
bng khng
kh t nhin
Lm mba =
du i lu
t nhin
(H thng
lm kiu M).

lm mba = du
i lu t
nhin c qut
gi. (H thg
lm ).

Lm mba =
tun hon
cng bc
du & k
kh(H
thng lm
).
Lm = du v nc. (H
thng lm ).

-nhit lng
c ta ra =
lung k kh
t nhin
xung quanh
mba
-fn ln cc
mba c lm
mt = du
cch in
tun hon
do i lu
t nhin bn
trog
thg,du
ng c y
ln trn &
du ngui
hn c y
xug di
-da trn c s
lm mt kiu M
c t qut gi
tg cg
tn nhit trn
b mt tb lm
mt
C thm ng
gp & ng tn
nhit cng h
thg qut
-h thg lm
mt tg t
lm mt =
du tun
hon t
nhin nhg
c thm
bm du
cg bc
ht du y
vo b fn
tn nhit
cg bc do
cc my
qut thi.
-bm ly tm c ni vs
thg mba,bm ny
ht du ng t fa
trn of thg ra & y
du qua bplm,t y
quay tr li fn
di of thg .Nc lm
chy trog cc g of
bplm du bi bm ly
tm,vs p lc chuyn
g thp hn p lc
chuyn g of du
khog 0,2.103ata
nc k th xm nhp
vo h thg du khi
bplm b thg
u -cu to n
gin,an ton
v k c du
lm v c s
dng rng
ri khi t
trog nh
-Cu to k
qu fc tp.
Li dg c
kh ng i
lu of du
nn rt
thun tin,
nh gn

-khi nhit k
kh thp or pti
of mba nh,
jm tiu tn
in ng cho
bplm c th ct
1 s qut(c th
thc hin t
g).Mba lm
kiu ny c th
lviec ngay c
khi ct hton
qut gi nhg
pti cn fi
gim i (25-
30)%S m
-nng cao
kh nng
tun hon
ca du.
Hiu qu
lm mt tt
hn cc
phng
php trn
-hiu qu lm rt ln.
Nhc -gi thnh
t, ln hn
(3-3,5) ln
gi mba du
c cng cs
-hiu qu
thp
-ch c lv
khi cc quat
gi & bm
du tun
hon u
-mba ch lv khi bplm
lv v ch ring b mt
trn of v thng k
lm ngay c khi k
ti.Trog k lv bt nhit
14

hot
ng,s
lng qut
ph thuc
vo ti &
nhit du
of mba.Tiu
th in
nng of h
thng lm
ln hn (2-
3)ln h
thng
cho fp max of nc
lm l 250C. Nu nc
lm mt ln hn
250C l 10C trog 24h
th phi gim ti 1%
so vi nh mc.
Loi lm ny kh hiu
qu nhg cg
knh,t,t thun tin
trog vn hnh
PVUD -mba < 750
kVA vs .p
th cp
220/127V &
380/220
V.Tuy nhin
vs cch in
c bit,c
tg cg =
cc kh tr
cch in
nhg dn
in tt,c
th ch to
mba n
1000kVA vs
.p 10kV.
-mba cs
nh.Khi b
mt lm c
dng ng
tn nhit th
cs nh mc
ca mba c
th n
1600kVA.
-mba cs < 80
MVA
-mba cs
ln,thng
>80 MVA
-mba c cs ln c
bit

Cu 1: c im v thao tc h thng iu chnh in p my bin p ? Trnh by thao
tc b iu p di ti? Ti sao b iu p ca MBA li t cun dy in p cao v
trong mt thng du ring ?
+ c im v thao tc h thng iu chnh in p my bin p:
c im:
- cun dy cao p ca MBA ngoi u chnh cn c cc u ra ph thm gi l u phn
p. Thay i u phn p ca cc my bin p c th cho php iu chnh in p trong
phm vi +-(2,516)%U
dm
. Vic thay i u phn p c th thc hin bng tay (ko ti) hoc
t ng (di ti).
- Vi cc my bin p nh dng trong cc trm bin p tiu th thng ch c 3 n 5 u
phn p, gii hn iu chnh l +-5%,khi cn thay i u phn p cn phi ct in.
- Nu l iu p ko ti: cn chn mt u phn p c nh tha mn c yu cu v in
p ti cc h tiu th trong cc tnh trng lm vic khc nhau.
Thao tc b iu p khng ti (hoc c ti)
- Thao tc vi b iu p ko ti
Khi my chun b lm vic, chn trc mt u phn p thch hp trong cc ch
vn hnh khc nhau in p ca mng u khng lch qu phm vi cho php. Trong trng
15

hp my mang ti, nu mun iu chnh in p th cn phi ct ph ti, tch my ra khi
mng ri xoay nc phn p v ng vi nc mun chn, cui cng ng my vo lm vic
v ng ph ti cho my.
Nu trong trm bin p c nhiu my lm vic song song th cn thc hin ng thi
qu trnh chuyn i nc tt c cc my. Sau khi chuyn nc MBA cn kim tra li in
tr mt chiu cc cun dy (i vi MBA t 1000kVA tr ln) v kim tra thng mch (i
vi MBA di 1000kVA).
- Thao tc vi b iu p di ti
Nh bit, b iu p di ti (AT) c thit k t ng iu chnh in p ph
hp vi s thay i ca ph ti. Tu thuc vo loi AT m c nhng phng thc vn
hnh bo dng thch hp. Cc thao tc vn hnh i vi thit b AT bao gm:
- Quan st tng th;
- o nn ca cc tip im;
- o mmen quay;
- o thi gian ng ct ca cc tip im dp h quang;
- o in tr mt chiu ton mch 2 v tr ca tip im o chiu;
- Kim tra bn in;
- Kim tra kn du;
- Kim tra trnh t hot ng ca cc tip im.
B iu p ca MBA t cun dy in p cao v trong mt thng du ring
B iu p c t cun dy pha cao p v:
-Cun dy pha cao p c in p ln nn dng in s b, tit din dy yu cu nh do
kt cu tip im gn nh, thao tc n gin, d dng
-Do dng in nh nn t pht sinh h quang, an ton cho ngi v thit b
-Phm vi iu chnh rng ln hn.
B iu p c t trong thng du ring v:
+ Khi iu chnh u phn p s sinh ra h quang c th lm du si cc b v lm gim
cht lng du mba. t b iu ppha ngoi thng du chnh, s dng du ring lm
mt trnh nh hng n du mba.
+ Cch in
+ Lm mt
+ Dp h quang
Cu 2: Nu nguyn tc chung sy my in? Trnh by cc phng php sy my
in,? So snh s ging, khc nhau, u nhc im v phm vi ng dng ca cc
phng php trn?
Trong qtr vh cng nh tch ra sa cha, MF c th b nhim m lm cho cch in b
gi ha. Chnh v vy cn sy m bo an ton, m bo cch in ca MF.
a.Nguyn tc chung ca sy my pht in:
Theo qui trnh vn hnh my pht in, cc my pht in v my b ng b in p
di 15kV c th ng vo mng khng cn sy nu tha mn ba iu kin sau:
-in tr cch in ca cc cun dy stato (qui v 750 C) sau 60s k t khi cp in p
khng thp hn gi tr R60, xc nh theo biu thc:

16

n
60
n
U
R (M )
1000 0, 01P
= O
+

Trong :
Un, Pn l in p v cng sut nh mc ca my pht, (V) v (kW)
-H s hp ph khng nh hn 1,
60"
hp
15"
R
k
R
=
R15- in tr tng ng 15 giy k t khi cp in p.
-H s phi tuyn( t s gia in tr cch in ng vi in p chnh lu 0,5Un trn in
tr cch in ng vi in p chnh lu 2,5Un) khng ln hn 1,3
Ngoi cc iu kin trn, tt c cc my in khi a vo vn hnh t trng thi d
phng hoc sau sa cha i tu, cn phi c kim tra cch in v sy. Qu trnh sy my
pht in c th c thc hin theo cc phng php: t sy, tn tht trong li thp ca
stato, phng php t nng bng dng in mt chiu hoc phng php t nng bng
dng in ngn mch ba pha( i vi my pht thy in).
Cc loi my in cng sut ln thng c sy bng phng php tn tht trong li
thp v phng php dng in mt chiu, phng php dng in ngn mch ba pha
thng c p dng trong iu kin vn hnh, khi cch in b m khng nhiu.
Vic ui khng kh m ra khi my trong qu trnh sy c th thc hin vi s tr gip
ca cc my qut. Nhit cc i trong qu trnh cn c iu chnh trong phm vi gn
gii hn nhit cho php ng vi loi cch in s dng trong cc cun dy, nhn chung
khng thp hn 800C. Tc tng nhit khng qu 50C/h.
S thay i in tr cch in trong qu trnh sy c th hin trn hnh v sau:

u tin gi tr in tr cch in gim do s mm ha cch in, sau s tng dn
n gi tr xc lp. Trong qu trnh sy cn tin hnh kim tra in tr cch in R60
khong 2h mt ln, i vi my ln kim tra 23 ln mi ngy. Qu trnh sy s kt thc
nu in tr cch in khng thay i trong vng 5h ng vi nhit xc lp.
b. Cc phng php sy my pht in, u nhc im, phm vi ng dng ca
phng php trn
b1. Phng php dng t sy
My pht c t trong l hoc t sy, pha di l c ca dn kh vo, pha trn l
gc i din c ca thot kh ra (hnh 7.18). Thnh l sy c lm bng vt liu chu
la nh kim loi hoc xi mng aming. Nhit nng cung cp cho t sy c th l hi nc
hoc dng in. Kh nng trong t c lu thng vi s tr gip ca cc my qut.
Nhit trong t c th kim tra bng nhit k
hoc thit b o t xa. Nhit ca khng kh nng
ca vo phi c kim tra thng xuyn khng
c qu 900C. Sau mi gi phi o in tr cch
in mt ln.
u im:






17

Phng php sy ny c u im l n gin v
tin cy Nhc im:
Tiu tn nhiu nng lng v thi gian sy di.
Phm vi ng dng:
My in cng sut nh



Hnh 7.18. Sy my in bng
l.
b2. Sy bng dng in
Qu trnh sy bng dng in c thc
hin bng cch cp cho cun dy dng in p
thp, khi chy trong cun dy dng in sinh
ra mt lng nhit lm tng nhit v sy
cun dy. Theo phng php ny in nng
tiu th s khng nhiu do s t nng trc
tip cun dy lm hi nc thot ra mnh.
Nhit t nng c th thay i bng cch
iu chnh cng dng in trong cun
dy. Nu dng dng in mt chiu th ch
cun dy c in c t nng, cn nu
dng dng in xoay chiu th nhit nng s
c to ra tt c cc cun dy c mch
khp kn. S mch in sy my in c
th hin trn hnh 7.19.


Hnh 7.19. S sy bng dng in:
1- my bin p hn;
2- cun khng in;
3- stator my in sy.

Qu trnh sy my pht bng dng ngn mch 3 pha c thc hin khi my ang quay
vi tc nh mc. Dng in sy c ly t ngun khc, cc cun dy ca rotor c
ni ngn mch.
S iu chnh nhit c thc hin bng cch iu chnh cng dng in kch
t, tng dn n gi tr cn thit.
in tr ca cun dy stator khi sy bng phng php dng in khng c nh hn
0,05 MO, cn in tr ca cun dy rotor khng nh hn 2 MO.
Dng in sy c th ly bng 1,5.I
n
nu sy trong khong thi gian 1 gi v bng dng
nh mc nu sy trong vng 2 gi.
u im:
-Khng cn dng my khi sy
-in nng tiu th khng nhiu
-D dng thay i nhit sy
Nhc im:
-Cn phi c mt ngun cp dng in sy ring bit
-Khi s dng dng in xoay chiu th nhit nng c ta ra tt c cc cun dy c
mch khp kn. l iu khng mong mun.
Phm vi ng dng:
-p dng cho cc my in cng sut ln.
-Phng php dng in ngn mch ba pha thng c p dng trong iu kin vn
hnh, khi cch in b m khng nhiu.
-Rt tin li khi sy my pht thy in
b3. Sy bng phng php cm ng
Phng php tn tht trong li thp ca stator
18

Phng php ny s dng ngun nhit to ra bi dng in xoy trong li thp ca
stator. Cun dy sy cn gi l cun t ha, c lng trong rnh stator, khi c cp
ngun, mt t thng s sinh ra dng in xoy t nng li thp. Thng thng qu trnh
sy c thc hin khng c rotor, bi v s c mt ca rotor s gy cn tr cho vic lp t
cun dy t ha v gy phc tp cho qu trnh sy v c 30 pht li phi quay rotor i 1800
trnh s un rotor. Trc khi sy cn phi kim tra cn thn v nu c vt th kim loi
nm trong rnh stator th s dn n ngn mch v lm hng li thp. Do cun dy t ha
lm vic trong mi trng nhit cao nn ph ti ch ly bng 60% gii hn cho php ng
vi tit din dy dn la chn.
u im:
Gn gng, cun dy t ha c lng lun trong rnh ca stato nn tit kim din tch
Nhc im:
Cn tho rotor trc khi sy
Li thp rt d b hng nu c vt th kim loi nm trong rnh rotor. C kh nng xy ra s
c.
Phm vi ng dng:
ng dng sy my pht in cng sut ln
Phng php tn tht trong v my
Phng php sy cm ng c th thc hin bng cch qun trn v my mt s vng
dy v cp cho n ngun in xoay chiu in p thp (hnh 7.21). Lc ny v ca my in
c chc nng nh cun dy th cp c ni ngn mch ca my bin p kh (cun s cp
chnh l cc vng dy qun quanh v).




Hnh 7.21. S sy my pht theo
phng php tn tht trong v my.

V ca my s c nung nng bi dng in cm ng sinh ra trong n. tng cng
s i lu khng kh, my in khi sy nn trng thi quay.
u im:
Phng php thc hin n gin, d dng, t gp s c trong khi sy.
Nhc im:
Tn tht nhiu
My in phi sy trng thi quay
Phm vi ng dng:
ng dng cho loi my in kn.


19

I.CC CU HI V HA NG B MY BIN P
Cu1: iu kin vn hnh song song cc my bin p? Gii thch tng iu kin?
a) My bin p c php lm vic song song vi cc iu kin sau :
- T u dy ging nhau.
- in p nh mc ca cun s cp v th cp lc khng ti bng nhau
- T s bin p bng nhau hoc chnh lch khng qu 0.5%
- Cng in p ngn mch Uk% hoc chnh lch khng qu 10%.
- Hon ton ng v pha.(cng th t pha,cng cc tnh)
- Cng sut hai my chnh lch khng qu 3 ln
b) Gii thch: i vi cc MBA khi u vn hnh song song th cc pha tng ng pha
s cp phi u ni tng ng vi li pha s cp, lc :
- T u dy ging nhau, t s bin p bng nhau hoc chnh lch khng qu 0.5% , hon ton ng v
pha: in p pha th cp gia cc MBA khnglch pha nhau, (gi tr khng lch qu 0.5%
khng xut hin dng qun gia cc MBA gy s c).
- in p ngn mchchnh lch khng qu 10%: mc mang ti gia cc MBA khng lch nhau qu
10%.
Cu 2: T b trn li in phn phi c cng dng g? Ti sao khi lp t b vi dung lng ph hp
th gim c TTN? T b trn li phn phi thuc loi b no? Nu phn theo cchiu khin
gm my loi?
a) T b l thit b pht ra cng sut phn khng b vo cng sut phn khng do ti tiuth trn
li, nh iu chnh c in p, nng cao c h s cng sut v gim tntht in nng trn li.
b) T b lp t vi cng sut ph hp th ton b cng sut ca t b pht ra s thay
th cho lng cng sut ca ngun do on ng dy t ngun n v tr m ph ti nhn cngsut
phn khng ca t b s gim mt lng cng sut chuyn ti bng vi cng sut ca tv tng ng s
gim tn tht in nng chuyn ti lng cng sut ny.c) T b trn li phn phi thuc loi b
ngang, nu phn theo cch iu khin gm c hailoi: T b tnh v t b ng ng.
Cu 3: Hy cho bit nh hng ca vic my bin p lm vic khng i xng khi ti phn b khng
u?
- My bin p lm vic khng i xng khi ti phn b khng u cho ba pha. Khi dngin khng
bng nhau cc pha gy nh hng xu n tnh trng lm vic bnh thng camy bin p nh in
p pha v dy s khng i xng, tn hao ph trong dy qun v lithp tng ln, chnh lch nhit ca
my vt qu quy nh.
Cu 4: iu kin cn thit thc hin ng kt vng h 2 pht tuyn trung th? iu kin cn thit
thc hin kt vng kn 2 pht tuyn trung th?
a) iu kin cn thit thc hin ng kt vng h :
- Phi s dng thit b ng ct c ti c dng nh mc ph hp.
- 2 pht tuyn phi cng cp in p vn hnh.
- im u ni kt vng phi m bo 2 pht tuyn cng th t pha.
b) iu kin cn thit thc hin kt vng ng th
Phi s dng thit b ng ct c ti c dng nh mc ph hp.
- 2 pht tuyn phi cng cp in p vn hnh.
- im u ni kt vng phi m bo 2 pht tuyn cng ng v pha. 30o.
- Gc lch pha gia 2 im ha:f 0.25Hz.
- Chnh lch tn s gia 2 im ha:U 10%.
20

- Chnh lch in p gia 2 im ha:
Cu 5: My bin th 3 pha c t u dy Dyn11 ni t s trung tnh h th c tc dng g?
- m bo in p pha t gi tr ng thit k
- m bo my vn hnh an ton.
Cu 6: Cng dng ca bin dng in (TI)? Trong bin dng cun dy c cp chnh xc 0.5
s dngcho mc ch g, cun dy c cp chnh xc 5P20 s dng cho mc ch g?
- Cng dng ca bin dng in (TI): bin i gi tr dng in trong mch s cp c gi trln v
gi tr danh nh ca mch th cp phc v cho cng tc o lng cc i lngin (cp danh nh
mch th cp thng l 1A hoc 5A).- Cun dy c cp chnh xc 0.5 (CL 0.5): s dng cho mch th cp
thc hin chc nng om in nng.- Cun dy c cp chnh xc 5P20 (CL 5P20): s dng cho mch
th cp thc hin chcnng bo v r le.
Cu 7: Cng dng ca bin in p TU?
Bin in p (TU) dng bin i gi tr in p ca li ang vn hnh v gi tr danh nh ca
mch th cp phc v cho cng tc o lng cc i lng in hoc cp tn hiu in p cho h thng
r le bo v.
Cu 8: u im ca vic vn hnh song song hai my bin p?
Gim c tn tht trong mch in, d phng nng cho nhau cung cp in cho
nhng ph ti c coi l quan trng. Vi nhng MBA phn phi nh, vn tn tht
khng c quan tm lm ngi ta ch dng vi mc ch d phng cho nhau.
Vi nhng my ln hn (vi chc MVA tr ln) ngi ta bt u quan tm n tn tht.
Tuy nhin vn hnh song song mba cng c nhc im: s vn hnh phc tp, dng
ngn mch ln...
Cu 9. Ha ng b l g? iu kin ha ng b?
Ha ng b cc my pht in l hnh thc mc song song cc my pht in. y
l gii php k thut cao v i hi tnh chuyn nghip trong vn hnh bo dng cho nn
trc khi s dng gii php bn phi xc nh r nhu cu khi no phi s dng gii php
my pht in song song hoc my pht in song song vi li in.
Cc iu kin ha ng b my pht in:
- T u dy ging nhau.
- in p nh mc ca cun s cp v th cp lc khng ti bng nhau
- T s bin p bng nhau hoc chnh lch khng qu 0.5%
- Cng in p ngn mch Uk% hoc chnh lch khng qu 10%.
- Hon ton ng v pha.(cng th t pha,cng cc tnh)
- Cng sut hai my chnh lch khng qu 3 ln
Cu 10: Khi MBA ang vn hnh bn cn phi theo di nm bt c nhng thng s
no?
- Nhit MBA: tng cao qu nhit cho php...
- Tnh trng phu ti MBA: qu ti, lch pha ( I, gc lch phi gia cc pha)
- in p MBA: gi lun bng Udm
- H thng lm mt, mc du, nhit du, trng thi r le
- in tr cch in ca mba ( suy gim theo thi gian s dng)
60
15
ht
R
K
R
= ( ,1.3 c m, >1.3
cch in tt)
21

- Pht hin nhng hin tng khng bnh thng: tng nhit khc thng( chm chp
vng dy, tip xc u phn nc), ting ku khc thng( ting o..o u n bnh thng,
nu ting o...o ku to hn c th do rung ng cc l thp)
Cu 11: Ti sao khi vn hnh MBA b nng ln? Cc ngun nhit no tc ng lm
nng MBA? Mc ch ca vic lm mt cho mba lm g? Ti sao?
a.C nhiu nguyn nhn khin mba khi vn hnh b nng ln:
+ My bin p b qu ti, hay khng ti v non ti, lch pha mt i xng, s c ngn
mch
+ Ch tiu v in p v dng in khng m bo
+ iu kin lm mt khng m bo
+ Trong qu trnh vn hnh mt s l thp trong li thp b chp
+ Chm chp cc vng dy
+ Cht lng du xu
+ Tip xc ca cc phn t mang in km: tip xc u phn nc mba
- Cc ngun nhit tc ng lm nng MBA:
+ Cun dy, li thp, nhit mi trng,
Cu 12: Nu tnh trng s c my bin p lc v nhng nguyn nhn gy ra s c?
- Ngn mch cc pha my bin p : Do s MBA b bn gy phng in b mt, gim
kh nng chu in p phng in v d gy phng in t u cc ra v MBA.Nu b
phng in ti 2 s MBA gy ngn mch u cc (TH ngn mch nguy him nht)
- Chm chp mt s vng dy MBA : Khi cch in gia cc vng dy b tn thng
d gy ra chm chp trong cun dy.
- Chm chp gia dy dn vi li thp (t xy ra)

Cu 13 : Nu trnh t thao tc a my bin p lc vo vn hnh v loi my bin p ra
khi li khi s c?
a.Thao tc ct in my bin p
Thao tc tch my bin p ra sa cha theo trnh t sau:
1. Kim tra tro lu cng sut, huy ng ngun hoc thay i kt li thch hp trnh
qu ti cc my bin p khc hoc cc ng dy lin quan;
2. Chuyn ngun t dng nu ngun in t dng ly qua my bin p ;
3. Kha ch t ng iu chnh in p di ti (nu ang t ng);
4. Ct my ct cc pha h p, trung p, cao p my bin p theo nguyn tc ct pha ti
trc, pha ngun sau, lu m bo an ton cho my bin p (trnh qu p) v li in
(trnh in p thp);
5. Kim tra my bin p khng cn in p (qua ng h o lng in p ca my
bin p, trng thi ti ch ca my ct ...);
6. Ct cc dao cch ly lin quan cn thit pha h p, trung p, cao p my bin p theo
trnh t thun tin cho thao tc;
7. ng tip a c nh pha h p, trung p, cao p my bin p;
8. Ct p t mt cc my bin in p ca my bin p (nu c);
9. n v qun l vn hnh lm cc bin php an ton, treo bin bo theo Quy trnh an
ton in hin hnh;
22

10. Bn giao my bin p cho n v cng tc, ng thi nhc nh, lu thm n v
cng tc v an ton.

b.Thao tc ng in my bin p
Thao tc a my bin p vo vn hnh sau sa cha theo trnh t sau:
1. n v qun l vn hnh bn giao my bin p kt thc cng tc, ngi v phng
tin sa cha rt ht, tho ht cc tip a di ng, my bin p tiu chun vn
hnh v sn sng ng in;
2. ng p t mt cc my bin in p ca my bin p (nu c);
3. Ct ht cc tip a c nh cc pha ca my bin p;
4. Kim tra h thng bo v, h thng lm mt my bin p a vo vn hnh;
5. t nc phn p v tr thch hp, trnh qu in p my bin p khi ng in;
6. ng cc dao cch ly lin quan pha h p, trung p, cao p my bin p;
7. ng my ct pha c in phng in my bin p, sau ln lt ng my ct cc
pha cn li, lu iu kin khp vng hoc ho in nu cc pha cn li c in;
8. Chuyn i ngun t dng (nu cn);
9. Sau khi a my bin p vo vn hnh, kim tra tnh trng vn hnh ca my bin p.
Ty theo ch vn hnh c th a ch t ng iu chnh nc phn p vo lm vic.


Cu 14: BU lm nhim v g trong TBA?S gig v khc nhau gia Mba lc v my
bin in p?S ging v khc nhau gia BU v BI?

My bin in p l mba chuyn dg bin i .p c 3 nv:
1.Ccp .p 100V~ (110V~) cho g h Vonmt o .p fa cao th.
2.Ccp .p 100V (110V)cho cc cun dy .p of cg t in 3fa.
3.Ccp .p th t k(3U0) cho r le bo chm t khi c chm t fa cao th.
S ging v # nhau gia mba lc v BU
ging:- BU v mba lc c ch to da trn ngl cm g in t.
- BU v mba lc c cto c bn gig nhau:u c cun dy & li thp.
Khc:- Cs of BU nh hn rt nhiu so vi mba lc
- BU thg c kthc hh hc nh hn mba lc rt nhiu.
- BU c kthc mch t&kthc of cc cun dy nh.Theo chg loi & vi tng cp .p #
nhau BU t thay i v cto,kiu cch, hh dg v kthc.
- Tu theo tg loi mba lc,cun dy s cp & th cp c nhiu cp .p #nhau, trog khi
BU ch c duy nht 1 cp .p th cp l 100 V~.
- Mba lc 3 fa c rt nhiu t u dy # nhau,trog khi my bin .p 3fa thg c t u
dy Y0/Y0/ A h.
23

S gig v # nhau ja BU v BI
ging: cg c ch to da trn ngl cm g in t.
khc:
- V nv cng tc:
+BU chuyn lm nv bin i U.
+BI chuyn lm nv bin i I.
- V cch u dy trong li in:
+BU u song song trong mch in.
+BI u ni tip trong mch in.
Cu 15: Hy trnh by c tnh ngoi v c tnh iu khin ca MF
+ c tnh ngoi ca my pht in ng b:
c tnh ngoi l quan h U = f(I) khi i(t) = const; cos = const v f = f
m
. N cho thy lc
gi kch thch khng i in p ca my thay i th no theo ti.
Dng in it ng vi U = U
m
; I = I
m
; cos = cos
m
; f = f
m
gi l dng in t ha nh
mc.














T hnh trn ta thy dng ca c tnh ngoi ph thuc vo tnh cht ca ph ti. Nu
ti c tnh cm, khi I tng, phn ng phn ng kh t ca phn ng tng, in p gim v
ng biu din i xung. ngc li nu ti c tnh dung, khi I tng, phn ng phn ng l
tr t in p tng v ng biu din i ln.

+ c tnh iu khin ca my pht in ng b
c tnh iu khin ca MF l quan h i
t
= f(I) khi U = const ;
cos = const v f = f
m
. N cho bit chiu hng iu chnh dng in kch thch i
t
ca my
pht ng b gi cho in p
U u my khng i.



U
m

cos =1
cos = 0,8 (in dung)
cos = 0,8 (in cm)

U

U
I
24













Ta thy vi ti cm khi I tng tc dng kh t ca phn ng
phn ng cng tng lm cho U b gim. gi cho U khng
i phi tng dng in kch thch i
t
.ngc li ti dung khi tng I, mun gi cho U khng
i phi gim dng in kch thch i
t
. Thng thng cos = 0.8( thun cm), nn t khng
ti (U = U
m
;I = 0) n ti nh mc ( U = U
m
; I = I
m
) phi tng dng in kch thch i
t
khong 1,7 n 2,2 ln.

Cu 16: Hy trnh by c tnh cng sut ca MF? Khi tng p lc kh lm mt th c
tnh cng sut thay i ntn?
c tnh cng sut
c tnh cng sut tc dng :

o sin .
.
d
q
x
U E
P =
(3.4a)
c tnh cng sut phn khng :

d d
q
x
U
x
U E
Q
2
cos . = o (3.4b)
c tnh cng sut MF cc li
c tnh cng sut tc dng :
o o 2 sin .
2
sin
2
q d
q d
d
q
x x
x x
U
x
U E
P

+ = (3.5a)
c tnh cng sut phn khng :

q d
q d
q d
q d
d
q
x x
x x
U
x x
x x
U
x
U E
Q
+

+ = .
2
2 cos .
2
cos
2 2
o o (3.5b)




cos = 0.8( in cm)
cos = 1
cos = 0.8( in dung)
i
t
i
t0
I
I
m
25

Khi tng p lc kh lm mt :
- Vic lm mt b mt bng kh Hidro:
Bng cch tng p lc kh trn ng ng s gim c nhit trn cun dy v nng cao
c cng sut cho my pht trong khi kch thc ca my pht vn gi nguyn.
- Vic lm mt trc tip bng kh hidro:
Nu m bo c ch tiu qu nhit tng t nh lm mt b mt th cho php tng cng
sut gii hn n 2,4 ln. Nu tng p lc kh trong ng ng dn kh H
2
lm mt th hiu
qu lm mt cng tng ln tc nng cao c cng sut cho my pht.

Cu 17: Khi thc hin b cspk nng cao h s os c cho ht th chng ta nn t thit
b b u? Gii thch ti sao?
- Nng cao h s cng sut bng phng php b l t cc thit b b gn h dng
in ( thanh ci h p trm bin p phn xng, t pp ng lc hoc tng thit b dng in)
cung cp cspk Q cho chng, gim c Q phi truyn ti trn ng dy, lm gc lch
pha gia S v P gim
b
bu
Q Q
arctg
P

= do nng cao c h s os c ca mng.
Nguyn tc B cng su cng tt

+ Ti thanh ca h p trm bin p phn xng: gim tn tht in nng trm bin p
+ Ti t pp ng lc: gim tn tht in p trn ng dy t t n trm pp v trong trm
+ t t b cho tt c cc ng c: c li nht gim tn tht in nng trn ng dy t
ngun (t pp) n ng c, nhng gi thnh cao
C th lm thm cng c, k th b: Thc t phn b b ti u cn phc thuc vo quy
m kt cu x nghip: x nghip nh nn b ti thanh ci h p ca trm x nghip; nu x
nghip va c trm bin p v mt s phn xng cch xa trm bin p th nn t b ti t
pp v u cc ng c cs ln. ; x nghip ln gm tram bin p chnh v nhiu trm pp ca
phn xng th t t b ti tt c cc thanh ci h p
Cu 18. Trong mba cch in c t.hin nhg bphn no?Nu nhg th nghim cn
thit nh gi tnh trng cch in ca mba? Trnh by th nghim o in tr cch
in ca cun dy mba ?
Trong my bin p cch in c thc hin :
+Gia cun dy cao p v h p.
+ Gia cc cun dy cao p v cao p
+ Gia cc cun dy cao, h p v v
+ Gia cun dy h p v h p.
Nhng th nghim cn thit nh gi tnh trng cch in ca MBA:
+ o in tr cch in gia cc pha vi nhau v vi v.
Mc ch l kim tra s b tnh trng cch in ca cc phn cch in gia cc cun dy
vi nhau v gia cc cun dy vi v my.
+o in tr mt chiu gia cc cun dy
Mc ch l: kim tra tnh trng cc mi ni tnh trng tip xc gia cc im ca b iu
chnh in p, ngn mch gia cc vng dy trong cun dy MBA.
26

+ Th nghim khng ti in p nh mc:
Mc ch l: Kim tra cht lng ca li thp, s chm chp gia cc vng dy trong cc
cun dy.
Trnh by th nghim o in tr cch in ca cun dy my bin p ?
o in tr cch in gia cc cun dy MBA ngi ta dung mt ng h Megommet
loi 2500V.
Tr s Rcd c xc nh sau cc khong thi gian 15s v 60s.Khi o tt c cc u dy ra
ca cun dy kim tra c ni li vi nhau, cc cun dy khc v v phi c ni t
Lu : Trc khi o cn phi kim tra s hon ho ca MG(pin c tt hay ko bng cch ni
tt hai cc ca MG ri quay tay, kim ch 0. Ni tt hai cun dy 2-3 phut phng ht in
tch d)
K
ht
=
60
15
nu K
ht
1,3 th cch in tt.
K
ht
<1 cch in m ta cn phi sy my.

Cu 19 :T b c vai tr g trog li in?Vic t t b pha trug p v pha h p c g
khc nhau ?
Vai tr ca t b trong li in:
T b c vai tr qtrng v tch cc trog vic lm gim tn tht in nng trn li
in .Trog thc t cc pti in thng l cc ng c c h s cs cos rt thp,ngoi ra cc
my bin th phn xg, my bin th hn. Tiu th rt nhiu cspk v c h s cos
cng rt thp.ng nhin khi ng dy truyn ti them 1 lg cspk Q ln s lm hn ch
nhiu n kh nng dn in ca dy dn, lm cho dy dn b pht nng v lm cho tn tht
in nng tng ln.
Nu ta t t b ngay ti h dng in t b s a vo mng in mt dng in
mang tnh cht in dung I
C
v pht ra cspk l Q
bu
. Khi cspk truyn trn ng dy s
gim xung 1 lng l Q-Q
bu
. Nh vy t b c tc dng hn ch cs v cng trn li ci
thin c cos v lm gim tn that in ng.
Vic t t b pha trung p v h p c s khc nhau l:
Nu t pha trung p:
+ Gi thnh tnh theo n v kVAr/ ng s r hn pha h th v khi b pha trug s thg t
dg thit b iu chnh dug lng b
+B c c dung lng Q
pt
ca ph ti h th v Q
0
trog ni b mba.
+ T b t pha cao s yu cu lp t phc tp hn,do chim nhiu din tch v khog
kgian ln.
+ Do dug lg t b k cao ln ch dng cc tb ng ct v bo v n gin nh cu ch, cu
dao.
Nu t pha h p:
+Qun l vh v sa cha rt n gin v in p thp rt d lp t, chim t din tch v
khng gian.
+ Thng c t cc tb ng ct bo v. D dng iu chnh c dung lng t b
theo ch cs, in p, cos.
27

+ gi thnh u t theo kVAr/ ng t hn so vi cao p v phi c them cc thit b iu
chnh dung lng t b.
+ Ch b c trong pvi cs ph ti h th ca mt MBA.
Cu 20. Du bin th lm nhim v g trongmba? Nu cc tiu chun quan trng nht
ca du my trong vn hnh? Phng php qun l du mba trong vn hnh?
- nhim v ca du bin p (.) mba :
- cch in : /p chc thg ca du hin nay c th t ti 65kV/ 2,5cm
- lm mt : kh nng l/mt of du c th t ti 28 ln (.) 0 kh .
- dp h/quang : khi c phg in nh (.) MBA du c tc dng dp tt h/quang hn ch c
s MBA .
- Cc tiu chun cht lg of du mba trong v/hnh :
- nht ca du: dng h gi tnh cht lih ng of du . nht cg thp th du cg d
lu thng ,kh nng lm mt cng tt . khi du b gi ha th nht tg ln lm gim
k/nng lm mt ca du .
- Engler : nht tng i la t/gian chy ca 200ml du nhit nht h vi t/gian
chy ca 200ml nc nhit 20 C. T/gian chy ca 200ml nc 20 C bng 51
(+- 1s) (.) thc t ngi ta k/tra nht ca du = nht k , nht tuyt i c /v l ccm(
cexi tc )
- im chp nhy : khi b gia nhit n 1 nhit no y th du b bc hi to thnh 1 hn
hp du v 0 kh .Nu a 1 ngn la n gn du s b bc chy,gi l nhit chp
chy or ' chp chy:nhit chp chy k c < 135 C .
- hm lng axit &kim ha tan : cho bit sch of du .nu c axit v kim ha tan th
du s b gi ha nhanh chng .cc v/liu ngm (.) du s b n mn .
Du mi k c c axt & kim ha tan .Du ag vh k c qu 0,025 mg KOH.
- tp cht c gii : cho bit (.) du c cn bn tp cht or c tro mui than sinh ra khi du b
h/quang t chy .cc tp cht ny lm gim k/nng tn nhit of cc c/dy & lm cu ni
gy phg in .
- (.) du 0 c c tp cht c gii
- cng cch in or cn goi /p chc thng : cho bit k/nng chu /p th nghim
chc thng 1 lp du c k/cch 2,5cm : if (.) v/hnh cng cch in gim i 15% ,phi
x l du bng p
2
lc ,if gim 30 % th phi sy mba.
- Hm lng nc (.) du :khi tip xc vi 0 kh m du s b hi xm nhp ./p chc
thng ca du s b suy gim nu nh du c nc .
- T/chun hm lng nc (.) du : du mi hm lg nc k qu 0,001%khi lg du.
- Du ang vh nc k qu 0,0025% klg du.
- mu sc ca du : thng thng du b/p (.) sut c mu xah da tri nht or mu vg
nht.sau mt t/gian vh du s b oxy ha& bin i mu sc .Nhn mu du c th on c
th trg bn (.) mba.
- Mu trg xm chg t giy cctng bn (.) my b chy .
- Mu vg sm chg t g bn(.) my b chy.
- Mu en chg t du bn(.)my b chy.
Phng php qun l du mba (.) v/hnh:
28

- Cho vo du mi c cht khg oxy.
- Dg thg du f hon ton kn : ngn cch vi m/trng 0 kh = ti kh lm = cht do
chu du.
- Dg bh bnh lc du ti ch:du(.) qtrnh vh s c lu thg qua bh ny v c lc lien tc .
-Np kh nit vo thg du: dg b np kh nit np vo thg du to 1 lp ngn cch gia
du vi 0 kh, chg oxy ha tt nht cho du mba.np kh nit vo thg du s 0 cn dg bh
lc du.
Cu21: My bin in p lm nhim v g trong HT? Ti sao ni MBDA thng lm
vic trong ch khng ti? Quy nh v cch u MBDA trong li in?
* MBDA dg bin i /p t tr s ln xug tr s thch hp cug cp cho cc dg c
o lng, rle, t g ha
* Cc dg c o v rle c mc // vi c/dy th cp, c/s tiu th nh v tng tr cc c/dy of
chng rt ln. Do vy tng tr ngoi ca mch th cp rt ln, dg in th cp ca BU rt
nh (thg 0 qu 1A). V th, khi l/vic ngi ta coi MBDA l/vic ch 0 ti.
* Quy nh v cch u dyMBDA (.) li in:
- C/dy s cp W1 gm rt nhiu vng dy, tit din ca dy qun b, c mc // vi mch
cn o c /p U1.
- C/ dy th cp W2 gm t vng dy, tit din ca dy qun ln, c mc //vi cc dg c
o, rle / p

Cu 22: Th no l sy v ph sy cho mba ?Trnh by cc phng php sy mba, So
snh u nhc im v phm vi ng dg ca cc pp trn ?
Trog qtrnh vh,do hin tg nhim m nn MBA cn fi c sy li. Tu theo mc m
MBA c th ch cn ph sy hoc sy chnh thc.
Mba cn phi sy trong cc trhp sau:
- C htg nhim m ln(c nc trog rut my).
- Sau i tu,phc hi.
- Tgian rt rut vt qu 2 ln gii hn cho fp.
- My trg thi bo qun qu 1 nm.
- Sau khi tin hh ph sy nhg k t kqu.
Mba cn phi ph sy trog cc trg hp sau:
- V my c htg b h.
- Tgian my trg thi k lv vt qu quy h of nh sx,nhg k qu 1 nm.
- Tgian rt rut ktra vt qu mc cho fp nhg k qu 2 ln.
- Cc tham s cch in k bo yu cu cn thit.
Cc pp sy mba
1. Sy bng l
c thc hin ti xg ch to MBA,nhit sy khi xut xg vo khog 105
0
-110
0

C.Rut my c t trog l,cc u dy c a ra ngoi nh cc s xuyn tg.in tr cch
in c o = mgmt .p 1000 2500V. Trog qtrnh sy, u tin in tr cch in
of cc cun dy gim mh,sau tg ln t t. Qtrnh sy c coi l kt thc, nu trog khog
tgian 4 6h in tr cch in k ti 1nhit x. tg nhah qtrnh sy,thg p dng
29

bphp khuyech tn nhit = cc lun phin tg gim nhit . Sau 1khog tgian nht h
nhit c gim xug n 50
0
60
0
C ri li ng ln 105
0
C.
Pp n i hi nhiu tgian v tn nhiu ng lg,nn ch p dng vi cc MBA cs thp.
2.Sy = gi nng
c t.hin theo ngl thi gi ng nhit chg 70
0
80
0
C vo rut MBA.
-> hqu thp,li c nguy c gy n,nn k p dg nhiu trog t/t.
3. Sy = by hi nc nhit siu lnh
L pp hin i i hi chi ph tn km v vt t t tin nh nit lg du cch inc
p dg nhiu cc nc cg ngip tin tin sy cc loi MBA cs ln.
4. Pp cm ng
c t.hin theo ngl ft ng of din cm g m c sinh ra khi cho din xc vo cc vg dy
qun quah v MBA.
C th tin hnh sy my c hoc k c chn k.Trc khi sy, my cn fi c lm v sih sch
s.Khi sy,du trog thg c x ht, tt c cc l c bt kn, nu l sy chn k; cn nu sy k
c chn k th cn b tr cc g thot kh trn mt my thg gi. Trog qtrnh sy cn gia
nhit y my = gi ng hoc l in tr.
5. Sy = din th t k
Ngl da trn s pht nhit ca din xoy trog li thp v v my.g sc ca t trg
to thh mch khp kn t li thp qua k kh qua v my ri v li thp, do pp n ch c
th p dng cho cc MBA kiu li.
u im: n gin, chi ph in ng
nhc: l ch c th p dng cho 1s loi mba, i hi ngun .p fi tiu chun, c th gy
qu nhit cc b.Thg c p dg sy cc MBA loi va v nh.


Cu 23. c im,yu cu v phn loi BU.BI? So snh s ging v khc nhau v c
im cu to v phm vi ng dng ca BI,BU
*c im , yu cu v phn loai BU,BI
a. BU
c ch to vi in p th cp l 100V hoc 100/3 V
my bin in p lm vic ch gn khng ti
bo v my bin in p khi ngn mch cn t cu chy hoc aptomat vi mc
ch an ton, mt u cun th cp lun lun ni t
cng vic vn hnh ca my bin in p gm: kim tra, gim st nh k, bo dng
v sa cha nh k. cng vic kim tra thng c tin hnh cng vi cc thit b phn phi
khc. Khi kim tra cn ch n tnh trng nguyn vn ca thit b, ko c s r r ca du,
s cch in sch s.. qu trnh th nghim BU gm
o o in tr ch in bng megom met, in tr cch ien cun th cp ko c nh hn
1 M m
o o tg bng cu xoay chiu
o th ngim in p cao
*Phn loi:
theo nguyn l lm vic:
- my bin in p kiu in t
30

- my bin in p kiu t in
phn loi theo cch in: c my bin in p du v my bin in p kh
theo s pha :my bin in p mt pha, hai pha, ba pha
b. BI
my bin dng c to vi dng th cp 5 A hoc 1A. chng lm vic gn vi ch
ngn mch
ch bo ha t hao tn trong li st tng lm nng thit b v gy hng cch
in, nn mch th cp lun c kp kn, mt u ca n phi ni t
my bin dng c kim tra nh k, cng vic kim tra gm: s ni nht th, nh
th, mc du, mu du qu b ch thtnh trng ca cch in v h thng ni dt

*Phn loi
Theo cp in p
- my bin dng110kV
- my bin dng trung th 6,10,22,35 kV
- my bin dng h th 0,4kV
Theo cu to
- my bin dng kiu chn s
- my bin dng kiu c 2 cun dy th cp
- my bin dng c nhu cun dy th cp
- my bin dng c nhu nc t s bin
- my bin dng kiu ca s
- my bin dng kiu dy qun
* So snh s ging, khc nhau v c im cu to v phm vi ng dng ca BI, BU ?
Ging nhau
c ch to da trn nguyn l cm ng in t v u l thit b ph tr cho mch o
lng, bo v
Khc nhau
My bin in p BU
My bin dng in BI

thng bin i in p cao xung
in p thp phc v cho mch o
lng, bo v
c ch to c cp in p th
cp nh mc 100 V..
cun dy s cp ni song song vi
mch o( c in p cao th), cun th
cp ni song song vi cc dng c o
in p
ch dng trong mch in cao th
(U>380)
ca 2 cun dy u c qun bng
dy c tit din nh , s vng dy t l
thun vi in p nh mc
dng bin i cc dng in ln xung
dng in nh phc v cho mch o lng, bo
v
thng ch to c cp dng in th cp
nh mc l 5A( hoc1A)
cun s cp ni ni tip vi mch o c
dng in i qua ln, cun th cp ni ni tip vi
cc dng c o dng in
dng c cho mch in cao v h th
. cun dy s cp c tit din to , cun th
cp c tit din nh , s vng dy nhu hn v t l
nghch vi dng in nh mc
ph ti ca BI l cc cun dy dng in c
tr khng rt b nn BI lm vic nh MBA ph
31

ph ti ca BU l cc cun dy
in p c tr khng rt ln nn BU lm
vic nh MBA ph thng trng thi
khng ti, ko c php ngn mch pha
th cp


thng trng thi ngn mch, ko c php h
mch pha th cp




Cu 24. Trong mba cch in c th hin nhg b phn no?Nu nhg th nghim
cn thit nh gi tnh trng cch in ca mba? Trnh by th nghim o in tr
cch in ca cun dy mba ?
Trong my bin p cch in c thc hin :
+Gia cun dy cao p v h p.
+ Gia cc cun dy cao p v cao p
+ Gia cc cun dy cao, h p v v
+ Gia cun dy h p v h p.
Nhng th nghim cn thit nh gi tnh trng cch in ca MBA:
+ o in tr cch in gia cc pha vi nhau v vi v.
Mc ch l kim tra s b tnh trng cch in ca cc phn cch in gia cc cun dy
vi nhau v gia cc cun dy vi v my.
+o in tr mt chiu gia cc cun dy
Mc ch l: kim tra tnh trng cc mi ni tnh trng tip xc gia cc im ca b iu
chnh in p, ngn mch gia cc vng dy trong cun dy MBA.
+ Th nghim khng ti in p nh mc:
Mc ch l: Kim tra cht lng ca li thp, s chm chp gia cc vng dy trong cc
cun dy.
Trnh by th nghim o in tr cch in ca cun dy my bin p ?
o in tr cch in gia cc cun dy MBA ngi ta dung mt ng h Megommet
loi 2500V.
Tr s Rcd c xc nh sau cc khong thi gian 15s v 60s.Khi o tt c cc u dy ra
ca cun dy kim tra c ni li vi nhau, cc cun dy khc v v phi c ni t
Lu : Trc khi o cn phi kim tra s hon ho ca MG(pin c tt hay ko bng cch ni
tt hai cc ca MG ri quay tay, kim ch 0. Ni tt hai cun dy 2-3 phut phng ht in
tch d)
K
ht
=
60
15
nu K
ht
1,3 th cch in tt.
K
ht
<1 cch in m ta cn phi sy my.


Cu 25: Trnh by phng php chuyn my pht sang cc ch lm vic b ng b
My b ng b, thc cht l ng c in ng b lm vic khng ti (trc ng c
khng ni vi ti) b h s cng sut (cos ) v iu chnh in p mng in. Ch
lm vic bnh thng ca MBB l qu kch t, pht ra cng sut phn khng cho li in
nng cao cos tng in p n tr s cn thit. Lc ny, my b c vai tr nh mt b t
32

in. Khi ti xung thp, in p ca li tng cao, MBB s lm vic ch thiu kch
t, tiu th cng sut phn khng ca li, tng in p ri trn ng dy, gim in p
n tr s yu cu. MBB thng c rto cc li, cng sut t n hng trm
mgavn.ampe. Ngy nay, MBB c thay th bng cc my b tnh (SVC - Static VAR
Compensator) c tnh nng tt hn.
Cc my pht in u c th lm vic 2 ch :
ch my pht v ch ng c ng b.
- ch my pht
- ch ng c, hay cn gi l ch chy b th my s nhn cng sut P t li
cn cng sut Q c th pht hay nhn bng cch iu chnh kch t (ph thuc vo in o
li in khi ), qu kch thch th pht Q, km kch thch th ht Q.
vi cc t my phat - tuabin vn cn chc nng chy ch my pht th tuabin lun c
gn vi my pht khi cn c th chuyn sang chy ch my pht, tr cc trng hp
my lun lun chy ch ng c (hay ch b) th mi tho tuabin ra khi my pht
gim ti cho my (gim tiu th P)
vi cc my c thit k ch chy b th s khng cn tuabin
- i vi Tuabin nc th cho php lm vic ch b.
Khi lm vic ch b th cnh hng nc c ng kn v nc c ui ra khi
bung xon ( bung bnh xe cng tc), y nc c ui ra nh h thng kh nn cao
p ty theo tng nh my m p lc kh nn l bao nhiu.
2 ch khi lm vic vi ch b:
+ ch b thiu
+ ch b tha
trong c 2 ch ny th bnh xe cng tc u quay khng trong khng kh cn ty theo
lm vic ch b no m t my nhn cng sut v cng (Q) t li v hay pht cng
sut v cng (Q) ln li. Cn lng cng sut hu cng (P) tiu th ca mt t my khi
chy b th ty vo tng t my.
- Nu mng in ni mch vng th gim cng sut v cng truyn ti trn ng dy th
ti cc nt ngi ta tin hnh b mc ch gim tn tht trn ng dy.
- Nu mng hnh tia th b ti cc nt ph ti cng vi mc ch .
- Mt iu quan trng na l trong h thng in nu in p thp th ti cc nh my pht
in hay cc trm b ngi ta pht cng sut v cng nng cao in p h thng ln. V
ngc li nu in p h thng cao th ti nh my pht in hay trm b s tiu th cng
sut v cng.
Ti nh my in ngi ta gi l chy b ng b: nhn cng sut hu cng t li v
quay my pht (nh mt ng c), cn cng sut v cng th c th pht hoc nhn.

Cu 26: BI(TI) lm nhim v g trog HT? Ti sao trong vn hnh khng c php
h mch cun th cp?
Trog HT my bin din TI lm nv bin i din s cp t tr s ln I
1~
thh
din th cp c tr s nh I
2~
, din I
2m~
c quy chun l 5 ampe (1A).TI dg cp in
cho cun dy din ca Watt mt,Cng t in, Ampe mt.Cc g h o m in ni trn
cn fi c din mc l 5A hoc 1A.
Th d:
33

- Nu din i qua cun dy s cp of TI l 500A,din mc ca cun dy th cp of TI l
5A th TI c t s bin i l: k
I
= 500A/5A = 100.
Nu din i qua cun dy s cp of TI l 500A din mc of cun dy th cp ca TI
l 1A th TI c t s bin i l: k
I
= 500A/1A = 500.
Trog cc TBA trug gian mi TI c ch to 2cun dy th cp, 1cun dg cho o lg &
1cun dg cho r le bo v. Trog cc TBAPP h th 220/380V thg dg 2 b TI, 1b dg
cho g h ampe 1b dg cho cg t in, k c dg chug nhau 1TI bo cho cg t in
lv c cxc.
Trog vh nu h mch th cp TI s gy ra chy hg v 2ngnhn:
- Ngnhn 1: Gy t ha li thp lm ng mch t dn n cch in MBD chng b gi ci.
Bthg trog cun dy s cp v th cp ca TI u c din chy qua
i
1
~ sih ra lc t ha F
1
= i
1
w
1
; i
2
~

sih ra lc t ha F
2
= i
2
w
2
Ta c: F

= F
1
- F
2
=
i
1
w
1
- i
2
w
2
~ 0
Khi h mch th cp i
2
~ = 0
F
2
= i
2
w
2
= 0 ; F

= F
1
- F
2
= F
1
; F

= i
1
w
1
.


F
1
gy t ha li thp nn TI thg xuyn b nug ng lm cho cch in ca cun dy TI
b ha gi.
- Ngnhn 2: Lm xhin .p nh nhn E
2
trog cun dy, chc thng cch in ca TI. Khi
c ti cun dy s cp & th cp ca TI u c din chy qua. Din pti I
1
~ s c c
tuyn hh sin,din I1~ sih ra t thg u
1
~ c dg hh sin,t thg ny cm g trog cun dy
th cp 1din I
2
~ cg c dg hh sin. Khi cun dy th cp of TI b h mch trog li thp
xhin t thg u
1~
tn s 50Hz. g c tuyn c dg hh thag. Ti im i chiu ' 0
tc bi ca t thg du/dt l max s sih ra sc in g e
2
c dg h nhn trn cun dy
th cp of T

Cu 27.Nu cc yu cu c bn v vn hnh MBA?
Cc yc cbn v vh mba
- Vh mba bao gm cc cng vic ktra h k, sa cha bo dg,th ngim thao tc g ct
duy tr ch lv bt vi hiu qu kih t cao nht .cg vic ktra h k do nhn vin vh c trh
an ton k di bc 3 tin hh. mba lun trg thi lv bt cn fi t n di s gim
st cht ch
Vic jm st ny gm :
- g/st nhit , mc /p v ph ti .
- gst cc ch tiu k thut of du&cch in
- g/st th trg ca cc tb lm mt .v thit b iu chh in p
- i vi cc TBA c ngi trc,vic gim st thg s vh c cn c va cc ch s ca cc
g h o. Cc ch s ca ng h o c ghi li mi ting 1 ln . i vi cc TBA k c
ngi trc th cc ch s ca cc dng h o c ghi li mi ln i ktra, cn c bit ch
n cn = pha trog time cao im .
-cc MBA phi c ktra nh k v ktra bt thg .vic ktra nh k mba c ktra t nht mi ca
1 ln vi TBA c ngi trc &15 ngy 1 ln vi TBA 0 c ngi trc.
-Khi k/tra TBA cn ch n th trg cc tip im , mc du (.) MBA & m/ct , tig ku
ca my ,trg thi cc s c/in , cu chy .... nu (.) qu trh k/tra pht hin ra nhg hin
tg l nh ting ku r ca mba , t/xc im b nng , du b chy ... th cn bo ngay
34

cho trc ban kp thi x l . trg hp khn cp nh e da n tnh mng ngi , s/c
NM .v..v th cn tin hh ct loi ngay cc phn t b s/c ra khi mg in sau bo cho
trc ban v nhg din bin . Tt c cc kt qu kho st , k/ tra c ghi vo s nht k lu tr
. K/tra bt thg c tin hh khi c hin tg sau :
- nhit du thay i t ngt .
- my b ct bi role hi or role so lch.
- Nhg cng vic thc hin trong tba nh sa cha , chh h , thay i u phn p
v.v.v.ch c thc hin theo phiu thao tc .
35

II. CC THAO TC
1. Thao tc my ct
1. My ct cho php ng, ct ph ti v ngn mch trong phm vi kh nng cho
php ca my ct.
2. Kim tra my ct tiu chun ng ct trc khi thao tc.
3. My ct cn phi c a ra kim tra, bo dng (theo quy trnh vn hnh my
ct hoc hng dn ca nh ch to) trong cc trng hp sau:
a) ct tng dng ngn mch n mc quy nh;
b) S ln ct ngn mch n mc quy nh;
c) S ln thao tc ng ct n mc quy nh;
d) Thi gian vn hnh n mc quy nh.
4. Trc khi a my ct ang ch d phng vo vn hnh, phi kim tra li
my ct v cc b phn lin quan, m bo my ct vn hnh bnh thng.
5. Vic tin hnh thao tc my ct ch cho php khi mch iu khin trng thi tt
v khng chm t. Vic tin hnh thao tc trong trng hp c chm t trong mch iu
khin ch cho php trong x l s c.
6. Sau khi thao tc my ct, phi kim tra ch th ti ch trng thi ca my ct, kho
iu khin ca my ct nu sau c thao tc ti ch dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct.
7. Phi kim tra trng thi m ca my ct hp b trc khi thao tc di chuyn t
trng thi vn hnh sang th nghim hoc ngc li.
8. Vic ng ct th my ct c thc hin khi m bo c mt trong cc yu
cu sau:
a) Cc dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct c ct hon ton v ch ng dao tip
a hoc tip a di ng mt pha ca my ct ny.
b) Nu ng dao cch ly mt pha ca my ct, phi ct tt c cc tip a ca
ngn my ct ny.
9. Cho php kim tra trng thi my ct theo ch th ca tn hiu v o lng m
khng cn kim tra ch th trng thi ti ch trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Sau khi thao tc my ct, khng thao tc dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct ny;
b) Sau khi thao tc my ct, vic thao tc dao cch ly hai pha my ct c thc
hin bng iu khin t xa (ti phng iu khin trung tm);
c) Thc hin thao tc xa hoc thao tc trong iu kin thi tit xu.
10. i vi cc my ct c tng dng ct ngn mch hoc c s ln ct ngn mch
n mc quy nh, nhng khi cn thit, sau khi kim tra my ct tiu chun vn hnh
v c s ng ca gim c hoc ph gim c k thut n v qun l vn hnh thit
b th cho php c ct s c thm.
2.Thao tc dao cch ly
1. Dao cch ly c php thao tc khng in hoc thao tc c in khi dng in thao tc
nh hn dng in cho php theo quy trnh vn hnh ca dao cch ly do n v qun l
vn hnh ban hnh. Cho php dng dao cch ly tin hnh cc thao tc c in trong cc
trng hp sau:
a) ng v ct im trung tnh ca cc my bin p, khng in;
36

b) ng v ct cc cun dp h quang khi trong li in khng c hin tng chm t;
c) ng v ct chuyn i thanh ci khi my ct hoc dao cch ly lin lc thanh ci
ng;
d) ng v ct khng ti thanh ci hoc on thanh dn;
e) ng v ct dao cch ly ni tt thit b;
f) ng v ct khng ti my bin in p, my bin dng in;
g) Cc trng hp ng v ct khng ti cc my bin p lc, cc ng dy trn khng,
cc ng cp phi c n v qun l vn hnh thit b cho php ty theo tng loi dao
cch ly.
h) Cc b truyn ng c kh hoc t ng ca cc dao cch ly dng ng ct dng
in t ha, dng in np, dng in ph ti, dng in cn bng cn phi m bo hnh
trnh nhanh chng v thao tc dt khot.
2. Trc khi thc hin thao tc ti ch dao cch ly th phi kim tra cc iu kin m
bo khng xut hin h quang trc khi thao tc.
3. Trnh t thao tc dao cch ly hai pha my ct ( phng trng hp my ct ng ct
khng ton pha, khi thao tc dao cch ly c th xut hin h quang gy s c):
a) Trng hp mt pha my ct c in p, mt pha khng c in p: Thao tc m dao
cch ly pha khng c in p trc; Thao tc ng dao cch ly pha c in p trc.
b) Trng hp hai pha my ct u c in p hoc khng c in p: Thao tc m dao
cch ly pha nu c s c xy ra t nh hng n ch vn ca h thng in trc; Thao
tc ng dao cch ly pha nu c s c xy ra t nh hng n ch vn ca h thng
in sau.
4. Thao tc ti ch dao cch ly phi thc hin nhanh chng v dt khot, nhng khng c
gy h hng dao cch ly. Trong qu trnh ng (hoc ct) dao cch ly nghim cm ct (hoc
ng) li dao tr li khi thy xut hin h quang.
5. Sau khi kt thc thao tc dao cch ly, cn kim tra v tr cc li dao phng trnh trng
hp cha ng ct ht hnh trnh hoc li dao trt ra ngoi hm tnh.
3.Thao tc dao tip a
1. Trc khi thao tc ng dao tip a, phi kim tra ng dy hoc thit b in khng
cn in p v trng thi ti ch my ct, dao cch ly lin quan m hon ton.
2. Phi kim trng thi ti ch cc dao tip a c m ht trc khi thao tc dao cch
ly a ng dy hoc thit b in vo vn hnh.
6.Thao tc ct in ng dy
Thao tc ct in ng dy theo trnh t sau:
1. Kim tra tro lu cng sut, in p ca h thng trc khi thao tc. iu chnh cng
sut, in p, chuyn ph ti cc trm in nhn in t ng dy ny;
2. Ln lt ct tt c cc my ct cc u ng dy hoc nhnh r theo trnh t pha xa
ngun trc, pha gn ngun sau;
3. Ln lt ct cc dao cch ly cc u ng dy, nhnh r;
4. ng dao tip a cc u ng dy, nhnh r;
5. Ct p t mt cc my bin in p ca ng dy (nu c);
37

6. Giao ng dy cho cc n v qun l vn hnh cng tc, lu t lm cc bin php an
ton, treo bin bo theo Quy trnh an ton in hin hnh.
7.Thao tc ng in ng dy
Thao tc ng in ng dy theo trnh t sau:
1.Cc n v qun l vn hnh giao tr ng dy: ngi v phng tin rt ht, tho
ht tip a di ng, ng dy tiu chun vn hnh v sn sng ng in;
2.ng p t mt cc my bin in p ca ng dy (nu c);
3.Ct tt c cc dao tip a cc u ng dy, nhnh r;
4.Ln lt ng cc dao cch ly cc u ng dy, nhnh r;
5.Ln lt ng cc my ct cc u ng dy, nhnh r theo trnh t sau:
a) i vi ng dy hnh tia ch c in mt u: ng in u c in trc.
b) i vi ng dy mch vng cc u u c in: ng in u xa nh my in
trc, khp vng hoc ha ng b u gn nh my in sau. Nu c kh nng xy ra qu
in p cui ng dy, ng in u c in p thp hn trc, khp vng hoc ha ng
b u kia sau.
6.iu chnh li cng sut, in p, chuyn ph ti ph hp sau khi a ng dy vo vn
hnh.
Cc bin php an ton i vi ng dy
ng dy trn khng vn hnh ch ng in khng ti t mt ngun hoc
ch d phng, phi m dao cch ly pha ng dy ca cc my ct ang trng thi
m.
ng dy ct in v lm bin php an ton xong mi c giao cho n v
ng k lm vic. Khi giao ng dy cho n v sa cha, ni dung bn giao phi c dng
sau:
ng dy (ch r tn v mch) c ct in, ti cc im (ch r tn trm,
nh my) ng cc tip a v tr no. Cho php lm cc bin php an ton n v
cng tc bt u lm vic;
Cn phi kt thc cng vic vo thi im no;
Nu ng dy hai mch th phi ni r mch kia ang c in hay khng v
lm bin php cn thit chng in cm ng;
Cc lu khc lin quan n cng tc.
Nghim cm nhn vin vn hnh ct cc tip a ng, tho g bin bo khi
cha c lnh ca ngi ra lnh thao tc.
Nu do iu kin cng vic m cn phi ct cc tip a c nh ng dy m
vn c ngi cng tc trn ng dy th phi ng tip a khc hoc t tip a lu ng
thay th trc khi ct cc tip a ny. Sau khi hon thnh cng vic th phi ng li cc
tip a c nh trc ri mi g b cc tip a di ng.
Tr trng hp c trang b mn hnh iu khin, nhn vin vn hnh sau khi thc
hin thao tc ct in ng dy v thit b lin quan n ng dy ti trm in hoc nh
my in ra sa cha phi thao tc trn s ni cc bc thao tc nh trong phiu v treo
bin bo, k hiu tip a y . Ghi vo s nht k vn hnh thi gian thao tc, lnh cho
38

php lm vic. Trong phiu cng tc v s nht k vn hnh ghi r s lng tip a
ng, s n v tham gia cng vic sa cha v cc c im cn lu khc.
Sau khi kt thc cng vic sa cha ng dy v thit b lin quan n ng
dy ti trm in hoc nh my in, n v qun l vn hnh phi khng nh ngi v
phng tin rt ht, tho ht tip a di ng v tr ng dy, thit b ngn ng
dy ca trm in hoc nh my in cho cp iu c quyn iu khin ra lnh ng
in. Ni dung bo co tr ng dy c dng nh sau: "Cng vic trn ng dy (tn
ng dy v mch), trn thit b (tn thit b ca ngn xut tuyn ti trm in hoc nh
my in) theo phiu (s my) thc hin xong, tt c cc tip a di ng ti hin trng
g ht, ngi ca cc n v cng tc rt ht; ng dy, thit b tiu chun vn
hnh v sn sng nhn in; xin tr ng dy, thit b ng in".
Nu trong khi ct in ng dy thc hin cc bin php nh thay i kt dy
nht th, thay i nh th ... (theo s nht k vn hnh) th khi ng in li ng dy ny,
nhn vin vn hnh ca cp iu c quyn iu khin phi tin hnh thay i li kt dy
nht th, thay i nh th cho ph hp vi s mi v phi ghi vo s nht k vn hnh.
8.Thao tc thanh ci
Thao tc a thanh ci d phng vo vn hnh phi lu :
1.Kim tra thanh ci d phng khng c tip a di ng, ct ht cc tip a c nh.
2.Phi dng my ct lin lc thanh ci c r le bo v phng th thanh ci d phng. Nu
khng c my ct lin lc thanh ci, phi la chn my ct ca im u thch hp phng
in vo thanh ci d phng.
Trc khi thao tc chuyn i thanh ci phi lu :
a) Kim tra bo v so lch thanh ci, c lp bo v so lch thanh ci (nu cn thit)
theo quy nh ca n v qun l vn hnh.
b) Kim tra my ct hoc dao cch ly lin lc hai thanh ci ang ng. Ct in mch
iu khin ca my ct lin lc nu thao tc dao cch ly c thc hin ti ch trong thi
gian thao tc dao cch ly chuyn im u.
c) Theo di s thay i tro lu cng sut, dng in qua my ct lin lc. La chn
bc thao tc chuyn im u t thanh ci ny sang thanh ci khc hp l trnh qu ti
my ct lin lc.
3.n v qun l vn hnh phi lp phiu thao tc mu p dng cho thao tc chuyn i
thanh ci. Phiu thao tc mu ny ghi r trnh t cc bc thao tc nht th v nh th ph
hp vi s mch nht th v nh th ca trm in.
9.Thao tc my ct vng
1.Ti cc trm in c trang b my ct vng, n v qun l vn hnh phi lp phiu thao
tc mu p dng cho thao tc dng my ct vng thay cho mt my ct khc v ngc li.
2.Phiu thao tc mu dng my ct vng thay cho mt my ct khc v ngc li phi ghi r
trnh t cc bc thao tc nht th v nh th ph hp vi s mch nht th v nh th
ca trm in hoc nh my in.
39

Thao tc ho in
Thao tc ha in phi c thc hin ti my ct c trang b thit b ha ng b theo iu
kin sau:
iu kin ho in trn h thng in c cp in p 500 kV:
a) Gc lch pha ca in p gia hai pha im ho: o s 15
0
;
b) Chnh lch tn s gia hai pha im ho: Af s 0,05 Hz;
c) Chnh lch in p gia hai pha im ho: AU s 5%.
iu kin ho in trn h thng in c cp in p s 220 kV:
a) Gc lch pha ca in p gia hai pha im ho: o s 30
0
;
b) Chnh lch tn s gia hai pha im ho: Af s 0,25 Hz;
c) Chnh lch in p gia hai pha im ho: AU s 10%.
Thao tc khp mch vng
Ch c php khp kn mt mch vng trong h thng in khi ti im khp mch vng
chc chn ng v pha v cng th t pha. cc cp iu cn c danh sch cc im
c th khp mch vng v c lnh o cp iu duyt.
iu kin khp mch vng trn h thng in:
a) Gc lch pha ca in p gia hai pha im khp vng: o < 30
0
;
b) Chnh lch in p gia hai pha im khp vng: AU < 10%.
Thao tc khp mch vng ln phi kim tra iu kin gc lch pha v chnh lch in p
theo quy nh ti khon 2 iu ny. Trng hp khng kim tra c gc lch pha th phi
c tnh ton trc kim tra gc lch pha.
Lu n hot ng ca bo v r le v t ng, thay i tro lu cng sut v in p
trong h thng in khi khp mch vng.
Thao tc m mch vng
Trc khi thao tc m mch vng, phi iu chnh gim cng sut hoc dng in qua my
ct l nh nht. i vi mch vng ln, phi tnh ton kim tra khng b qu in p phc
hi ca my ct trc khi thc hin thao tc m mch vng ny.
Khi thao tc tch cc h thng in ra vn hnh c lp, cc cp iu phi cng phi hp
iu chnh cng sut gia cc nh my hoc cn bng cng sut cc h thng in sao
cho duy tr c tnh trng vn hnh bnh thng ca cc h thng in sau khi m vng
mt lin kt h thng.
Thao tc thit b in (my pht, thit b iu chnh in p)
Thao tc tch hoc ho li my pht, my b; thao tc ng ct khng in, t in; thao
tc chuyn nc my bin p v cc thao tc c lin quan khc phi thc hin theo quy trnh
vn hnh ca tng nh my in hoc trm in.
i vi cc cp iu , trc v sau khi thao tc tch hoc ho li my pht t my, thao
tc ng ct khng in hoc t in, thao tc chuyn nc my bin p phi kim tra li ch
vn hnh h thng in.



40


1. Ha ng b cc my pht in trong trng hp no:
l hnh thc mc song song cc my pht in. Nhu cu khi no phi s dng gii php
my pht in song song hoc my pht in song song vi li in:
- Khi cng sut yu cu ln hn cng sut ca mt my
- tit kim nhin liu khi ph ti thay i nhiu
- Khi h thng lm vic lin tc 24 gi trong ngy v 7 ngy trong tun khng mun
gin on khi chuyn ti t my ny sang my khc
- Khi ph ti ln quan trng v thi gian cho php mt in rt b hoc tuyt i
khng c mt in (nh cc nh my cng sut ln, bnh vin, cc trung tm hi ngh
tm c quc gia trong khi c hi ngh ang din ra,).
2. Th no l mt h thng my pht in song song?
Mt h thng my pht in lm vic song song khi c nhiu my cng cp cho mt ti
hoc mt h thng ti chung.
H thng ny c s dng tng kh nng cung cp in cho h thng (nh my in,
li in quc gia,), do cng sut ca mt t my pht in nh hn cng sut ph ti i
hi.
41

Mc lc
Cu 1: Ti sao phi lm mt cho MP, trnh by cc phng php lm mt cho
MP ? So snh s ging,khc nhau & phm vi s dng ca vic lm mt bng
khng kh & kh hidro cho MF ? ............................................................................ 1
Cu 2: Mc ch, ngha ca vic b cng sut phn khng trong HT?Trnh
by cc phng php iu chnh in p trn h thng in? ............................... 2
Cu 1: c im, yu cu v phn loi my pht in ? So snh s ging v khc
nhau c bn ca MF tuabin hi v tuabin nc ? ................................................ 4
Cu 2: c im, yu cu v phn loi ng dy trn khng v dy cp ? Nu
nguyn tc chung v qun l vn hnh ng dy trn khng v dng h hng
thng gp i vi ng dy trn khng ? ............................................................ 6
Cu 1: c im, yu cu v phn loi my ct in ? So snh s ging, khc
nhau v c im cu to, u nhc im v phm vi ng dng ca my ct kh
SF6 v my ct chn khng? ...................................................................................... 9
Cu 2: Ti sao phi lm mt cho my bin p? Trnh by cc phng php lm
mt cho my bin p, so sanh s ging,khc nhau u nhc v phm vi ng
dng ? ......................................................................................................................... 12
Cu 1: c im v thao tc h thng iu chnh in p my bin p ? Trnh
by thao tc b iu p di ti? Ti sao b iu p ca MBA li t cun dy
in p cao v trong mt thng du ring ? ........................................................... 14
Cu 2: Nu nguyn tc chung sy my in? Trnh by cc phng php sy
my in,? So snh s ging, khc nhau, u nhc im v phm vi ng dng
ca cc phng php trn? ...................................................................................... 15
I.CC CU HI V HA NG B MY BIN P ....................................... 19
Cu1: iu kin vn hnh song song cc my bin p? Gii thch tng iu
kin? ............................................................................................................................. 19
Cu 2: T b trn li in phn phi c cng dng g? Ti sao khi lp t b vi dung
lng ph hp th gim c TTN? T b trn li phn phi thuc loi b no? Nu
phn theo cchiu khin gm my loi? ....................................................................... 19
Cu 3: Hy cho bit nh hng ca vic my bin p lm vic khng i xng khi ti phn
b khng u? ............................................................................................................... 19
Cu 4: iu kin cn thit thc hin ng kt vng h 2 pht tuyn trung th? iu kin
cn thit thc hin kt vng kn 2 pht tuyn trung th? .............................................. 19
Cu 5: My bin th 3 pha c t u dy Dyn11 ni t s trung tnh h th c tc dng g?
..................................................................................................................................... 20
Cu 6: Cng dng ca bin dng in (TI)? Trong bin dng cun dy c cp chnh xc 0.5
s dngcho mc ch g, cun dy c cp chnh xc 5P20 s dng cho mc ch g? ......... 20
Cu 7: Cng dng ca bin in p TU? ........................................................................ 20
Cu 8: u im ca vic vn hnh song song hai my bin p? ....................................... 20
Cu 9. Ha ng b l g? iu kin ha ng b? ............................................... 20
Cu 10: Khi MBA ang vn hnh bn cn phi theo di nm bt c nhng
thng s no? .............................................................................................................. 20
Cu 11: Ti sao khi vn hnh MBA b nng ln? Cc ngun nhit no tc ng
lm nng MBA? Mc ch ca vic lm mt cho mba lm g? Ti sao? ........ 21
Cu 12: Nu tnh trng s c my bin p lc v nhng nguyn nhn gy ra s
c? ............................................................................................................................... 21
42

Cu 13 : Nu trnh t thao tc a my bin p lc vo vn hnh v loi my
bin p ra khi li khi s c? ................................................................................. 21
Cu 14: BU lm nhim v g trong TBA?S gig v khc nhau gia Mba lc v
my bin in p?S ging v khc nhau gia BU v BI? ................................... 22
Cu 15: Hy trnh by c tnh ngoi v c tnh iu khin ca MF ............ 23
Cu 16: Hy trnh by c tnh cng sut ca MF? Khi tng p lc kh lm
mt th c tnh cng sut thay i ntn? ................................................................. 24
Cu 17: Khi thc hin b cspk nng cao h s os c cho ht th chng ta nn
t thit b b u? Gii thch ti sao? ................................................................ 25
Cu 18. Trong mba cch in c t.hin nhg bphn no?Nu nhg th nghim
cn thit nh gi tnh trng cch in ca mba? Trnh by th nghim o
in tr cch in ca cun dy mba ? ................................................................... 25
Cu 19 :T b c vai tr g trog li in?Vic t t b pha trug p v pha h
p c g khc nhau ? ................................................................................................. 26
Cu 20. Du bin th lm nhim v g trongmba? Nu cc tiu chun quan trng
nht ca du my trong vn hnh? Phng php qun l du mba trong vn
hnh?........................................................................................................................... 27
Cu21: My bin in p lm nhim v g trong HT? Ti sao ni MBDA
thng lm vic trong ch khng ti? Quy nh v cch u MBDA trong
li in? .................................................................................................................... 28
Cu 22: Th no l sy v ph sy cho mba ?Trnh by cc phng php sy
mba, So snh u nhc im v phm vi ng dg ca cc pp trn ? .................. 28
Cu 23. c im,yu cu v phn loi BU.BI? So snh s ging v khc nhau
v c im cu to v phm vi ng dng ca BI,BU ........................................... 29
Cu 24. Trong mba cch in c th hin nhg b phn no?Nu nhg th
nghim cn thit nh gi tnh trng cch in ca mba? Trnh by th
nghim o in tr cch in ca cun dy mba ? ................................................ 31
Cu 25: Trnh by phng php chuyn my pht sang cc ch lm vic b
ng b ....................................................................................................................... 31
Cu 26: BI(TI) lm nhim v g trog HT? Ti sao trong vn hnh khng c
php h mch cun th cp?............................................................................... 32
Cu 27.Nu cc yu cu c bn v vn hnh MBA? .............................................. 33
II. CC THAO TC .................................................................................................... 35
1. Thao tc my ct ............................................................................................ 35
2.Thao tc dao cch ly ....................................................................................... 35
3.Thao tc dao tip a ...................................................................................... 36
6.Thao tc ct in ng dy ......................................................................... 36
7.Thao tc ng in ng dy ...................................................................... 37
Cc bin php an ton i vi ng dy ...................................................... 37
8.Thao tc thanh ci .......................................................................................... 38
9.Thao tc my ct vng ................................................................................... 38
Thao tc ho in .............................................................................................. 39
Thao tc khp mch vng ................................................................................. 39
Thao tc m mch vng .................................................................................... 39
Thao tc thit b in (my pht, thit b iu chnh in p) ...................... 39
1. Ha ng b cc my pht in trong trng hp no: ................................... 40
2. Th no l mt h thng my pht in song song? .......................................... 40