X L THNG K S LIU

THC NGHIM
Ging vin: Mc Xun Ha
NI DUNG
1.Thng k m t
2. So snh thng k
3.Tng quan &Hi qui
NI DUNG
1.Thng k m t
2. So snh thng k
3.Tng quan &Hi qui
3.56 3.46 3.48 3.50 3.42 3.43 3.52 3.49 3.44 3.50
3.48 3.56 3.50 3.52 3.47 3.48 3.46 3.50 3.56 3.38
3.41 3.37 3.47 3.49 3.45 3.44 3.50 3.49 3.46 3.46
3.55 3.52 3.44 3.50 3.45 3.44 3.48 3.46 3.52 3.46
3.48 3.48 3.32 3.40 3.52 3.34 3.46 3.43 3.30 3.46
3.59 3.63 3.59 3.47 3.38 3.52 3.45 3.48 3.31 3.46
3.40 3.54 3.46 3.51 3.48 3.50 3.68 3.60 3.46 3.52
3.48 3.50 3.56 3.50 3.52 3.46 3.48 3.46 3.52 3.56
3.52 3.48 3.46 3.45 3.46 3.54 3.54 3.48 3.49 3.41
3.41 3.45 3.34 3.44 3.47 3.47 3.41 3.48 3.54 3.47
D liu m (x%,w/w) ca mt mu biscuit (n = 100)
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Rt ra kt lun g t b s
liu trn ?
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Cn phi tm tt b s liu
Thng k m t
Phn phi ca d liu
tp trung ca d liu
phn tn ca d liu
Chc nng
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Thng k m t
Cc thams thng k: mean, SD, CV, .
Biu : histogram, boxplot,
Phng php
Excel 2007: Cc tham s thng k
Nhp d liu vo bng tnh
Data\DataAnalysis\Descriptive Statistics
Mean ~ Median
Skewness ~ 0
SD/mean=0,018 <5%
=3,4764 0,0125
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Excel 2007: V histogram
PHNG PHP KHONG
1. Tmgitr minvmax ca b s liu
2. Chn s khong (Bins): B
3. Tnh kch thc khong (I) v lmtrn I n
mt cons thun tin (nnchn I s min)
4. V Histogram
PHNG PHP KHONG
1. Tmgi tr min v max ca b s liu
Min = 3.30
Max = 3.68
PHNG PHP KHONG
2. Chn s khong
n B =
n S khong
(Bins)
< 50 5 7
50 100 6 10
100
250
7 12
> 250 10 20
PHNG PHP KHONG
2. Chn s khong
10 100= = = n B
PHNG PHP KHONG
3. Tnh kch thc khong (I) v lmtrn I n
mt cons thun tin (nnchn I s min)
038 . 0
10
30 . 3 68 . 3
=

=
B
Min Max
I
Chn I = 0.05
PHNG PHP KHONG
3. Tnh kch thc khong (I) v lmtrn I n
mt cons thun tin (nnchn I s min)
Bins Value
0 x s 3.30
1 3.30 <xs 3.35
2 3.35 <x s 3.40
3 3.40 <x s 3.45
4 3.45 <x s 3.50
5 3.50 <x s 3.55
6 3.55 <x s 3.60
7 3.60 <x s 3.65
8 3.65<x s 3.70
9 3.70 <x s 3.75
10 3.75 <x s 3.80
80 . 3 05 . 0 10 30 . 3
...... ..........
40 . 3 05 . 0 2 30 . 3
35 . 3 05 . 0 1 30 . 3
30 . 3
10
2
1
0
= + =
= + =
= + =
=
B
B
B
B
Tnh B:
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
3.30 3.35 3.40 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.60 3.65 3.70 3.75 3.80 More
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
Bin
Mean =3,4764
Skewness =-0,10
SD=0,0628
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
SPSS 16: Cc tham s thng k
Kim tra outlier
Phn phi ca d liu
tp trung ca d liu
phn tn ca d liu
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
SPSS 16: Cc tham s thng k
Kim tra outlier : Box Plot
Phn phi ca d liu
tp trung ca d liu
phn tn ca d liu
Box Plot
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Median
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
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Nhp d liu m theo ct (Data)
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Statistics
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Plots
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ng dng ca thng k m t trong m bo cht lng
NNG LC QU TRNH
Upper specification limit (USL)
Lower specification limit (LSL)
Dung sai: DS l yu cu v cht lng theo thit
k. QT c nng lc khi SP u ra c cht lng
p ng c dung sai.
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Gi s dung sai m
biscuit l 3,40 3,60%.
Hy nh gi nng lc ca
qu trnh nng.
LSL
USL
Kt qu kim tra p sut CO
2
(psi) ca
mt mu nc gii kht c gas (n = 100)
BI TP
NI DUNG
1.Thng k m t
2. So snh thng k
3.Tng quan &Hi qui
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
So snh phng sai
So snh 01 s trung bnh
So snh 02 s trung bnh
So snh >02 s trung bnh
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
So snh phng sai
So snh 01 s trung bnh
So snh 02 s trung bnh
So snh >02 s trung bnh
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Gip nh phn tch tr li cu hi:
chnh xc ca 2 b s liu
khc bit c ngha thng k hay
khng ?
So snh phng sai
So snh chnh xc ca 2 b s liu
Cho 2 b s liu phn tch nh sau:
X
i
Y
i
X
1
Y
1
X
2
Y
2
- -
- -
X
n
Y
n
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Gi thuyt thng k:
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
GII BI TON SO SNH PHNG SAI BNG
MICROSOFT EXCEL
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Excel 2003: Tool DataAnalysis F-TestTwo-Sample for Variances
Excel 2007: Data DataAnalysis F-Test Two-Sample for Variances
a ch vng d liu 2
a ch vng d liu 1
Nhn
Mc ngha
a ch vng kt qu
Ty chn vng kt qu
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Kt qu phn tch m (%) mt sn phm bnh
biscuit bng 2 phng php khc nhau (A v B) nh
sau:
Hy cho bit phng php no c chnh xc cao
hn vi mc ngha 0,05.
So snh phng sai
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
KT LUN: ?????
So snh phng sai
Lp li
Phng php A
(mg/ml)
Phng php B
(mg/ml)
1 127 130
2 125 128
3 123 131
4 130 129
5 131 127
6 126 125
7 129 -
a. Hy tnh ton trung bnh mu, phng sai, lch chun
b. Vi tin cy 95%, liu c c s kt lun phng php A c
chnh xc tng t nh phng php B hay khng ?
BI TP
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Thng k suy on
So snh phng sai
So snh 01 s trung bnh
So snh 02 s trung bnh
So snh >02 s trung bnh
Kt qu iu tra lng cholesterol trong huyt thanh ca 25 ngi mc bnh
bo ph c th hin bng sau. Bit rng lng cholesterol trung bnh
trong huyt thanh ca ngi Vit Naml 156 mg. Hi lng cholesterol ca
ngi mc bnh bo ph c cao hn ngi bnh thng hay khng ?
n Cholesterol (mg) n Cholesterol (mg)
1 172 15 172
2 173 16 171
3 171 17 240
4 170 18 175
5 174 19 170
6 175 20 172
7 170 21 172
8 171 22 176
9 103 23 171
10 176 24 145
11 169 25 179
12 172
13 173
14 192
Gi thit thng k:
H
0
: =156 mg
H
1
: = 156 mg
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
ng dng SPSS 16.0
Nhp d liu theo ct (var)
Analyze\Compare means\One-sample T Test
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
156
Options
Continue - OK
Kt qu phn tch NO
2
-
ca mt ngun nc nh
sau:
Bit rng theo TCVN 5502:2003, hm lng NO
2
khng c vt qu 1,0 ppm. Nh vy, nu chn
mc ngha o =0,05 th liu c c s kt lun
rng hmlng NO
2
ca ngun nc trn l t tiu
chun hay khng ?
n NO
2
(ppm)
1 0,81
2 0,82
3 0,80
4 0,79
5 0,83
6 0,80
Kt qu phn tch trn mt mu chun (ppm) nh
sau:
Lp li
D lng thuc tr su
(ppm)
1 8,05
2 8,36
3 8,12
4 8,83
Bit hmlng thc ca cht cn phn tch trong mu l 8,55
ppm. Vi o =0,05 hy kim tra xemphng php phn tch c
mc sai s h thng khng?
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Thng k suy on
So snh phng sai
So snh 01 s trung bnh
So snh 02 s trung bnh
So snh >02 s trung bnh
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
SO SNH 2 S TRUNG BNH
Phng sai bng nhau
Phng sai khc nhau
So snh 2 s trung bnh
Bc 1: Kim tra s bng nhau ca phng sai
bng lnh F-Test Two-Sample for Variances.
Bc 2: Tin hnh so snh2 s trung bnh
Phng sai bng nhau: t-test: Two-Sample Assuming
Equal Variances.
Phng sai khc nhau: t-test: Two-Sample Assuming
Unequal Variances.
Do nghi ng hmlng protein (%) ca sn phm ca ngy
v sn phm ca m khng ging nhau, nhn vin KCS tin
hnhly mu kim tra v thu c kt qu nh sau:
Ca ngy Ca m
15.42 12.45
16.73 13.87
14.51 11.93
17.50 14.54
17.34 11.67
Vi = 0.05, c chng c kt lun hm lng
protein ca sn phm SX ca ngy v ca m l khc
nhau khng?
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
MICROSOFT EXCEL
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Bc 1: Kim tra s bng nhau ca phng sai
M lnh: Data Data Analysis F-Test Two-Sample for Variances
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Kt lun: Phng sai ca 2 b s liu bng nhau
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Bc 2: So snh 2 s trung bnh bng lnh t-test: Two-Sample
AssumingEqual Variances
Kt lun:
Hm lng protein
trong sn phm SX
ca ngy v ca
m khc nhau c
ngha thng k.
Nh sn xut tin hnh ly mu kim tra hmlng ng (%) ca 2 l
sn phm nc tri cy c sn xut t 2 ging da khc nhau (A v B).
n Ging A Ging B
1 15.7 21.3
2 12.2 18.7
3 14.1 22.1
4 16.3 18.7
5 16.4 21.4
6 19.1 19.2
7 15.8 18.7
8 16.7 18.9
9 15.2 19.8
10 15.4 18.7
Vi =0.05, nh sn xut c c s kt lun rng hmlng ng
ca sn phm nc tri cy c sn xut t 2 ging da trn l ging
nhau hay khng ?
So snh hm lng glycogen (mg/g m tht) ca tht g
trong2 trng hp khngnu v c nu bng vi ba.
n Khngnu Nu vi ba
1
27 12
2
17 7
3
36 11
4
23 10
5
27 11
Vi = 0.05, c chng c kt lun hm lng
glycogen ca tht g t 2 phng php nu l khc nhau
khng?
Vi =0.05, hy kim tra xem hm lng ng
kh ca ging xoi B c cao hn ging xoi A hay
khng?
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
SPSS 16
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Cc bc thc hin:
Nhp s liu
So snh 2 s trung bnh: Statistics\compare
means\Independent-samples T test
SPSS 16.0
CCH NHP S LIU VO BNG TNH
KT QU SO SNH 2 S TRUNG BNH
Kt qu so snh phng sai: chp nhn H
0
2 phng sai bng nhau.
Kt qu so snh 2 s trung bnh: 2 s trung bnh khc bit c ngha
thng k vi mc ngha 95%.
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Thng k suy on
So snh phng sai
So snh 01 s trung bnh
So snh 02 s trung bnh
So snh > 02 s trung bnh
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
ANOVA: Single Factor
ANOVA: Two Factor With Replication
ANOVA: Two Factor Without Replication
Analysis of Variance
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
ANOVA: Single Factor
ANOVA: Two Factor With Replication
ANOVA: Two Factor Without Replication
Analysis of Variance
So snh hn 2 s trung bnh
Nghin cu nh hng ca thi gian thanh trng n hm
lng Vitamin C trong nc qu. Nh nghin cu tin hnh
th nghim vi 5 mc thi gian (15 pht, 20 pht, 25 pht, 30
pht, 35 pht), mi nghim thc lp li 5 ln. ( =0.05)
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
MICROSOFT EXCEL
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Data Analysis Anova: Single Factor
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
p-value =9,12.10
-6
<0,05 tn ti t nht mt cp s TB
khc nhau Thi gian thanh trng nh hng c ngha ln
hmlng vitamin C.
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
SPSS 16.0
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Nhp d liu ng cch
Analyze\Compare Means\One-Way ANOVA
Nhp d liu
ng cch
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Bin ph thuc
Bin c lp
POST HOC
Continue - OK
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
C bng chng cho thy yu t TG
nh hng ngha ln hm lng
vitamin C
Nghin cu nh hng ca 07 phng php ng gi
khc nhau ln tn tht khi lng sn phm (g/kg sn
phm) sau 01 nm bo qun.
BI TP
Hy cho bit phng php ng gi c nh hng ngha
lntn tht khi lng khng. Chn o =0.05.
BI TP
Nghin cu nh hng
ca cng sut siu m
ln kch thc cu bo
sa b (P
max
= 750W).
a. ANOVA
b. Post hoc
BI TP
Di y l kt qu nh gi mc a thch i vi 03 loi
hng liu (A,B,C) bng phng php cho im (1 9). Bit
rng vi mi loi hng liu s c 5 ngi th nh gi v 5
ngi th mi th nghim l khng ging nhau.
A B C
8 7 5
9 7 5
8 8 6
7 9 8
9 7 7
a. Vi o =0,05, hy kim tra xemloi hng liu no c
a thch nht ?
b. Hy kim tra xemc bao nhiu cp gi tr trung bnh khc
nhauvi o =0,05.
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
ANOVA: Single Factor
ANOVA: Two Factor With Replication
ANOVA: Two Factor Without Replication
Analysis of Variance
PHN TCH PHNG SAI 2 NHN T C LP LI
Nghin cu nh hng ca nng ng (A,%) v nhit
sy (B,
0
C) n mm ca sn phm (N).
0% 25%
150.6 173.8
50
0
C 128.9 161.3
137.2 155.6
225.1 320.4
60
0
C 210.6 301.9
218.5 296.4
Vi tin cy 95%, hy kim tra xemcc yu t th nghim
c nh hng ngha ln mm khng ?
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
MICROSOFT EXCEL
Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
S ln
lp li
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
NHN XT KT QU
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
SPSS 16.0
Analyze
General Linear
Model
Univariate
Dependent Variable: Do_mem
Fixed Factor: NONG_DO
NHIET_DO
LSD
Nghin cu nh hng ca Tc khuy (rpm) v Nhit
phn ng (
0
C) n Hiu sut thu hi sn phm (%).
30 prm 60 rpm
44.5 55.0
40
0
C 45.0 54.8
43.9 55.1
67.4 72
60
0
C 67.2 71
68.0 72
Vi tin cy 95%, hy kim tra xemcc yu t th nghim
c nh hng ngha ln Hiu sut thu hi khng?
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
ANOVA: Single Factor
ANOVA: Two Factor With Replication
ANOVA: Two Factor Without Replication
Analysis of Variance
Di y l kt qu nh gi mc a thch i vi
03 loi hng liu (A,B,C) bng phng php cho
im (1 9). Bit rng vi mi loi hng liu s c
5 ngi th nh gi v 5 ngi th mi th
nghim l ging nhau.
Ngi th A B C
1 8 7 5
2 9 7 5
3 8 8 6
4 7 9 8
5 9 7 7
Vi o =0,05, hy kim tra xemloi hng liu no
c a thchnht ?
PHN TCH PHNG SAI 2 NHN T KHNG LP LI
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
NHP D LIU
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication
Ngi th
Sn phm
BI TP
Vi o =0.05, hy kim tra xemloi u o
c nh hng ngha ln cng ca bnh
hay khng ?
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
SPSS 16.0
BOXPLOT
Di y l kt qu nh gi mc a thch i vi
03 loi hng liu (A,B,C) bng phng php cho
im (1 9). Bit rng vi mi loi hng liu s c
5 ngi th nh gi v 5 ngi th mi th
nghim l ging nhau.
Ngi th A B C
1 8 7 5
2 9 7 5
3 8 8 6
4 7 9 8
5 9 7 7
Vi o =0,05, hy kim tra xemloi hng liu no
c a thchnht ?
NI DUNG
1.Thng k m t
2. So snh thng k
3.Tng quan & Hi qui
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Gi X
i
v Y
i
l hai bin nh lng thu c t thc
nghim.
I TNG
NGHIN CU
Yu t u ra
(Y
i
)
Cc yu t u vo
X
i
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Tng quan: Mc co-variation
Hi qui: D on
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
TNG QUAN
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
H S TNG QUAN
K hiu: r
ngha: h s tng quan th
hin mi quan h tuyn tnh
gia X v Y.
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
TNH CHT CA H S TNG QUAN
|r| =0: X v Y khngtng quan
|r| = 1: X v Y c tng quanhms
|r| 0,3: tng quanyu
0,5<|r| <0,7: tng quantng i cht ch
0,7<|r| <0,9: tng quancht ch
0,9<|r| <1: tng quanrt cht ch
H S XC NH: R
2
H s xc nh l t l phn trm (%) s bin i
ca Y c th c gii thch bi X.
VD: R
2
=0,98: c ngha l 98%
s bin i ca Y c th c
gii thch bi X.
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
HI QUI
Xy dng m hnh ton hc m t mi
quan h gia 2 bin X v Y t s liu
thc nghim d on
HI QUI
(Regression)
Hi qui tuyn tnh
Hi qui phi tuyn
Y =o +|x
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
HI QUI TUYN TNH N
(Simple Linear Regression)
I TNG
NGHIN CU
Yu t u ra
(Y)
Yu t u vo
X
Y = a + bx
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Tng quan: Analysis\Correlation
Hi qui tuyn tnh n:
Add-trendline
Analysis\Regression
MICROSOFT EXCEL
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Correlation
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
X v Y c tng quan cht
X v Y c tng quan thun
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Xy dng phng trnh hi qui
(Modelling)
ADD TRENDLINE
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
C 99,9% s bin i ca Y c th
c gii thch bi X
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
KIM TRA NGHA CA CC H
S V PHNG TRNH HI QUI
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Tn hiu o
Nng
KIM TRA NGHA CA CC H S V PHNG TRNH HI QUI
KT LUN ?
Trong mt nghin
cu, ngi ta tin
hnh o mm
ca tht cc mc
Thi gian nu (h)
khc nhau.
Thi gian (X) mm (Y)
1 7,6
1,2 8
1,4 9
1,6 7
1,8 10
2 8
2,2 11
2,4 14
2,6 10
2,8 16
3 18
3,2 20
3,4 18
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
y = 5.258x + 0.478
R = 0.804
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
D
o

m
e
m

(
Y
)
Thoi gian (X)
Thi gian nu vs. mm tht
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
y = 5.453x
R = 0.802
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6
D
o

m
e
m
Thoi gian
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
Cho X =1,5
TnhY =?
BI TP
XC NH ASEN BNG PHNG PHP TRC QUANG
1.Xydng ng chun
2.Kim tra ngha ca cc h s v phng trnh
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
BI TP
Ging vin: MC XUN HA
HY V BIU TN SUT
(Excel & SPSS)
HY V BIU TN SUT
(Excel & SPSS)
HY V BIU TN SUT
(Excel & SPSS)
1. V boxplot so snh bn ca 4 loi
vt liu (material).
2. Vi o =0.05, hy kim tra xem loi
vt liu (material) c nh hng
ngha ln bn ca sn phm hay
khng ?
YU CU
STT Tc (cm/s) Chiu di (mm) STT Tc (cm/s) Chiu di (mm)
1 8.1 1046 21 8.0 1040
2 7.7 1030 22 5.5 1013
3 7.4 1039 23 6.9 1025
4 5.8 1027 24 7.0 1020
5 7.6 1028 25 7.5 1022
6 6.8 1025 26 6.7 1020
7 7.9 1035 27 8.1 1035
8 6.3 1015 28 8.0 1052
9 7.0 1033 29 7.1 1021
10 8.0 1036 30 7.6 1024
11 8.0 1026 31 8.5 1029
12 8.0 1041 32 7.5 1015
13 7.2 1029 33 8.0 1030
14 6.0 1010 34 5.2 1010
15 6.3 1020 35 6.5 1025
16 6.7 1024 36 8.0 1031
17 8.2 1034 37 6.0 1030
18 8.1 1036 38 7.6 1034
19 6.6 1023 38 6.5 1034
20 6.5 1011 40 5.5 1020
YU CU
Hy nh gi mi quan h
ga tc v chiu di