502 @ IEC 1994

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Tiu chun
Quc t

IEC
502
xut bn ln th t
1994-08

Cp lc cch in dn
kiu n p in p
nh mc t 1 n 30 kV

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Ni dung
Li ni u
Phn 1 : Tng qut
1. Phm vi p dng..............................................................................................................3
3. Cc nh ngha ...........................................................................................................8
3. Dy dn.......................................................................................................................10
4. Cch in.....................................................................................................................10
5. Mn chn ...................................................................................................................12
6. B rut cp , v bc bn trong v b lc.......................................................................12
7. Lp kim loi ca cp li n v ca cp nhiu rut...................................................14
8. Mn chn kim loi.......................................................................................................15
9. Dy dn ng tm.....................................................................................................15
10. V bc kim loi............................................................................................................15
11. Li tng cng bng kim loi .....................................................................................16
12. V ngoi khng bng kim loi...................................................................................20
13. Cc iu kin th nghim.......................................................................................26
14. Th nghim c th....................................................................................................26
15. Th nghim c bit..............................................................................................29
16. Th nghim hp chun v in............................................................................34
17, Th nghim hp chun khng in.......................................................................41
18 Th nghim in sau khi lp t........................................................................48
Cc ph lc

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Cp lc cch in rn kiu n p
in p t 1 kV n 30 kV
Phn on 1 : Tng qut
1. Phm vi p dng

1.1 Tng qut

Tiu chun ny quy nh v cu trc, kch c v cc th nghim cn thit

cho cp lc vi cch in rn kiu n p nu trong mc 1.2, vi in p U t 1
kV n 30 kV cho trong mc 1.3 dng cho cc thit b in c nh.

Trong tiu chun ny khng c cc cp s dng cho cc thit b c bit v

trong iu kin c bit.

1.1.1 Cc tiu chun tham kho

Cc ti liu tiu chun sau y c cha mt s iu khon m ni dung s l

ni dung iu khon ca bn qui cch ny . Khi bn qui cch c xut bn th
cc bn in ghi trong l ang hin hnh . Tt c mi ta liu tiu chun u
c th b xt li , v cc phn ca hp ng da trn bn qui cch ny u c
khuyn khch nghin cu kh nng p dng cc bn in gn nht ca cc ti liu
tiu chun ghi di y . Cc thnh vin ca IEC v ISO u c quyn ng k
cc tiu chun quc t hin hnh .

IEC 38 : 1983

Cc in p chun ca IEC

IEC 60 : 1989

K thut th nghim cao p -

IEC 183 : 1994

Hng dn la chn cp cao p .

IEC 228 : 1978

Dy dn ca cp cch in .

IEC 230 : 1966

Cc th nghim xung i vi cp v cc ph tng ca n.

IEC 287: 1982

ph ti )

Tnh ton dng in lin tc nh mc cho cp ( 100% h s

IEC 332-1 : 1979 Th nghim cc cp in trong iu kin ho hon - Phn

1 : Th nghim i vi mt si cp n cch in thng ng .
IEC 811 : 1993 Cc phng php th nghim chung i vi cht cch in v
v bc ca cp in .

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IEC 885-2 : 1987 Cc phng php th nghim in i vi cp in : phn 2 :

Cc th nghim phng in cc b.

1.2 Vt liu cch in

Cc loi vt liu tng hp cch in xt trong tiu chun ny c nu di y ,

cng vi cc k hiu vit tt :
Vt liu cch in tng hp

K hiu vit tt

Vt liu tng hp cch in c c s cht polyvinyl clo rit ho co

polyme vilil clo rit v vinil a cetat dng cho cp c in p nh mc
U0/U > 1.8/3 kV

PVC/A

a) Nha chu nhit :

Vt liu tng hp cch in c c s cht polyvinyl clo rit ho co

polyme vilil clo rit v vinil a cetat dng cho cp c in p nh mc
U0/U > 1.8/3 kV
Vt liu tng hp cch in trn c s nha chu nhit poly etylen
b) Hn hp elatome hoc nha li
Vt liu tng hp cch in trn c s etylen propylen hoc tng t
(EPM hay EPDM)

PVC/B
PE
EPR
XLPE

Vt liu tng hp cch in trn c s li polyetylen

1.3 in p nh mc

in p nh mc tiu chun U0/U(Um) ca cc loi cp xt trong tiu chun ny

l nh sau :
U0/U(Um) = 0.6/1-1.8/3(3.6) - 3.6/6 (7.2) - 6/10 (12) - 8.7/15 (17.5) - 12/20 (24)
- 18/30 (36) kV hiu dng.
trong k hiu in p ca cp U0/U(Um) cho trn
U0
l in p nh mc tn s cng nghip gia rut v dt hoc mn
chn
U

l in p nh mc tn s cng nghip gia cc rut cp

Um l gi tr ln nht ca " in p li ln nht " ca thit b s dng ( xem

IEC 38)

in p nh mc ca cp mi khi s dng phi ph hp vi iu kin vn

hnh trong h thng . d dng la chn cp, ng ta phn chia h thng
thnh 3 loi :

Loi A :

Bao gm cc h thng m bt k pha no chm t hoc chm

vo dy t u b ct khi h thng trong 1 pht.

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__________
* Gi tr tiu chun ca U0 cho trong tiu mc ny c ly t IEC 38 : Tiu chun v in p
( Bng IV, dy 1) v IEC 183 : hng dn la chn cp cao p, gi tr tiu chun ca U th bng
in p nh mc ca h thng dng ph bin trong nhiu nc ( xem IEC 38). Um l in p
cao nht ca h thng "
Ti nhng nc ny k hiu 1.7/3 - 3.5/6 - 5.8/10 - 11.5/20 - 17.3/30 thng c s dng thay th
cho cc gi tr cho trong tiu mc ny. Cc k hiu ny l ng nn s dng.

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Loi B : bao gm cc h thng m trong iu kin s c , cho php vn hnh

trong mt thi gian ngn vi mt pha chm t. Khong thi gian ny,
theo IOEC 38 khng c vt qu 1 gi. Vi cc cp ni trong tiu chun
ny , c th cho php vn hnh lu hn, khng qu 8 gi trong bt k
trng hp no. Tng s thi gian s c chm t trong mt nm khng
qu 125 gi.
Loi C : bao gm cc h thng khng nm trong loi A v B.
Ghi ch : C th xy ra l trong mt h thng mt s c chm t khng t ng v
nahnh chng cch ly, cc ng xut gy ra cho cch in trong khi s c s lm gim tui th
ca cp n mt mc no .. Nu h thng c d kin s thng xuyn chu ng cc s c
chm t , th nn la chn xp loi h thng chng loi cao hn.

Gi tr U0 cho cp s dng h thng 3 pha khuyn ngh nh di y :

in p cao nht ca
h thng Um

in p nh mc U0
kV

kV

Loi A v B

Loi C

1.2

0.6

0.6

3.6

1.8

3.6

7.2

3.6

6.0

12.0

6.0

8.7

17.5

8.7

12.3

24.0

12.0

18.3

36.0

18.0

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1.4 Nhit nh mc cao nht i vi cc loi cch in tng hp.

Nhit nh mc cc i ca li cp
Cc hp cht cch in

oC
Vn hnh bnh thng 1)

Ngn mch
( lu nht 5gy)

Polyvinyl clo rit hay copolyme

vinyl clo rit v vinyl a xetat
Nha Polyetylen chu nhit
Polyetylen dt mng li
Cao su etylen propylen

PVC
PE
XLPE
EPR

70

160

702)

1303)

90

250

90

250

1) cn thit phi qun tm n tn tht in mi khi Uo bng hay ln hn gi tr cho trong

IEC287
2) 75oC vi PE c t trng cao hn 0,940 g/cm3 23oC
3) Nhit ny c th tng ln 150 oC nu s dng cu trc mn chn thch hp

Nhit trong bng trn l da trn c s c tnh bn trong cc vt liu cch

in. Vn quan trng l cn xt n cc yu t khc khi s dng cc gi
tr trn trong tnh ton cc dng in nh mc.
Th d , trong vn hnh bnh thng, nu mt cp trc tip chn di t c vn
hnh lin tc vi 100% ph ti nhit dy dn nh cao nht nu trong bng
trn, tr khng nhit ca t chung quang trong thi gian ny c th tng ln
t tr s ban u do qu trnh lm kh t. Kt qu l, nhit dy dn c
th tng ln vt qu gi tr nh mc cao nht. Nu iu kin vn hnh nh
vy c d kin trc, cn phi c cc bin php cn thit.
Khi la chn nhit cho lc ngn mch, cn phi quan tm n cc yu t
sau y :
a) S bin dng ca cch in do cc lc c nhit pht sinh trong iu kin
ngn mch. S bin dng ny c th lm gim hiu qu dy ca cch in.
b) Rut cp v mn chn c th ttc ng lm mt hiu qu ca mn chn,
cng vy tnh cht nhit ca vt liu bo v bn ngoi c th b gim tc
dng.
c) vn quan trng l cc ph tng s dng trong h thng cp ny vi cc mi
ni c hc v hn phi thch hp vi nhit ny ca cp.
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1.5 Nhit dy dn cc i nh mc ca cc cp s dng vi cc loi

v ngoi
Nhit cc i ca li
cp trong vn hnh bnh
thng
oC

Vt liu lm v

ST1

80

ST2

90

ST3

80

ST7

90

SE1

85

Vt liu tng hp lm v ngai ca cp c th c s dng vi nhit v

ngoi cao hn gi tr ghi trong bng l 50C khi in p nh mc bqngf v ln
hn gi tr di y
- vi loi v cp ST3, ST7 v SE1 :
- vi loi v cp ST1 v ST2

6/10 (12) kV

18/30 (36) kV

ST1 v ST2 l loi vt liu v cp bng PVC

ST3 v ST7 l loi vt liu v cp bng nha chu nhit poly etylen.
SE l mt loi v cp elatome vi poly clo ropen, clo ro sul fonat polyetylen hoc
cc cxht polyme tng t.
3. Cc nh ngha
Vi tiu chun ny cn c cc nh ngha sau y :

2.1 Cc nh ngha v cc kch thc ( b dy, tit din, v.v..)

a) Gi tr danh nh
L gi tr c t tn v c s dng trong cc bng biu . Thng thng, trong
tiu chun ny , gi tr danh nh l tng ng vi cc gi tr c kim tra
bng o lng, c k n cc sai s c trng.
b) Gi tr gn ng
L gi tr khng c m bo v cng khng c kim nh; th d, gi tr ny
c s dng tnh ton cc kch thc khc nhau.
c) Gi tr trung bnh
Khi c nhiu kt qu th nghim v c sp xp thnh mt dy theo gi tr
tng dn ( hoc gim dn ) , gi tr trung bnh s l gi tr nm gia dy
nu s lng gi tr l l v s l gi tr trung bnh s hc ca hai gi tr nm gia
nu s lng gi tr l chn.

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d) Gi tr gi nh
L gi tr c tnh ton theo mt "phng php gi nh " m t trong ph lc A

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2.2. Cc nh ngha lin quan n cc th nghim

a) Th nghim c th
Th nghim c th l th nghim do nh ch to thc hin trn ton b cc
on di cp hon chinhr chng minh s ton vn ca cp.
Ghi ch : Theo tho thun gia nh sn xut v ngi s dng , s lng cc di ca cp cn
th nghim c th c gim i .

b) Th nghim c bit
Th nghim c bit l th nghim do nh sn xut thc hin trn cc mu
cp hoc cc phn t hon chnh c ly ra t mt cp hon chnh , theo
mt xc xut quy nh kim tra xem sn phm c p ng oc cc yu
cu thit k khng.
c) Th nghim hp chun
Th nghim hp chun l th nghim phi do nh ch to thc hin trc khi
cung cp ra th trng mt loi cp c trong tiu chun ny, chng minh l
sn phm tho mn cc yu cu v cht lng i vi cc ng dng ra.. Cc
th nghim ny c bn cht l, sau khi c tin hnh ri th khng cn phi th
nghim li na, tr khi c cc thay i v vt liu cp hoc thay i thit k
m c lm nh hng ti cc c tnh cht lng .
d) Th nghim lp t
Th nghim lp t l th nghim chng t tnh ton vn ca cp v ca
cc ph tng km theo.

Phnon 2 : Cu to
3. Dy dn
Dy dn phi l cp 1 hoc cp 2 , bng ng, trn hoc c ph mt lp kim
loi , hoc bng nhm hoc hp kim nhm, trn hoc ph mt lp kim loi theo
tiu chun IEC 228.

4. Cch in

4.1 Vt liu

Cch in phi l loi n p thuc trong cc loi nu mc 1.2 v phi t cc

th nghim nu ra trong phn on 3 ca tiu chun ny.

4.2 dy ca cch in.

a) dy danh nh ca cch in c quy nh trong bng 1 n

bng 4.
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b) dy cch in cho trong bng l da trn c s in p nh mc

v ch p
dng cho cp c v bo v bc ngoi.

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c) dy trung bnh ca cch in phi khng c nh hn gi tr quy

nh nh mc.
d) bt k ch no dy khng c nh hn gi tr quy nh nh
mc cho qu tr s 0,1 mm+10% ca gi tr nh mc.
e) dy ca b phn cch ly hoc ca mn chn bn dn trn dy
dn hoc trn v cch in s khng c k vo dy ca cch
in.

5. Mn chn

5.1 Mn chn

Mn chn ca cp n hoc cp nhiu rut ( xem 5.4 ) l mn chn ca dy

dn v mn chn ca cch in.

5.2 mn chn dy dn

Mn chn dy dn khng c lm bng kim loi v phi hoc l mt lp bn

dn hoc l mt lp nha tng hp bn dn n p, hoc l kt hp c hai loi.
5.3 Mn chn cch in
a) mn chn cch in phi l kt hp ca mt phn khng kim loi
bn dn v mt phn kim loi.
b) Phn khng kim loi phi p st ngay trn cch in ca mi dy dn
v phi gm hoc mt gii bng bng cht bn dn hoc bng mt
lp nha tng hp bn dn, hoc l phi hp c cc vt liu ny, hoc
bng vt liu ny c ph mt lp bnn dn.
c) Phn kim loi s p st ngay trn tng dy dn hoc trn tp hp cc
dy dn v tun theo mc 8.

5.4 Gi hn ca mn chn vi dy dn.

a) mn chn dy dn c s dng in p nh mc trn 1.8/3.0

( 3.6) kV vi cp cch in bng PE v XLPE, v in p trn 3.6/6.0 (7.2) kV
vi cp cch in bng PVC v EPR.
b) mn chn cch in c s dng in p nh mc trn
1.8/3.0(3.6) kV vi cp cch in bng PE v XLPE v trn 3.6/6.0 (7.2) kV cp
cch in bng PVC v EPR , tr khi c cc quy nh khc.
6. B rut cp , v bc bn trong v b lc.

6.1 Cc loi cp nhiu rut khc nhau.

B cp nhiu rut ph thuc vo in p nh mc v ph thuc vo mn

chn kim loa hoc bn dn trn mi rut cp.

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Cc tiu mc di y 6.2 n 6.6 khng p dng cho cc b cp vi tng rut cp

n c v bc.

6.2 Cp vi in p nh mc 0.6/1 kV
a) Cp nhiu rut c li thp, cc dy dn ng tm hoc lp kim loi
khc ( xem hnh 7.1 ) phi c v bc trong trn b dy cp. V bc
trong ny v b lc tun th theo 6.6
b) Gii bng kim loi c th p trc tip trn b cp , khng c v bc
trong , vi dy ca mi gii bng khng qu 0,3 mm v cp ton vn
phi tho mn th nghim trong 17.18
c) Vi cp khng c li thp hoc khng c dy dn ng tm, lm
khng c c lp kim loa ng tm ( xem 7.1 ) , c th khng c v
bc trong , nhng hnh dng bn ngoi ca cp vn gi thc t l hnh
trn v khng c c s kt dnh gia dy dn v lp v bc.

Lp v bc c th len vo gia cc dy dn , tr trng hp v bc bng nha

chu nhit bao b dy dn trn c thit din ln hn 10 mm2.
Tuy nhin, nu c lp v bc trong, th dy ca n khng cn tun th theo
mc e v f ca 6.6

6.3 Cp vi trng khng xuyn tm vi in p nh mc trn 0.6/1 kV

Loi cp ny tun th theo mc a) ca 6.2 . Lp v bc trong v b lc l loi

khng thm nc.

6.4 Cp vi trng xuyn tm vi in p nh mc trn 0.6/1 kV c mn

chn kim loi trn tng rut cp ring l.

Cp ny tun th theo mc a) v c) ca 6.2 v 11.10

mn chn kim loi ca rut cp phi tip xc trc tip vi nhau.

6.5 Cp vi trng xuyn tm in p nh mc trn 0.6/1 kV ch c mt

mn chn kim loi trn ton b b cp.

lai cp ny tun th theo mc a) ca 6.2

V bc trong c th l cht bn dn, b lc c th l cht bn dn.

6.6 V bc trong v b lc
a) V bc trong c th l loi n p hoc loi cun bng.
b) Vi cp c rut trn, tr loi cp c nhiu hn 5 rut, ch cho php
dng lp v bc trong loi cun bng nu khe gia cc rut cp c lp
y bng vt liu ring r.
c) V bc trong v b lc c th l nhng vt liu thch hp. Cho
php s dng mt gii thch hp lin kt, th theo hnh mt cnh
qut m trc khi t lp v bc trong dng n.

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d) Vt liu dng lm v bc trong v b lc phi ph hp vi nhit

lm vic ca cp v ph hpj vi vt liu cch in.
e) dy ca v bc trong phi theo nh bng di y :
ng knh gi nh ca b rut cp

dy ca lp v trong diu
n p(gi tr gn ng )

Ln hn

Nh hn v bng

mm

mm

mm

25

1.0

25

35

1.2

35

45

1.4

45

60

1.6

60

80

1.8

80

2.0

f) dy gn ng ca lp bng cun phi l 0,4 mm vi ng knh

gi tng ca b cp c ng knh nh hn v bng 40 mm v l 0,6
mm vi ng knh ln hn.
7. Lp kim loi ca cp li n v ca cp nhiu rut.

7.1 Cc loi lp kim loi

Cc loi lp kim loi sau y l nm trong tiu chun ny :

a) mn chn kim loi ( xem mc 8)
b) dy dn ng tm ( xem mc 9);
c) v bc kim loi ( xem mc 10);
d) li kim loi ( xem mc 11 )

7.2 S dng lp kim loi

a) Cp vi in p gi cc dy dn v t U0 bng 0.6 kV c th c
mopt lp kim loi hon ton bc xung quanh rut cp.
Ghi ch : Vic la chn cp c v khng c lp kim loi ph thuc vo quy nh ca tng n c v
yu cu v lp t phng kh nng c h hng v c v tip xc v in.

Khi dng cp c lp kim loi, cn phi tun theo mc b) ca 7.2

b) Cp c in p nh mc gia dy dn v t U0 ln hn 0.6 kV phi
c lp kim loi bao quanh tng si rut hoc bao quanh ton b b cp. Lp kim
loi phi l mt hoc nhiu loi nu trong 7.1 v phi l loi khng t tnh khi
bc cc si rut ring l ca loi cp n hoc cp nhiu rut.
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8. Mn chn kim loi

8.1 Cu to

mn chn kim loi phi bao gm mt hay nhiu gii bng hoc c tt li,
hoc l cc lp ng tm gm cc si hay mt tp hp cc si v gii bng.
Cng c th l mt v bc , hoc trong trng hp l mn chn chung, l mt
li thp hon thin theo 8.2. v 8.3

8.2 Khong trng trong mn chn s phi ph hp vi cc quy nh

v/hoc cc tiu chun quc gia.

8.3 Cc yu cu.

cc yu cu v kch thc, v vt l v v in ca mn chn kim loi phi c

xc nh theo cc quy nh v/hoc cc tiu chun quc gia

8.4 Mn chn kim loi khng kt hp vi lp bn dn

Khi s dng cc mn chn kim loi vi in p nh mc nh hn v bng

1.8/3.0 ( 3.6) kV vi cch in PE v XLPE v vi in p nh hn v bng
3.6/6.0(7.2) kV vi cch in PVC v EPR, cc mn chn ny khng cn kt
hp vi lp bn dn.

9. Dy dn ng tm.

9.1 Cu to

Khong trng trong cc dy dn ng tm phi

v/hoc cc tiu chun quc gia .

tun theo cc quy nh

9.2 Cc yu cu

in tr v vt liu ca cc dy dn ng tm phi c quy nh theo cc quy

nh v/hoc cc tiu chun quc gia.

9.3 Ap dng

Khi s dng dy dn ng tm, cn phi t v bc trong ln trn trong trng hp cp nhiu rut, v trong trng hp cp mt rut th phi t trc tip ln
lp cch in hoc ln lp mn chn cch in bn dn, hoc trn mt v bc
trong ph hp.
10. V bc kim loi

10.1 V bc bng ch

dy nh mc ca lp ch hac lp hp kim ch phi c tnh ton theo cng

thc sau y :
a) Vi cp rut n v b cp :
t pb = 0.03 D1 + 0.8 mm

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b) Vi tt c cc cp c tit din dy dn rut cp hnh qut vi in p nh hn

v bng 8.7/15 kV ;
tpb = 0.03 x D1 + 0.6 mm
c) vi cc loi cp khc
tpb = 0.03 x D1 + 0.7 mm
trong :
tpb

l dy nh mc ca lp ch

D1
l ng knh gi nh ca cp di lp ch ( lm trn ti v tr thp
phn th nht theo nh ph lc B)
Trong tt c cc trng hp dy nh nht phi l 1.2 mm. Gi tr tnh ton c
lm trn vi mt s l ( xem ph lc B )

10.2 V kim loi khc

ang nghin cu

11. Li tng cng bng kim loi

11.1 Cc loi li tng cng bng kim loi

Cc loi lii kim loi trong tiu chun ny l :
a) li phng
b) li trn;
c) li gm hai gii

11.2 Vt liu

Li phng v trn u l thp m, thp ph ch, nhm v hp kim nhm.

Li gm bng gii bng bng thp, thp m, nhm v hp kim nhm. Gii thp
c dt nng hay lnh vi cht lng thng mi.
11.3 Khi la chn vt liu lm li tng cng , cn c bit xt n kh nng
r mn, khng ch v an ton c hc, m cn v an ton v in ,
c bit nu s dng li thp tng cng lm mn chn.( xem 8.1)
11.4 Li thp tng cng ca cp si n dng in mt chiu phi bao gm cc
vt liu khng b t ho, tr phi c cc cu to c bit.

11.5 S dng li thp tng cng

a) Khi s dng li thp tng cng trong trng hp cp nhiu rut, cn phi dng
v bc trong ph hp vi 6.6 ( tr khi s dng c bit, xem mc b) ca 6.2 )
b) trong trng hp cp rut n, c th t di li thp mt lp v bc loi n,
loi bng c dy quy nh trong e) v f) ca 6.6 nu khng c mn
chn.
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c)

- 17 -

nu c mt lp ghen cch ly nh quy nh trong 11.10, lp ny phi t di

li thp thay th hco hoc thm vo lp v bc trong.
11.6 Kch thc dy lm li tng cng v bng lm li tng cng .

Kch thc dy lm li v bng li nn la chn nh sau :

Dy trn :
0.8 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2.0 - 2/5 - 3.15 - 4.0 - 5.0 mm kch thc
Dy thp dt m
0.8 - 1.2 - 1.4 mm b dy
Gii bng thp
0.2 - 0.5 - 0.8 mm b dy
Gii bng nhm v hp kim nhm
0.5 - 0.8 mm b dy
Kch thc ca dy li v bng li khng c thp hn gi tr nh mc di y:
5% vi dy li trn,
8% vi dy li dt
10% vi gii bng

11.7 Hiu chnh gia ng knh cp v kch thc li

ng knh nh mc ca dy li tng cng trn v dy nh mc ca gii

bng v dy li dt khng c nh hn cc gi tr cho trong bng di y :
a) Dy tng cng trn

ng knh gi nh di lp tng cng

ng knh dy tng cng

ln hn

nh hn v bng

mm

mm

mm

15

0.8

15

25

1.6

25

35

2.0

35

60

2.5

60

3.15

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b) Gii bng tng cng

ng knh gi nh di li
thp
Ln hn

Nh
bng

hn

dy ca bng tng cng

Thp hoc thp
m

Nhm v hp kim nhm

mm

mm

mm

mm

30

0.2

0.5

30

70

0.5

0.5

70

0.8

0.8

Ghi ch : Bng ny khng p dng cho cp trong mc b) ca 6.2 c bng kim

loi cun trc tip trn b si cp

c) Dy tng cng dt
Vi cngf knh gi nh bn di li khong 15 mm, dy ca dy thp dt
thng l 0.8 mm

11.8 Dy li tng cng trn v dt.

a) Cc dy li phi khp kn, ngha l c mt on nhau ti thiu gia cc

dy k nhau. Mt bng thp m vi b y nh mc l 0.3 mm c th c
t vi dng mt cnh qut m trn li thp trn hoc dt nu l cn thit. Sai
s trn bng thp ny tun th theo 11.6
b) Cp c ng knh bn di li nh hn 15 mm khng c tng cng bng dy
dt.

11.9 Bng tng cng

a) Khi dng bng tng cng, b dy ca v bc trong c quy nh trong 6.6 ,

s c tng cng bng mt gii m , vi b dy nh mc l 0,5 mm nu li
bng dy 0,2 mm v bng 0,8 mm nu li bng dy hn 0,2 mm. Nu c lp
ngn cch, hoc nu c v bc trong l loi p v tho mn cc yu cu ca
11.10, th lp m b sung ny l khng cn thit. B dy tng ca v bc
trong v lp m b sung - c o bng hiu s ng knh - khng c nh
hn gi tr nh mc mt gi tr ln hn 0,2 mm+20% . Gi tr nh mc c
tnh bng cch cng thm 0.5 mm hay 0.8 mm vo gi tr cho trong 6.6
b) Gii bng thp c t theo hnh cnh qut thnh hai lp sao cho lp ngoi
th hu nh ph gia hai mp ca lp trong. Phn nhau ca hai vng cnh
nhau ca gii bng khng c qu 50% bg rng ca bng.

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11.10 V phn cch.

a) Khi mn chn kim loi v li l cc kim loi khc nhau, chng phi c cch ly
bng mt lp v p khng cha mt trong nhng vt liu nu trong 12.2

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Mt lp v tho mn cc yu cu v cch ly phi c t di li cp nu mn

chn khng phi l loi kim loi khc. Ci ny c th thay th hoc b
sung thm vo v bc trong.
b) dy nh mc ca lp phn cch ny , c lm trn vi 0.1 mm, c th c tnh ton theo cng thc di y :
Ts = 0.02 Du + 0.6 mm
trong Du l ng knh gi nh di lp phn cch, c tnh nh m t
trong phlc A. dy nh mc nh nht phi l 1,2 mm . dy ti
thiu mi im khng c nh hn 80 % gi tr nh mc mt i lng ln
hn 0.2 mm .
c) Cht lng ca vt liu dng lm lp phn cch phi ph hp vi nhit vn
hnh ca cap.
12. V ngoi khng bng kim loi.

12.1 Tng qut.

Tt c cc cp phi c v ngai khng bng kim loi,tr trong vi tr ng hp cc

lopi cp i y khng bt buc :
a) cp c dy dn trung tnh bng ng ph kim loi nm gia
b) cp oc tng cng bng dy thp m
c) cp c v bc bng kim loi

12.2 Vt liu
a) V ngoi phi l nha tng hp chu nhit ( PVC, polyetylen hay tng
t ) hoc cht tng hp elatome ( poly clo ropen, clo ro sul fonat poly
etylen hay tng t )
b) Cc yu cu th nghim vi cc loi cht tng hp thng dng c quy
nh trong bng 8 n 12.
c) Vt liu lm v phi ph hp vi nhit vn hnh theo nh 1.5

12.3 dy ca v bc.

a) dy nh mc ca v bc khng kim loi phi c tnh ton theo cng

thc sau y :
ts = 0.035 D + 1,0 mm
trong D l ng knh gi nh ngay di lp v bc ( xem ph lc A )
Gi tr tnh ton theo cng thc trn c lm trn n 0,1 mm ( xem ph lc B)
b) Vi cp khng c tng cng v cp khng nm trong mc c) ca 12.3 , dy
nh mc ca v bc khng c nh hn 1,4 mm vi cp n rut v 1,8 mm vi
cp nhiu rut.
c) Vi cp c tng cng vi v bc t trc tip trn li tng cng, mn chn kim
loi hoc dy dn ng tm, dy nh mc ca lp v bc khng c nh
hn 1,8 mm

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d) Vi lp v bc t trn mt b mt hnh tr mm, nh v bc trong, lp v

bovj bng kim loi hay cch in ca rut n :
dy trung bnh, c o
trong trng hp th nghim c bit, theo 15.5
trong trng hp th nghim hp chun, theo 17.2
khng c nh hn gi tr nh mc
dy o c nh nht bt k im no khng c thp hn 85% gi tr
nh mc mt i lng ln hn 0,1 mm
e) Vi lp v bc t trn mt b mt hnh tr khng u, nh l lp v bc len
vo gia cc cp khng tng cng khng c v bc trong hay lp v bc tj trc
tip trn li tng cng, mn chn kim loi hay dy dn trung tm. dy nh
nht bt k ffim no , c o
trong trng hp th nghim c bit, theo 15.5
trong trng hp th nghim hp chun, theo 17.2
khng c thp hn 80% gi tr nh mc mt i lng ln hn 0,2 mm.

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Bng 1 : dy cch in PVC

Tit din
nh mc
ca rut cp

dy ca cch in vi in p nh mc Uo/U (Um) kV

0,6/1

1.8/3 (3.6)

3.6/6(7.2)

6/10(12)

8.7/15(17.5)

kV

kV

kV

kV

kV

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

1.5 v 2.5

0.8

4 v 6

1.0

**

**

10

1.0

2.2

3.4

**

16

1.0

2.2

3.4

4.0

**

25

1.2

2.2

3.4

4.0

5.2

35

1.2

2.2

3.4

4.0

5.2

50 v 70

1.4

2.2

3.4

4.0

5.2

95 v 120

1.6

2.2

3.4

4.0

5.2

150

1.8

2.2

3.4

4.0

5.2

185

2.0

2.2

3.4

4.0

5.2

240

2.2

2.2

3.4

4.0

5.2

300

2.4

2.4

3.4

4.0

5.2

400

2.6

2.6

3.4

4.0

5.2

500 n 800

2.8

2.8

3.4

4.0

5.2

1000

3.0

3.0

3.4

4.0

5.2

* Cch in PVC c th dng cho cp 8.7/15(17.5) kV v l mt thc t hin nay nhiu nc., nhng v tn tht in mi ca PVC tng i cao nn vi in p ny thng a dng mt trong
cc loi cch in trong tiu chun ny
** Khng khuyn ngh s dng rut cp c kch thc tit din nh hn s liu cho trong bng
ny. Tuy nhin , nu cn mt tit din nh, th hoc phi tng ng knh ca rut cp bng
mt mn chn dy dn ( xem 5.2) hoc tng dy ca cch in hn ch gra din
in cc i gi tr tnh ton vi tit din nh nht nu trong bng ny.

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Bng 2 dy cch in PE
Tit din
nh mc
ca rut cp

dy ca cch in vi in p nh mc Uo/U (Um) kV

3.6/6(7.2)

6/10(12)

8.7/15(17.5)

12/20(24)

18/30(36)

kV

kV

kV

kV

kV

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

1.5 v 2.5

4 v 6

10

2.5

16

2.5

3.4

25

2.5

3.4

4.5

35

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

50 v 70

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

95 v 120

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

150

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

185

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

240

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

300

2.8

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

400

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

500 n 800

3.2

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

1000

3.2

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

* Khng khuyn ngh s dng rut cp c kch thc tit din nh hn s liu cho trong bng
ny. Tuy nhin , nu cn mt tit din nh, th hoc phi tng ng knh ca rut cp bng
mt mn chn dy dn ( xem 5.2) hoc tng dy ca cch in hn ch gra din
in cc i gi tr tnh ton vi tit din nh nht nu trong bng ny.

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Bng 3 dy cch in XLPE

Tit din
nh mc
ca rut cp

dy ca cch in vi in p nh mc Uo/U (Um) kV

0.6/1
kV

1,8/3(3,6
)

3.6/6(7.2
)

6/10(12
)

8.7/15(17.
5)

kV

kV

kV

kV

12/20(24)

18/30(36)

kV

kV

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

1.5 v 2.5

0.7

4 v 6

0.7

10

0.7

2.0

2.5

16

0.7

2.0

2.5

3.4

25

0.9

2.0

2.5

3.4

4.5

35

0.9

2.0

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

50

1.0

2.0

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

70 v 95

1.1

2.0

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

120

1.2

2.0

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

150

1.4

2.0

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

185

1.6

2.0

2.5

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

240

1.7

2.0

2.6

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

300

1.8

2.0

2.8

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

400

2.0

2.0

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

500

2.2

2.2

3.2

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

630

2.4

2.4

3.2

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

800

2.6

2.6

3.2

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

1000

2.8

2.8

3.2

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

* Khng khuyn ngh s dng rut cp c kch thc tit din nh hn s liu cho trong bng
ny. Tuy nhin , nu cn mt tit din nh, th hoc phi tng ng knh ca rut cp bng
mt mn chn dy dn ( xem 5.2) hoc tng dy ca cch in hn ch gra din
in cc i gi tr tnh ton vi tit din nh nht nu trong bng ny.

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Bng 4 - dy cch in EPR

Tit din
nh mc
ca rut cp

dy ca cch in vi in p nh mc Uo/U (Um) kV

0.6/1
kV

1,8/3(3,6
)

3.6/6(7.2
)

6/10(12
)

8.7/15(17.
5)

kV

kV

kV

kV

12/20(24)

18/30(36)

kV

kV

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

1.5 v 2.5

1.0

4 v 6

1.0

10

1.0

2.2

3.0

16

1.0

2.2

3.0

3.4

25

1.2

2.2

3.0

3.4

4.5

35

1.2

2.2

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

50 v 70

1.4

2.2

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

95

1.6

2.4

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

120

1.6

2.4

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

150

1.8

2.4

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

185

2.0

2.4

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

240

2.2

2.4

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

300

2.4

2.4

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

400

2.6

2.6

3.0

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

500

2.8

2.8

3.2

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

630

2.8

2.8

3.2

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

800

2.8

2.8

3.2

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

1000

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.4

4.5

5.5

8.0

* Khng khuyn ngh s dng rut cp c kch thc tit din nh hn s liu cho trong bng
ny. Tuy nhin , nu cn mt tit din nh, th hoc phi tng ng knh ca rut cp bng
mt mn chn dy dn ( xem 5.2) hoc tng dy ca cch in hn ch gra din
in cc i gi tr tnh ton vi tit din nh nht nu trong bng ny.

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Phn on 3 : Cc yu cu th nghim
13. Cc iu kin th nghim

13.1 Nhit chung quanh

Tr khi c cc quy nh chi tit khc trong th nghim c bit, th nghim

in p khng c tin hnh nhit chung quanh l (20 15)oC v cc th
nghim khc khng lm nhit chung quanh l (20 5 )oC.

13.2 Tn s v dng sng ca in p th nghim tn s cng nghip

Tn s ca in p th nghim xoay chiu phi nm trong gii 49 Hz n 61

Hz. Dng sng phi thc t l hnh sin > Gi tr l gi tr hiu dng.

13.3 Dng sng ca in p the nghim xung

Theo IEC 230 sng xung phi c thi gian u sng o nm gia 1s v 5 s
v thi gian nh mc ca na gi tr nh l gia 40 s v 60s , cn nhng
yu cu khc l theo IEC 60.

14. Th nghim c th

14.1 Tng qut

Tiu chun ny i hi cc h nghim c th sau :

a) o in tr ca dy dn ( xem 14.2)
b) th nghim phng in cc b ( xem 14.3) cp vi cch in PE hay
XLPE vi in p 1,8/3 (3.6)kV v cp vi cch in PVC hay EPR vi in p
trn 3.6/6 ( 7.2) kV;
c) th nghim cao p ( xem 14.4)
Th nghim c th thng thng phi tin hnh tt c cc chiu di ca cp ,
nhng s chiu di ny c th c gim theo tho thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng .

14.2 in tr ca dy dn

a) Vi cp nhiu rut, vic o in tr oc tin hnh vi tt c cc rut cp bao

gm c dy dn trung tm nu c.
b) Ton b chiu di cp hay mt mu cp, phi t trong phng th, c duy
tr nhit c nh hp l, trong t nht 12 gi trc khi th . Nu nghi ng
nhit dy dn khng ging nh nhit trong phng th c th o in tr
sau khi t cp trong phng 24 gi. Cng c th o in tr trn mt mu dy
duy tr nhit t nht 1 gio trong mt b du c ddiu khin nhit .
Gi tr o c phi c hiu chnh v nhit 20oC v 1 km chiu di theo
vq cng thc v he s hiu chnh cho trong iu 5 ca IEC 228.
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c) in tr mt chiu ca mi dy dn 20oC khng c vt qu gi tr cc i

gn ng quy inhj trong IEC 228. Vi fdy dn trung tm in tr phi tun
theo cc quy nh v/hay tiu chun quc gia.

14.3 Th nghim phng in cc b

a) Th nghim phng in cc b phi c thc hin vi cp cch in

PE hay XLPE in p nh mc lns hn 1.8/3.0(3.6) kV v cp cch in EPR
hay PVC in p nh mc 3.6/6.0(7.2) kV.
Vi cp nhiu rut , th nghim phi c thc hin vi mi si rut bc, in p
c t vo gia tng rut cp v mn chn. kim loi.
b) Th nghim phng in cc b phi oc tin hnh tun theo IEC 885-2,
xung phng in nh nht l 20pC hay nh hn vi EPR,PE v XLPE v 40pc
hay nh hn vi PVC.
c) Bin phng in 1,5 Uo khng c vt qu 20 pC vi EPR, PE v XLPE
v 40 pC vi PVC.

14.4 Th nghim in p.
a) Tng qut

Th nghim in p oc tin hnh nhit mi trng, s dng hoc in

p xoay chiu tn s cng nghip, hoc in p mt chiu, tu theo nh ch
to la chn.
b) Th tc th nghim cp mt rut.
Vi cp mt rut c mn chn, phi t in p th nghim trong 5 phut gia
rut v mn chn kim loi.
Vi cp mt rut khng c mn chn, cp phi c ngm trong nc 1 gi nhit
trong phng, sau t in p th nghim vo gia rut v n c trong 5
pht .
Ghi ch : ang nghin cu th nghim bng b pht hin s c vi cp mt rut khng c mn
chn hoc v bc kim loi.

c) Th tc th nghim vi cp nhiu rut.

vi cp nhiu rut c mn chn cho tng rut, in p th nghim phi t
gia rut v mn chn kim loi hay v bc kim loi trong 5 pht.
Vi cp nhiu rut khng c mn chn ring l, in p th nghim phi t ln
lt gia tng rut cp c bc cch in vi tt c cc rut khc v v kim loi ,
nu c , trong 5 pht.
Cc rut cp c th c u ni mt cch hp l cho cc p dng in p th
nghim gim thi gian th nghim, min l th t u ni phi sao cho
in p t vo t nht trong 5 pht lin tc gia tng rut cp v cc rut cn
li , v gia rut cp v v bc kim loi, nu c.

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d) in p th nghim
in p th nghim tn s cng nghip phi l 2,5 Uo + 2 kV vi cp in p
nh mc nh hn hay bng 3,6/6,0 (7,2) kv , v bng 2,5 Uo vi cp c in
p nh mc cao hn.

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Gi tr in p th nghim n pha vi in p nh mc tiu chun c cho

bng di y :
in p nh mc Uo, kV

0.6

1.8

3.6

8.7

12

16

in p th nghim hiu dng

kV

3.5

6.5

11

15

22

30

45

Nu, vi cp 3 rut, th nghim in p c thc hin vi my bin p 3 pha,

in p th nghim gia cc pha phi l 1.73 ln in p cho trong bng trn.
Khi dng in p mt chiu , in p s phi l 2,4 ln in p th nghim tn
s cng nghip.
Trong mi trng hp ny, in p th nghim phi oc tng ln dn dn theo
cc gi tr quy nh.
e) Yu cu.
Khng c xut hin cc hin tng b chc thng ca cch in.

15. Th nghim c bit

15.1 Tng qut.

Tiu chun ny i hi cc th nghim c bit sau y ;

a) quan st dy dn ( xem 15.4)
b) kim tra kch thc ( xem 15.5 n 15.8)
c) th nghim in vi cp in p nh mc trn 3,6/6,0 kV( xem 15.9)
d) th nghim nng i vi cch in EPR v XLPE

15.2 Tn s th nghim c bit.

a) Quan st dy dn v kim tra kch thc

Quan st dy dn , o b dy cch in v v bc v o ng knh, nu ngi

mua yu cu, phi c thc hin trn mt on di ca tng se ri sn xut ca
tng loi v tng c cp, nhng c gioi hn khng qu 10% s lng di trong
hp ng
b) Th nghim in v c.
Theo tho thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng, th nghim quy nh phi
oc tin hnh trn cc mu ly ra t cc cp sn xut theo hp ng, vi iu
kin l tng chiu di phi ln hn tr s trong hp ng l 2 km i vi cp
niu rut v 4 km i vi cp mt rut

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Chiu di cp
Cp nhiu rut
Ln hn

nh hn v bng

Ln hn

nh hn v bng

km

km

km

km

10

20

10

20

20

40

20

30

40

60

v.v...

S lng mu

Cp mt rut

v.v..

v.v..

15.3 Cc th nghim lp li.

Nu c mt mu no khng t yu cu th nghim trong mc 15, cn phi

ly tip hai mu na trn cng l sn xut v thc hin li cc th nghim m
mu trc b hng. Nu c hai mu b sung ny t yu cu , th tt c cc
cp trong l sn xut y c coi nh t yu cu tir nghim . Nu mt trong hai
mu b sung khng t yu cu, th l sn xut y c coi nh hon ton loi
b, khng t yu cu. Vic ly li mu v th nghim li lc ny l do tho
thun .

15.4 Quan st dy dn

Tin hnh kim tra hoc o lng dy dn cp theo nh cc yu cu v cu to

dy dn trong IEC 228

15.5 o b dy cch in c v khng c v bc khng kim loi ( bao gm

cc lp v cch ly, nhng loi tr v bc trong )

15.5.1 Tng qut.

Phng php th nghim tun th theo IEC 811-1-2
Mi chiu di cp la chn th nghim phi c ct ra mt on u
cp sau khi loi b cc chc h hng.
Vi cp c nhiu rut v c tit din nh mc bng nhau, s lng rut cp
o phi c gi hn hoc 3 rut hoc 10% s rut .
Nu b dy trung bnh o c hoc gi tr thp nht o c khng tho mn
yu cu i hi theo 15.5.2 , cn phi kim tra hai mu khc. Nu c hai mu
ny t yu cu th ton b cp coi nh t yu cu , nu mt trong hai mu
khng t, coi nh tn b cp khng t yu cu.

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15.5.2 Cc yu cu
a) cch in
Vi mi on mu, gi tr trung bnh cc i lng o, c lm trn 0,1 mm theo
ph lc B, khng c nh hn b dy quy nh , v gi tr nh nht khng c
thp hn gi tr nh mc mt gi tr ln hn 0,1 mm + 10 % gi tr nh mc
quy inh, ngha l :
tm tn - (0,1 + 0,1 tn ) , tnh ra milimet
trong
tm

l b dy ti thiu

tn

l b dy nh mc
b) V khng bng kim loi.

Mu v phi tho mn cc yu cu sau :

-

Vi v bc p trn mt b mt tr mm ( th d v bc trong, v kim

loi hay lp cch in ca dy n ), gi tr trung bnh cc i lng o
c, lm trn n 0,1mm thoe ph lc B, khng c nh hn b dy
nh mc quy nh v gi tr nh nht o c khng c thp di
b dy nh mc quy nh hn 0,1 mm + 15 % gi tr nh mc
quy nh, ngha l :
tm tn - (0,1 + 0,15 tn ) , tnh ra milimet

Vi v bc p trn mt b mt hnh tr khng u ( th d lp bc lt

vo cc khe gia cc rut cp khng c v bc trong hay lp bc p trn
cc dy li tng cng, mn chn kim loi hay dn dn trung tm ) v
vi lp v cch ly, gi tr o vcj nh nht khng c thp di b dy
nh mc quy nh hn 0,2 mm + 20 % b dy nh mc quy
nh, ngha l :
tm tn - (0,2 + 0,2 tn ) , tnh ra milimet

15.6 o b dy ca lp v bc bng ch.

B dy ca lp v bc chphi c xc nh theo mt trong cc cch di y,

tu theo la chn ca nh ch to v khng oc thp hn 95 % gi tr quy
nh mt i lng ln hn 0,1 mm. Gi tr o c nh nht khng c nh hn
b dy ti thiu quy nh.
Ghi ch : Cc phng php o b dy cc loi v bc ch ang c nghin cu.

15.6.1 Phng php "di bng "

Tin hnh o trn mt mu v di khong 50 mm ly ra t cp hon chnh

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Mu th c di di ra v lm phng cn thn.Sau khi lm sch mu th, tin

hnh mt lot o trn mu nhiu im vi khong cch mp khng nh hn
10 mm bo m o c b dy ti thiu. o bng thc kp ( mi cromet )
vi din tch phng 4mm n 8 mm cngf knh v vi chnh xc 0,01
mm.

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15.6.2 Phng php o theo vng.

Tin hnh o trn mt vng mu ct ra t cp. xc nh o b dy trn mt
s im chung quanh vnh mu bo m o c b dy ti thiu. Phi
o bng mi cromet v c u o phng vi u trn hpoc u phng ch
nht c kch thc rng 0,8 mm v di 2,4 mm. u o trn hoc phng phi
t vo bn trong vnh. Mi cromet c cp chnh xc 0,01 mm.

15.7 o li v di tng cng

15.7.1 o dy li tng cng

ng knh ca li trn v b dy ca li dt c o bng mt mi cromet vc
hai u phng v chnh xc 0,01 mm.. Vi li trn o hai ln vi hai hng
thng gc nhau cng mt ng knh v ng knh l gi tr trung bnh ca
hai tr s o.
15.7.2 o dy li dt.
Vi di dt rng 40 mm , phi o b dy gia b rng . Vi di dt rng hn,
tin hnh o cch mp 20 mm v ly gi tr trung bnh lm b dy ca di
dt. Phi o bng mi cromet c u o phng v chnh xc 0,01 mm..
15.7.3 Cc yu cu.
Kch thc ca dy li tng cng khng c nh hn gi tr yu cu trong 11.6

15.8 o ng knh ngoi.

Nu th nghim c bit i hi cn o ng knh ngoi, lc phi tun

th theo IEC 811-1-2

15.9 Th nghim in p trong 4 gi.

Th nghim ny ch p dng cho cp c in p nh mc trn 3,6/6 (7,2) kv

a) Ly mu
Mu l mt on cp hon chnh , di t nht 5 m gia cc ph kin th
nghim.
b) Th tc th nghim
t in p tn s cng nghip trong 4 gi vo hai gia rut cp v
mn chn kim loi hoc v kim loi trong 4 gi.
c) in p th
in p th nghim l 3Uo
Gi tr cc in p th nghim tu thuc vo in p nh mc tiu
chun c nu trong bng di y :

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in p nh mc Uo, kV

8.7

12

16

in p th nghim, kV

18

26

36

54

in p th nghim phi c tng dn ti gi tr quy nh v duy tr trong 4 gi.

d) cc yu cu
khng dduwowcj xut hin cc vt chc thng trn cch in

15.10 Th nghim nng cho cc cch in EPR v XLPE v v SE1

a) Th tc

Vic ly mu v th tc th nghim phi tun th theo iu 9 ca IEC

811-1-2, s dng cc iu kin cho trong bng 11 v 12
b) Cc yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu cho trong bng 11 i vi
cch in EPR v XLPE v trong bng 12 i vi v bc SE1

16. Th nghim hp chun v in

16.1 i vi cp cch in bng PE v XLPE in p nh mc trn 1,8/3

( 3,6) kV v cp cch in bng PVC hay EPR in p nh mc trn
3,6/6 (7,2) kV

a) Vi cc cp ny cc th nghim hp chun v in oc nu trong

16.1.1 phi c thc hin vi cc on mu cp 10m v 15 m nm gia cc ph
kin th.
b) Loi tr cc im a) v c) trong 16.1.2 tt c cc th nghim trong
16.1.1 u phi c thc hin ln lt trn cng mt mu cp.
c) vi cp nhiu rut, mi th nghim hay o lng phi c tin hnh vi
tt c cc rut.
16.1.1 Th t th nghim
Cc th t th nghim bnh thng nh sau ;
a) th nghim phng in cc b ( xem 16.1.3)
b) th nghim un cun, tip theo th nghim phng in cc b. Bin
phng in 1,5 Uo phi c ghi li ( xem 16.1.4)
c) o tan ph thuc in p v o in dung ( xem 16.1.5 v mc c)
ca 16.1.2)
d) o tan tu thuc nhit ( xem 16.1.6 v mc c) ca 16.1.2)
e) th nghim chu k pht nng tip theo th nghim phng in cc
b . Bin ca phng in 1,5 Uo phi c ghi li ( xem 16.1.7);

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f) th nghim chu ng xung, tip theo th nghim in p tn s

cng nghip ( xem 16.1.8)
g) th nghim dng in xoay chiu cao p ( xem 16.1.9)

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16.1.2 Cc quy nh c bit

a) Th nghim c) v d) c th thc hin trn cc mu khc nhau t cc mu
s dng ( xem 16.1) cho cc th t th nghim bnh thng nu trong 16.1.1
b) C th ly mu mi cho th nghim g) vi iu kin l mu th ny
chu trc cc th nghim b) v e) nu trong 16.1.1
c) Th nghim c) v d) trong 16.1.1 khng yu cu vi cc cp c in p nh
mc di 6/10 (12) kV
16.1.3 Th nghim phng in cc b
Tin hnh th nghim phng in cc b theo m t trong IEC 88502
Bin phng in 1,5 Uo phi c o v ghi li. Gi tr ny khng c cao
hn 20 pC vi cch in XLPE , PE v EPR hoc khng c cao hn 40 pC vi
cch in PVC.
16.1.4 Th nghim un cun
a) Mu th phi c un quanh mt hnh tr th nghim ( th d nh li ca ru
l cp ) t nht l mt vng nhit dd trong phng. Sau th ngay mu ra
v li un li, min l ng un thepo chiu ngc li.
Lp i lp li nh vy 3 ln
b) ng knh ca hnh tr th nghim y phi l :
vi cp mt rut :

20(d + D) 5 %

vi cp nhiu rut 15 (d + D ) 5 %
trong
D

ng knh ngoi hin ti ca mu cp, tnh theo milimet

ng knh ca rut cp, tnh theo milimet

nu rut cp khng phi l hnh trn :

d = 1,13 S mm
trong S l tit din nh mc, tnh theo milimet vung.
c) B sung vo th nghim ny, mu th phi chu php o phng in cc
b v phi tho mn yu cu ca 16.1.3 .
16.1.5 o tan ph thuc vo in p ( ca cc cp in p nh mc 6/10 (12)
kV v ln hn
a) H s cng sut ca mu th vi cc iu kin c hc nh m t trong
16.1.4 phi c o nhit mi trng vi in p xoay chiu tn s cng
nghip 0,5 Uo v 2 Uo.
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b) Gi tr o c khng c vt qu gi tr ghi trong bng 5.

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16.1.6 o tan ph thuc vo nhit ( vi cp c in p nh mc 6/10 (12)

kV v ln hn )
a) Mu ca mt cp hon chnh phi c lm nng bng mt trong cc phng
php di y; trong mi phng php , nhit ca dy dn phi c xc nh
hoc bng cch o in tr du dn hoc bng nhit k tj trong l hay
trn b mt ca mn chn.
Mu phi c t hoc trong mt thng cha cht lng hoc trong mt l,
hoc bng cch cho dng in lm nng chy qua mn chn kim loi. ca cch
in.
Vi cp cch in bng EPR, PE hay XLPE nhit phi oc nng ln t t
cho ti khi dy dn t c nhit cao nht cho trong 1.4
Vi cc cp cch in bng PVC/B, nhit phi c nng ln t t cho ti khi t
c 60oC, nhit nh mc cao nht ( 70oC), 80oC v 85oC. Nhit phi
c duy tr mi mc yu cu vi 2 oC trong 2 gi trc khi tip tc o .
b) Phi o h s cng sut vi in p xoay chiu 2 kV vi tn s cng nghip,
nhit quy nh trn hoc, vi cp PVC/B, mi nhit quy nh
trn.
c) Vi cp PVC/B, ng thi phi o in dung ca mu tng nhit .
d) Cc gi tr o c phi tho mn yu cu ghi trong bng 5.
16.1.7 Th nghim chu k pht nng.
a) Mu sau khi chu cc th nghim trc, c di ra trn sn ca phng th v
lm nng ln bng cch cho dng in i qua dy dn, cho ti khi dy dn t
c nhit n nh 10oC trn nhit nh mc cc i ca cch inj
trong vn hnh bnh thng.
Vi cp nhiu rut, dng in lm nng ny phi i qua tt c cc rut cp.
Dng in lm nng ny phi c duy tr t nht trong hai gi, sau
ngui trong khng kh t nht l 4 gi .
Chu k ny c lp li hai ln na
b) Sau chu k th ba , mu ph chu o phng in cc b nh trong 16.1.3
v phi tho mn cc yu cu trong mc .
16.1.8 Th nghim chu xung tip theo th nghim in p xoay chiu.
a) Phi thc hin th nghimh ny trn mu c nhit cao hn nhit vn
hnh nh mc cao nht 5 oC.
in p xung phi c t theo nh trnh t nu trong IEC 230.
b) Cp phi chu ng c 10 xung in p cc tnh dng v 10 xung cc tnh
m vi gi tr sp s trong bng di y m khng c c h hng no
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in p chu ng xung
in p nh mc Uo/U ,
kV
in p th nghim, kV

3.6/6(7.2)

6/10(12)

8.7/15(17.5
)

12/20(24)

18/30(36)

60

75

95

125

170

c) Sau th nghim trong ,mc a) v b), mu cp phi chu th nghim in p

tn s cng nghip nhit trong phng trong 15 pht. ( vi tng rut )
cc gi tr ca in p th nghim c quy nh trong mc d) ca 14.4.
Khng c xut hin s chc thng no.
16.1.9 Th nghim cao p trong 4 gi.
Th nghim ny c thc hin nhit trong phng. t in p c tn s
cng nghip vo gia rut v mn chn trong 4 gi.
in p th l 3Uo. Tng dn dn in p n gi tr quy nh. Khng c
xut hin s chc thng no.

16.2 Th nghim hp chun v in cho cp in p khng vt qu

1.8/3(3.6) kV c cch in PE v XLPE v 3.6/6(7.2) kV vi cch in PVC
v EPR.

Cc cp ny phi chu cc th nghim sau y, ln lt trn cng mt mu cp

hn chnh, di 10m n 15 m :
a) o in tr cch in nhit trong phng ( xem 16.2.1.1)
b) o in tr cch in nhit lm vic ( xem 16.2.1.2)
c) th nghim vi dng in cap p xoay chiu ( xem 16.2.2)
Cc th nghim ny gii hn tin hnh khng qu 3 rut cp
16.2.1 o in tr cch in
16.2.1.1 o nhit mi trng
a) Tin hnh th nghim ny tr n mu cp trc khi tin tin hnh cc th
nghim v in khc.
Lt b tt c v ngoi v nhng rut cp vo trong nc vi nhit trong phng
t nht 1 gi trc khi th. Tin hnh o in tr gia dy dn( rut v nc.
Nu cn thit , c th tin hnh o nhit ( 20 1)oC
in p th nghim mt chiu phi l t 80 n 500 V ueoc t trong mt
khong thi gian ddt c n nh, nhng khng t hn 1 pht v khng
qu 5 pht

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b) Tnh ton : in tr xut khi c tnh theo in tr cch in o c theo

cng thc sau :
2lR
log e

=
trong

in tr xut khi, ohm centimet

in tr cch in o c , ohm

chiu di ca cp , cm

ng knh ngoi ca cch in, mm

ng knh trong ca cch in, mm

Cng c th tnh " hng s in tr cch in Ki " theo cng thc

Ki =

l R x 10-11
log10 D/d

= 10 -11 x 0,367 , M.km

Ghi ch : Vi rut cp c hnh dng c bit, t s D/d l t s ca chu vi ngoi ca cch in

v chu vi ngoi ca rut cp.

c) Yu cu : Cc gi tr tnh ton t cc php o khng c nh hn gi tr quy

nh trong bng 5.
16.1.2 o nhit nh mc cao nht
a) Cc rut cp sau khi lt b v ngoi oc nhng trong nc vi nhit quy
nh trong t nht 1 gi troc khi th.
in p th nghim mt chiu 80 n 500 V oc t trong khong thi gian
n nh, nhng khng t hn mt pht v lu hn 5 pht.
b) Tnh ton - in tr xut khi v/hay hng s in tr cch in c tnh t
in tr cch in o c theo cng thc mc b) cu 16.2.1.1
c) Yu cu - Gi tr tnh ton t cc php o khng c nh hn cc gi tr quy
nh trong bng 5
16.2.2 Th nghim in p trong 4 gi.
Rut cch in ca mu cp c lt b v , c nhng trong nc nhit
trong phng t nht l 1 gi.
Tng dn in p tn s cng nghip n gi tr bng 3 Uo v duy tr lin tc
trong 4 gi, in p ny c t vo gia rut cp v nc. Khng c thy xut
hin hin tng chc thng.

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17, Th nghim hp chun khng in

Cc th nghim hp chun khng in cn i hi c nu trong bng 6

17.1 o b dy ca cch in

a) Ly mu
Mu th c ly t rut cp c cch in
Vi cp c nhiu hn 3 rut v c tit in u, s rut o ch gi hn
3 rut hoc 10 % s rut nu nhiu hn
b) Th tc
Tin hnh o nh m t trong mc 8 ca IEC 811-1-1
c) Yu cu
Cc gi tr trung bnh o c ca mi rut c lm trn vi 0,1 mm theo ph lc
B, khng c nh hn dy nh mc quy nh v gi tr o c nh nht
khng c di dy nh mc quy nh mt i lng ln hn 0,1 mm + 10%
dy nh mc quy nh, ngha l
tm tn - (0,1 + 0,1 tn ) , mm

17.2 o dy ca v bo v khng bng kim loi ( bao gm v ngn

cch nhng khng phi l v bc tronga) Ly mu

Ly mt mu cp
b) Th tc
Tin hnh o nh m t trong mc 8 ca IEC 811-1-7
c) Yu cu
Mi mu v phi tho mn cc iu sau y :
-

vi v p trn mt b mt tr nhn( th d trn v bc trong, trn lp

bo v bang kim loi hay trn lp cch in ca cp n ) gi tr trung
bnh o c , c lm trn ti 0,1 mm theo ph lc B, khng c nh
hn dy nh mc quy nh v gi tr o c nh nht khng c di dy nh mc quy nh mt i lng ln hn 0,1 mm + 15
% dy nh mc quy nh, ngha l :
tm tn - (0,1 + 0,15 tn ) , mm

- vi v p trn mt b mt hnh tr khng u ( th d trn lp

cch in lt gia cc rut cp ca mmt cp nhiu rut khng c li
tng cng khng c v bc trong hay lp v p trc tip trn li tng cng, trn mn chn kim loi hay trn dy ng tm ) v vi lp v
phn cch , gi tr o c nh nht khng c di dy nh mc
quy nh mt i lng ln hn 0,2 mm + 20 % dy nh mc quy
nh, ngha l :

tm tn - (0,2 + 0,20 tn ) , mm
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17.3 Th nghim xc nh cc c tnh c hc ca cch in trc khi

th nghim lo ho.

a) Ly mu
Ly mu v chun b mu th c thc hin nh m t trong mc 9 ca IEC
811-1-1
b) S l lo ho
Tin hnh s l lo ho nh m t trong mc 8 ca IEC 811-1-2 vi cc iu kin
quy nh trong bng 7. Th nghim 2.2 v 2.3 ca bng 7 ch p dng vi cp
c rut ng v khng dng rut cp lm mn chn . Th nghim 2.3 ch thc
hin km vi 2.1 ca bng 7 vi cc cp c rut ng, m cp ny khng th
chu th nghim 2.2
Ghi ch : Th nghim 2.2. v 2.3 thc hin vi cp c rut ng nn thc hin. Tuy nhin vi
kinh nghim hin nay cha coi l bt buc, tr khi c cc tho thun gia nh ch to v
ngi s dng.

c) Gia cng v th nghim c hc

Vic gia cng v th nghim c hc c thc hin theo m t trong iu 9 ca
IEC 811-1-2
d) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim vi cc mu th trc khi v sau khi lo ho phi tho mn cc
yu cu trong bng 7.

17.4 Th nghim xc nh cc tnh cht c hc ca v cp trc v sau khi

lo ho.

a) Ly mu
Ly mu v chun b mu th phi tin hnh theo iu 9 ca IEC 811-1-1
b) S l lo ho
Tin hnh s l lo ho nh m t trong iu 8 ca IEC 811-1-2 vi cc iu kin
quy nh trong bng 8
c) Gia cng v th nghim c hc
Tin hnh gia cng v th nghim c hc nh m t trong iu 9 ca IEC 8111-1
d) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim vi cc mu th trc v sau khi lo ho phi tho mn cc yu
cu trong bng 8

17.5 Th nghim lo ho b sung trn cc mu cp hon chnh.

a) Tng qut
Th nghim ny nhm kim tra xem cch in v v bc ca cp c b h hng
trong vaanj hnh do tip xc vi cc thnh phn khc ca cp khng.
Th nghim ny c th p dng cho mi loi cp.
b) Ly mu
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Mu th c ly t cp hon chnh nh m t trong iu 8 ca IEC 811-1-2

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c) S l lo ho
Tin hnh s l lo ho cc mu cp trong mt l n m t trong iu 8 ca IEC
811-1-2 vi cc iu kin sau ;
-

nhit : ( 10 2) oC trn nhit lm vic nh mc ca cp,

hoc, nu khng bit nhit vn hnh ca cp , th l ( 10 2) oC
trn nhit vn hnh nh mc ca rut cp vi cc vt liu cch
in ( xem bng 7)

thi gian : 7 x 24 gi.

d) Th nghim c hc
Cc mu cp v v bc th nghim ly t cc mu lo ho c chun b v
chu th nghim c hocj nh m t trong iu 8 ca IEC 811-1-2
e) Yu cu
chnh lc gia cc gi tr trung bnh ca dn di v ti trng t sau khi
lo ho vi cc gi tr tng ng khi cha lo ho ( xem 17.3 v 17.4) khng c vt
qu gi tr p dng cho th nghim sau khi lo ho trong l quy nh bng 7
cho cch in v bng 8 cho v bc.

17.6 Th nghim tn hao khi lng trn v bc PVC ca loi ST2

a) Th tc
Ly mu v quy trnh th nghim y phi tun theo iu 8 ca IEC 8113-2
b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu ca bng 9

17.7 Th nghim nn nhit cao trn cch in v v bc.

a) Th thuc
Th nghim nn nhit cao c tin hnh theo iu 8 ca IEC 811-3-1 ,
vi cc iu kin th nghim chtrong th tc th nghim v trong bng 9 v
10.
b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu ca bng 9 v 10

17.8 Th nghim kh nng chu ng ca cch in v v bc PVC

nhit thp,

a) Th tc
Ly mu v quy trnh th nghim y phi tun theo iu 8 ca IEC 8111-4 vi nhit th nghim quy nh bng 9
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b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 8 trong IEC 811-1-4

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17.9 Th nghim kh nng chng nt v ca cch in v v bc

PVC( th nghim s nhit)

a) Th tc
Ly mu v th tc th nghim theo iu 9 IEC 811-3-1, nhit th nghim
v giai on lm nng theo nh bng 9
b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu trong iu 9 IEC 811-3-1

17.10 o lng ch s chy ca cch in PE

a) Th tc
Mu ly t cch in PE c chun b v th nghim nh iu 10 IEC 811-4-1
c) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu trong bng 10

17.11 Th nghim kh nng chu ng cht zn ca cch in EPR

a) Th tc
Ly mu v th tc th nghim theo iu 8 IEC 811-2-1, nng zn v
cc giai on th nghim theo nh bng 11.
b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu trong iu 8 IEC 811-2-1

17.12 Th nghim chu nhit ca cch in v v bc EPR v XLPE ca

SE1

a) Th tc
Ly mu v th tc th nghim theo iu 8 IEC 811-2-1,
trong bng 11 v 12

cc iu kin nh

b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu trong bng 11i vi EPR v
XLPE v bng 12 i vi v bc SE1

17.13 Th nghim ngm trong du i vi v bc elatome

a) Th tc
Ly mu v th tc th nghim theo iu 10 IEC 811-2-1, cc iu kin nh
trong bng 12
b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu trong bng 12

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17.14 Th nghim hp th nc ca cch in

a) Th tc
Ly mu v th tc th nghim theo iu 9 IEC 811-1-3,
trong bng 9,10,hau 11 tng ng.

cc iu kin nh

b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu trong bng 9,10,hay 11

17.15 Th nghim kh nng chng lan truyn ngn la.

Th nghim ny ch p dng cho cc cp c v bc loi cht tng hp ST1, ST2

hay SE1 v ch tin hnh khi c cc yu c bit
Phng php th nghim v cc yu cu nh quy nh trong IEC 332-1

17.16 o lng hm lng cac bon en trong v bc PE

a) Th tc
Ly mu v th tc th nghim tin hnh theo iu 11 IEC 811-4-1
b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu trong bng 10

17.17 Th nghim tnh co rt ca cch in PE v XLPE

a) Th tc
Ly mu v th tc th nghim tin hnh theo iu 1o IEC 811-1-3vi cc
iu kin quy nh trong bng 10 v 11
b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu trong bng 10 v 11

17.18 Th nghim un cong c bit

Vi loi cp m t trong mc b) ca 6.2 , cn thc hin th nghim un cong

c bit.
a) Th tc
Mu th c un t nht l mt vng quanh mt hnh tr th nghim ( th d
mt ci trng ) nhit trong phng. ng knh ca hnh tr phi bang 7
D , trong o D l ng knh ngoi o c ca mu cap. Sau t cp ra v li
un li nh trn nhng trnh theo chiu ngc li.
Tin hnh nh vy 3 ln. Sau nguyn mu cp un quanh hnh tr y
vo mt l c lm nng ln ti nhit nh mc cao nht ca dy dn
trong 24 gi.
Sau cp c lm ngui tr li, in p th nghim theo nh 14.4 c t vo
trong khi cp vn cn b un.
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b) Yu cu
Khng c xut hin cc chc thng v bn ngoi v bc khng c c vt nt.

17.19 Th nghim n nh nhit ca cch in PVC/B

a) Th tc
Ly mu v th tc th nghim tin hnh theo iu 9 IEC 811-3-2 vi cc
iu kin quy nh trong bng 9
b) Yu cu

Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu trong bng 9

17.20 Th nghim tnh co rt ca v bc PE

a) Th tc
Ly mu v th tc th nghim tin hnh theo iu 11 IEC 811-1-3 vi cc
iu kin quy nh trong bng 10
b) Yu cu
Kt qu th nghim phi tho mn cc yu cu trong bng 10

18 Th nghim in sau khi lp t

Th nghim sau lp t ny oc thc hin khi vic lp t cp v cc ph
kin hon chnh.
t mt in p mt chiu bng 70 % in p mt chiu quy nh trong mc
d) ca 14.4 trong 15 pht.
Thep phng n tho thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng, c th tin hnh
th nghim in p xoay chiu tn s cng nghip theo nh mc a) v b) di
y nh sau :
a) t in p li vo gia dy dn v mn chn trong 5 pht
b) Th nghim vi in p vn hnh bnh thng trong 24 gi.
Ghi ch : Th nghim in vi cc thit b sau khi c sa cha l theo yu cu ca lp t
in. Cn th nghim ny ch p dng vi cc thit b mi

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Bng 5 - Cc yu cu v th nghim hp chun v in

1
Cc tnh cht c bn ca vt liu
0

Nha nhit

Tn cc vt liu cch in tng hp

Elatome,...

PVC
A

PE

EPR

XLPE

70

70

70**

90

90

00

Nhit dy dn nh mc cc i,oC

in tr xut khi ***, cm

1a

- 20oC ( xem 16.2.1.1)

1013

1014

1b

- nhit nh mc cc i ***( xem

16.2.1.2)

1010

1011

1012

1012

Hng s in tr cch in*** K, Mkm

2a

- 20oC ( xem 16.1.3 v 16.2.1.1)

36.7

367

2b

- nhit nh mc cc i ****( xem

16.2.1.2)

0.037

0.37

3.67

3.67

1000

10

200

40

65

20

25

20

1000

10

200

40

10

400

80

3
3a
3b

4
4a
4b

H s in mi ph thuc vo in p,
nhit mi trng( xem 16.1.5)
- tan cc i Uo
( x 10
-4
)
- bin i ca tan
(x
10 -4)
gia 0.5 Uo v 2Uo
H s in mi ph thuc vo nhit
2 kV ( xem 16.1.6)
-tan cc i nhit
mi trng
( x 10 -4)
- tan cc i nhit
nh mc
****
( x 10
-4
)

1) Vi PVC/B tch s " hng s in mi x tan khng c vot qu 0.75 vi gii nhit
t nhit mi trng ti 85oC, Ngoi ra gi tr ca tan 80oC khng c vt qu gi tr
ca tan 60oC
5

Th nghim phng in cc b
( xem tiu mc 16.1.3, 16.1.4c v 16.1.7b
Phng in cc i 1.5 Uo

(pC)

40

20

20

20

* Vi nh ngha cc tn gi ( xem 1.2)

** 75oC vi polyetylen vi t trng cao hn 0.940 g/cm3 23oC
*** Vi cp in p nh mc khng qu 1.8/3 kV c cch in XLPE v 3.6/6 kV vi cch in
PVC/B v EPR
**** Gi tr ca nhit nh mc cc i cho dng 00 ca bng ny

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Bng 6 - Cc th nghim hp chun khong in ( xem bng 7 n 12 )

0

Cch in
Tn cc hp cht tng hp

Kch thc

1a

o b dy

c tnh c hc

10

V bc khng kim loi

Nha nng

Eletome

Nha nng

Eletome

PVC

EP
R

XL
PE

PVC

PE

EP
R

XL
PE

(xem bng 7 v 8)
1

PE

(ti trng v ko di)

2a

Khng lo ho

2b

Sau khi lo ho trong l

khng kh

2c

Sau khi lo ho trong bnh

2d

Sau khi lo ho mt mu
cp

2e

Sau khi nhng trong du

nng

Cc c tnh nha nng

3a

Th nghim p nng

3b

c tnh nhit thp

Cc c tnh khc

4a

Th nghim gim khi lng trong l

4b

Th nghim b gy nng

4c

Ch s chy khng lo ho

4d
4e

Th nghim chu ng o
zon

4f

Th nghim nng

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

Th nghim chm bt la
4g

( nu yu cu)

4h

n nh nhit

4j

Hp th nc

4k

Th nghim co rt

x
x

Hm lng cac bon en

(nu l v nha en 0
"x" Biu th l th nghim ny c p dng
* ang nghim cu

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x
x

x*

x*

502 @ IEC 1994

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Bng 7 - Yu cu th nghim cc c tnh c hc ca vt liu cch in

( trca v sau khi lo ho )
0

1
1.1
1.2

2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2

2.1.3

2.2

2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.3

2.3.1

2.3.2
3

3.0

3.1
3.2

1
Tn vt liu cch in ( xem 1,2)
Nhit nh mc c i ca rut cp
(xem 1,4)
Khng lo ho
IEC811-1-1 iu 9)
ti trng ti thiu
ng xut ko di, ti thiu

Sau khi lo ho trong l khng kh

(IEC 811-1-2 iu 8)
Sau khi lo ho khng rut
nhit
S l
sai s
thi gian
Ti trng
a) gi tr sau khi lo ho ti thiu
b) bin thin cc i **
ng xut ko di ti lc t
a) gi tr sau khi lo ho ti thiu
b) bin thin cc i **
Sau khi lo ho c rut ng, tip theo l th
nghim ti trng ***
nhit
S l
sai s
thi gian
ti trng:
bin thin ** cc i
ng xut kop di ti lc gy
bin thin ** cc i
Sau khi lo ho vi rut ng, tip theo l th
nghim un
( ch nu khi khng p dng 2.2)***
nhit
S l
sai s
thi gian

Kt qu t c
Sau khi lo ho trong bnh kn
552 N/cm2 ( IEC 811-1-2 iu 8)
nhit
S l
sai s 1oC
thi gian
bin i ** ca :
- ti trng, cc i
- ko di n t , cc i

7
PE

A
70

B
70

EPR

XLPE

90

70

70

125
150

12.5
125

4.2
200

12.5
200

10,0
200

PVC
oC

N/mm
2
%

Cp
0.6/
1kV,
li
n
g

Cc
loi
khc

Cp
0.6/
1kV,
li
n
g

Cc
loi
khc

oC
oC
ngy

100
2
7

100
2
7

135
3
7

135
3
7

135
3
7

135
3
7

N/mm
2
%

12.
5

25

12.5
25

30

30

30

30

150
25

30

30

30

30

%
%

150

25

300

150
3
7

150
3
7

30

30

30

30

oC
oC
ngy

150
3
10

150
3
10

oC
oC
ngy

100
2
10

khng nt gy

oC
gi
%
%

* Vi polyetylen t trng cao 75oC

** bin i : chnh lch gia gi tr trung bnh t c sau khi lo ho v gi tr trung bnh
t c khi khng lo ho biu th bng phn trm gi tr trung bnh khng lo ho
*** xem ghi ch mc b) ca 17.3

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Bng 8 - Cc yu cu th nghim cc c tnh c ca vt liu v bc

( trc v sau khi lo ho )
0

Tn lp vt liu tng hp*

Cc c tnh c bn ca v
tng hp

Nhit nh mc cc i ca
rut cp c th s dng v tng
hp**

Khng lo ho

ST1

ST2

ST3

ST7

SE1

Nha nng

Elatome

oC

80

90

80

90

85

N/mm2

12,5

12,5

10,0

12,5

10,0

150

150

300

300

300

oC

100

100

100

100

100

ngy

10

14

N/mm2

12,5

12,5

25

25

a) gi tr sau lo ho, cc tiu

150

150

b) bin i ***, cc i

25

25

(IEC 811-1-1 iu 9)
1.1

Ti trng, cc tiu

1.2

Ko di n t, cc tiu

Sau khi lo ho trong l

(IEC 811-1-2 iu 8)

2.0

S l

nhit
(sai s 2 oC)
thi gian

2.1

Ti trng
a) gi tr sau lo ho, cc tiu
b) bin i ***, cc i

2.2

30

Ko di n lc t
300

300

250
40

* Vi nh ngha ca tn gi, xem 1.5

ST3 v ST7 l loi v tng hp c c s l nha nng polyetylen
SE1 l loi v elatome c c s l poly clo ro pren, clo ro sul fonat polyetylen hoc tng t
** xem 1.5
*** bin i : chnh lch gia gi tr trung bnh t c sau khi lo ho v gi tr trung bnh
t c khi khng lo ho biu th bng phn trm gi tr trung bnh khng lo ho

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Bng 9 - Cc yu cu th nghim cc c tnh c bit ca cch in PVC

v v tng hp
0

1
Tn loi vt liu
PVC tng hp dng lm

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4
PVC

A
B
Cch in

53 / 54

ST1

ST2

v bc

502 @ IEC 1994

- 54 -

Gim khi lng trong l

( IEC 811-3-2 iu 8)

1.1

S l

nhit

oC

ngy

mg/cm
2

( sai s 2oC)
thi gian
1.2

Gim khi lng cho php cc i

Th nghim nn nhit cao

( IEC 811-3-1 iu 8)

2.1
2.2

Nhit th nghim ( sai s

2oC)

oC

2.3

Thi gian mang ti

Gi

ngm su cho php cc i

80

80

80

80

50

50

50

50

-15

-5

-15

-15

-15

-5

-15

-15

-15

-15

Tnh nng nhit thp

3.1

3.2
3.3

( IEC 811-1-4 iu 8)
Th nghim khng lo ho troc
Th nghim un lnh vi ng knh
< 12,5 mm
Nhit th nghim ( sai s
2oC)
Th nghim ko di ngui
Nhit th nghim ( sai s
2oC)

Th nghim va chm ngui

oC
oC
oC

Nhit th nghim ( sai s

2oC)
4.1

Th nghim va chm nng

( IEC 811-3-1 iu 9)

oC

5.1

Nhit th nghim ( sai s

3oC)

gi

5.2

Thi gian th nghim

oC

4.2
5

6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5

n nh nhit ( IEC 811-3-2iu 9)

Hp th nc ( IEC 811-1-3 iu 9)

150

150

150

200
100

pht

Nhit ( sai s 0,5oC)

Thi gian ti thiu

150

70
oC

10

ngy

Phng php in
Nhit ( sai s 2oC)
Thi gian th nghim
Phng php o trng tm
Nhit ( sai s 2oC)

85
oC

14

ngy

10

mg/cm
2

Thi gian
bin i cc i khi lng
* Do iu kin kh hu, cc tiu chun quc gia c th i hi s dng nhit thp hn

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Bng 10 - Cc yu cu th nghim cc c tnh c bit ca cch in PE

( nha nng polyetylen)v v tng hp
0

Tn loi cht tng hp

S dng cht tng hp PE lm
1

PE

ST3

ST7

Cch in

V bc

T trng *
( xem 811-1-3 iu 8)

Ch s nng chy
( xem 811-4-1 iu 10)

2.1

Khng lo ho
Gi tr cho php cc i

0.4

Hm lng cc bon en ( nu v
mu
en)
( xem 811-4-1 iu 11)
Gi tr nh mc

2.5

2.5

0.5

0.5

**

**

Sai s
Hp th nc
( xem 811-1-3 iu 9)

4.1

Phng php trng lng

4.2

Nhit ( sai s 2oC)

4.3

Thi gian

oC

85

ngy

14

mg/cm2

bin i khi lng cc i

Th nghim co rt

5.1

(IEC 811-1-3 iu 10)

oC

100

5.2

Nhit ( sai s 2oC)

gi

5.3

Thi gian

co rt cho php cc i
Th nghim nn nhit cao

6.1

(IEC 811-3-1 iu 8)

oC

115

Nhit th nghim

oC

Sai s
* o t trng ch i hi i vi cc th nghim khc
** ang nghim cu

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Bng 11 - Cc yu cu th nghim cc c tnh c bit ca

cc loi vt liu cch in eletome khc nhau
0

Tn vt liu tng hp
1

EPR

XLPE

Mc chu ng zn
(IEC 811-2-1 iu 8)

0.025~

1.1

Nng zn( theo th tch )

0.030

1.2

Thi gian th nghim khng c vt nt

gi

24

oC

250

200

pht

15

15

N/cm2

20

20

Th nghim nng
(IEC811-2-1 iu 9)

2.1

S l

nhit khng kh( sai s 3oC)

thi gian mang ti
ng lc c

2.2

dn di di ti trng

175

175

2.3

dn di vnh vin sau khi lm lnh

15

15

oC

85

85

ngy

14

14

mg/cm2

1*

Hp th nc
( IEC 811-1-3 iu 9)
Phng php trng lng

3.1

Nhit ( sai s 2oC)

3.2

Thi gian

3.3

Khi lng bin i cc i

Th nghim co rt
(IEC 811-1-3 iu 10)

4.1

Nhit ( sai s 3oC)

oC

130

4.2

Thi gian

gi

4.3

co rt cho php cc i

* bin i ln hn 1 mg/cm2 ang c nghin cu vi t trng ca XLPE ln hn 1

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Bng 12 - Cc yu cu th nghim cc c tnh c bit ca

cc loi vt liu eletome dng lm v bc
0

Tn loi cht tng hp

1

3
SE2

Th nghim ngm trong du tip theo l xc nh cc

c tnh
c :

1.1

(IEC 811-1-1 iu 9 v IEC 811-2-1 iu 10 )

S l

nhit du ( sai s 2 oC)

100

gi

24

40

40

thi gian

1.2

bin i cho php ln nht ca :

a)ti trng
2

oC

b) dn di n lc t
Th nghim nng

2.1

( IEC 811-2-1 iu 9 )
S l

oC

nhit ( sai s 3 oC)

pht

2.2

thi gian chu ti

2.3

ng xut c

dn di cc i di ti

N/cm2

dn di vnh vin cc i sau khi lm ngui

200
15
20
175
15

* bin i : l hiu s gia gi tr trung bnh t c sau khi s l v gi tr trung bnh t

c khi khng s l , biu th bng phn trm ca i lng sau.

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Ph lc A
Phng php tnh ton gi nh xc nh kch thc cc v bo v
dy ca v cp thng c suy ra t ng knh nh mc ca cp bng cc "
bng tra "

i khi xy ra vn . Cc ng kh nh mc tnh ton cth khng cn

thit phi ng nh gi tr thc c trong sn xut,. Trong mt s cc trng hp gii
hn , bi ton c th trm trng ln nu dy ca v khng tng ng vi ng
knh hin ti v ng knh c tnh ton th khi khc mt cht. S bin i
v kch thc hnh dng dy dn gia cc nh ch to v cc phng php tnh
ton khc nhau cng gy ra s khc nhu v ng knh nh mc v do
c th dn n s bin i dy ca v s dng trn cng c s thit k
cp.

trnh cc kh khn y, ngi ta sng to ra phong php tnh ton gi nh.

tng l b qua hnh dng v mc phc tp ca dy dn v tnh ton ng
knh gi nh bng cc cng thc da trn c s tit din ngang ca dy dn
, dy cch in v s lng rut cp. dy ca v bc v cc v khc th c suy ra t ng knh gi nh bng cc cng thc hay tra bng. Phng php
tnh toabns ng knh gi nh c quy nh mt cch chnh xc v
khng c nghi ng g v dy ca cc loi v bc c s dng., dy ny
th khng ph thuc vo cc s khc bit cht t trong thc t sn xut. Ph ng
php ny tiu chun ho thit k cp, dy c xc nh trc v c quy
nh theo tng kch c cp.

Php tnh gi nh ny ch p dng xc nh kch thc ca cc v bc

cp. N khng th thay th tnh ton ng knh nh mc do thc t i
hi, m khng th tnh ton rieng r c.

A.1 Tng qut

A.1.1 Phng php tnh ton dy gi nh ca cc loi v di y c
chp nhn vi iu kin l bo m mi sai bit c th xy ra khi tnh
ton c lp, th d , ngi ta gi thit , cc kch thc ca mt dy dn v cc
khc bit khng th trnh c gia cc ng knh nh mc v thc t phi
b qua.

A1.2 Tt c cc gi tr dy v ng knh phi c lm trn n s thp

phn th nht theo quy lut nu trong ph lc B .

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- 59 -

A.1.3 Trong tnh ton ngi ta khng quan tm n cc di gi , nu n khng

dy qu 0,3 mm

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A.2 Phng php

A.2.1 Dy dn
ng knh gi nh dL ca mt dy dn, khng ph thuc vo hnh dng b
dy, c cho theo tng tit din ngang nh trong bng di y :
Tit din nh
mc ca dy dn

dL

Tit din nh mc
ca dy dn

dL

mm2

mm

mm2

mm

1.5

1.4

95

11.0

2.5

1.8

120

12.4

2.3

150

13.8

2.8

185

15.3

10

3.6

240

17.5

16

4.5

300

19.5

25

5.6

400

22.6

35

6.7

500

25.2

50

8.0

630

28.3

70

9.4

800

31.9

1000

35.7

A.2.2 Si cp
ng knh gi nh Dc ca bt k si cp no c tnh bi cng thc :
a) vi si cp khng c mn chn:
Dc = dL + 2 ti , milimet
b) vi cp c in p nh mc ln hn gi hn cho trong 5.4, cho php
c mt lp bn dn :
Dc = dL + 2 ti , + 3.0 , milimet
nu c mt mn chn kim loi hoc dy dn ng tm, ngoi ra cn cng
thm nh trong A.2.5
A.2.3 ng knh ca c hp b dy dn
ng knh gi nh ca dy y Dl c tnh :
a) vi cp c cc dy dn c cng tit din :
Dl

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trong h s k c cho trong bng sau :

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S lng rut

H s k

S lng rut

H s k

2.00

25

6.00

2.16

26

6.00

2.42

27

6.15

2.70

28

6.41

3.00

29

6.41

3.00

30

6.41

7*

3.35

31

6.70

4.55

32

6.70

8*

3.66

33

6.70

3.80

34

7.00

9*

4.00

35

7.00

10

4.00

36

7.00

10*

4.40

37

7.00

11

4.00

38

7.33

12

4.16

39

7.33

12*

5.00

40

7.33

13

4.41

41

7.67

14

4.41

42

7.67

15

4.70

43

7.67

16

4.70

44

8.00

17

5.00

45

8.00

18

5.00

46

8.00

18*

7.00

47

8.00

19

5.00

48

8.15

20

5.33

52

8.41

21

5.33

61

9.00

22

5.67

23

5.67

24

6.00

* Dy dn nm trong mt lp
b) Vi cp 4 rut, c mt rut c tit din nh hn :
Df =

2.41
3D
+( c1
Dc2+) D
c1( 3D
c2 )
2.41
3D
c1 + Dc2 )
4 4

, milimet

trong
Dc1
l ng knh gi nh ca mt dy pha c cch in,bao gm c
lp kim loi nu c
Dc2
l ng knh gi nh ca dy dn c tit din nh hn

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A.2.4 V bc trong
ng knh gi nh m v bc trong DB l :
DB = Df + 2tB
trong :
tB

l 0.4 mm vi ng knh gi nh m ngai dy ch Df

nh hn v bng 40 mm

tB

l 0.6 mm vi Df ln hn 40 mm

Cc gi tr gi nh tB ny p dng cho :
a) cp nhiu rut
- c hoc khng c v bc trong
- c v bc trong loi n p hoc cun bng
tr phi c lp cch ly nh trong 11.10 c s dng thay th hoc b sung thm
vo v bc trong, lc p dng A.2.6 thay th :
b) cp mt rut
khi c v bc trong loi n p hpoc cun bng.
A.2.5 Dy ng tm v mn chn kim loi
ng knh tng ln do c dy ng tm hoc mn chn kim loi c cho
bng di y :
Tit din nh mc
ca dy dn hoc
mn chn kim loi

ng knh tng ln

Tit din nh mc
ca dy dn hoc
mn chn kim loi

ng knh tng ln

mm2

mm

mm2

mm

1.5

0.5

50

1.7

2.5

0.5

70

2.0

0.5

95

2.4

0.6

120

2.7

10

0.8

150

3.0

16

1.1

185

4.0

25

1.2

240

5.0

35

1.4

300

6.0

nu tit din ca li ng tm hoc mn chn kim loi nm gia hai gi tr

trong bng trn, th tng ng knh s ly gi tr ca tit din ln hn
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nu c mn chn kim loi, tit din ngang ca mn chn dng trong bng
trn s c tnh ton theo cch sau y :
a) Mn chn loi cun bng
Tit din ngang l = nt x tt x wt ( mm2)
trong :
nt
l s bng cun
tt
l dy nh mc ca mt bng ( mm)
wt
l rng ca mt bng ( mm)
Khi ton b dy ca mn chn nh hn 0,15 mm th tng ng knh s
bng khng
b) Mn chn bng si dy
2
Tit din ngang s l =nw x dw x
4

+ nh x th x wh ( m2)

trong :
nw
l s si dy
dw

ng knh mt si dy (mm)

nh

s vng cun

th

dy vng cun(mm)

wh

rng vng cun ( mm)

A.2.6 Lp cch ly
ng knh gi nh ca lp cch ly Ds l
Ds = Du + 2 ts , milimet
trong
Du
ng knh gi nh di lp cch ly
ts
dy tnh ton theo 11.10
A.2.7 Lp bng b sung cho cp c tng cng ( bn trn v bc trong )
ng knh gi nh di lp b sung

tng ng knh vi lp
b sung

ln hn

nh hn v bng

mm

mm

mm

30

1.0

30

1.6

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A.2.8 Li tng cng

ng knh gi nh ca li tng cng Dx l :
vi li tng cng trn hoc dt :
Dx = DA + 2 tA + 2 tw , milimet
trong :
DA
ng knh di lp tng cng
tA
dy hay ng knh ca li tng cng
tw
dy ca vng cun nu c, nu ln hn 0.3 mm
vi li tng cng loi cun bng :
Dx = DA + 4 tA , milimet
DA
tA

ng knh di lp tng cng

dy ca bng tng cng

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Ph lc B
( Thng tin )
Lm trn s

B.1 Lm trn s p dng phng php tnh ton gi nh

B.1.1 Cc quy tc sau y c p dng lm trn s trong tnh ton cc ng
knh gi nh v xc nh cc kch thc ca cc lp thoe nh Ph lc A
Khi gi tr tnh ton ca mt giai on no ln hn mt phn mi, th gi tr
y c lm trn vi mt s thp phn, ngha l n 0,1 mm gn nht . ng
knh gi nh ca tng giai on s c lm trn ti 0.1 mm v, khi s dng
xc nh dy hay kch thc ca mt lp no , s c lm trn trc khi s
dng trong cng thc hay tra bng. dy c tnh ton t cc gi tr lm trn s
li c lm trn ln na nh i hi ca Ph lc A.
B.1.2 hnh dung cc quy tc ny, xem cc th d sau y :
a) Khi c xut hin cc s 0,1,2,3,4 ca hng thp phn th hai trc khi lm
trn, th s gi li s thp phn th nht m khng thay i g c ( lm trn
xung )
Th d :

2.12

= 2.1

2.449
25.0478

= 2.4
= 25.0

b) a) Khi c xut hin cc s 5,6,7,8,v 9 ca hng thp phn th hai trc khi
lm trn, th s gi li s thp phn th nht v cng thm 1 ( lm trn ln )
Th d :
2.17

= 2.2

2.453

= 2.5

30.050

= 30.1

B.2 Lm trn s cho cc ng dng khc.

B.2.1 Vi cc ng dng khc cc ni dung trong B.1.1 , c th i hi lm trn cc
gi tr qu s thp phn. iu c th xy ra , th d khi tnh ton gi tr
trung bnh ca nhiu kt qu o, hoc tnh gi tr nh nht bng cch s
dng phn trm sai s ca gi tr nh mc. Trong trng hp ny, vic lm trn
phi tin hnh ti cc s thp phn quy nh trong cc iu mc lin quan.
B.2.2 Phng php lm trn nh sau :
Nu s thp phn cui cng l cc con s 0,1,2,3,4 trc khi lm trn th s gi
nguyn khng thay i ( lm trn xung )
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Nu s thp phn cui cng c tip theo l cc con s 5,6,7,8,9 trc khi lm
trn th
s c tng ln mt ( lm trn ln )
Tg d :
2.449

2.45 lm trn n 2 s thp phn

2.449

2.4

25.0478

25.048

25.0478

25.05 lm trn n 2 s thp phn

25.0478

25.0

lm trn n mt s thp phn

lm trn n 3 s thp

phn
lm trn n 1 s thp phn

____________

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