Disconnecting Circuit Breakers

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 1

Disconnecting Circuit Breaker
Safer and highly reliable substation
solutions
Rasmus Larsson, HVB/M, 2011-03-02

ABB High Voltage Products
ABB in Ludvika
A world center of high voltage
Your one-stop source for high voltage products
Surge
Arresters
Instrument
Transformers
Capacitor
Banks
Live Tank
Circuit Breakers
Disconnecting
Circuit Breakers

ABB Group
Introduction to DCB
Many questions regarding switchgear technologies
To contribute with a change towards a
more reliable grid, we must first
understand the fundamentals of
switchgear configurations.
What is the function of
a disconnector?
How does the
disconnecting circuit
breaker concept work?
Why is the substation
built the way it is?
If the user ask for a highly reliable
solution, what do I answer?
How do I ensure my safety
when working in a substation?

ABB Group
Disconnecting Circuit Breaker DCB
Outline
Network philosophies and history
Switchgear and application evolution
Historic grid development
Increased Safety with Disconnecting Circuit Breaker
DCB fundamentals
Interlocking functions
IEC standard
DCB improving grid performance? Certainly!
Outage reduction
Saving space and money
Highly reliable switching arrangements
Installation and impact examples
Summery
Outline

ABB Group


Introduction of Switchgear solutions

ABB Group
Why Innovative Switchgear
Evolution of single line configuration
Oil Minimum
SF6 Gas
Air Blast
No extra contacts for
disconnecting function
Encapsulation of DS & CT
Why Switchgear Sulotions?
Maintenance and failure rates

ABB Group
F
a
i
l
u
r
e

a
n
d

m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e

r
a
t
e

1960
Today
Bulk oil CB
Air blast CB
~1 yr

Minimum oil CB
~5 yr
SF6 CB
~15 yr
Open air disconnector, ~5 yr
Switchgear solutions reduces the maintenance interval from 5 to >15 years due to
the removal of open air disconnectors
DCB, 15
th
year
PASS, 15
th
year
1960
Why Switchgear Sulotions?
Maintenance and failure rates

ABB Group
Perfection is not when there is nothing left to add, its when theres nothing left to remove
DCB, 15
th
year
PASS, 15
th
year
Today

ABB Group
Double busbar introduced due to
disconnector maintenance
Why Switchgear Solutions?
Availability impact of open air disconnectors
Bypass disconnectors
will increase outage
Yesterdays standard solutions
With DS in SF6 we decrease the interval
for maintenance to 15 years
Why Switchgear Solutions
Availability impact without open air disconnectors
Today's standard solutions
PASS Hybrid Module
Taking away the DS totally, there is no
service and no risk for failure.
DCB

ABB Group
DCB Fundamentals
Increased Safety with DCB

ABB Group
LTB145 DCB
Breaking function
Identical as conventional circuit breaker
The same breaking chamber and
operating mechanism as a conventional
circuit breaker
Same high reliability as for a
standard circuit breaker
DCB Fundamentals
Only one set of moving contacts

ABB Group
DCB Fundamentals
Only one set of moving contacts
LTB145 DCB
Disconnecting function
The disconnection function for a DCB is
obtained between the circuit breaker
contact set.
What we dont have can not fail
nor require maintenance

ABB Group
Safety risk with DCB???

ABB Group
DCB Fundamentals
Maximum security with motor operated earth switch
Motor operated Earth Switch
Remote operated from control room.
A very visible indication for the safety.
Can be padlocked
Maximum safety for
maintenance personnel
Interlocking of disconnecting circuit breaker

ABB Group
New improved design

ABB Group

ABB Group

ABB Group
Locking of circuit breaker function
BLK interlocking operation mechanism Can be
padlocked
Locked Unlocked
Integrated interlocking device in
BLK 222
Locking of circuit breaker function

ABB Group
Padlocking the locking device

ABB Group

ABB Group
The DCB family
For a simplified substation
Type
DCB
LTB 72.5D1/B
DCB
LTB 145D1/B
DCB
HPL 170-245B1
DCB
HPL 362-550B2
Rated voltage 72.5 kV 145 kV 170 - 245 kV 362 -550 kV
Rated current 3150 A 3150 A 4000 A 4000 A
Breaking capacity 40 kA 40 kA 50 kA 63 kA
ABB provides DCB
at all voltage levels
and ratings

ABB Group
IEC Standard for Disconnecting Circuit Breakers
IEC 62271-108
DCB fulfils requirements for a circuit
breaker and a disconnector
The standard describes how to test,
interlock and block a Disconnecting
Circuit Breaker

ABB Group
IEC 62271-102 Disconnector standard

Secured in
DCB

ABB Group
Environmental Trends & Aspects

Global trends
Increased awareness of environment
Tougher environmental regulations (Kyoto protocol )
Integration of renewable energy resources
Electrification of transportation

ABB Group
SF
6
in the evironment
1 KG SF
6
= 23 900 KG CO
2

ABB Group
Low environmental impact switchgear
ABB switchgear always aimed for lowest environmental impact:
Lowest material usage (kg / kV, kA rating)
Lowest power losses in primary & secondary circuits
Lowest operating energy per rating (J / kV, kA rating)
Lowest SF6 usage per rating (kg per kV, kA rating)
Lowest SF6 leakage rate

ABB solution examples:
LTB for low temperature markets (-40C to -60C)
DCB eliminating disconnectors in substation
Integrated switchgear solutions (PASS, DCB)
Most compact switchgear solutions (LTB, DTB, PASS, GIS)

ABB Group

ABB Group
In a substation with Disconnecting
Circuit Breakers, the use of
natural recourses is minimized
SF
6

Metallic and plastic material
Concrete
Electrical energy for service
Land area
This gives a solution with
the lowest possible
environmental effects.
DCB Seminar, Kiruna
Advantages, - Reduced environmental impact

ABB Group
National Grid Environmental Prize
DCB - Reduced environmental impact

ABB Group
Global trends
SF
6
tax
350/kg
680/kg
l
o
w

no
Functional
Integration
Encapsulation
partial full
m
e
d
i
u
m

h
i
g
h

SF
6
Insulated Switchgears
Introduction of Switchgear Solutions
DTB
Circuit Breaker
Current Transformer
Hybrid Modules
Circuit Breaker
Current Transformer
Voltage Transformer
Disconnector
Earthing Switch

GIS
Circuit Breaker
Current Transformer
Voltage Transformer
Disconnector
Earthing Switch
Busbar / Busducts
LTB
Circuit Breaker
DCB
Circuit Breaker
Disconnector
Earthing Switch

ABB Group
l
o
w
e
s
t

Low
SF
6
usage
medium highest
m
e
d
i
u
m

h
i
g
h
e
s
t

SF
6
DTB
Circuit Breaker
Current Transformer
Hybrid Modules
Circuit Breaker
Current Transformer
Voltage Transformer
Disconnector
Earthing Switch

GIS
Circuit Breaker
Current Transformer
Voltage Transformer
Disconnector
Earthing Switch
Busbar / Busducts
LTB
Circuit Breaker
DCB
Circuit Breaker
Disconnector
Earthing Switch

ABB Group
SF6 usage
l
o
w
e
s
t

Low
Cost
SF6 usage
medium highest
m
e
d
i
u
m

h
i
g
h
e
s
t

SF
6
DTB
Circuit Breaker
Current Transformer
Hybrid Modules
Circuit Breaker
Current Transformer
Voltage Transformer
Disconnector
Earthing Switch

GIS
Circuit Breaker
Current Transformer
Voltage Transformer
Disconnector
Earthing Switch
Busbar / Busducts
LTB
Circuit Breaker
DCB
Circuit Breaker
Disconnector
Earthing Switch

ABB Group
8

k
g

=

5
4
4
0

1
0

k
g

=

6
8
0
0

2
9

k
g

=

1
9
7
2
0

3
6

k
g

=

2
4
4
8
0

8
5

k
g

=

5
7
8
0
0

ABB Group

DCB improving grid performance?
Certainly!

ABB Group
Free Space Free Space
Disconnector Circuit Breaker Disconnector
Conventional current
measurement
Removal of disconnectors
DCB
Reduced Space!, Increased Availability!, Lowered Costs!

ABB Group
Disconnecting
Circuit Breaker
Digital Optical
Current Transducer
Conventional current
measurement
Free Space Free Space
Free Space
Removal of conventional CT
DCB

ABB Group
80 m
51.5 m
Advantages - Space requirement
Comparison, 420 kV 1 breaker system

ABB Group
160 m
72 m
160 m
72 m
103 m
60 m
103 m
60 m
= Disconnecting Circuit Breaker
* Disconnecting links for section clearance were used in the calculations
Overview 420 kV 1 breaker solution

ABB Group
160 m
72 m
160 m
72 m
103 m
60 m
103 m
60 m
Area (square meters)
11520
6180
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Conventional DCB
A
r
e
a

(
s
q
u
a
r
e

m
e
t
e
r
s
)
= Disconnecting Circuit Breaker
* Disconnecting links for section clearance were used in the calculations
Overview 420 kV 1 breaker solution
Space
savings
of 46%

ABB Group
* Disconnecting links for section clearance
were used in the calculations
Maintenance outage of line feeder, 400kV 1 1/2 solution
3,20
0,27
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
Conventional DCB
Solution
O
u
t
a
g
e

(
h
o
u
r
s
/
y
e
a
r
)
Failure outage of line feeder, 400kV 1 1/2 solution
0,09
0,04
0
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
0,07
0,08
0,09
0,1
Conventional DCB
Solution
O
u
t
a
g
e

(
h
o
u
r
s
/
y
e
a
r
)
Increased performance 420kV 1 Breaker solution
DCB solution
provides
91%
maintenance
outage
decrease
DCB solution
provides
55% failure
outage
decrease

ABB Group
Lowering LCC
Increased performance 420kV 1 Breaker solution

0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
DCB Conventional
E
U
R

LCC comparison, DCB vs conv solution, one diameter
420 kV
Initial cost
Maint and repair
Electrical losses
Total
Configuration comparison 132 kV
77 m
54 m
77 m
The DCB
solution can
even
accommodate
two more
bays on the
same area
50 m 50 m 50 m
49 m

ABB Group
Double busbar conventional
Sectionalized single busbar DCB

ABB Group
54 m
77 m
54 m
Area (square meters)
4158
2450
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Conventional DCB
A
r
e
a

(
s
q
u
a
r
e

m
e
t
e
r
s
)
Space savings 132 kV
More than
40% space
savings!
50 m 50 m 50 m
49 m
The DCB
solution can
even
accommodate
two more
bays on the
same area

ABB Group
Maintenance outage of line feeder, 132kV
1,20
3,07
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
Conventional DCB
Solution
O
u
t
a
g
e

(
h
o
u
r
s
/
y
e
a
r
)
Failure outage of line feeder, 132kV
0,13
0,24
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
Conventional DCB
Solution
O
u
t
a
g
e

(
h
o
u
r
s
/
y
e
a
r
)
Improved performance 132 kV
DCB solution
provides 46%
failure outage
decrease
DCB solution
provides 60%
maintenance
outage
decrease

ABB Group
Combination of
double and
single breaker
Double
Breaker
Solution
Sectionalized
single busbar

Classic
Double
Busbar
Reduced complexity of switching scheme

ABB Group
H-
connection
Single
busbar
Ring
busbar
Sectionalized
busbar
Transfer
busbar
Double
busbar
Double
breaker
H-
connection
Single
busbar
Ring
busbar
Sectionalized
busbar
1
breaker
1
breaker
Double
breaker
The transfer busbar
does no longer fill
any function and
should be removed.

Better alternatives
are available for the
double busbar.


ABB Group
Combination of
double and
single breaker
Double
Breaker
Solution
Sectionalized
single busbar

Classic
Double
Busbar

ABB Group
Section clearance
Where to apply and why?
Single busbar Double breaker
1 Breaker Disconnecting links are
used to minimize the
outage of busbars and
lines

ABB Group
Primary earthing switches
1 Breaker Primary earth done from
remote
Earthing switch should
ensure no current flow in
permitted work zone

ABB Group
Primary earthing switches
1 Breaker Primary earth done from
remote
Earthing switch should
ensure no current flow in
permitted work zone

ABB Group


References and Examples

ABB Group
Worldwide references
More than 1300 units in 30 countries
Argentina
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
Germany
Hungary
Iceland
Iran
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Mexico
Nigeria
Nicaragua
Norway
Oman
Romania
Sudan
South Africa
Sweden
Uganda
Spain
Russia
China
USA
Poland
New Zeeland
Iraq

ABB Group
Installations in southern Sweden 2005

ABB Group
Sknebrnnerier 72.5 kV
Onsala 145 kV
Grngesberg 145 kV
Lngshyttan 145 kV
Ulricehamn 72.5 kV
Hemsj 400/145 kV
Kolsva 145 kV
Untra 245 kV
Dsjebro 145 kV
Knred 145 kV
Vansbro 72.5 kV
Hallstavik 245 kV
Ekedal 145 kV
Lindome 420 kV
storp 145 kV
Repbcken 420 kV
Odensala 420 kV
Jnkping 72.5 kV
Lisselberga 145 kV
Kville 72.5 kV
Scanraff 145 kV
Ringhals 145 kV
Kvarnsveden 145 kV
If 72.5 kV
Skrplinge 145 kV
Trelleborg 72.5 kV
Tomelilla 72.5 kV
Landskrona 145 kV
Rissne 145 kV
sbro 72.5 kV
Installations in southern Sweden 2005
Voltage levels from 72.5 420 kV represented

ABB Group
Swedish National Grid
Experience

Experience

ABB Group
Experience

ABB Group
Experience

ABB Group

ABB Group
Experience

ABB Group
Experience

Experience

ABB Group

ABB Group
Experience

ABB Group
Double busbar vs. Double breaker
Double busbar

If conventional ~75 meters
Single DCB ~70 meters
50 meters

ABB Group
Double breaker
Easy Overview
Failure resistant
solution
Less Auxiliary
Cabling
Easier control and
protection
Less foundations
Faster installation and
commissioning time
Increased safety
Increased
revenues
Less outage fees
Less expensive
and more reliable
substation

ABB Group
Removal of 14
Disconnectors
Add 3 DCB

ABB Group
420 kV Double busbar, Line bay
Disconnecting link
Impact examples
Double Breaker Superior availability solution

ABB Group
A removable link, with bolted
connection, prepared to be
opened in a quick and simple
manner under de-energized
conditions.
Disconnecting Link reconnection example
In less than one hour the DCB
can be disconnected from the
system.

ABB Group
A cherry picker is used
Conductors/clamp to be
reconnected

ABB Group
Conductor is brought in place
Surfaces are cleaned and greased
Disconnecting Link - reconnection

ABB Group
Fine tuning of position using a
small pulling device
Tighten up the bolts
Disconnecting link
Impact examples
420 kV Maintenance example, Increased safety

ABB Group
Impact examples
Open line and busbar adjacent
breakers

ABB Group
Impact examples
Lock the breakers and close the
motor operate earthing switch

ABB Group
Impact examples
A clear visible earth for
maintenance staff safety

ABB Group
Clear visible earth,
its safe!
Disconnecting link
Impact examples
Apply portable earthing switches

ABB Group
Impact examples
Slack/remove the links
Section
clearance
Section
clearance

ABB Group
Impact examples
Safe island for maintenance,
take the line back in service
Section
clearance
Section
clearance

ABB Group

ABB Group
Example 132 kV

Conventional
Solution
DCB Option
DCB
Improvment 1
DCB
Improvment 2
Maintenance or failure
12 disconnectors
directly take the
mine out of service!

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 100
Savings: 2 Breakers
24 Disconnectors
X lenghts of busbar and foundations
Plenty of space reduction
Outage decrease: (450.88 - 152.42)/450.88 ~ 66%
Conventional
Solution
DCB Option
DCB
Improvment 1
DCB
Improvment 2
A
16000
1
5
0
0
0
C
o
n
t
r
o
l

R
o
o
m
2000
3
0
0
0
6500
7
7
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
7000
2
0
0
0
39000
2
5
7
5
0
7500
2
7
5
0
1500 1500 1500
A
B
B
C
C
Example 132 kV

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 101
Savings: 3 Breakers
24 Disconnectors
Outage decrease: (450.88 - 105.69)/450.88 ~ 77%
Conventional
Solution
DCB Option
DCB
Improvment 1
DCB
Improvment 2
Example 132 kV

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 102
Savings: 4 Breakers
24 Disconnectors
Outage decrease: (450.88 58.96)/450.88 ~ 87%
Conventional
Solution
DCB Option
DCB
Improvment 1
DCB
Improvment 2
Example 132 kV

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 103
Summery
Improved in availability
Lower maintenance need
Saving in numbers of breakers and
busbars
Safety is increased when less time is
spent in the substation
Example 132 kV

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 104
Turnkey delivery of
145/12 kV indoor substation
2 x 145 kV transformers 32.5
MVA (Moved from old site)
2 x 145 kV cable bays
2 x 145 kV transformer bays
31 x 12 kV outgoing bays
2 x aux.transformers 12/0,4 kV
1 x capacitor bank
Relay and protection
Batteries

The footprint is
21.4 x 19.3 m
Bckelund substation 145/12 kV
Borlnge energi

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 105
Turnkey including:
Design
HV and MV
Civil works
Buildings
Erection and Installation

ABB Group
January 18, 2011 | Slide 105
Bckelund substation 145/12 kV
Borlnge energi

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 106
DCB Indoor ring solution
Loussavaara 145/12 kV
Vattenfall

ABB Group
January 18, 2011 | Slide 106
Vattenfall
Designed to fit with the
environment and
surrounding buildings
Vattenfall
Suitable for harsh and
urban environments.
Vattenfall
High Voltage, Transformers and
Medium Voltage under the same roof
Vattenfall
A less costly and highly
reliable alternative to GIS
substations

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 111

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 111
New Zealand
ABB preferred DCB supplier to Transpower
From Transpower Technical
Specification, 145 kV:

Transpowers main reason for putting in DCBs
is to:
(a) maximise circuit availability,
(b) minimising components that need
maintenance and
(c) increase the maintenance intervals
requiring outages from 4 years to 12 years.
ABB fulfills IEEE 693 high (0.5g)

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 112

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 112
Rio Tinto DCB substations
Why did Rio choose DCB as there preferred solution?
Benefits
Maintenance savings
Availability, Outage costs >1 MAUD/day
Reliability: Fewer apparatuses in substation
Safety: used hand operated disconnectors in the
past.

IEC 61850 compliant substation

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 113

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 113
Rio Tinto DCB substations
Preferred Design
Ring Bus
Few DCBs
Each line can be fed from two directions
Good solution for open up a power line

Sectionalized single busbar
Very good solution for parallel lines
DCB solution has a better performance than
a conventional double bus bar.

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 114

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 114
Before renovation:
Double busbar with
transfer bus, traditional CB
After renovation:
Singel busbar with
section breaker, DCB

Sample 1
145 kV Ref S/S,
Norway
Installations and operational experiences
Refurbishment, double busbar transfer bus

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 115

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 115
Before renovation:
Double busbar with
transfer bus, traditional CB

81 units of DS
Sample 1

145 kV Ref S/S,
Norway
Refurbishment, double busbar transfer bus

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 116

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 116
Result
- 30% of existing area
- 15 years maintenance interval
Sample 1
145 kV Ref S/S,
Norway
Refurbishment, Single busbar section breaker

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 117
Summary
Switchgear Solutions

April 26, 2013 | Slide 118
Interrupters
Summary PASS and DCB
Operations and Safety
Minimum need for maintenance will give
fewer hours in the SS hence safer
Easy to understand the S/S layout
Fewer apparatus will make life easier
Less testing at site
Less time needed in the S/S
makes it safer

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 119
Direct Cost Savings
Land Acquisition
Land Preparation
Material savings
Busbar
Fence
Cabling
Support structures
Simplified layout
Less Engineering
Faster Delivery time
Faster Installation and
Commissioning time

Summary PASS and DCB
Direct Cost Savings
Switchgear solutions gives a lower
CAPEX

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 120
Indirect Cost Savings
Reduced Energy Losses in the substation
Increased availability:
Decreased cost for maintenance
Decreased cost and power outage
Increased revenues when the line can be in
service

Summary DCB
Indirect Cost Savings
Switchgear solutions gives
lower OPEX
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
DCB Conventional
E
U
R

LCC comparison, DCB vs conv solution, 420 kV
Initial cost
Maint and repair
Electrical losses
Total

April 26, 2013 | Slide 121
Read more
Buyers and Application Guides
Design application
dcbsubstations.com
Download from
abb.com/highvoltage

ABB Group
April 26, 2013 | Slide 122

Disconnecting Circuit Breakers

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April 26, 2013 | Slide 1

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