Tng quan v QoS trong mng truyn dn PSTN

Trang 1

1. Tng quan v mng PSTN:
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) l mng in thoi chuyn mch
cng cng truyn thng da vo k thut chuyn mch knh. N tp hp nhiu quc
gia to thnh mt mng quc t v tri qua nhiu gia on khc nhau.
Mng PSTN lc u ra i ch s dng cho mc ch l truyn thoi bng my
in thoi, do giao tip gia thu bao v tng i l tn hiu tng t (analog) s
dng cp ng xon t tng i v n thu bao. Bng thng l 64Kbps, ting ni
ca ngi c tn s t 300 3400Hz nn phi ly mu vi tn s 8Kbps, mi mu th
c 8 bit th s l 8x8=64Kbps
Cc dch v thoi trong mng PSTN s dng bng thng 64kbit/s, nu cth cung
cp bng thng ln hn cho mi cuc gi th cht lng cuc gi cngkhng tt hn
Trong mng PSTN, kt ni lin lc in thoi dng chuyn mch knh s dng
ng kt ni vt l gia ngi dng ti hai u mng. c trng ni bt ca k thut
ny l hai trm mun trao i thng tin vi nhau th gia chng s c thit lp mt
knh (circuit) c nh, knh kt ni ny c duy tr v dnh ring cho hai trm
cho ti khi cuc truyn tin kt thc.
Thng tin cuc gi l trong sut cuc gi c tin hnh theo 3 pha: thit lp kt
ni, duy tr kt ni v gii phng kt ni bng cch s dng cc bo hiu
V th cht lng cuc gi trong mng PSTN lun tt hn so vi trn mng
internet nhng i li chi ph t hn rt nhiu
Do c lch s pht trin lau i v khng ngng i mi mng PSTN hin ti vn
hot ng tt v cung cp cc dch v kh tin cy
t im ca mng.
- - Truy nhp analog 300-3400Hz
- Kt ni song cng chuyn mch knh
- Bng thng chuyn mch 64kb/s hoc 300 -3400Hz i vi chuyn mch
analog
- Khng c kh nng di ng hoc di ng vi c ly hn ch
Cu trc mng PSTN.
- Cc phn t c bn ( thu bao, tng i, trung k, vng ni b)
- Cc thit b truyn dn
+ Cc thit b chuyn mch( tng i v ng truyn dn). cc thit b ny
c phi hp hot ng vi nhau ni thng cc my in thoi c nh
+ Cc nt mng ( tng i) c ni vi nhau theo nhiu hnh thc: mc li,
hnh sao, hay hn hp. Cc tng i c phn thnh nhiu cp, kt ni ni cc
ng truyn dn to thnh cc cp mng khc nhau .
Tng quan v QoS trong mng truyn dn PSTN

Trang 2

Trn mng li cc thu bao dc u ni vo cc tng di ni ht thng qua
mng, thc hin cc dch v nh in thoi, truyn s liu, fax
Mng truyn dn
Mng cp thu bao, kt ni t cc tng i u cui v n cc thu bao din
thoi. Loi cp c dng l ng dy i, c xon li vi nhau gim nhiu
k sinh. Khong cch ti a thng khong 1Km
Cable ng trc, Cable i xng, phm vi hot ng ph thuc vo mt ca
ngi s dng trong mng, kch thc ca mng v v tr a l ca ni vng. Ni
chung, chiu di trung bnh ca ng dy trong mng t 1.5km n 2km, chiu
di ln nht khng qu 10km













Hnh 1 Mng din thoi c nh( PSTN)
Trong hnh ta c cc thit b u cui pha ngi s dng l cc my in thoi c nh.
Mang in thoi s c nhim v kt ni cc my in thoi thc hin cc dch v
thoi. mng ny gm cc phn t c bn l cc thit b truyn dn v cc thit b chuyn
mch , cc thit b ny phi hp hot ng vi nhau thng cc my in thoi c nh
theo yeu cu ca ngi s dng dch v thoi
V vy tng di ni ht thc cht l trung tm chuyn mch . tu theo cp m cc
trung tm ny c tn gi khc nhau
Tng quan v QoS trong mng truyn dn PSTN

Trang 3

2. Cht lng dch v (QoS)
Gii thiu v Qos
Ngy nay dch v trn mng c nh v c mng khng dy pht trin rt nhanh
khng ch c dch v thoi m cn cc dch v khc cng trn 1 ng truyn
v d : dch v internet, dch vu mytivi, voip
Ngi s dng cc dch vu thoi km theo cc dch v khc c th vi nhiu
mc ch khc nhau, dng kinh doanh, trao i d liu hoc mc ch c nhn
v s lng ngi s dng dch v ny ngy cng tng cao. Do , yu cu d liu
truyn i qua mng phi lin tc, tr thp v th i hi cht lng dch v trn
ng truyn phi c m bo
Cht lng dch v QoS (Quality of Service) l mt khi nim dng cp
n tt c cc kha cnh lin quan n hiu qu hot ng ca mng. Mt k thut
c s dng m bo cc ng dng thi gian thc chy c trn mng v cc
dch v trc y c m bo cht lng tt nht.
Cht lng dch v QoS c nhn nhn t 2 kha cnh: ngi s dng dch v
v nh cung cp dch v mng.
Kha cnh ngi s dng: QoS l mc chp nhn cht lng dch v m
ngi s dng dch v nhn c t nh cung cp dch v mng i vi cc dch
v ring ca h hoc cc dch v m cc nh cung cp dch v cam kt vi khch
hng ca mnh.
Kha cnh nh cung cp dch v mng: QoS lin quan ti kh nng cung cp cc
yu cu cht lng dch v cho ngi s dng. Cc khi nim cht lng mng l
chui cc tham s mng c th xc nh, c o c v c iu chnh c th
t mc hi lng ca khch hng v dch v.
Nh cung cp dch v c trch nhim phi t hp cc tham s cht lng mng
khc nhau thnh tp hp cc tiu chun c th va m bo li ch kinh t ca
mnh va tho mn tt nht yu cu ca ngi s dng. Khi s dng dch v,
khch hng ch bit n nh cung cp dch v ch khng quan tm ti cc thnh
phn ca mng
Tng quan v QoS trong mng truyn dn PSTN

Trang 4









Hnh 2 : Cht lng dch v hnh thnh da trn 2 yu t

Cht lng ca mt dch v l mt i lng o bng hai loi tham s:
- Th nht: cc tham s vt l, bao gm cc yu cu v tr, bng thng,
BER, jitter
- Th hai: cc tham s logic, bao gm cc yu cu v tnh bo mt, kh nng
m bo hng kt ni, tc ngun d liu...
Cc m hnh mng QoS end to end thng c mt hoc vi mng tham gia, mi
mng li c nhiu node.
Mi mng tham gia c th a vo tr, hoc tn tht do vic ghp knh, chuyn
mch hay ng dn n lm nh hng n ng truyn, do Qos ph thuc vo
nhiu yu t : cc phn t mng, c ch x l u cui, c ch iu khin trong mng

i vi mng PSTN:
Vi mng in thoi cng cng PSTN do n s dng c ch chuyn mch knh
n c nhng yu t ni bt,
- Cht lng ng truyn tt
- Tnh n nh cao, c tr nh,
- Chng nhiu tt , tin cy cao,
Tng quan v QoS trong mng truyn dn PSTN

Trang 5

Khi mt kt ni hon thnh th s tht thot tn hiu gn nh khng ng k.
Nhng n cng c hn ch ca mng ny l n s dng bng thng khng hiu qu,
C rng bng thng c nh l 64kbps,
L knh ginh ring cho mt cuc gi l nht nh, ngay c khi tn hiu thoi
khng bn th knh vn khng c chia s cho cc cuc gi khc
Tnh an ton ca mng km. do tn hiu thoi l tn hiu analog c ly mu
v c gi nguyn bn trn ng truyn nn d b nghe trm, ngoi ra
ng dy thu bao hon ton c th bi li dng d b n cp cc vin thng
Cn nhiu thi gian thit lp knh truyn, v vy thi gian thit lp knh
chm v xc xut kt ni khng thnh cng cao
nh gi cht lng ca mng in thoi c inh th nh cung cp phi tun
th cc yu cu trn ng truyn v cht lng cuc gi.
Mng truyn dn PSTN ch duy nht phc v cc dch v thoi, fax nn cht lng
ca n lun cao hn so vi cc mng truyn dn khc
Da vo cc tiu chun, quy inh v cht lng dch v m nh cung cp s da
vo n kim sot, qun l v nh cht lng ng truyn ca mnh cung
cp cho khch hng mt cch tt nht, nng cao v th cnh tranh trn th trng