ESPERANZATE, MARJORIE P.

A2/3:00 TO 4:00PM
BSAT Ms. May Lanie Pionilla
1. What is Operating System?
An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common
services for computer programs. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a
computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function. Time-sharing operating
systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost
allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources. For hardware functions such as input
and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the
computer hardware,
[1][2]
although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will
frequently make a system call to an OS function or be interrupted by it. Operating systems can be found on
almost any device that contains a computerfrom cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers
and web servers. Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X,
QNX, Microsoft Windows,
[3]
Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS. All these, except Windows, Windows Phone and
z/OS, share roots in UNIX.
2. Windows Version
Name
Release
date
Release
version
number
Editions
Windows 8.1
18 October
2013
NT 6.3
Windows 8.1
Windows 8.1 Pro
Windows 8.1 Enterprise
Windows 8
26 October
2012
NT 6.2
Windows 8
Windows 8 Pro
Windows 8 Enterprise
See Windows 8 editions
Windows 7
22 October
2009
NT 6.1
Windows 7 Home Basic
Windows 7 Home Premium
Windows 7 Professional
Windows 7 Enterprise
Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows Thin PC
See Windows 7 editions
Windows Vista 30 January 2007 NT 6.0
Windows Vista Home Premium
Windows Vista Business
Windows Vista Enterprise
Windows Vista Ultimate
See Windows Vista editions
Windows XP
Professional x64
25 April 2005 NT 5.2 N/A
Windows XP
25 October
2001
NT 5.1
Windows XP Starter
Windows XP Home
Windows XP Professional
Windows XP 64-bit Edition
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (8 July 2006)

Windows ME
14 September
2000
4.90 N/A
Windows 2000
17 February
2000
NT 5.0 Professional
Windows 98 25 June 1998 4.10
Windows 98
Windows 98 Second Edition (23 April 1999)
Windows NT 4.0 24 August 1996 NT 4.0 Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
Windows 95 24 August 1995 4.00
Windows 95
Windows 95 SP1 (31 December 1995)
Windows 95 OSR1 (14 February 1996)
Windows 95 OSR2 (24 August 1996)
Windows 95 USB Supplement to OSR2 (27 August
1997)
Windows 95 OSR2.1 (27 August 1997)
Windows 95 OSR2.5 (26 November 1997)
Windows NT 3.51 30 May 1995 NT 3.51 Windows NT 3.51 Workstation
Windows NT 3.5
21 September
1994
NT 3.50 Windows NT 3.5 Workstation
Windows 3.2
22 November
1993
3.2 Simplified Chinese only
Windows for
Workgroups 3.11
November 1993 3.11 N/A
Windows NT 3.1 27 July 1993 NT 3.10 Windows NT 3.1
Windows 3.1 April 1992 3.10
Windows 3.1
Windows for Workgroups 3.1 (October 1992)
Windows 3.0 22 May 1990 3.00 N/A
Windows 2.11 13 March 1989 2.11
Windows/286
Windows/386
Windows 2.10 27 May 1988 2.10
Windows/286
Windows/386
Windows 2.0
9 December
1987
2.0 N/A
Windows 1.04 April 1987 1.04 N/A
Windows 1.03 August 1986 1.03 N/A
Windows 1.01
20 November
1985
1.01 N/A


3. Who is Bill Gates?
William Henry Gates III, better known as Bill Gates, was born on 28 October 1955 in Seattle, Washington. He is best
known as co-founder of software giant Microsoft Corporation, a company he and Paul Allen bootstrapped in 1979. The
enormous success of Microsoft has amassed the entrepreneur an astounding fortune, earning him the title of richest man in
the world from 1995 to 2007, according to Forbes Magazine. As of 2013, Gates net worth is estimated at $67 billion US
Dollars (USD).
Bill Gates was born to a well-to-do family, his father a successful lawyer, and his mother a board member for First Interstate
Bank. He has two siblings, Kristianne and Libby. Throughout grammar school, he excelled in math and science, and
enrolled in Lakeside, an exclusive preparatory school.
At Lakeside, the young man was exposed to his first computers in the form of Teletype terminals networked to a remote
server. Use of the Teletype required purchasing time blocks from the server. Gates and his Lakeside friends were banned
from one system after administrators learned the kids were exploiting flaws in the system to acquire free time.
Gates quickly developed a passionate interest in computer operating systems, source code, and computer languages,
including BASIC, FORTRAN, LISP, and COBOL. He and Allen were soon getting work searching for vulnerabilities in
existing systems and writing proprietary programs. By age 14, Gates founded a short-lived venture with Allen that earned
him $20,000 USD in the first year.
Interested in law, Gates enrolled in Harvard College in 1973, but the world would have different plans for the future
software mogul. Just two years into Harvard, he took a leave of absence to work with Allen writing an operating system
(OS) for what is now considered to be the precursor to personal computers, the Altair 8800. The two young men formed a
partnership they initially called Micro-soft, later changing it to Microsoft to be trademarked in November 1976.
Perhaps foreshadowing things to come, the Altair operating system that Bill Gates and Paul Allen wrote was widely copied
and shared among computer enthusiasts, prompting Gates to write an open letter in February 1976. In his letter, he conveyed
his distress at having people use the OS without making payment, stressing the time and work that goes into programming
and the inability to provide quality software without fair compensation.
Four years later, in 1980, IBM approached Gates to provide an operating system for an upcoming personal computer line.
He suggested 86-DOS, an operating system written by Tim Patterson of Seattle Computer Products (SCP). Gates
subsequently negotiated with SCP to make Microsoft the sole licensing agent of 86-DOS and eventually full owner, never
mentioning the potential mega-contract with IBM. Microsoft adapted the OS, renamed it PC-DOS and asked IBM for a
one-time fee, retaining copyright. When IBM clones hit the market, as Gates predicted they would, every computer required
a copy of Microsofts operating system, licensed directly from the company.
If MS-DOS opened the door to Gates legendary status in the computer world, the Windows operating system kicked it
wide open. While MS-DOS was a text-based command-line OS, Windows revolutionized the personal computer world,
providing an easy, graphical, point-and-click interface that made computers accessible to everyone. The market exploded
from a relatively small community of computer geeks to the general public, and businesses large and small.
The Windows OS created a de facto monopoly for Gates in the IBM PC market. Microsoft frequently bought out small
up-and-coming companies that were developing popular software packages, absorbing the products into the Microsoft line.
In many cases, Gates was criticized for his aggressiveness in forcing out competition. This came to a head in the mid-1990s,
when Microsoft packaged Internet Explorer with Windows 95, essentially pushing its browser upon new computer
users, usurping the market share or rival browser Netscape. In 1998, the U.S. Department of Justice brought charges
against Microsoft in an antitrust case, eventually ending with a ruling against the software giant.
In 1994, Bill Gates married Microsoft employee Melinda Ann French. They had three children: Jennifer (b. 1996), Rory (b.
1999), and Phoebe (b. 2002). Gates has received honorary doctorates from universities in the Netherlands, Sweden, Tokyo,
and from Harvard. In 2000, he and Melinda founded the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, donating billions to improve
global healthcare, fight AIDS, improve educational opportunities and provide scholarships. He also received an honorary
Knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in 2005 and was named one of the most influential people of the 20th Century by Time
magazine.