Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CULTURE
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
1
2
3
4
5
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
GCEC
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CULTURE
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
1
2
3
4
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
PROJECT OVERVIEW
RESEARCH QUESTION
1
How can we design a scalable structure that combines the
quality of prefabricated components with the sustainable pro-
cess of on-site construction; respects the local venacular; and
develops existing assets of a community?
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
RESEARCH QUESTION
JPC
reCOVER
El Pantanal
GCEC
How can we design a scalable structure
that combines the quality of prefabricated
components with the sustainable process of
on-site construction, without importing foreign
expectations into a developing nation and taking
the local assets of the community?
univeristy public service+research progam
community partner
initiative through the
University of Virginia
School of Architecture
in the research, design
development, and
fabrication of transition
disaster relief shelters
community south of
Granada, Nicaragua that
does not have access to
basic education and job
training
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
1
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CONTEXT
apoyo lagoon
lake nicaragua
isletas de granada
mombacho
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
apoyo lagoon
lake nicaragua
isletas de granada
mombacho
lake granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
1
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CONTEXT
lake nicaragua
granada
lake nicaragua
granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
lake nicaragua
granada
lake nicaragua
granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
1
50 acres
el pantanal
to dump
to granada
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CONTEXT
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
50 acres
el pantanal
to dump
to granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
1
PROJECT OVERVIEW
OBJECTIVES
PRIMARY SCHOOL
SECONDARY SCHOOL
SMALL START UP BUSINESSES + TRADE SCHOOL
SPORTS FIELDS
HOUSING FOR GCEC TEACHERS
AGRICULTURE
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
to transform lives of spiritual and physical poverty
to change lives
to instill a sense of c o mmu n i t y
to equip young men and women
to welcome the community at large
to radiate hope
to honor local culture
to complement natural beauty
to foster a holistic approach to education
to we l c o me the community at large
to build a sense of well-being
to emulate a campus
to create a model of healthy, purposeful living
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
GCEC
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CULTURE
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
1
2
3
4
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
GCEC
OUR COMMUNITY PARTNER
2
GCEC: Serving Those With The Greatest Since 2006
Our Mission: To transform lives of spiritual and physical poverty, by and for Jesus
Christ through quality Christian Education.
The University of Virginia is looking into an innovative design for the school buildings, and John
Grisham has donated plans for a sports complex. We have received commitments for more than half
of the funds needed to complete purchase of the property, re-quired by February. A team of 9 business
leaders from Charlottesville visited in November to dis-cuss opportunities and experience frst-hand
the vision for the project. We are beginning to discuss a partnership with a large church in North
Carolina on a combination aquacul-ture/hydroponic project which could eventually help in our plan
to make the project self sustaining through businesses integrated with the trade school. In short, it has
been awesome to watch the pieces fall into place as God reveals the plans He has for Granada.
Nicaragua Base News From El Puente
Charles and Sarah Kaye Newsletter- November 12th 2013
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Average Per Capita Income
Unemployment rate
Number of Elementary Kids in El Pantanal
Popilation of El Pantanal
Population of City of Granada
230,000
3,000
Average House Size
Number of People per House
100-150 sq. ft
10-12
$1,071
Official 8%
Unofficial 60%
Number of Students without Access to School
800
Percent of Kids Advancing to Seconday School
30%
800
Population of
230,000
Percent of Kids Advancing to Seconday School
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
2
EL PUENTE Ministries
2
GCEC
Nicaragua House of Prayer
Solo Por Hoy
Barrio Street Outreach
CHE & The Community
Library and Literacy Center
Created in 2009 by a group of volunteers, the
prayer house has a traditional "racho" style hatch
rood and rustic hand-made tile floor. The House
of Prayer wasinspired by the 24/7 prayer center
Kanasa House of Prayer. The spot offers a quiet
gathering place for prayer and reflection.
Solo Por Hoy is a group that ministers to ad-
dicts and alcoholics. Solo Por Hoy uses the 12
step AA and NA program. Often after complet-
ing the Solo Por Hoy program many members
join El punete as a missionary.
Local paters bring refreshments and offer frien-
ship to the particularly troubled areas of Grana-
da including crack houses and drug-dealing
corners. Bible study groups have been started
in the man barrios of Granada including La
Jungla.
In 2009 volunteers used two open acres of space
at the Bidge to construct raised garden beds
and raising vegetables using organic gardening
principles. In addition we have planted and are
maintaining multiple fruit trees. CHE (Community
Health Evangelism) is a ministry that integrates
evangelism and discipleship.
Located in the main building of El Puente, the
library and literacy center provides reading pro-
grams for the youth who live in nearby barrios. The
center is run by volunteers, and is also used for
retrats and workshops for neighboorhood churches
lacking sufficient meeting spaces.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
City Dump Ministry
El Jicaro Project
El Pantanal Outreach
Vida Joven
Outside Ministries
The City Dump ministry provides hot meals,
felowship through singing and sharing he Bible
and bringing medical help to those who rum-
mage through the trash around Granada, often
barefoot.
The Jicaro Project offers training, employment
and community to the youth and single mothers of
Granada's poorest barrios. Specializing
in the design and production of quality artisanal
handcrafts. Proceeds from sales help to support
these struggling families and youth.
The Bridge offers weekly outreaches of Dis-
cipleship class, sport ministry, and Bible Club
for Kids at El Pantanal. Second Staruday, a
program under CHE brings the Pantanal Com-
munity together in a health-conscious manner
such as planting trees and trash clean up.
In 2008 theBridge helped to bring the first Vida
Joven (Young Life) club to Granada. Club meets
at theBridge every Thursday evening, hosting as
many as 100 young people from the surrounding
barrios. Additional Club activities such as bible
study, and prayer meetings.
The Bridge often assists unaffiliated initiatives
throughout Granada, and often send volunteers
who may be visiting their base through short term
mission trips. Ministries include: El Fortin & Cana
Castilla Barrio Feeding Program Program, Los
Pipitos, Hogar de Ninas: Girl's Orphanage, Luz
Del Mundo Church.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SITES Granada to El Pantanal
GCEC
2
City Dump
Granada Christian Education Center
GCEC
International Christian Education Centers
ICEC
El Puente (The Bridge) El Pantanal School The Jicaro Project
Solo Por Hoy CHE and the Community Garden
y r t s i n i M p m u D y t i C n e v o J a d i V Barrio Street Outreach
Ministries Vida Joven ESL
El Pantanal School Site
The Bridge
4
.
9
K
i
l
o
m
e
t
e
r
s
City Dump
2
.
3
K
i
l
o
m
e
t
e
r
s
Nicaragua House of Prayer Library and Literacy Center
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Barrio
San Agustin
San Ignacio
El Pantanal
5O Acre Lot
N
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
2
INITAL PROJECT PHASING
GCEC
2
Sports Fields
S
c
h
o
o
l
T
a
m
a
r
i
n
d
T
r
e
e
O
r
c
h
a
r
d
Saber Trees
Trade School
Pavillion
D
o
r
m
i
t
o
r
y
Francis Umana de Blando
Boundary
San Ignacio
G
r
a
n
a
d
a
R
o
a
d
P
H
A
S
E
O
N
E
P
H
A
S
E
T
W
O
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015
Buy and prepare ~50 acres of land in
Pantanal
Build a pavilion on property to begin,
Vida Joven Club, Bible and ESL and
other classes while the school is being
Clear sports fields
Provide enrolling students with ESL
and Bible classes
Hire and train teachers in Bible and
educational process
Begin sports ministry
Build at least one building with 9
classrooms
Begin technical skills training
Begin secondary school with 7th grade
Begin elementary school for K and 1st
grade
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Sports Fields
S
c
h
o
o
l
T
a
m
a
r
i
n
d
T
r
e
e
O
r
c
h
a
r
d
Saber Trees
Trade School
Pavillion
D
o
r
m
i
t
o
r
y
Francis Umana de Blando
Boundary
San Ignacio
G
r
a
n
a
d
a
R
o
a
d
P
H
A
S
E
O
N
E
P
H
A
S
E
T
W
O
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015
Buy and prepare ~50 acres of land in
Pantanal
Build a pavilion on property to begin,
Vida Joven Club, Bible and ESL and
other classes while the school is being
Clear sports fields
Provide enrolling students with ESL
and Bible classes
Hire and train teachers in Bible and
educational process
Begin sports ministry
Build at least one building with 9
classrooms
Begin technical skills training
Begin secondary school with 7th grade
Begin elementary school for K and 1st
grade
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
GCEC
THE PAVILLION Construction
2
Dimensions
Pavillion: 40'x 78'
Eucalyptus columns:
10" diameter
Trusses: 8" diameter
Overhang: 3'
Ground to Bottom of Low
Roof: 8'
Ground to the Bottom of the
High Roof: 12'
Ground to Ridge of High
Roof: 25'
20 Meters
Side View End View
Kitchen
12 meters
4 Meters
Meeting Space
Storage
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
View From Site
Roof Construction
Finished Well Well Construction
Talent Show in The Pavillion
The Pavillion during Sunrise
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
GCEC
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CULTURE
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
1
2
3
4
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Leon
Managua
Granada
1.2 million living abroad
after 1980s Civil War
Indigenous population inhabited along Lake Nicaragua
Hernandez de Cordoba founds Spanish settlements
GRANADA along Lake Nicaragua and LEON located left of
Lake Managua
Political Rivalry between LIBERAL ELITE OF LEON and
CONSERVATIVE ELITE OF NICARAGUA; Managua
established as capital
Liberal power established for decades by Jose Santos Zeyla
American Occupation of Nicaragua
SOMOZA DYNASTY
National Guard Commander Anastasio Somoza Garcia takes
over presidency; 43 years of Somoza Dyansty beset by
corruption follows
Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) launch low-scale
guerilla warfare against Somoza regime
Nicaragua Earthquake
FSLN takes power and etablishes authoritarian dictatorshop
under Daniel Ortega
Contra War: FSLN Leftist Party versus Contras Rightest
counter-revolutionaries; Continues until 1989
Signing of Tel a Accord
First Nationwide Elections: National Opposition Union
Candidate Violeta Barrios de Chamorrow is eleceted
First transfer of power from one demcoratically-elected
president to another
FSLN Ortega reclaims presidency-- legitimacy of which under
major suspiscion
600,000 Homeless 150,000 Refugees
Contras War: Opposition along
Honduras Border and remote
Mosquito Region along Carribean
Nicaragua gains Independence from Spain
T
h
e
N
i
c
a
r
a
g
u
a
n
R
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
S
o
m
o
z
a
D
y
n
a
s
t
y
S
p
a
n
i
s
h
C
o
l
o
n
i
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
1400s
1524
1821
1850s
1893
1912
1936
1960
1972
1979
1979
1989
1997
2006-present
1980 Literacy Campaign
1985 Agrarian Reform
53% to 12% decline in illiteracy rate
235,000 acres redistributed to displaced peasants
Government Today:
Constitutional Democracy
executive Daniel Ortega
legislative
judiciarcy
Spanish Colonization in Granada
American Occupation of Granada
Dictator Anastasio somoza Garcia with sons
Literacy Campaign Program (1990)
3
HISTORY
CULTURE
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Leon
Managua
Granada
1.2 million living abroad
after 1980s Civil War
Indigenous population inhabited along Lake Nicaragua
Hernandez de Cordoba founds Spanish settlements
GRANADA along Lake Nicaragua and LEON located left of
Lake Managua
Political Rivalry between LIBERAL ELITE OF LEON and
CONSERVATIVE ELITE OF NICARAGUA; Managua
established as capital
Liberal power established for decades by Jose Santos Zeyla
American Occupation of Nicaragua
SOMOZA DYNASTY
National Guard Commander Anastasio Somoza Garcia takes
over presidency; 43 years of Somoza Dyansty beset by
corruption follows
Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) launch low-scale
guerilla warfare against Somoza regime
Nicaragua Earthquake
FSLN takes power and etablishes authoritarian dictatorshop
under Daniel Ortega
Contra War: FSLN Leftist Party versus Contras Rightest
counter-revolutionaries; Continues until 1989
Signing of Tel a Accord
First Nationwide Elections: National Opposition Union
Candidate Violeta Barrios de Chamorrow is eleceted
First transfer of power from one demcoratically-elected
president to another
FSLN Ortega reclaims presidency-- legitimacy of which under
major suspiscion
600,000 Homeless 150,000 Refugees
Contras War: Opposition along
Honduras Border and remote
Mosquito Region along Carribean
Nicaragua gains Independence from Spain
T
h
e
N
i
c
a
r
a
g
u
a
n
R
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
S
o
m
o
z
a
D
y
n
a
s
t
y
S
p
a
n
i
s
h
C
o
l
o
n
i
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
1400s
1524
1821
1850s
1893
1912
1936
1960
1972
1979
1979
1989
1997
2006-present
1980 Literacy Campaign
1985 Agrarian Reform
53% to 12% decline in illiteracy rate
235,000 acres redistributed to displaced peasants
Government Today:
Constitutional Democracy
executive Daniel Ortega
legislative
judiciarcy
1972 Earthquake Destruction.
US Occuation of Nicaragua.
1979 Revolution
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
95%
Nicaragua
City of Granada
5,900,000
69 % Mestizos
Additional National Demographics
57.8% Urban : 42.2% Rural
97.8 Males : 2.2 Females
Urban Population Growth Rate
(2010-2015)
1.9%
Rural Population Growth Rate
0.7%
44.7% below poverty line
7.4% unemployment rate
17% White
9% Black
5% Amerindian
95% Spanish (Nicanol)
3% Miskito
1% English
56.2%
Services
25.8% Industry
17.5%
Agriculture
1% Creole
.2% Other
239 ,017
Population Ethnography
Language
GDP by sector
FAMILY ECONOMIC INDICATIORS
Compadrazgo
$
6-8 Avergage Family
Household
DEMOGRAPHICS
DEMOGRAPHICS
3
CULTURE
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Executive
President
Jos Daniel Ortega
National
Assembly
Supreme Court
15 judges
15-year term
Supreme
Electoral Council
Vice President
Jaime Morales Carazo
5-year term
Legislative Judicial Electoral Council
Republica de Nicaragua
Alliance for the Republic (APRE)
Conservative Party (PC)
Independent Liberal Party (PL)
Liberal Constituional Party (PLC)
Nicarguan Liberal Alliance (ALN)
Sandinista National Liberation Front
(FSLN)
Sandinista Renovationa Movement
(MRS)
Political Parties
POLITICS
CULTURE
3
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
58.5% Roman Catholic
21.6% Evangelical
15.7% Irreligious
1.6 %
1.6 %
0.9 %
Moravian
Other
Jehovahs Witnesses
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
58.5%
18: Fiestas El Sauce
Holy Week
Semana Santa
1-10: Santo Domingo Managua
15: The Assumption
2: All Saints Day
8: La Purisma
7: La Griteria
25: Navidad
19-21: Fiestas San Lorg
1: Fiestas Jinotega
16: Virgen del Carmen
15-25: Fiestas Somoto
26: St. Ana Granada
DAILY LIFE RELIGION
CULTURE
3
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Fiesta Patronale, Granada All Saints' Day, Managua
El Gueuenese, Satirical Drama, Granada
Holy Saints Day, Granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
BREAKFAST
LUNCH
DINNER
DESSERT
gallo pinto
eggs
tortilla
plantains
rice and beans
cabbage salad
chicken dish
gallo pinto
chicken/pork/seafood
corn, rice, and/or beans
Platains
tres leches
gallo pinto
vigoron
tres leche
nacatamal
indio viejo
plantains
DAILY LIFE
CULTURE
3
CUISINE
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Local Merchant, Central Market, Granada
Massaya Craft Market Granada Street Market Stall
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
300,000 children of 2..8 million in Nicaragua
work versus attending school (2010 census).
53% 12%
35%
1979 Under Somoza Dictatorship 1982 Sandista Cultural Revolution
Male Net Enrollment
Illiteracy rate under 1980 Literacy Campaign
SECONDARY EDUCATION A BATTLE FOR SIXTH GRADE
WHO ARE WE DESIGNING FOR?
800 SECONDARY SCHOOL AGE STUDENTS WITHOUT ACCESS TO EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CULTURE
3
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
PRIMARY EDUCATION
93% participation (% net enrollment): MALE
95% participation (% net enrollment): FEMALE
SECONDARY EDUCATION
35% participation (% net enrollment): MALE
47% participation (% net enrollment): FEMALE
Secondary School Enrollment:
among lowest in the world
"a battle for sixth grade"
-- President Daniel Ortega
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
3
CULTURE
EDUCATION CURRENT NEWS
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
BREAKFAST
Rice, Beans, Tortilla, Fruit Juice
WALK TO SCHOOL
5 city blocks in
Granada
CLASS COURSES
Spanish
Math
Science
English
Life Education
LUNCH AT HOME
Chicken-and-Rice
Stew
AFTERNOON ACTIVITIES
MORNING ACTIVITIES
Band Practice
Soccer in the City
Streets
with Friends
FAMILY DINNER
Beans, Chicken, Salad,
Tortillas
HOMEWORK
6:00 AM
6:30 AM
7:00 AM
12:00 PM
2:00 PM
5:00 PM
7:000 PM
8:000 PM
A DAY IN A STUDENTS SHOES
A DAY IN A STUDENTS SHOES
NATIONAL EDUCATION STRUCTURE
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
UNIVERSITY
uno grado duo grado tres grado cuatro gradoseis grado
siet grado ocho grado nueve grado
diez grado once grado
Lower Secondary
Upper Secondary
Plan de estudios
age 7
age 13
age 16
age 19
Secondary School Fee: 10 CORDOBAS PER MONTH
Families with 6 children could easily be required to pay
half of their family income toward school fees
Students who cannot pay university fees
complete coursework without receving a degree
morning and afternoon shifts
Diploma de curso basico
Certifcado de grado
Bachillerato
3
CULTURE
EDUCATION
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
NATIONAL EDUCATION STRUCTURE
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
UNIVERSITY
uno grado duo grado tres grado cuatro gradoseis grado
siet grado ocho grado nueve grado
diez grado once grado
Lower Secondary
Upper Secondary
Plan de estudios
age 7
age 13
age 16
age 19
Secondary School Fee: 10 CORDOBAS PER MONTH
Families with 6 children could easily be required to pay
half of their family income toward school fees
Students who cannot pay university fees
complete coursework without receving a degree
morning and afternoon shifts
Diploma de curso basico
Certifcado de grado
Bachillerato
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CULTURE
3
OUR SITE GRANADA
CULTURE
3
Fuerte La Polvora Xalteva Cathedral
Plaza de Independencia Central Park
San Francisco Cathedral Iglesia de la Merced
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Typical Urban Home Central Granada
Granada streetscape Home and store space, Granada
Granada streetscape Dining, Granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
EL PANTANAL
CULTURE
3
OUR SITE
CULTURE
3
1
2
3
La Prussia, Granada
School Playground, Granada Outskirts
Squatter Housing, Granada Outskirts
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Granada City Center to North
City District Border
1
2
3
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
1
3
5
4
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
CULTURE
2
GCEC
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
OUR SITEAerial
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
GRANADA
LAKE NICARAGUA
VOLCAN MOMBACHO
APOYO
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Aerial
Granada
Las Isletas
Ometepe Island
Lake Nicaragua
Area: 8,264 km
2
(3,191 mi
2
)
19th largest lake in the world
Largest in Central America
Elevation: 32.7 meters (107 ft) above sea level
Depth: 25 meters (85 ft)
Drains to the Caribbean Sea through the San
Juan River
- Formed by two volcanos
rising in Lake Nicaraua.
- Largest volcanic island in a
freshwater lake in the world.
- Area: 276 km
2
- Economy: livestock, agricul-
ture, tourism
- 365 small islands of volca-
nic origin
- Formed by Volcan Mom-
bacho
- Houses the fort of San
Pablo known to historically
protect Granada
- Founded in 1524
- Rich colonial heritage
- Fifth most populated city in
Nicaragua
- Tipitapa River passes
through it on the north edge
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
OUR SITE
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
F
R
E
S
H
W
A
T
E
R
S
H
A
R
K
T
I
L
A
P
I
A
T
A
R
P
O
N
S
A
W
F
I
S
H
1
6
S
P
E
C
I
E
S
O
F
E
N
D
E
M
I
C
C
I
C
H
L
I
D
- Lake Nicaragua Shark
or Bull Shark
- ray family
- inshore coastal areas:
lagoons
estuarine
river deltas
- non-native cichlid
- aquaculture
- piscivore
- herbivore
- omnivore
- insectivore species.
- best fishing species
Ecology
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
- stratovolcano - 700 plant species
7 mi from Granada's city center
5.25 mi from Lake Nicaragua
view across lake
1344 m
cloud forest in Mombacho view from Granada
Volcan Mombacho
- last eruption: 1570
- highest regions: cloud forest
Ecology
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
SEISMIC ACTIVITY
pacific ocean
Nicaraguan Depression Graben
Cocos plate
Caribbean plate
lake managua
lake nicaragua
Esteli
Cosig ina
San Cristobal
Telica
Rota
Cerro el Ciguatepe
Volc n Azul
Cerro Negro
Las Pilas
Momotombo
Las Lajas
Apoyeque
Nejapa-Miraflores
Masaya
Granada
Mombacho
Zapatera
Concepci n
Maderas
19 VOLCANOS
MARIBIOS CHAIN
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
USGS ShakeMap: Pacific Coast of Nicaragua
Example of Earthquake effects; damage and shaking
SHAKING Not felt Weak Light Moderate Strong Very Strong Severe Violent Extreme
none
IV
V
VI
VII
I
none none very light light moderate moderate heavy very heavy
<0.05 0.3 2.8 6.2 12 22 40 75 >139
<0.02 0.1 1.4 4.7 9.6 20 41 86 >176
I II-III IV V VI VII VIII IV X+
DAMAGE
ACCELERATION
VELOCITY
INTENSITY
JUN 15, 2013 M: 6.5 Depth: 35.8 km
Nicaraguan Earthquake
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SEISMIC ACTIVITY
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
6.8 magnitude
52 km depth
5.7 magnitude
162 km depth
site
5.4 magnitude
33 km depth
5.6 magnitude
48 km depth
energy release level
amplitude of largest seismic wave
10 times the level of ground shaking
PER LEVEL:
RICHTER SCALE:
32 times the release of energy
6.1 magnitude
22 km depth
6.25 magnitude
5 km depth
Aftershocks within
an hour:
5.0 and 5.2
5,000 killed
20,000 injured
250,000 homeless
1
9
7
2
1
9
8
5
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
5
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.6
2.4
3.2
4.0
4.8
.8
Measurements taken on the Richter Scale
6.8 magnitude
52 km depth
5.7 magnitude
162 km depth
site
5.4 magnitude
33 km depth
5.6 magnitude
48 km depth
energy release level
amplitude of largest seismic wave
10 times the level of ground shaking
PER LEVEL:
RICHTER SCALE:
32 times the release of energy
6.1 magnitude
22 km depth
6.25 magnitude
5 km depth
Aftershocks within
an hour:
5.0 and 5.2
5,000 killed
20,000 injured
250,000 homeless
1
9
7
2
1
9
8
5
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
5
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.6
2.4
3.2
4.0
4.8
.8
Measurements taken on the Richter Scale
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Physiographic regions of Nicaragua and localities.
Forest regions in Nicaragua.
below 600 m above 600 m below 1200 m below 1600 m below 800 m
78-236 in above 78 in 70-102 in 50-98 in below 50 in
3 3 3-5 5-6 6-7
latosols latosols tropical brown tropical brown tropical brown,
latosols andolsols lithosols
grumolsols regolsols grumolsols
4 3 3 2 2
35-40 25-40 25-35 25-35 25
evergreen evergreen deciduous deciduous deciduous
evergreen evergreen
LOWLAND
EVERGREEN
RAIN FOREST
SEMI-EVERGREEN
FOREST
DECIDUOUS
FOREST
LOW MONTANE
RAIN FOREST
SEASONAL
EVERGREEN
RAIN FOREST
elevation
rain
dry mo.
soils
tree layers
trees
height
= (m)
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
REGIONAL ANALYSIS
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
SOILS OF VOLCANIC ASH
SOILS
BROWN TROPICAL SOILS
AND LITHOSOLS
BLACK SOILS OF THE TROPICS
SITE
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
mean annual rainfall in Nicaragua.
erosion in Nicaragua.
tropical climate
1500-2000 mm annually
October: 289 mm.
eastern Nicaragua
strong erosion
moderate erosion
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
TOPOGRAPHY Studies
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
SITE SECTIONS
site section
1
2
3
4
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Studies
SITE SECTIONS
site section
1
2
3
4
250FT
224FT
260FT
230FT
250FT
218FT
251FT
229FT
AVG SLOPE: 3.1%-3.8%
AVG SLOPE: 4.1%-3.2%
AVG SLOPE: 5.9%-4.5%
AVG SLOPE: 3.2%-2.6%
1224 FT
1548 FT
1074 FT
1334 FT
1
2
3
4
sectional information gathered from GoogleEarth.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
June-Dec: 7-9 am comfort
Dec-June: 7-9 am cooler temperatures
DECEMBER - JUNE
JUNE - DECEMBER
warm/hot
cool/cold
comfort
data taken from Climate Consultant
CLIMATE CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
Analysis
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
monthly diurinal changes
- comfort zone: 68 - 80 degrees
Farenheit
- dry bulb temperatures: 90+
global horixontal
direct normal
diffuse
- highest illumination: April
illumination range
data taken from Climate Consultant
direct normal
global horizontal - footcandles
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CLIMATE CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
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