Protection notice / Copyright notice

Siemens AG 2011. All rights reserved.

Bo Birkemose/ February 2011
Fault analysis and Condition monitoring
E R WP EN
Siemens AG 2011. All rights reserved
.
BEGINNING OF THE WIND BUSINESS
In the 80s
Turbine capacity: 15-350 KW
Maintenance: ad-hoc
Technician Expertise: low
Area of Expertise: complete turbine
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WIND TURBINE DEVELOPMENT
In the 90s
Turbine capacity: Touching the MW range
Maintenance: ad-hoc
Technician Expertise: medium
Area of Expertise: complete turbine
Fault Analysis and Condition
Monitoring for Wind Turbines
was introduced
E R WP EN
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. 15/02/2011 Page 4
WIND TURBINES AS
POWER PLANTS
Today
Turbine capacity: 1-6 MW
Maintenance: planned
Technician Expertise: high
Area of Expertise: component specialist
Remote Analysis
Methods
Non-threshold Based
Monitoring
Integrated Condition
Monitoring
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Remote analysis Methods
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Remote analysis Methods
Analysis of faults that has occurred
Product or area knowledge
Statistical and time series data
Analysis of conditions that has not yet led to a fault
Two different approaches
1. Product or area knowledge
2. Statistical or mathematical approach
Mainly based on statistical data
Reactive
Preventive
Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend
the first four sharpening the axe.*
* Abraham Lincoln
E R WP EN
Siemens AG 2011. All rights reserved
.
Remote analysis Methods
non threshold based
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Condition Monitoring
Today approach = High level of integration with the rest of the control systems
Condition
Monitoring
Turbine
Control
Non-
threshold
based
monitoring
Park & Grid
control
Weather
forecast
Maintenance
schedule
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Condition Monitoring
Example of tooth damage on HS shaft
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Condition Monitoring
Example of tooth damage on planet wheel
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TLC - Turbine Load Control
E R WP EN
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TLC - Turbine Load Control
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time [years]
C
u
n
s
u
m
e
d

l
i
f
e
t
i
m
e

[
%
]
TLC operation
Lifetime within
design
specifications
TLC on
Lifetime reached
Nominal operation
Overloaded operation
TLC on
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Grid and power quality
Grid operators start to require wind farms to behave like
conventional power plants with respect to
PF capability (Power Factor)
LVRT capability (Low Voltage Ride Through)
Frequency control
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Grid and power quality
Fixed speed = squirrel cage induction generator directly connected to the grid through transformer
DFIG = Double Fed Induction Generator with Partial Scale Frequency Converter
VS-FC = Variable Speed Full Converter, includes asynchronous generators and synchronous generators
Source: E R WP SP MK
Hansen, Hansen, Market penetration of wind power concept over the years
Market analysis
DFIG architecture enjoys large worldwide
acceptance
Fixed speed and OptiSlip machines are
disappearing from the market
VS-FC is gaining popularity now
Market Share worldwide
year
S
h
a
r
e

o
f

y
e
a
r
l
y

i
n
s
t
a
l
l
e
d

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
1995 2005
Fixed Speed
DFIG
VS-FC
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Grid and power quality
0,69/33 kV
WTG Trafo
Converter
33 kV
Busbar
33 kV
Busbar
132 kV
Busbar
132 kV
PCC
0,69/33 kV
WTG Trafo
Converter
0,69/33 kV
WTG Trafo
Converter
33 kV
Busbar
33 kV
Busbar
PPVC
PPFC
OLTC
Example of park pilot and tap change control
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Grid and power quality
Frequency Control
Sensitive Mode
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
13:30:00 13:31:00 13:32:00 13:33:00 13:34:00 13:35:00 13:36:00 13:37:00 13:38:00 13:39:00 13:40:00
time (hh:mm:ss)
M
W
49,4
49,5
49,6
49,7
49,8
49,9
50
50,1
H
z
Pscheduled Act ivePower Frequency
Frequency Control Test
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Beginning
Development
phase
Today's
power plants
Requirements for todays large scale wind power plant operation
Remote analysis capabilities
Preventive monitoring methods
Condition Monitoring (TCM)
Main component lifetime monitoring (TLC)
Non threshold based monitoring
Grid Control
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Thank you!