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GCEC

CULTURE
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
1
2
3
4
5
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
GCEC
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CULTURE
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
1
2
3
4
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
PROJECT OVERVIEW
RESEARCH QUESTION
1
How can we design a scalable structure that combines the
quality of prefabricated components with the sustainable pro-
cess of on-site construction; respects the local venacular; and
develops existing assets of a community?
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
RESEARCH QUESTION
JPC
reCOVER
El Pantanal
GCEC
How can we design a scalable structure
that combines the quality of prefabricated
components with the sustainable process of
on-site construction, without importing foreign
expectations into a developing nation and taking
the local assets of the community?
univeristy public service+research progam
community partner
initiative through the
University of Virginia
School of Architecture
in the research, design
development, and
fabrication of transition
disaster relief shelters
community south of
Granada, Nicaragua that
does not have access to
basic education and job
training
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
1
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CONTEXT
apoyo lagoon
lake nicaragua
isletas de granada
mombacho
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
apoyo lagoon
lake nicaragua
isletas de granada
mombacho
lake granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
1
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CONTEXT
lake nicaragua
granada
lake nicaragua
granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
lake nicaragua
granada
lake nicaragua
granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
1
50 acres
el pantanal
to dump
to granada
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CONTEXT
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
50 acres
el pantanal
to dump
to granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
1
PROJECT OVERVIEW
OBJECTIVES
PRIMARY SCHOOL
SECONDARY SCHOOL
SMALL START UP BUSINESSES + TRADE SCHOOL
SPORTS FIELDS
HOUSING FOR GCEC TEACHERS
AGRICULTURE
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
to transform lives of spiritual and physical poverty
to change lives
to instill a sense of c o mmu n i t y
to equip young men and women
to welcome the community at large
to radiate hope
to honor local culture
to complement natural beauty
to foster a holistic approach to education
to we l c o me the community at large
to build a sense of well-being
to emulate a campus
to create a model of healthy, purposeful living
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
GCEC
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CULTURE
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
1
2
3
4
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
GCEC
OUR COMMUNITY PARTNER
2
GCEC: Serving Those With The Greatest Since 2006
Our Mission: To transform lives of spiritual and physical poverty, by and for Jesus
Christ through quality Christian Education.
The University of Virginia is looking into an innovative design for the school buildings, and John
Grisham has donated plans for a sports complex. We have received commitments for more than half
of the funds needed to complete purchase of the property, re-quired by February. A team of 9 business
leaders from Charlottesville visited in November to dis-cuss opportunities and experience frst-hand
the vision for the project. We are beginning to discuss a partnership with a large church in North
Carolina on a combination aquacul-ture/hydroponic project which could eventually help in our plan
to make the project self sustaining through businesses integrated with the trade school. In short, it has
been awesome to watch the pieces fall into place as God reveals the plans He has for Granada.
Nicaragua Base News From El Puente
Charles and Sarah Kaye Newsletter- November 12th 2013
Creative Property of the University of Virginia

Average Per Capita Income
Unemployment rate
Number of Elementary Kids in El Pantanal
Popilation of El Pantanal
Population of City of Granada
230,000
3,000
Average House Size
Number of People per House
100-150 sq. ft
10-12
$1,071
Official 8%
Unofficial 60%
Number of Students without Access to School
800
Percent of Kids Advancing to Seconday School
30%
800
Population of
230,000
Percent of Kids Advancing to Seconday School
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
2
EL PUENTE Ministries
2
GCEC
Nicaragua House of Prayer
Solo Por Hoy
Barrio Street Outreach
CHE & The Community
Library and Literacy Center
Created in 2009 by a group of volunteers, the
prayer house has a traditional "racho" style hatch
rood and rustic hand-made tile floor. The House
of Prayer wasinspired by the 24/7 prayer center
Kanasa House of Prayer. The spot offers a quiet
gathering place for prayer and reflection.
Solo Por Hoy is a group that ministers to ad-
dicts and alcoholics. Solo Por Hoy uses the 12
step AA and NA program. Often after complet-
ing the Solo Por Hoy program many members
join El punete as a missionary.
Local paters bring refreshments and offer frien-
ship to the particularly troubled areas of Grana-
da including crack houses and drug-dealing
corners. Bible study groups have been started
in the man barrios of Granada including La
Jungla.
In 2009 volunteers used two open acres of space
at the Bidge to construct raised garden beds
and raising vegetables using organic gardening
principles. In addition we have planted and are
maintaining multiple fruit trees. CHE (Community
Health Evangelism) is a ministry that integrates
evangelism and discipleship.
Located in the main building of El Puente, the
library and literacy center provides reading pro-
grams for the youth who live in nearby barrios. The
center is run by volunteers, and is also used for
retrats and workshops for neighboorhood churches
lacking sufficient meeting spaces.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
City Dump Ministry
El Jicaro Project
El Pantanal Outreach
Vida Joven
Outside Ministries
The City Dump ministry provides hot meals,
felowship through singing and sharing he Bible
and bringing medical help to those who rum-
mage through the trash around Granada, often
barefoot.
The Jicaro Project offers training, employment
and community to the youth and single mothers of
Granada's poorest barrios. Specializing
in the design and production of quality artisanal
handcrafts. Proceeds from sales help to support
these struggling families and youth.
The Bridge offers weekly outreaches of Dis-
cipleship class, sport ministry, and Bible Club
for Kids at El Pantanal. Second Staruday, a
program under CHE brings the Pantanal Com-
munity together in a health-conscious manner
such as planting trees and trash clean up.
In 2008 theBridge helped to bring the first Vida
Joven (Young Life) club to Granada. Club meets
at theBridge every Thursday evening, hosting as
many as 100 young people from the surrounding
barrios. Additional Club activities such as bible
study, and prayer meetings.
The Bridge often assists unaffiliated initiatives
throughout Granada, and often send volunteers
who may be visiting their base through short term
mission trips. Ministries include: El Fortin & Cana
Castilla Barrio Feeding Program Program, Los
Pipitos, Hogar de Ninas: Girl's Orphanage, Luz
Del Mundo Church.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SITES Granada to El Pantanal
GCEC
2
City Dump
Granada Christian Education Center
GCEC
International Christian Education Centers
ICEC
El Puente (The Bridge) El Pantanal School The Jicaro Project
Solo Por Hoy CHE and the Community Garden
y r t s i n i M p m u D y t i C n e v o J a d i V Barrio Street Outreach
Ministries Vida Joven ESL
El Pantanal School Site
The Bridge
4
.
9

K
i
l
o
m
e
t
e
r
s
City Dump
2
.
3

K
i
l
o
m
e
t
e
r
s
Nicaragua House of Prayer Library and Literacy Center
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Barrio
San Agustin
San Ignacio
El Pantanal
5O Acre Lot
N
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
2
INITAL PROJECT PHASING
GCEC
2
Sports Fields
S
c
h
o
o
l
T
a
m
a
r
i
n
d

T
r
e
e

O
r
c
h
a
r
d
Saber Trees
Trade School
Pavillion
D
o
r
m
i
t
o
r
y
Francis Umana de Blando
Boundary
San Ignacio
G
r
a
n
a
d
a

R
o
a
d

P
H
A
S
E

O
N
E

P
H
A
S
E

T
W
O
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015
Buy and prepare ~50 acres of land in
Pantanal
Build a pavilion on property to begin,
Vida Joven Club, Bible and ESL and
other classes while the school is being
Clear sports fields
Provide enrolling students with ESL
and Bible classes
Hire and train teachers in Bible and
educational process
Begin sports ministry
Build at least one building with 9
classrooms
Begin technical skills training
Begin secondary school with 7th grade
Begin elementary school for K and 1st
grade
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Sports Fields
S
c
h
o
o
l
T
a
m
a
r
i
n
d

T
r
e
e

O
r
c
h
a
r
d
Saber Trees
Trade School
Pavillion
D
o
r
m
i
t
o
r
y
Francis Umana de Blando
Boundary
San Ignacio
G
r
a
n
a
d
a

R
o
a
d

P
H
A
S
E

O
N
E

P
H
A
S
E

T
W
O
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015
Buy and prepare ~50 acres of land in
Pantanal
Build a pavilion on property to begin,
Vida Joven Club, Bible and ESL and
other classes while the school is being
Clear sports fields
Provide enrolling students with ESL
and Bible classes
Hire and train teachers in Bible and
educational process
Begin sports ministry
Build at least one building with 9
classrooms
Begin technical skills training
Begin secondary school with 7th grade
Begin elementary school for K and 1st
grade
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
GCEC
THE PAVILLION Construction
2
Dimensions
Pavillion: 40'x 78'
Eucalyptus columns:
10" diameter
Trusses: 8" diameter
Overhang: 3'
Ground to Bottom of Low
Roof: 8'
Ground to the Bottom of the
High Roof: 12'
Ground to Ridge of High
Roof: 25'
20 Meters
Side View End View
Kitchen
12 meters
4 Meters
Meeting Space
Storage
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
View From Site
Roof Construction
Finished Well Well Construction
Talent Show in The Pavillion
The Pavillion during Sunrise
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
GCEC
PROJECT OVERVIEW
CULTURE
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
1
2
3
4
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Leon
Managua
Granada
1.2 million living abroad
after 1980s Civil War
Indigenous population inhabited along Lake Nicaragua
Hernandez de Cordoba founds Spanish settlements
GRANADA along Lake Nicaragua and LEON located left of
Lake Managua
Political Rivalry between LIBERAL ELITE OF LEON and
CONSERVATIVE ELITE OF NICARAGUA; Managua
established as capital
Liberal power established for decades by Jose Santos Zeyla
American Occupation of Nicaragua
SOMOZA DYNASTY
National Guard Commander Anastasio Somoza Garcia takes
over presidency; 43 years of Somoza Dyansty beset by
corruption follows
Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) launch low-scale
guerilla warfare against Somoza regime
Nicaragua Earthquake
FSLN takes power and etablishes authoritarian dictatorshop
under Daniel Ortega
Contra War: FSLN Leftist Party versus Contras Rightest
counter-revolutionaries; Continues until 1989
Signing of Tel a Accord
First Nationwide Elections: National Opposition Union
Candidate Violeta Barrios de Chamorrow is eleceted
First transfer of power from one demcoratically-elected
president to another
FSLN Ortega reclaims presidency-- legitimacy of which under
major suspiscion
600,000 Homeless 150,000 Refugees
Contras War: Opposition along
Honduras Border and remote
Mosquito Region along Carribean
Nicaragua gains Independence from Spain
T
h
e

N
i
c
a
r
a
g
u
a
n

R
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
S
o
m
o
z
a

D
y
n
a
s
t
y
S
p
a
n
i
s
h

C
o
l
o
n
i
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
1400s
1524
1821
1850s
1893
1912
1936
1960
1972
1979
1979
1989
1997
2006-present
1980 Literacy Campaign
1985 Agrarian Reform
53% to 12% decline in illiteracy rate
235,000 acres redistributed to displaced peasants
Government Today:
Constitutional Democracy
executive Daniel Ortega
legislative
judiciarcy
Spanish Colonization in Granada
American Occupation of Granada
Dictator Anastasio somoza Garcia with sons
Literacy Campaign Program (1990)
3
HISTORY
CULTURE
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Leon
Managua
Granada
1.2 million living abroad
after 1980s Civil War
Indigenous population inhabited along Lake Nicaragua
Hernandez de Cordoba founds Spanish settlements
GRANADA along Lake Nicaragua and LEON located left of
Lake Managua
Political Rivalry between LIBERAL ELITE OF LEON and
CONSERVATIVE ELITE OF NICARAGUA; Managua
established as capital
Liberal power established for decades by Jose Santos Zeyla
American Occupation of Nicaragua
SOMOZA DYNASTY
National Guard Commander Anastasio Somoza Garcia takes
over presidency; 43 years of Somoza Dyansty beset by
corruption follows
Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) launch low-scale
guerilla warfare against Somoza regime
Nicaragua Earthquake
FSLN takes power and etablishes authoritarian dictatorshop
under Daniel Ortega
Contra War: FSLN Leftist Party versus Contras Rightest
counter-revolutionaries; Continues until 1989
Signing of Tel a Accord
First Nationwide Elections: National Opposition Union
Candidate Violeta Barrios de Chamorrow is eleceted
First transfer of power from one demcoratically-elected
president to another
FSLN Ortega reclaims presidency-- legitimacy of which under
major suspiscion
600,000 Homeless 150,000 Refugees
Contras War: Opposition along
Honduras Border and remote
Mosquito Region along Carribean
Nicaragua gains Independence from Spain
T
h
e

N
i
c
a
r
a
g
u
a
n

R
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
S
o
m
o
z
a

D
y
n
a
s
t
y
S
p
a
n
i
s
h

C
o
l
o
n
i
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
1400s
1524
1821
1850s
1893
1912
1936
1960
1972
1979
1979
1989
1997
2006-present
1980 Literacy Campaign
1985 Agrarian Reform
53% to 12% decline in illiteracy rate
235,000 acres redistributed to displaced peasants
Government Today:
Constitutional Democracy
executive Daniel Ortega
legislative
judiciarcy
1972 Earthquake Destruction.
US Occuation of Nicaragua.
1979 Revolution
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
95%
Nicaragua
City of Granada
5,900,000
69 % Mestizos
Additional National Demographics
57.8% Urban : 42.2% Rural
97.8 Males : 2.2 Females
Urban Population Growth Rate
(2010-2015)
1.9%
Rural Population Growth Rate
0.7%
44.7% below poverty line
7.4% unemployment rate
17% White
9% Black
5% Amerindian
95% Spanish (Nicanol)
3% Miskito
1% English
56.2%
Services
25.8% Industry
17.5%
Agriculture
1% Creole
.2% Other
239 ,017
Population Ethnography
Language
GDP by sector
FAMILY ECONOMIC INDICATIORS
Compadrazgo
$
6-8 Avergage Family
Household
DEMOGRAPHICS
DEMOGRAPHICS
3
CULTURE
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Executive
President
Jos Daniel Ortega
National
Assembly
Supreme Court
15 judges
15-year term
Supreme
Electoral Council
Vice President
Jaime Morales Carazo
5-year term
Legislative Judicial Electoral Council
Republica de Nicaragua
Alliance for the Republic (APRE)
Conservative Party (PC)
Independent Liberal Party (PL)
Liberal Constituional Party (PLC)
Nicarguan Liberal Alliance (ALN)
Sandinista National Liberation Front
(FSLN)
Sandinista Renovationa Movement
(MRS)
Political Parties
POLITICS
CULTURE
3
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
58.5% Roman Catholic
21.6% Evangelical
15.7% Irreligious
1.6 %
1.6 %
0.9 %
Moravian
Other
Jehovahs Witnesses
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
58.5%
18: Fiestas El Sauce
Holy Week
Semana Santa
1-10: Santo Domingo Managua
15: The Assumption
2: All Saints Day
8: La Purisma
7: La Griteria
25: Navidad
19-21: Fiestas San Lorg
1: Fiestas Jinotega
16: Virgen del Carmen
15-25: Fiestas Somoto
26: St. Ana Granada
DAILY LIFE RELIGION
CULTURE
3
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Fiesta Patronale, Granada All Saints' Day, Managua
El Gueuenese, Satirical Drama, Granada
Holy Saints Day, Granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
BREAKFAST
LUNCH
DINNER
DESSERT
gallo pinto
eggs
tortilla
plantains
rice and beans
cabbage salad
chicken dish
gallo pinto
chicken/pork/seafood
corn, rice, and/or beans
Platains
tres leches
gallo pinto
vigoron
tres leche
nacatamal
indio viejo
plantains
DAILY LIFE
CULTURE
3
CUISINE
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Local Merchant, Central Market, Granada
Massaya Craft Market Granada Street Market Stall
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
300,000 children of 2..8 million in Nicaragua
work versus attending school (2010 census).
53% 12%
35%
1979 Under Somoza Dictatorship 1982 Sandista Cultural Revolution
Male Net Enrollment
Illiteracy rate under 1980 Literacy Campaign
SECONDARY EDUCATION A BATTLE FOR SIXTH GRADE
WHO ARE WE DESIGNING FOR?
800 SECONDARY SCHOOL AGE STUDENTS WITHOUT ACCESS TO EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CULTURE
3
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
PRIMARY EDUCATION
93% participation (% net enrollment): MALE
95% participation (% net enrollment): FEMALE
SECONDARY EDUCATION
35% participation (% net enrollment): MALE
47% participation (% net enrollment): FEMALE
Secondary School Enrollment:
among lowest in the world
"a battle for sixth grade"
-- President Daniel Ortega
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
3
CULTURE
EDUCATION CURRENT NEWS
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
BREAKFAST
Rice, Beans, Tortilla, Fruit Juice
WALK TO SCHOOL
5 city blocks in
Granada
CLASS COURSES
Spanish
Math
Science
English
Life Education
LUNCH AT HOME
Chicken-and-Rice
Stew
AFTERNOON ACTIVITIES
MORNING ACTIVITIES
Band Practice
Soccer in the City
Streets
with Friends
FAMILY DINNER
Beans, Chicken, Salad,
Tortillas
HOMEWORK
6:00 AM
6:30 AM
7:00 AM
12:00 PM
2:00 PM
5:00 PM
7:000 PM
8:000 PM
A DAY IN A STUDENTS SHOES
A DAY IN A STUDENTS SHOES
NATIONAL EDUCATION STRUCTURE
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
UNIVERSITY
uno grado duo grado tres grado cuatro gradoseis grado
siet grado ocho grado nueve grado
diez grado once grado
Lower Secondary
Upper Secondary
Plan de estudios
age 7
age 13
age 16
age 19
Secondary School Fee: 10 CORDOBAS PER MONTH
Families with 6 children could easily be required to pay
half of their family income toward school fees
Students who cannot pay university fees
complete coursework without receving a degree
morning and afternoon shifts
Diploma de curso basico
Certifcado de grado
Bachillerato
3
CULTURE
EDUCATION
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
NATIONAL EDUCATION STRUCTURE
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
UNIVERSITY
uno grado duo grado tres grado cuatro gradoseis grado
siet grado ocho grado nueve grado
diez grado once grado
Lower Secondary
Upper Secondary
Plan de estudios
age 7
age 13
age 16
age 19
Secondary School Fee: 10 CORDOBAS PER MONTH
Families with 6 children could easily be required to pay
half of their family income toward school fees
Students who cannot pay university fees
complete coursework without receving a degree
morning and afternoon shifts
Diploma de curso basico
Certifcado de grado
Bachillerato
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CULTURE
3
OUR SITE GRANADA
CULTURE
3
Fuerte La Polvora Xalteva Cathedral
Plaza de Independencia Central Park
San Francisco Cathedral Iglesia de la Merced
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Typical Urban Home Central Granada
Granada streetscape Home and store space, Granada
Granada streetscape Dining, Granada
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
EL PANTANAL
CULTURE
3
OUR SITE
CULTURE
3
1
2
3
La Prussia, Granada
School Playground, Granada Outskirts
Squatter Housing, Granada Outskirts
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Granada City Center to North
City District Border
1
2
3
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
1
3
5
4
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
CULTURE
2
GCEC
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
OUR SITEAerial
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
GRANADA
LAKE NICARAGUA
VOLCAN MOMBACHO
APOYO
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Aerial
Granada
Las Isletas
Ometepe Island
Lake Nicaragua
Area: 8,264 km
2
(3,191 mi
2
)
19th largest lake in the world
Largest in Central America
Elevation: 32.7 meters (107 ft) above sea level
Depth: 25 meters (85 ft)
Drains to the Caribbean Sea through the San
Juan River
- Formed by two volcanos
rising in Lake Nicaraua.
- Largest volcanic island in a
freshwater lake in the world.
- Area: 276 km
2
- Economy: livestock, agricul-
ture, tourism
- 365 small islands of volca-
nic origin
- Formed by Volcan Mom-
bacho
- Houses the fort of San
Pablo known to historically
protect Granada
- Founded in 1524
- Rich colonial heritage
- Fifth most populated city in
Nicaragua
- Tipitapa River passes
through it on the north edge
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
OUR SITE
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
F
R
E
S
H
W
A
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E
R

S
H
A
R
K
T
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1
6

S
P
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C
I
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S

O
F

E
N
D
E
M
I
C

C
I
C
H
L
I
D

- Lake Nicaragua Shark
or Bull Shark
- ray family
- inshore coastal areas:
lagoons
estuarine
river deltas
- non-native cichlid
- aquaculture
- piscivore
- herbivore
- omnivore
- insectivore species.
- best fishing species
Ecology
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
- stratovolcano - 700 plant species
7 mi from Granada's city center
5.25 mi from Lake Nicaragua
view across lake
1344 m
cloud forest in Mombacho view from Granada
Volcan Mombacho
- last eruption: 1570
- highest regions: cloud forest
Ecology
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
SEISMIC ACTIVITY
pacific ocean
Nicaraguan Depression Graben
Cocos plate
Caribbean plate
lake managua
lake nicaragua
Esteli
Cosig ina
San Cristobal
Telica
Rota
Cerro el Ciguatepe
Volc n Azul
Cerro Negro
Las Pilas
Momotombo
Las Lajas
Apoyeque
Nejapa-Miraflores
Masaya
Granada
Mombacho
Zapatera
Concepci n
Maderas
19 VOLCANOS
MARIBIOS CHAIN
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
USGS ShakeMap: Pacific Coast of Nicaragua
Example of Earthquake effects; damage and shaking
SHAKING Not felt Weak Light Moderate Strong Very Strong Severe Violent Extreme
none
IV
V
VI
VII
I
none none very light light moderate moderate heavy very heavy
<0.05 0.3 2.8 6.2 12 22 40 75 >139
<0.02 0.1 1.4 4.7 9.6 20 41 86 >176
I II-III IV V VI VII VIII IV X+
DAMAGE
ACCELERATION
VELOCITY
INTENSITY
JUN 15, 2013 M: 6.5 Depth: 35.8 km
Nicaraguan Earthquake
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SEISMIC ACTIVITY
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
6.8 magnitude
52 km depth
5.7 magnitude
162 km depth
site
5.4 magnitude
33 km depth
5.6 magnitude
48 km depth
energy release level
amplitude of largest seismic wave
10 times the level of ground shaking
PER LEVEL:
RICHTER SCALE:
32 times the release of energy
6.1 magnitude
22 km depth
6.25 magnitude
5 km depth
Aftershocks within
an hour:
5.0 and 5.2
5,000 killed
20,000 injured
250,000 homeless
1
9
7
2
1
9
8
5
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
5
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.6
2.4
3.2
4.0
4.8
.8
Measurements taken on the Richter Scale
6.8 magnitude
52 km depth
5.7 magnitude
162 km depth
site
5.4 magnitude
33 km depth
5.6 magnitude
48 km depth
energy release level
amplitude of largest seismic wave
10 times the level of ground shaking
PER LEVEL:
RICHTER SCALE:
32 times the release of energy
6.1 magnitude
22 km depth
6.25 magnitude
5 km depth
Aftershocks within
an hour:
5.0 and 5.2
5,000 killed
20,000 injured
250,000 homeless
1
9
7
2
1
9
8
5
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
5
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.6
2.4
3.2
4.0
4.8
.8
Measurements taken on the Richter Scale
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Physiographic regions of Nicaragua and localities.
Forest regions in Nicaragua.
below 600 m above 600 m below 1200 m below 1600 m below 800 m
78-236 in above 78 in 70-102 in 50-98 in below 50 in
3 3 3-5 5-6 6-7
latosols latosols tropical brown tropical brown tropical brown,
latosols andolsols lithosols
grumolsols regolsols grumolsols
4 3 3 2 2
35-40 25-40 25-35 25-35 25
evergreen evergreen deciduous deciduous deciduous
evergreen evergreen
LOWLAND
EVERGREEN
RAIN FOREST
SEMI-EVERGREEN
FOREST
DECIDUOUS
FOREST
LOW MONTANE
RAIN FOREST
SEASONAL
EVERGREEN
RAIN FOREST
elevation
rain
dry mo.
soils
tree layers
trees
height
= (m)
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
REGIONAL ANALYSIS
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
SOILS OF VOLCANIC ASH
SOILS
BROWN TROPICAL SOILS
AND LITHOSOLS
BLACK SOILS OF THE TROPICS
SITE
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
mean annual rainfall in Nicaragua.
erosion in Nicaragua.
tropical climate
1500-2000 mm annually
October: 289 mm.
eastern Nicaragua
strong erosion
moderate erosion
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
TOPOGRAPHY Studies
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
SITE SECTIONS
site section
1
2
3
4
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Studies
SITE SECTIONS
site section
1
2
3
4
250FT
224FT
260FT
230FT
250FT
218FT
251FT
229FT
AVG SLOPE: 3.1%-3.8%
AVG SLOPE: 4.1%-3.2%
AVG SLOPE: 5.9%-4.5%
AVG SLOPE: 3.2%-2.6%
1224 FT
1548 FT
1074 FT
1334 FT
1
2
3
4
sectional information gathered from GoogleEarth.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
June-Dec: 7-9 am comfort
Dec-June: 7-9 am cooler temperatures
DECEMBER - JUNE
JUNE - DECEMBER
warm/hot
cool/cold
comfort
data taken from Climate Consultant
CLIMATE CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
Analysis
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
monthly diurinal changes
- comfort zone: 68 - 80 degrees
Farenheit
- dry bulb temperatures: 90+
global horixontal
direct normal
diffuse
- highest illumination: April
illumination range
data taken from Climate Consultant
direct normal
global horizontal - footcandles
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CLIMATE CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
T
E
M
P
H
U
M
I
D
I
T
Y
G
R
O
U
N
D

T
E
M
P
R
A
I
N
F
A
L
L
C
L
O
U
D
S

dry season rainy season


JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
58%
0 in 0.01in 6.0 in 7.0 in 5.0 in 7.0 in 1.0 in 0 in 8.0 in 7.0 in
lowest avg
highest avg
0 in
35% 46% 41% 42% 77% 81% 71% 81% 82% 68% 45% 85%
0 in per day
0 days 1 day 0 days 9 days 7 days 1 day 0 days 4 days 3 days 5 days 5 days 1 day
60% 57% 56% 68% 70% 57% 68% 68% 61% 83% 83%
90
71 AVG NIGHT TEMP
89 87 84 82 85 85 86 82 87 84
82 82 81
77 77 77 79 80 79 65 81 81
80
T
E
M
P
H
U
M
I
D
I
T
Y
G
R
O
U
N
D

T
E
M
P
R
A
I
N
F
A
L
L
C
L
O
U
D
S

dry season rainy season


JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
58%
0 in 0.01in 6.0 in 7.0 in 5.0 in 7.0 in 1.0 in 0 in 8.0 in 7.0 in
lowest avg
highest avg
0 in
35% 46% 41% 42% 77% 81% 71% 81% 82% 68% 45% 85%
0 in per day
0 days 1 day 0 days 9 days 7 days 1 day 0 days 4 days 3 days 5 days 5 days 1 day
60% 57% 56% 68% 70% 57% 68% 68% 61% 83% 83%
90
71 AVG NIGHT TEMP
89 87 84 82 85 85 86 82 87 84
82 82 81
77 77 77 79 80 79 65 81 81
80
Analysis
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
T
E
M
P
H
U
M
I
D
I
T
Y
G
R
O
U
N
D

T
E
M
P
R
A
I
N
F
A
L
L
C
L
O
U
D
S

dry season rainy season


JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
58%
0 in 0.01in 6.0 in 7.0 in 5.0 in 7.0 in 1.0 in 0 in 8.0 in 7.0 in
lowest avg
highest avg
0 in
35% 46% 41% 42% 77% 81% 71% 81% 82% 68% 45% 85%
0 in per day
0 days 1 day 0 days 9 days 7 days 1 day 0 days 4 days 3 days 5 days 5 days 1 day
60% 57% 56% 68% 70% 57% 68% 68% 61% 83% 83%
90
71 AVG NIGHT TEMP
89 87 84 82 85 85 86 82 87 84
82 82 81
77 77 77 79 80 79 65 81 81
80
T
E
M
P
H
U
M
I
D
I
T
Y
G
R
O
U
N
D

T
E
M
P
R
A
I
N
F
A
L
L
C
L
O
U
D
S

dry season rainy season


JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
58%
0 in 0.01in 6.0 in 7.0 in 5.0 in 7.0 in 1.0 in 0 in 8.0 in 7.0 in
lowest avg
highest avg
0 in
35% 46% 41% 42% 77% 81% 71% 81% 82% 68% 45% 85%
0 in per day
0 days 1 day 0 days 9 days 7 days 1 day 0 days 4 days 3 days 5 days 5 days 1 day
60% 57% 56% 68% 70% 57% 68% 68% 61% 83% 83%
90
71 AVG NIGHT TEMP
89 87 84 82 85 85 86 82 87 84
82 82 81
77 77 77 79 80 79 65 81 81
80
T
E
M
P
H
U
M
I
D
I
T
Y
G
R
O
U
N
D

T
E
M
P
R
A
I
N
F
A
L
L
C
L
O
U
D
S

dry season rainy season


JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
58%
0 in 0.01in 6.0 in 7.0 in 5.0 in 7.0 in 1.0 in 0 in 8.0 in 7.0 in
lowest avg
highest avg
0 in
35% 46% 41% 42% 77% 81% 71% 81% 82% 68% 45% 85%
0 in per day
0 days 1 day 0 days 9 days 7 days 1 day 0 days 4 days 3 days 5 days 5 days 1 day
60% 57% 56% 68% 70% 57% 68% 68% 61% 83% 83%
90
71 AVG NIGHT TEMP
89 87 84 82 85 85 86 82 87 84
82 82 81
77 77 77 79 80 79 65 81 81
80
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
WIND ANALYSIS
YEAR AVERAGES
SCHOOL DAY AVERAGES
HOTTEST MONTH AVERAGES
MARCH-APRIL
SOURCE: CLIMATE CONSULTANT DATA
CLIMATE CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
data taken from Climate Consultant
WIND ANALYSIS
YEAR AVERAGES
SCHOOL DAY AVERAGES
HOTTEST MONTH AVERAGES
MARCH-APRIL
SOURCE: CLIMATE CONSULTANT DATA
WIND ANALYSIS
YEAR AVERAGES
SCHOOL DAY AVERAGES
HOTTEST MONTH AVERAGES
MARCH-APRIL
SOURCE: CLIMATE CONSULTANT DATA
Wind
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
20 MPH
HUMIDITY > 70%
WIND TEMP 69-81
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
15 MPH
HUMIDITY > 70%
WIND TEMP 81-100
YEAR SCHOOL DAY MARCH-APRIL
EASTERN WIND
NORTHERN WIND
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
20 MPH
HUMIDITY > 70%
WIND TEMP 69-81
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
15 MPH
HUMIDITY > 70%
WIND TEMP 81-100
YEAR
SCHOOL DAY MARCH-APRIL
EASTERN WIND
NORTHERN WIND
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
20 MPH
HUMIDITY > 70%
WIND TEMP 69-81
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
15 MPH
HUMIDITY > 70%
WIND TEMP 81-100
YEAR
SCHOOL DAY MARCH-APRIL
EASTERN WIND
NORTHERN WIND
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
20 MPH
HUMIDITY > 70%
WIND TEMP 69-81
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
15 MPH
HUMIDITY > 70%
WIND TEMP 81-100
YEAR
SCHOOL DAY MARCH-APRIL
EASTERN WIND
NORTHERN WIND
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
20 MPH
HUMIDITY > 70%
WIND TEMP 69-81
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
55 MPH
30-70% HUMIDITY
WIND TEMP 81-100
15 MPH
HUMIDITY > 70%
WIND TEMP 81-100
YEAR
SCHOOL DAY MARCH-APRIL
EASTERN WIND
NORTHERN WIND
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
FARMING
OPPORTUNITIES INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM
Participation in a pilot program for community development in Granada, helping local farmers with plaint-
ing and gaining access to markets. Most of the farmers in Granada grow yucca, hibisucs, tamarind or
beans.
"Impoverished farmers living hand-to-mouth have lit-
tle chance of selling yucca for a profit. There are too
many barriers. As such, they end up as price takers in
a precarious market."
Opportunity Volunteers help a farmer dry hibiscus leaves
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
PLANTS
grow
dig up
carry
Men dig up and carry yucca.
Woman wash the yucca.
Yucca drying process.
300 farmers in the program
best margin from yucca
wash and scrub

grinder
fill a large funnel
jam a stick into the funnel
scoop the pump out
shovel pulp
into the sack
T sun-drying
animal feed
sold as a starch
YUCCA PROCESS
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY|
4
PLANTS
PLANT CATELOG
F
R
U
I
T
S
T
R
E
E
S
JACOTE
BURSERA
SIMARUBA
CALYCOPHYLLUM
CANDIDISSIMUM
CASSIA
GRANDIS
pink shower
rain tree
lemonwood
gumbo-limbo
spiny cedar
BOMBACOPSIS
QUINATUM
PITHECOLOBIUM
SAMAN
hand-fruit, ingredient for food hand-furit, salads, marmalades juice, sweets, jelly, wine, vinegar
DEC - APRIL
OCT - FEB YEAR ROUND
YEAR ROUND MAY - AUG
DRY
DRY
TAMARINDO TREE HIBISCUS YUCCA
orchard located at south edge of site fowers, starch, four, animal feed
YEAR ROUND
jellies, teas, wines
up to 20 meters in height + produce fruit after 6 years
DEC - MARCH
SABRE
TREE
up to 70 meters tall
WET LOW-LYING
LOW-LYING
JULY - SEPT
drink, organic fertilizer, ingred.
drink, sweets, oils, fbers
MAMMEE APPLE CASHEW
COFFEE
COCONUT
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
V
E

P
L
A
N
T
S
Catalog
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
PLANT CATELOG
F
R
U
I
T
S
T
R
E
E
S
JACOTE
BURSERA
SIMARUBA
CALYCOPHYLLUM
CANDIDISSIMUM
CASSIA
GRANDIS
pink shower
rain tree
lemonwood
gumbo-limbo
spiny cedar
BOMBACOPSIS
QUINATUM
PITHECOLOBIUM
SAMAN
hand-fruit, ingredient for food hand-furit, salads, marmalades juice, sweets, jelly, wine, vinegar
DEC - APRIL
OCT - FEB YEAR ROUND
YEAR ROUND MAY - AUG
DRY
DRY
TAMARINDO TREE HIBISCUS YUCCA
orchard located at south edge of site fowers, starch, four, animal feed
YEAR ROUND
jellies, teas, wines
up to 20 meters in height + produce fruit after 6 years
DEC - MARCH
SABRE
TREE
up to 70 meters tall
WET LOW-LYING
LOW-LYING
JULY - SEPT
drink, organic fertilizer, ingred.
drink, sweets, oils, fbers
MAMMEE APPLE CASHEW
COFFEE
COCONUT
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
V
E

P
L
A
N
T
S
PLANT CATELOG
F
R
U
I
T
S
T
R
E
E
S
JACOTE
BURSERA
SIMARUBA
CALYCOPHYLLUM
CANDIDISSIMUM
CASSIA
GRANDIS
pink shower
rain tree
lemonwood
gumbo-limbo
spiny cedar
BOMBACOPSIS
QUINATUM
PITHECOLOBIUM
SAMAN
hand-fruit, ingredient for food hand-furit, salads, marmalades juice, sweets, jelly, wine, vinegar
DEC - APRIL
OCT - FEB YEAR ROUND
YEAR ROUND MAY - AUG
DRY
DRY
TAMARINDO TREE HIBISCUS YUCCA
orchard located at south edge of site fowers, starch, four, animal feed
YEAR ROUND
jellies, teas, wines
up to 20 meters in height + produce fruit after 6 years
DEC - MARCH
SABRE
TREE
up to 70 meters tall
WET LOW-LYING
LOW-LYING
JULY - SEPT
drink, organic fertilizer, ingred.
drink, sweets, oils, fbers
MAMMEE APPLE CASHEW
COFFEE
COCONUT
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
V
E

P
L
A
N
T
S
PLANT CATELOG
F
R
U
I
T
S
T
R
E
E
S
JACOTE
BURSERA
SIMARUBA
CALYCOPHYLLUM
CANDIDISSIMUM
CASSIA
GRANDIS
pink shower
rain tree
lemonwood
gumbo-limbo
spiny cedar
BOMBACOPSIS
QUINATUM
PITHECOLOBIUM
SAMAN
hand-fruit, ingredient for food hand-furit, salads, marmalades juice, sweets, jelly, wine, vinegar
DEC - APRIL
OCT - FEB YEAR ROUND
YEAR ROUND MAY - AUG
DRY
DRY
TAMARINDO TREE HIBISCUS YUCCA
orchard located at south edge of site fowers, starch, four, animal feed
YEAR ROUND
jellies, teas, wines
up to 20 meters in height + produce fruit after 6 years
DEC - MARCH
SABRE
TREE
up to 70 meters tall
WET LOW-LYING
LOW-LYING
JULY - SEPT
drink, organic fertilizer, ingred.
drink, sweets, oils, fbers
MAMMEE APPLE CASHEW
COFFEE
COCONUT
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
V
E

P
L
A
N
T
S
AVACADO
JUNE-OCT
guacamole, oils snack, vinegar, vitamins
YEAR ROUND
BANANA
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
5
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
1
3
4
CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
CULTURE
2
GCEC
EL PANTANAL
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
RESEARCH_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
THE BASICS
Timber Framing
Both milled and
unmilled lumber
Bamboo Construction
Difficult to procure, but
highly sustainable
Adobe Brick
Primary vernacular
construction
Taquezal (Composite
Wood & Earth)
Most common in
Granada
Rammed Earth
Component of many
homes and
landscaping features
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Concrete as a building material is readily
available in Nicaragua, but is highly
misused and not appropriate for the
climate. Producers of concrete use
propaganda as a marketing ploy in order
to standardize the material. Concrete
is still appropriate and useful as a
component of a proper foundation for a
building. Cinderblocks are actually more
common than slab construction.
Interestingly, volcanic rock and
compressed ash are commonly used as
retaining walls in El Pantanal.
Some of the basic challenges when
constructing a building are access to
utilities, the strict harvesting of wood
and procurement of other materials, and
producing a building that is up to
structural code when there are few
guidelines to follow.
Materials are commonly attained
through a third party vendor that will
import materials not produced in
Nicaragua.
The rules for construction in Nicaragua
are condensed in a booklet called
"Cartilla de Construccion."
The Nicaraguan Association of
Architects and Builders has a website
with information on prices, locations of
places selling construction materials and
general information about
construction materials.
http://www.construccion.com.ni/
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CLIMATIC DESIGN
Natural Building Primer
"In marsh or swamp regions, the houses
are built on pillars. The roof structure is
separate from the structure supporting
floor and walls. This technique removes
the roof weight from the walls, which can
be damaged when the house moves
slightly in the unstable ground."
Although the use of bamboo in rural
Nicaragua is sparse, it could prove
useful as an effecient cladding system
for earthen walls
The staging process, as
diagrammed by Johan Van Lengen
includes:
1 - delivery area of the materials
2 - depot for gravel and sand
3- depot for cement and wood
4 - workshop and equipment
5 - access to the construction site
6 - construction site
Lengen, Johan Van. The Barefoot Ar-
chitect: A Handbook for Green Building.
Bolinas, CA, U.S.A: Shelter Publica-
tions, 2008. Print.
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Van Lengen diagrams the making of
adobe bricks from preparing the earth to
testing and refining the bricks
Step 1
Excavate the earth
Step 2
Cover the earth mound with straw
Step 3
Add a 10cm layer of sand and
manure. The maure increases the
durability of the brick and deters termites
and other bugs from
penetrating the walls
Step 4
Remove one or two wheelbarrows, add
water and mix
Step 5
Mix all the materials together by treading
with bare feet
The brick should be sprayed with water
throughout the drying process, and
turned on their side after the first two
days.
Imbedding hollow materials in to the
mold when packing the adobe will
produce a lighter brick.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
EARTHEN WORKS
Earthen Endeavors is headed by Liz
Johndrow, a teacher and proponent
of natural building techniques in many
parts of Nicaragua
http://www.earthenendeavors.com/
Solar Youth Building
"It becomes more challenging to sell the
idea of earthen buildings as something
desirable when cement seems so clean,
marketable, and easy. But there are
enough cement renders failing and
super-hot houses to steer people back
towards the comfort and affordability of
earthen building. And it's
amazing what some good quality finish
work can do to promote this cause!"
"There is little to absorb and buffer the effects of changing climate. It hits
deeply and immediately in the land, which is everything in these
communities; their source of food, fuel, income, water, you name it.
Malnutrition, if not hunger or starvation, can quickly enter the picture and illness follows. And there are
circumstances (of the political nature) still at play that can lead them towards further ecological
devastation, which at some point makes resiliency less and less possible."
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Adobe Youth Center in Sabana Grande
"One of the challenges I have seen with
adobe and
'modernizing' it with plasters is poor
preparation, proper
hydration of the substrate, and
insufficient understanding of how
plasters work well."
"We began the project with leveling the
site by hand. Once the trench was dug it
was time to build the stone and suelo
cemento mortero foundation. The mortar
is six parts clay based soil and one part
cement. This allows for the foundation to
absorb the tectonic uplift forces through
it's flexibility from the earthen element.
The proportion of stone to mortar is
about 50%-50%."
"We had one thousand adobes bricks,
built to the standard for adobe mejorado,
sized for seismic strength at 14x14x4
inches. Also several yards of river sand,
several more yards of red clay based
soil, and dozens of bags of burril and
rice straw. Our walls were built to be in
height, no more than 8x the width of the
bricks. This provides a more stable wall
system."
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
TAQUEZAL
Taquezal Buildings in Nicaragua and
Their Earthquake
Performance
Lisa Holliday -
University of Oklahoma
Thomas H.-K. Kang -
Seoul National University
Kyran D. Mish -
Sandia National Laboratories
A Taquezel building is composed of a
timber frame packed with mud and clay
bricks
Seismic activity in Nicaragua
During 1972 Managua earthquake
nearly 10,000 people died, most in
Taquezal buildings
The report highlights a debate among
engineers about structural integrity of
the Taquezal building type
This report demonstrates that the failure
of these buildings was a result of a
number of factors related to construction
and maintenance of the building
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
The Taquezal building type is preferable
to an earthen structure because it has
less mass, and experiences less seismic
forces caused by inertial acceleration
during an earthquake
Seismic records show that between
1520-1973 there were 452 recorded
events, 99 of which were destructive as
defined by a magnitude greater than 6.
Material and structural study was based
on observational and simulated data
-study found the compressive strength
of a standard brick
-modeled the framing of the building
based on typical construction found on
site
Issues identified by observational data
-The ties between members were not
always found to be structurally sound
-Lack of maintenance for structural
posts due to rotting or infestation (can
be improved by separating timber frame
from the ground)
-It was found using lighter material for
roofing (e.g. lighter than clay tiles) would
reduce the potential destructive load
Holliday, Lisa, Ph.D., Thomas H.
Kang, Ph.D., and Kyran D. Mish, Ph.D.
"Taquezal Buildings in Nicaragua and
Their Earthquake Performance." Journal
of Performance of Constructed Facilities
(2012)
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
CO2 BAMBU
What does C02 Bambu do?
C02 Bambu serves
marginalized populations in remote
areas of Nicaragua and post-disaster
regions. They construct sustainable
housing using guadua bamboo as the
primary raw material.
CO2 Bambu facilitates
community development by creating
jobs and sustaining ecologically
beneficial harvesting practices
They aim to be the provider of choice
for post-disaster housing beyond rural
Nicaragua. Their view on replacement
housing isn't a temporary one, but
rather, "a permanent solution to crisis."
LOCAL BUILDING PRACTICES
5
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
What's the impact?
Because bamboo is abundant in tropical
environments it is an ideal alternative to
timber frame construction. In
junction with low-cost construction,
bamboo framing is an efficient method
for quick disaster relief housing.
CO2 Bambu addresses Latin America's
large and growing housing deficit by
creating self-sustaining local bamboo
economies through partnerships with
both NGO's and local governments.
CO2 Bambu intends to participate
actively in the transition from an
exclusive Post Disaster Response
system that currently characterizes the
world of disaster relief, to a Pre Disaster
Risk Mitigation system.
Pictures from C02 Bambu Facebook
page
Company Address: De Bancentro 1/2
cuadra al lago, Calle El Arsenal,
Granada, Tepetate Granada, Granada,
Nicaragua
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
CASE STUDIES_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
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SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
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Creative Property of the University of Virginia
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2
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Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
CASE STUDIES_01
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SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
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Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Educational Spaces
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image
Founded on the idea of creating
educational spaces that could
be easily dismantled and rebuilt
according to the needs of
refuge and migrant
communities along the
Thai-Burmese border. The frst
MOVINGSchool now supports
over 500 displaced children
and is necessary in the
regeneration of small rural towns
along the border.
MOVINGSchools
building trust international
ironwood architects
mae sot, thailand
2012
Instructons are based on one small
classroom module.
x 2
TOOLS
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 1 x 1 x 2
x 2 x 2 x 4 x 1 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
SINGLE COMPLETED MODULE
x 1
gable ends for cross ventilation
and diffused lighting
manually operable bamboo blinds
prefabricated metal and timber
members defne easily assembled
frame
foundation footings: stacked tires
stabalized by gravel infll
+ Partially fll clear tube with water
SITE PREPARATION
1. CHECK SITE FOR TREES
Keep trees that will help shield wind and sun
Avoid large ones that will interfere with
foundations and ground swell. Dont
unnecessarily fell trees
2. CHECK AXIS OF PLANNED BUILDING FOOTPRINT
Orientate West to East to reduce solar gain

W E
1. LEVEL SITE
2. CREATE DRAINAGE CHANNEL (IF NEEDED)
SITE PREPARATION FOUNDATION FOOT DETAIL
1. PLACE FOUNDATION POSTS INTO FIRST TYRES
1. PLACE POSTS + FIRST TYRES INTO HOLES
5. FILL HOLE WITH GRAVEL TO GROUND LEVEL
3. PLACE SECOND + THIRD TYRES INTO HOLES
4. USE LEVEL TO ENSURE POST IS STRAIGHT
FOUNDATION FOOTINGS
4 X FP
2. FILL WITH GRAVEL TO TOP OF FIRST TYRE AND
COMPACT TO FILL IN AIR POCKETS
2 x J
SECONDARY BOLTS ON PRIMARY FRAMES
I
1. DRILL THROUGH GUIDE HOLES
USING LEVEL TO MAKE SURE UPRIGHT
2. BOLT COLUMN TO POST
3. REPEAT 4 TIMES
I
TWO FLOOR JOISTS
I
1. 1 BOLT x 2 ENDS OF JOIST
2. REPEAT FOR 2 JOISTS
I
II
III
II
III
SHORT ROOF INSTALLATION SHORT ROOF ASSEMBLY
1 x ASSEMBLED SHORT ROOF
I
I
II
II
III
III
M8 BOLTS
1. SECURE ASSEMBLED SHORT ROOF TO SRSS USING ONE M8
BOLT AT EACH END
2. REPEAT FOR EACH SIDE
3. SCREW IN REMAINING SIX MIDDLE BOLTS (THREE ON EACH SIDE)
II
III
RUBBER GASKET
PVC SHEET
ALUMINIUM GRIPPING STRIPS
1 x SRF
RUBBER GASKET
PVC SHEET
(MEHLER TEXNOLOGY)
ALUMINIUM
GRIPPING STRIPS
(PROFIL TENSION SYSTEMS)
SHORT ROOF
FRAME (SRF)
1. HAMMER IN RUBBER GASKET
TO KEEP SHEET IN PLACE
2. PLACE PVC SHEET ON TOP
WITH 100mm OVERLAP
3. SCREW ALUMINIUM STRIPS
EVERY 500mm
TIP: USE SELF-TAPPING STEEL
SCREWS, NOT ZINC-COATED, TO
NOT EFFECT ALUMINIUM STRIP
Example of MOVINGschools kit of parts assembly manual
Flexible Open Classroom Space.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Designed as an alternative
approach to war-torn areas,
the Maria Gratsi Cutli Primary
School represents a small
village consisting of eight class-
rooms, staff accomodations,
a network of outdoor spaces,
a central garden, and library
enclosed by a boundary wall.
The school serves as a visual
symbol of education for the
village of Koshru.
Maria Gratsi Cutuli Primary School
2A+P/A, IaN+
Heart, Afghanistan
2011
Exterior Garden Spaces; view of
double-height library
Exterior Gathering Space.
Site Plan.
Network of modular classroom spaces and garden spaces intersecting at central
gathering space and library.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Educational Spaces
2
The design for the renovation
and expansion of Santa Elena
de Piedritas consists of 1 prima-
ry school, 2 pre-school class-
rooms, a computer lab, and
exterior shading structures and
landscape works to accomo-
date an additional 100 children.
The design is intented to have
the option to be extended for
prospective growth. Its flexible
structure will serve infrastruc-
ture changes and daily change
in activity.
Santa Elena de Piedritas School
architecture for humanity
piedritas, peru
construction in progress
light roof coverage
underlying bamboo roof structure
steel trusses
bamboo shading over circulation paths
clerestory lighting design
brick masonry walls
steel columns
perimeter circulation paths
Post-It Mapping Exercise with students. Structure Axonometric Detail.
Detail of structure during construction.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Manassas Park Elementary School
VMDO Architect (Robert W. Moje)
Manassas Park, Virginia
2009
image
Each room name is themed after a lo-
cal animal or plant. The three academ-
ic houses are articulated as Summer,
Fall or Spring via room signage, way-
finding techniques and color schemes.
Teaching extends with two courtyards,
ramp access allows for entrance to
Cistern and near by Manassas Park
Cisterm to doubles as outdoor class-
room-equipped with a colorful rain
gauge and large scale graphics ex-
plaining the hydrologic system and the
impact of rainwater harvesting.
Ampitheater for recces and perfor-
mances doubles as a stormanagment
system.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Educational Spaces
7
Umubano Primary
School
MASS Design Group
Kigali, Rwanda
2010
site diagram
The site strategy for this
project is taken from the
local context. Due to the hilly
landscape, villagers travel
across switchbacks between
urban spaces. The school's
traversing walkways and
outdoor classrooms reflect
the terraced agricultural
landscape and local context.
Terraced playspaces
provide seperation between
grade levels and creates
unique spaces that caters
to each age group. Local
materials and labor was
utilized to create a positive
impact for the local
economy.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
section diagram
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Educational Spaces
7
Handmade School
Anna Heringer and
Eike Roswag
Rudrapur, Bangladesh
2007
image
The project's main strategy
is to communicate and
develop knowledge and
skills within the local
population so that they can
make the best possible use
of their available resources.
Historic building techniques
are developed and improved
and the skills passed
on to local tradesmen
transforming in the process
the image of the building
techniques.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
section diagram
site diagram
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Educational Spaces
2
View of pedestrian bridge.
View of bridge housing classrooms spanning the creek.
BRIDGE SCHOOL
Li Xiaodong
Pinghe, Fujian, China
2008-2009
School plan. Masterplan.
The bridge connects two parts
of the village of Xiashi, thus
becoming a central social space
and spiritual center, as well as
a school. The design addresses
community needs, rather than
focuses solely on the primary
school, therefore, a public library
separates the two classrooms.
The classrooms on the ends can
be opened up to create stagres
that integrate the community with
the school. Beneath the structure
suspends a pedestrian bridge.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
The primary objective of this project was to design a sustainable building appropriate for the
climatic conditions in this part of Africa. Laterite stone, which is abundant in this region, was
chosen as the main building material. The building is oriented along an East-West axis and the
roof has a substantial overhang in order to reduce the amount of sunlight received by the walls.
The building consists of three classrooms, a computer room and office space. There is also a
covered outdoor "conversation pit", of comparable size to a classroom.
Dano School
Burkina Faso
Francis Kere
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Educational Spaces
2
NYSci Design Lab
New York Hall of Science
SITU Studio
2014
SITU Studio designed and built an in-
formal education space for the purpose
of hands on learning and creativity.
As described by Aleksey Lukyan-
ov-Cherny, the space is designed to
allow children to hover on the edge of
the space, peering to get acclimated to
the activity inside.
In Design Lab, identifying a problem
you find worth solving and sharing and
reflecting on design ideas and diver-
gent solutions is as important to learn-
ing as the design work itself.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
A construction team of fifteen
local young men were hired
for the construction team. The
team had limited to no carpentry
experience so carpentry skills
had to be taught to them. In two
weeks the construction team
under Jack's supervision and
guidance were able to complete
one classroom module and two
others are near completion.
The final design joins two tran-
sitional classrooms in a module
that has been approved by
engineers from Haiti's Ministry
of Education. The buildings are
sufficiently resistant to inclem-
ent weather and seismic forces.
Transitional Classrooms for Haiti
Jack Ryan
FAR Design
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Additional Programmatic Spaces
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Climatic Design
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4
6
5
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Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
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Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Additional Programmatic Spaces
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A series of seven large scale
art and landscape installations
along the Columbia River de-
signed in reponse to the historic
Lewis and Clark exploration.
Lin integrates each interven-
tion within a larger newtork of
ecological systems. Lin designs
each space so that a visitor s
first connection is to the
landscape itself.
Confuence Project
Maya Lin
Columbia River
2005-present
Bird Blind, Sandy River Delta. Land Bridge, Vancouver.
Baker Bay, Cape Disappointment State Park, Washington.
Fishing Station, Cape Disappointment.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
The project invovles a sustain-
able cinnamon school for local
farmers and workers made of
locally crafted brick and cinna-
mon tree trunks. The design
includes a series of training
facilities with a central court-
yard space, creating a combi-
nation of indoor, outdoor, and
semi-outdoor environments.
Exterior view.
View into courtyard.
CASSIA CO-OP
TYIN Tegnestue Architects
Sumatra, Indonesia
2011
Wall facade. Front facade elevation.
The elevation shows the contrast between the heavy brick construction imposed with hovering,
light, woodframe construction above. The courtyard become symbolic of the program hosting
cinnamon tree trunks, as well as decorative wall facades.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Climatic Design
4
Vernacular Design
Passive Energy Design
Urban-Scale Design
6
5
7
Educational Spaces
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1
2
3
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
CASE STUDIES_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Climatic Design
4
Aranzadi Park, designed for the
organic agricultural foundation
Fundagro, seeks to recover the
natural meander of the Agra Riv-
er from effects of Pamplona s
20th-century urban development.
The project maintains the
orginal shape of agricultural
land yet makes room for both
the river and citizen activity. The
project is an exemplary proposal
for a
network of agriculture, public
space, education, and flood
ARANZADI PARK
alday jover
Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
2010-2012
Series of meandering paths creating experiential procession
through site.
Paths structually adapted to river food and agricultural
production.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
A site along the Agra River and
the Aranzadi Park, the Agricul-
tural Interpetation Center is a
single story, greenhouse building
which serves as the center of
organic agricultural production,
education, and administration.
The building respects the river
and the
landscape while fostering an
intimate connection to its citi-
zens. It is distinct in its hydraulic
functionality, passive geothermal
AGRICULTURE INTERPRETATION CENTER
alday jover
Arzandia Park
Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
2010-2012
Program
educational programs
year-round food profuction
Fundagra offces
Material
polycarbonate
glass
greenhouse shade cloth
concrete plinth raising struc-
ture from ground and potential
fooding
Outdoor exhibition space.
Children walking from center.
Restored masonry structure in backgorund.
3 naves
framed by vestibule
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Passive Energy Design
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Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
CASE STUDIES_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Passive Energy Design
5
The visitor center serves as the
gateway ot the Government Can-
yon State Natural Area. Its pro-
gram houses an exhibit hall, park
store, classrooms, offices, and an
outdoor pavilion. The goal of the
project was to protect and restore
the natural landscape while cre-
ating high-use, low-maintenance,
and economical structures.
View into courtyard.
Interactive water cistern.
View of cisterns and main structure.
GOVERNMENT
CANYON CENTER
Lake Flato Architects
Helotes, Texas
2005
Section of passive design strategies.
Rainwater collected from the
roof is filtered and used for
landscape irrigation and waste-
water conveyance. The water
cisterns become an interactive
social space for the public.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Mahiga High Rainwater Court
Architecture for Humanity- Greg Elsne
Mahiga, Kenya
2009
image
The Rainwater Court is a
multi-purpose, full-size bas-
ketball court designed for the
community of Nyeri, Kenya.
The facilities include a shade
structure that has integrated
rainwater collection and UV
purification system with solar
panels for the water system
and night lighting in areas
without electricity. The full-
court configuration has a 2,500
sq ft playing surface covered
by metal roof and guttered to
collect an estimated 40,000
liters of water per year. The
building incorporates 25,000
liters of rainwater storage, with
UV purification.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Vernacular Design
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7
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Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
CASE STUDIES_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Vernacular Design
6
Ryoan-ji is a Zen Buddhist
Temple and dry landscape
garden. The temple itself
features the vernacular
construction of the Japanese Tea-House typology
and takes advantage of cross ventilation through
open floor plans and sliding screen doors. The dry
landscape garden is primarily viewed from either the
interior or exterior veranda. The space is reminiscent
of the surrounding mountains, and stands as a
contemplative metaphor for many Buddhist ideolo-
gies.
The use of natural artifacts in conjunction with a con-
templative viewing veranda could be an
interesting opportunity to connect people to Volcan
Mombacho on a smaller scale. Volcanic rock is com-
monly used as material for retaining walls, and could
be composed in both a performative and aesthetic
manner.
Ryoan-ji
Kyoto, Japan
1450
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Urban-Scale Design
7
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Creative Property of the University of Virginia
SCHOOL FOR EL PANTANAL
CASE STUDIES_01
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Urban-scale Design
7
Gando School and Extension
G Francis Kere
Gando, Burkina Faso
2004-2012
The primary school was built out
of mud brick a wide, raised tin
roof protects the walls from the
rain, and allows air to circulate
underneath in order to keep the
building cool. Kere expanded the
project to include an extension
to the primary school, library,
sports fields, teacher housing,
and secondary school. The Sec-
ondary school uses a passive
ventilation system, the corrugated
tin roof, which is raised above
the clay ceiling, is heated by the
sun. Air between the ceiling and
roof heats up and rises, drawing
cool air from below and creating a
current.
Creative Property of the University of Virginia
Creative Property of the University of Virginia

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