A Laboratory Manual for

Concrete Technology
( 9021 )
Semester - III
Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
ISO 9001:2000
Diploma in Civil Engineering Group (CE/CR/CS)
2 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
2006, Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
49, Kherwadi, Aliyawar Jung Marg, Bandra (East), Mumbai - 400 051,
Maharashtra State, India.
Any part of this Laboratory Manual may not be reproduced in any form or by any means without
permission in writing from MSBTE Mumbai.
Project Institution Government Polytechnic Jalgaon National Highway,
Zillha peth Jalgaon Pin - 425002
Project Period Nov. 2006 - Feb.2007
Chief Project Coordinator Mr. A.V. Pawar
Principal,
Government Polytechnic Jalgaon
Project Coordinator Dr. M.V. Ingale,
Head of Applied Mechanics Department,
Government Polytechnic Jalgaon
Subject Experts 1) Mr. K. P. Wankhede
Lecturer in Applied Mechanics
Government Polytechnic Jalgaon
2) Mr. S.N. Chaudhary,
Lecturer in Civil Engineering
J.T.M. Polytechnic Faizpur Tal. Yawal Dist Jalgaon.
Pin Code No. 425524
Designations Team for design
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CELL, MSBTE, MUMBAI.
LABORATORY MANUAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION 3
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. / Ms.
Roll No. ......, of Third Semester of Diploma in
has completed the term
work satisfactorily in Concrete Technology ( 9021 ) for the
academic year 200 . to 200 .... as prescribed in the
curriculum.
Place : .. Enrolment No.: ..
Date : ... Exam. Seat No. : ..
Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal
Seal of
Institution
4 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION 5
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
LEARNING OVERVIEW
IMPORTANCE OF THE SUBJECT
Concrete is one of the important construction materials. Study of its constituents and their properties
is essential for preparing desired mix so as to develop required strength necessary for various types of
Structures. The durability of the structures depends upon the care with which ingredients of concrete are
selected, mixed, placed, compacted .and cured.
Concrete is used not only for construction of building, but also for concrete roads, gravity dams,
retaining walls, water tanks, airport runway pavements, etc. The information regarding various properties
of concrete in its plastic stage as well as hardened Stage is necessary to enable the technician and
supervisors for quality control during construction work. Knowledge of the subject is essential for the
Design of Concrete Structures.
Strength, workability, durability and cost are the four important characteristics of concrete
Compressive strength of concrete describes the load caring capacity, workability is the indicator of ease
with which we work on concrete ,Where as durability shows the resistance of concrete to environmental
attack. A durable concrete is one that performs satisfactorily in the working environment during its anticipated
exposure conditions during service. The materials and mix proportions specified and used should be such
as to maintain its integrity and if applicable, to protect embedded metal from corrosion. The factors influencing
durability include:
i) the environment
ii) the cover to embedded steel
iii) the type and quality of constituent materials
iv) the cement content and water/cement ratio of concrete
v) workmanship, to obtain full compaction and efficient curing
Concrete mix design gives the concrete of required compressive strength, workability from the
available constituents with optimal cost, various propertied of constituents are required for performing mix
design. In concrete technology laboratory the quality of constituent materials of concrete such as cement
sand , coarse aggregate is decided by performing various tests confirming to IS standards .Similarly , the
properties of fresh concrete were studied to decide its suitability and its ease to perform various operations
on concrete.
i
6 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
ii
LEARNING STRUCTURE OF SUBJECT AREA
Third semester -Civil Engineering
Concrete Technology (9021)
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION 7
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS
In concrete technology laboratory, Students are expected to have specific Knowledge of subject
such as concepts related with concrete and its various ingredients and principles and procedures of carrying
out various tests on them to determine their properties. In addition, students are also expected to make
efforts to develop[p desired intellectual and motor skills to perform the tests according to the Standard
procedure laid down and evaluate the results.
Broad perspective of acquisition of skills and content specific knowledge is given below.
a) Intellectual skills b) Motor skill
1. Understanding 1. Making arrangement
2. Discriminating / Distinguishing 2. Performing
3. Deciding 3. Measuring
4. Computing 4. Observing
Following table gives gird of experiments and related intellectual and motor skills. Students are
expected to focus on acquiring specific skills mentioned.
GRID TABLE
Following table gives gird of the experiments and related intellectual and motor skills.
Teacher shall ensure for development of generic skills during the practical.
Students are expected to focus on acquiring specific skills mentioned therein.
iii
No. I
1
I
2
I
3
I
4
M
1
M
2
M
3
M
4
1 To determine of fineness of Cement.
2 To determine Standard /Normal Consistency
of Cement
3 To determine Initial and Final setting time of
cement
4 To determine Compressive Strength of
Cement
5 To determine soundness of cement by
Le-chatelier's apparatus
6 To determine silt content of sand by volume
/weight .
7 To determine Maximum percentage of bulking
of sand.
8 To determine fineness modulus of sand by
sieving method.
9 To determine aggregate Impact value
10 To determine aggregate abrasion value
Sr. Name of Experiment Intellectual skills Motor skills
8 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
NOTE : Identified Skills
STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION
It is suggested that all the experiments shall be completed in the hours of practical provided in the
curriculum for the semester.
TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME
@ Internal Assessment.
iv
No. I
1
I
2
I
3
I
4
M
1
M
2
M
3
M
4
11 To determine aggregate crushing value
12 To determine F.M. and particle size
distribution of coarse aggregates
13 To determine workability of concrete by
slump cone method.
14 To determine workability of concrete by
compaction Factor test.
15 Mini Project. To Study of Compressive
Strength of concrete for different water
cement ratio with and without curing.
Sr. Name of Experiment Intellectual skills Motor skills
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION 9
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS
The teacher should discuss the following points for the benefit of students before start of practical
of the subject.
1. Learning Overview: To develop better understanding of importance of the subject. To know related
skills to be developed such as intellectual skills and motor skills.
2. Learning Structure: In this topics and sub topics are organized in systematic way so that ultimate
purpose of learning the subject is achieved. This is arranged in the form of fact, concept, principle,
procedure ,application and problem.
3. Know your Laboratory work: To understand the layout of laboratory, specifying of equipment /
instruments / materials, procedure, working in groups, planning time etc. Also to know total amount
of work to be done in the laboratory
4. Teacher shall ensure that required equipments are in working condition before start of experiment;
also keep operating instruction manual available.
5. Explain prior concepts to the students before starting of each experiment.
6. Involve student's activity at the time of conduct of each experiment.
7. While taking reading / observation each student (form a batch of 20 students) shall be given a
chance to perform or observe the experiment.
8. List of questions is given at the end of each experiment. Teacher shall instruct the students to
attempt all questions given at the end of each experiment / exercise. Teacher shall ensure that
each student writes the answers to the allotted questions in the laboratory manual after
performance is over.
9. If the experimental set up has variations in the specifications of the equipment, the teacher are
advised to make the necessary changes, wherever needed.
10. Teacher shall assess the performance of students continuously as per norms prescribed by MSBTE.
11. Teacher should ensure that the respective skills and competencies are developed in the students
after the completion of the practical exercise.
12. Teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies to be developed in the students.
13. Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students even though not covered in
the manual but are expected from the students by the industries.
14. Teachers shall ensure that industrial visits recommended in the manual are covered.
15. Teacher may suggest the students to refer additional related literature of the technical papers /
reference books / seminar proceedings, etc.
16. During assessment teacher is expected to ask questions to the students to tap their achievements
regarding related knowledge and skills so that students can prepare while submitting record of the
practical. Focus should be given on development of enlisted skills rather than theoretical / codified
knowledge.
17 Teacher should enlist the skills to be developed in the students that are expected by the industry.
18 Teacher should organize group discussions / brain storming sessions / seminars to facilitate the
exchange of knowledge amongst the students.
19 Teacher should ensure that revised CIAAN - 2006 norms are followed simultaneously and
progressively.
20 Teacher should give more focus on hands on skills and should actually share the same.
21 Teacher shall also refer to the Circular No. MSBTE/D-50/Sem (I) Lab Manual/2006/4565 dated 6/6/
2006 for additional guideline
v
10 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS
Students shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts and practical
applications.
1. Listen carefully to the lecture given by teacher about importance of subject, curriculum philosophy,
learning structure, skills to be developed, information about equipment, instruments, procedure,
method of continuous assessment, tentative plan of work in laboratory and total amount of work to
be done in a semester
2. Students shall undergo study visit of the laboratory for types of equipment, instruments, material to
be used, before performing experiments.
3. Read the write up of each experiment to be performed, a day in advance.
4. Organize the work in the group and make a record of all observations.
5. Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications.
6. Write the answers of the questions allotted by the teacher during practical hours if possible or
afterwards, but immediately.
7. Student should not hesitate to ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practical / exercise.
8. The student shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the
answers to these questions.
9. Student shall develop maintenance skills as expected by the industries.
10. Student should develop the habit of pocket discussion / group discussion related to the experiments
/ exercises so that exchanges of knowledge / skills could take place.
11. Student shall attempt to develop related hands - on - skills and gain confidence.
12. Student shall focus on development of skills rather than theoretical or codified knowledge.
13. Student shall visit the nearby workshops, workstation, industries, laboratories, technical exhibitions,
trade fair etc. even not included in the Lab Manual. In short, students should have exposure to the
area of work right in the student hood.
14. Student shall insist for the completion of recommended Laboratory work, industrial visits, answers
to the given questions, etc.
15. Student shall develop the habit of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. those included in the
scope of the manual.
16. Student shall refer technical magazines, proceedings of the Seminars, refer websites related to the
scope of the subjects and update their knowledge and skills.
17. Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self-learning
techniques.
18. Student should develop the habit to react with the teacher without hesitation with respect to the
academics involved.
19. Student should develop habit to submit the practical, exercise continuously and progressively on
the scheduled dates and should get the assessment done.
20. Student should be well prepared while submitting the write up of the exercise. This will develop the
continuity of the studies and he will not be over loaded at the end of the term.
vi
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION 11
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
Sr. Page Date of Date of Assess- Sign. of
No. Name of the Exercise No. Perfor- submi - ment Teacher
mance ssion Max. and
Marks 10 Remarks
LIST OF EXERCISES AND RECORD OF PROGRESSIVE ASSESSMENT
1 To determine fineness of Cement. 1
2 To determine Standard / Normal
Consistency of Cement
3 To determine Initial and Final setting time
of cement
4 To determine Compressive Strength of
Cement
5 To determine soundness of cement by
Le-chatelier's apparatus
6 To determine silt content of sand by
volume / weight .
7 To determine Maximum percentage of
bulking of sand.
8 To determine fineness modulus of sand
by sieving method.
9 To determine aggregate Impact value
10 To determine aggregate abrasion value
11 To determine aggregate crushing value
12 To determine F.M. and particle size
distribution of coarse aggregates
13 To determine workability of concrete by
slump cone method.
14 To determine workability of concrete by
Compaction Factor test.
15 Mini project. To Study of Compressive
Strength of concrete for different water
cement ratio with and without curing.
Total Marks
...Average
Marks out
of 10.*
vii
* To be transferred to proforma of CIAAN - 2006 (Proforma A-1)
12 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
Sr. Name of the Tests to be performed Do as directed
No. Apparatus/Equipments with the equipments
List of equipment /apparatus in concrete laboratory is as below:
(Student to write the information in the column 'do as Directed')
1 Set of sieves Fineness modulus of Measure and write the
aggregates size of aperture of 2.36
mm and 600 micron IS
sieve.
2. Vicat Apparatus, plunger and Normal consistency, Initial and Write an arrangement,
set of needles final setting time of cement made for uniform
travel of the needle /
plunger
..
3. Mortor Vibrator To mix cement mortor Start the machine and
uniformly. feel the vibrations at
the stand of mould.
Write the maximum
time that can be set
for mixing of
mortor
.
4. Compression testing machine To apply compressive load in State the value of the
. case of aggregate crushing maximum load that
value, compressive strength can be applied with
of concrete. compressive CTM
strength of cement ..
5. Aggregate impact testing machine To determine the strength of State the height of fall
. aggregates for impact loads. of the
weight
.
6. Aggregate abrasion testing machine To determine the resistance of Write the name of the
aggregates for wear and tear. machine available in
the lab. Does it have
three cylinders
7. Apparatus for aggregate crushing To find the crushing strength Measure the sizes
value of aggregates. of the moulds
..
8. Thermostatically controlled oven To dry the aggregates Write the maximum
.. temperature to which
the oven can be
set
.
9. Slump cone, Vee Bee Consist meter, To measure the workability of Write unit of
Compaction factor apparatus, flow fresh concrete. measurement in each
table case

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION 13
Concrete Technology ( 9021 )
Sr. Name of the Tests to be performed Do as directed
No. Apparatus/Equipments with the equipments
10 Water curing tank To have curing of the concrete Write the dimensions
. cubes, mortar cubes. of the tank

.
11. Weighing platform, weighing To measure the weights of Write the weighting
balances the various units. capacities of different
weighing instruments
you have
..
12. Cube moulds, mortar moulds, To cast the testing samples Write the sizes of the
for compressive strength various moulds

..
13. Rebound Hammer Test Non destructive Testing Write the name of
equipment to find compressive manufacturer and
strength of concrete working principle of
equipment .
14. Ultra sonic Tester Non destructive Testing Write the name of
equipment to find compressive manufacturer and
strength of concrete working principle of
equipment.
15. Le Chatelier mould and water bath To find soundness of cement What is the standard
size of split. State the
temperature setting of
water bath.
16.
17.
18.
Write the names of equipments and their specification other than the equipments listed in above
table at Sr.No.16,17 and 18. Also write the names of manufacturers of equipments / machines.