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Description: Soil Overburden and Seismic Wave Propagation

Product: AutoPIPE
Version Number: V8i (v9.5)
Submitted By: JT
Revision: 0.0
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
ASSIGNING SOIL PROPERTIES TO BURIED PIPING .............................................................................................................. 3
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3
FURTHER INFORMATION ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
WORK FLOW ASSIGNING SOIL PROPERTIES .................................................................................................................................... 4
NEW INPUTS IN AUTOPIPE V9.5 .................................................................................................................................................... 4
SOIL OVERBURDEN LOADS ............................................................................................................................................... 5
WORK FLOW SOIL OVERBURDEN LOADS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
OPEN AUTOPIPE MODEL .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
ADDING GAPS/FRICTION/SOIL ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
SELECT A RANGE .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
SOIL PROPERTIES DIALOG .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
EDIT SOIL PROPERTIES DIALOG ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
SOIL OVERBURDEN LOADS DIALOG ................................................................................................................................................ 11
BURIED PIPE RESULT OPTIONS DIALOG ........................................................................................................................................... 13
GENERATE BATCH REPORT........................................................................................................................................................... 14
SEISMIC + THERMAL LOAD CASE ..................................................................................................................................... 16
WORK FLOW SEISMIC THERMAL LOAD CASE ................................................................................................................................ 16
OPEN AUTOPIPE MODEL ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
ADDING GAPS/FRICTION/SOIL ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
SELECT A RANGE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 19
SOIL PROPERTIES DIALOG ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
EDIT SOIL PROPERTIES DIALOG ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
SEISMIC WAVE DATA DIALOG ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
SEISMIC THERMAL LOAD ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
ADDING A SAM CASE ................................................................................................................................................................. 25
BURIED PIPE RESULT OPTIONS DIALOG ........................................................................................................................................... 27
CODE COMBINATIONS ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
GENERATE BATCH REPORT........................................................................................................................................................... 29
BUILDING SETTLEMENT .................................................................................................................................................. 31
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WORK FLOW BUILDING SETTLEMENT .......................................................................................................................................... 31
OPEN AUTOPIPE MODEL ............................................................................................................................................................ 32
ADDING GAPS/FRICTION/SOIL ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
INSERT IMPOSED DISPLACEMENT .................................................................................................................................................. 33
DEFINE LOADS AND RUN ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................ 35
BURIED PIPE RESULT OPTIONS DIALOG ........................................................................................................................................... 36
CODE COMBINATIONS ................................................................................................................................................................ 37
GENERATE BATCH REPORT........................................................................................................................................................... 38
ASME NC/ND ADAMS ET. AL. STRESS SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 39
WORK FLOW ASME NC/ND ADAMS ET. AL. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 39
OPEN AUTOPIPE MODEL ............................................................................................................................................................ 40
ADDING GAPS/FRICTION/SOIL ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
SELECT A RANGE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 42
APPLY SOIL LOADS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 43
ADDING A THERMAL LOAD CASE ................................................................................................................................................... 46
BURIED PIPE RESULT OPTIONS DIALOG .......................................................................................................................................... 47
COMBINATIONS DIALOG .............................................................................................................................................................. 48
CREATE ADAMS ET. AL. STRESS SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 49
GENERATE BATCH REPORT........................................................................................................................................................... 50
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION .................................................................................................................................... 51
VIEW SOIL PROPERTIES ............................................................................................................................................................... 51
LOAD COMBINATION DIALOG ....................................................................................................................................................... 52
BURIED PIPE RESULT OPTIONS DIALOG ........................................................................................................................................... 53
SOIL OVERBURDEN CATEGORIES ................................................................................................................................................... 53
SEISMIC + THERMAL CATEGORY .................................................................................................................................................... 53
BUILDING SETTLEMENT CATEGORY ................................................................................................................................................ 54
SOIL OVERBURDEN STRESSES APPLICATION ON AUTOPIPE PIPING POINTS ............................................................................................ 54
BUOYANCY FORCE EXERTED ON BURIED PIPING ............................................................................................................................... 55



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Assigning Soil Properties to Buried Piping
Introduction
The analysis of a buried piping system requires special modeling consideration. This is because the
restraint (support) provided by soil surrounding a buried pipe is continuous. As AutoPIPE analysis is
based on discretely defined points, so an accurate model of the soil's restraint capabilities would
require the definition of a number of closely spaced piping points. Each soil point would then require a
set of support springs which model the stiffness(es) provided by the soil at that point.
In AutoPIPE, user can select a range of pipeline and assign soil stiffness properties in four directions
and soil spring spacing for that range. Three sets of soil stiffness values can be assigned per soil
identifier, which enables the user to define a low bound, average, and high bound stiffness values. In
addition, AutoPIPE also has built in soil stiffness calculator, which automatically calculates soil stiffness
values based on soil properties entered by the user. Two methods for calculating the soil properties i.e.
AutoPIPE, and ASCE 2001 w/2005 addenda are provided. Moreover, A simplified tool for calculating
virtual anchor length has also been provided.
In AutoPIPE version 9.5, additional capabilities for calculating stresses in a buried piping due to the soil
load on top of pipe, soil overburden loads like traffic loads, ring buckling, effect of seismic wave
propagation, and building settlement effects. The workflows and additional information for calculating
these stresses has been detailed in this tutorial.
Further Information
For further information on how to insert soil properties to a pipe sections, refer to online help "Help >
Reference Information > PipeSOIL" and "Modeling Approaches > Example Systems > PIPE-SOIL
Interaction: Transition Example. You can always press the Help button on each dialog for specific
information.

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Work Flow Assigning Soil Properties


New Inputs in AutoPIPE v9.5
In AutoPIPE version 9.5, a couple of new input parameters are added to the Soil Parameters input grid.
These are marked with an asterisk (*) to highlight that these inputs are required for calculation of
additional stresses only. Height of water on top of pipe is used for calculation of submerged soil weight
and buoyancy force exerted on pipe. Soil Adhesion is used in calculation of equivalent temperature dT
due to seismic wave propagation. Other additional inputs added in AutoPIPE version 9.5 will be
discussed in the sections below.
Create a new model or open
Existing AutoPIPE Model
Select pipe range for inserting
Soil Properties
Open Soil Properties dialog
(Insert > Soil Properties) and
click on Enter Soil Properties
Modify Soil input Parameters
on the Edit Soil Properties
dialog, and generate soil
stiffness values
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Soil Overburden Loads
Work Flow Soil Overburden Loads


Open Existing AutoPIPE Model
Select pipe range for Soil
Properties
Open Soil Dialog (Insert > Soil
Properties) and generate soil
stiffness values
Open Edit Soil Properties dialog
and click on Soil Overburden
Loads
Analyze the model and open the
Buried Pipe Result Options (Tools >
Model Options > Buried Pipe
Results..." dialog to select options
related to Soil Overburden Categories

Generate batch output report
and review results
Add Non-Linear Option in the
Static Analysis dialog
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Open AutoPIPE Model
Open Model SOILOVERBURDEN_1.DAT


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Adding Gaps/Friction/Soil
In order to avoid any inconsistencies in the model, add Gaps/Friction/Soil by opening the Analysis Set
dialog (Load > Static Analysis) and modifying the first Analysis Set No.

Click OK on both windows, and when it asks if the analysis should be run, click No.
Note: Important to generate the seismic wave propagation thermal case before running the static
analysis


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Select a Range
Select the range A04 N+ to A07. This will be used to apply the soil load.


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Soil Properties Dialog
Open Soil Properties dialog through Insert > Soil Properties
Define the Soil ID to APIP_H and Maximum Spacing to the default 80 inches
Click the Enter Soil Properties button


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Edit Soil Properties Dialog
For further explanation of how soil stiffness properties are generated, please refer to "Online Help >
Reference Information > PipeSOIL" and "Online Help > Modeling Approaches > Example Systems >
PIPE-SOIL Interaction: Transition Example". Soil stiffness values can be generated by changing the
Calculation Method and pressing the Generate command button.
Note the default Soil Parameters; these values will be used to apply the soil load to the piping
Click on the Generate button to fill out the k1, p1, and k2 values
Click on the Soil Overburden Loads button to open Soil Overburden Loads dialog


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Soil Overburden Loads Dialog
All parameters need to be defined. Note that this dialog is only available for B31.1 (2004 or later) and
ASME NC/ND (2004 or later).
The Pipe Identifier is required to be selected so that user can refer to which pipe IDs are used on the
previous dialog Edit Soil Properties in front of f. When displaying the soil overburden stress f in the
output report, AutoPIPE automatically uses the required pipe properties at each point.
Pressure on pipe due to surface load depends on the Surface Live Load Type dropdown box, and can
be zero. Three surface load files (Highway-H20, Cooper-E80, and Airport-180) with pressure values at
different depths taken from ASCE 2001 are provided by default. Users can create custom live surface
load files by entering values of pressure on pipe due to external loads on different depths below
ground. The format of the file needs to be the same as the other "*.SLD" files shipped with AutoPIPE.
The Trench Laying conditions are taken from ANSI AWWA C150 and the values of Modulus of passive
soil fill reaction E', Bending moment coefficient Kb and Deflection coefficient Kx are defaulted to the
values for AWWA C150 when trench laying condition is changed.
The last four entries are dependent on which calculation method has been chosen. The default is
Adams et. al., however ASCE 2001 and AWWA C150 can be selected in the Buried Pipe Result
Options dialog. The Buried Pipe Result Options dialog must also be used to include the Soil Overburden
Loads in code compliance of the output report.
Change the Surface Live Load Type to Airport-180k
Accept the defaults by clicking OK
The value for f should now be 17431 psi. Click OK in the Edit Soil Properties dialog and Soil
Properties dialog.
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Perform Analysis
Run the analysis (Analyze > Analyze All)
Buried Pipe Result Options dialog
Note the default values in the Soil Overburden Categories section of the dialog. The calculation
methods available are Adams et.al. AWWA C150 and ASCE 2001. The soil input parameters allow the
user to select what values of the Soil Parameters from the Edit Soil Properties dialog are used.
Open the Buried Pipe Result Options dialog (Tools > Model Options > Buried Pipe Result
Options)
Before accepting changes, be sure to check the Display circ. Wall bending & ring buckling in
code compliance so the results of the soil overburdening is displayed in the output

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Generate Batch Report
Selecting Code Compliance allows the user to see the Circumferential Wall Bending Stress and Ring
Buckling Pressure with allowable value.
Open Batch Report dialog through Result > Output Report
Include Code Compliance as a section to review

Review the results at each point in the batch output report:
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The file SOILOVERBURDEN_2.DAT is included and contains the final result of this.
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Seismic + Thermal Load Case
Work Flow Seismic Thermal Load Case

Open Existing AutoPIPE Model
Generate seismic wave
propagation equivalent thermal
case(s) using the Generate
Seismic Thermal Load Case (Load
> Seismic Thermal Load)

Assign soil IDs to buried piping points
entering soil properties for each soil
ID and generate soil stiffness values
For each soil ID, also assign the
Seismic Wave Data using Seismic
Wave Data dialog.
Analyze the model and open the
Buried Pipe Result Options ("Tools >
Model Options > Buried Pipe
Results...") dialog to assign options
related to Seismic + Thermal
Categories

Generate the code compliance
report to see the seismic +
thermal stresses due to the
combined effect of seismic wave
propagation, seismic anchor
movement, and operating
temperature cases
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Open AutoPIPE Model
Open Model SEISMICTHERMAL_1.DAT Note that for this model two thermal load cases have been
created.
1. A seismic wave propagation equivalent thermal case which will be combined with a SAM case
to give you the Seismic part in the Seismic + Thermal load combination
2. An operating thermal case which gives you the Thermal part in the Seismic + Thermal load
combination


Page 18

Adding Gaps/Friction/Soil
In order to avoid any inconsistencies in the model, add Gaps/Friction/Soil by opening the Analysis Set
dialog (Load > Static Analysis) and modifying the first Analysis Set No.

Click OK on both windows, and when it asks if the analysis should be run, click No.
Note: Important to generate the seismic wave propagation thermal case before running the static
analysis

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Select a Range
Select the range A04N to A07. This will be used to apply the soil load.


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Soil Properties Dialog
Open Soil Properties dialog through Insert > Soil Properties
Define the Soil ID to APIP_H and Maximum Spacing to the default 80 inches
Click the Enter Soil Properties button


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Edit Soil Properties dialog
Note the default Soil Parameters. These values will be used to apply the soil load to the piping. For
further explanation of how soil stiffness properties are generated, please refer to "Online Help >
Reference Information > PipeSOIL" and "Online Help > Modeling Approaches > Example Systems >
PIPE-SOIL Interaction: Transition Example". Soil stiffness values can be generated by changing the
Calculation Method and Soil Type and then pressing the Generate command button.
Leave the Calculation Method as default and click on the Generate button to fill out the k1, p1,
and k2 values
Check to see that the new values at the bottom of the dialog are the same as the image below
Click on the Seismic Wave Data button to open the Seismic Wave Data dialog


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Seismic Wave Data dialog
All parameters need to be defined. Seismic wave type affects seismic wave coefficient aw and seismic
wave curvature coefficient ak. Note that this dialog is only available for B31.1 and ASME NC/ND years
2004 and higher.
Check Assign seismic wave data above to all Soil Identifiers
Click OK
Click Yes to confirm that you wish to apply this data to all soil identifiers
The value of dT on the Edit Soil Properties dialog should now read 72.507 deg F
Close both dialogs by clicking OK


The Pipe Identifier is required to be selected so that user can refer to which pipe IDs are used on the
previous dialog Edit Soil Properties in front of dT. When calculating the temperature using the
Generate Seismic Thermal Load Case, AutoPIPE automatically uses required pipe properties at each
point.
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The strains generated in the pipe due to seismic wave propagation are calculated and using these
strain values, an equivalent temperature dT is calculated using coefficient of expansion for the material
. Ambient temperature is added to dT to reflect the effects of this temperature rise. This temperature
can then be added to a temperature case to simulate the effects of seismic wave propagation.
AutoPIPE calculates coefficient of expansion values based on expansion values of the material at
ambient temperature + 10 deg F. In case of non standard (NS) material, the expansion values are not
available from the library. In this case AutoPIPE uses the expansion value for steel taken as 6.5E-6
in/in/deg F.
AutoPIPE calculates both axial and bending strains due to wave propagation and takes the maximum of
two values. However, if the Add axial and bending strain for calculation of temperature is checked,
both the strains are added for calculating temperature.
If the Seismic data is the same for all soil IDs, you can define seismic data for one soil ID and use
"Assign seismic wave data above to all Soil Identifiers" option to set the same seismic data for all soil
identifiers. The final value for dT should be 72.507 deg F.


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Seismic Thermal Load
An existing thermal load case can be modified by selecting it as Thermal load case to modify. AutoPIPE
will overwrite the temperatures at piping points for selected thermal load case with the calculated
seismic wave equivalent temperature depending on the different options on the dialog. This
temperature case can then be used in Seismic+Thermal category to be combined with the SAM case as
required by Adams method.
AutoPIPE calculates both axial and bending strains due to wave propagation and takes the maximum of
two values. However, if the Add axial and bending strain for calculation of temperature is checked,
both the strains are added for calculating temperature.
Open the Generate Seismic Thermal Load Case dialog through Load > Seismic Thermal Load
Click OK to accept the default values

The temperature change from this dialog is shown below.


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Adding a SAM Case
Add a SAM case to the model.
Apply an Imposed Displacement (Insert > Xtra Data) of 5 inches in the Y direction on point A06
Set the Load case combine with to S1 and ensure that the Support Group No. is set to 1
Apply a SAM to the Support Group No. by opening the SAM / MSRS Support Group dialog
(Insert > SAM/MSRS Support Group)
Accept the default values
Finally, run the SAM Analysis (Analyze > Seismic Anchor Movement)


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Perform Analysis
Run the analysis (Analyze > Analyze All)
Buried Pipe Result Options dialog
In order to activate the Display seismic + thermal combination in code compliance, both Thermal case
used for seismic wave propagation load and SAM case combined with seismic wave propagation
must have valid cases selected. Any SAM case that is available and analyzed can be selected as the
SAM case combined with seismic wave propagation. Select T1 and S1, respectively.
The Thermal case used for seismic wave propagation load should be selected as the temperature case
which has the equivalent seismic wave propagation temperature values assigned to it at each point.
Other operating thermal cases will then be automatically combined with these two load cases to
generate default combinations as per Adams method.
Open the Buried Pipe Result Options dialog (Tools > Model Options > Buried Pipe Result
Options)
Select T1 and S1 for Thermal case used for seismic wave propagation load and SAM case
combined with seismic wave propagation, respectively
Check Display seismic + thermal combination in code compliance and click OK


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Code Combinations
Open the Load Combination dialog (Tools > Combinations). Click on the Code Comb. tab and ensure
that WavePR+SAM and Seismic + T2 are shown.

If Seismic + T2 does not show, open the Analysis Sets dialog (Load > Static Analysis Sets) and modify
the first Analysis Set No. to make sure that T2 is selected. If it is not, select it and re-run the Analysis
(Analyze > Analyze All). Recheck the Load Combination dialog to see the new combination.

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Generate Batch Report
Open Batch Report dialog through Result > Output Report
Include Code Compliance as a section to review Seismic + Thermal combinations
Click OK to review the output report

Review the results at each point in the batch output report:
Page 30


The file SEISMICTHERMAL_2.DAT contains the final result of this tutorial.
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Building Settlement
Work Flow Building Settlement

Create ASME B31.1-2010 model
and insert piping components
Insert Imposed Support
Displacement (Insert > Xtra Data >
Imposed Support Displacement...)
Analyze the model and open the
Buried Pipe Result Options (Tools
> Model Options > Buried Pipe
Results...") dialog to assign
options related to building
settlement
When the "Buil Sett" option in Buried
Pipe Result Options is checked then the
combination dialog will display the
additional category for ring buckling
Generate the code compliance report
to see the seismic + thermal stresses
due to the combined effect of seismic
wave propagation, seismic anchor
movement, and operating
temperature cases
Page 32

Open AutoPIPE Model
Open the BuildingSettlement_1.DAT model.


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Adding Gaps/Friction/Soil
In order to avoid any inconsistencies in the model:
Add Gaps/Friction/Soil by opening the Analysis Set dialog (Load > Static Analysis) and
modifying the first Analysis Set No
Click OK on both dialogs
When it asks if the analysis should be run, click No
Note: Important to generate the seismic wave propagation thermal case before running the static
analysis

Insert Imposed Displacement
By inserting an imposed displacement as a user case, it is possible to display the building settlement
category in code compliance. Place an imposed displacement at A07 (should be the final anchor in the
model).
Open the Imposed Support Displacements dialog through Insert > Xtra Data > Imposed Support
Displacement.
Set Load case to combine with to U1
Set Y-translation to -5.0 inches
Click OK to close the dialog
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Define Loads and Run Analysis
Open the Analysis Sets dialog (Load > Static Analysis Sets) and modify Analysis set No. 1 to
include U1 for analysis
Click OK and run the analysis


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Buried Pipe Result Options dialog
Open the Buried Pipe Result Options dialog through Tools > Model Options > Buried Pipe
Result Options
In the Building Settlement Category section, select user case 1
Check the Display building settlement category in code compliance box below it
Click OK to close the dialog and accept changes


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Code Combinations
Open the Load Combinations dialog through Tools > Combinations
Note the Buil Sett U1{1} entry under the Code Comb. tab.
Click OK to close the dialog


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Generate Batch Report
Open Batch Report dialog through Result > Output Report
Include Code Compliance as a section to review Building Settlement combination

Review the results at each point in the batch output report:

The file BUILDINGSETTLEMENT_2.DAT contains the final result of this tutorial.
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ASME NC/ND Adams et. al. Stress Summary
Work Flow ASME NC/ND Adams et. al. Summary

Create ASME NC/ND - 2007 model
and insert piping components
Assign soil IDs to buried piping
points entering soil properties for
each soil ID. Assign Soil
Overburden loads, and Seismic
Wave data. Also assign SAM
loading if required
Generate seismic wave
propagation equivalent thermal
case(s) using the Generate Seismic
Thermal Load Case (Tools >
Generate Seismic Thermal
Categories Case)

Generate the code compliance
report to see the seismic +
thermal stresses due to the
combined effect of seismic wave
propagation, seismic anchor
movement, and operating
temperature cases
Page 40

Open AutoPIPE Model
Open Model ADAMS_SUMMARY_1.DAT Note that there are two temperature load cases in this
model.


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Adding Gaps/Friction/Soil
In order to avoid any inconsistencies in the model:
Add Gaps/Friction/Soil by opening the Analysis Set dialog (Load > Static Analysis) and modifying
the first Analysis Set No
Click OK on both windows, and when it asks if the analysis should be run, click No
Note: Important to generate the seismic wave propagation thermal case before running the static
analysis


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Select a Range
Select the range A04 N+ to A07. This will be used to apply the soil load.


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Apply Soil Loads
Open the Soil Properties dialog (Insert > Soil Properties)
Create a soil ID named APIP_H
Accept the default spacing of 80 inches
Click the Enter Soil Properties button

Note the default soil parameters
Click the Generate button
Then click the Soil Overburden Loads button
Change the Surface Live Load Type to Airport-180k
Click OK to close the dialog and accept the defaults
Click on the Seismic Wave Data button
Check the box Assign seismic wave data to all Soil Identifiers
Accept the defaults by clicking the OK button
Click the Yes button on the popup.
The Edit Soil Properties dialog should have the same f and dT values as seen below.
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Accept the dialog changes and return to the model
Insert an imposed displacement (Insert > Xtra Data > Imposed Displacement)
Add a 5 inch displacement in the Y direction on Load case S1 and U1 to points A06 and A07,
respectively.


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Apply a SAM case to the A06 point, by opening the SAM / MSRS Support Group (Insert >
SAM/MSRS Support Group)
Run the SAM analysis (Analyze > Seismic Anchor Movement)

Add U1 case to the analysis through the Static Analysis Load Cases dialog (Load > Static
Analysis) by modifying the first Analysis Set No.
Click No when AutoPIPE asks if you want to analyze the model


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Adding a Thermal Load Case
Generate the thermal load case by opening the Generate Seismic Thermal Load Case (Load >
Seismic Thermal Load)
Check the Add axial and bending strain for calculation of temperature
Accept the other defaults by clicking OK
Notice the changes in the T1 load case in the Review Components Data dialog afterwards


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Perform Analysis
Run the analysis (Analyze > Analyze All)
Buried Pipe Result Options Dialog
Open the Buried Pipe Results Option dialog (Tools > Model Options > Buried Pipe Results
Options)
Notice that most of the fields do not apply in ASME NC/ND and are disabled
Update the fields as seen below and accept the changes.



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Combinations dialog
Open the Load Combinations dialog through Tools > Combinations
Navigate to the User Allowable tab and notice the different combinations
Close the dialog by clicking OK.


Page 49

Create Adams et. al. Stress Summary
Now you can select an operating thermal case, an equivalent seismic Thermal Case and a SAM load
case, which will all be combined to generate the Seismic + Thermal combination as per Adams et. al.
method. The Circumferential Wall Bending Stress and Ring Buckling pressure would be displayed for
each buried point automatically.
Open the Stress Summary dialog through Tools > Stress Summary
Create a new Stress Summary by clicking the New command button
Set the Service Level to C. Note that the Service Level will not affect any of the Adams et. al.
stress summary values
Select the Buried Piping as Adams et. al.
Set Thermal Load Case to T1, Seismic Thermal Case to T2, and SAM Load Case to S.A.M. 1
Make sure that the Print check box is selected, and click OK to accept changes.


Page 50

Generate Batch Report
Open Batch Report dialog through Result > Output Report
Include Stress Summary" as a section to review Adams et. al. stress summary.

Review the results at each point in the batch output report:

The file ADAMS_SUMMARY_2.DAT contains the final result of this tutorial.
Page 51

Miscellaneous Information
View Soil Properties
After opening the Show Options dialog (View > Show Options), select the Soil Properties option
and click OK. AutoPIPE will prompt for a specific soil ID, or all of them. Select which one and accept.
AutoPIPE will display what pipe sections contain soil properties.


Page 52

Load Combination Dialog
After ring buckling , seismic + thermal or building settlement case is enabled in the Buried Pipe
Result Options dialog, the Code Combinations tab in the Load Combinations dialog (Tools >
Combinations) will display the ring buckling as a combination.

The Adam method for NC/ND does not use the Code Comb. tab, but rather uses the Stress Summary
dialog (Tools > Stress Summary).


Page 53

Buried Pipe Result Options dialog
Here, you can change what soil overburden calculations are to be done, as well as seismic and thermal
category and building settlement category.
To open this dialog, go to Tools > Model Options > Buried Pipe Results Options

Soil Overburden Categories
The first dropdown box the calculation method can be selected, which includes Adams et.al, AWWA
C150 and ASCE 2001. This directly affects the results produced. It also dictates which values in the Soil
Overburden Loads dialog are used.
The next dropdown box is the set of data values required for calculation in soil overburden loads and
through wall bending stresses. These values can be seen in the Edit Soil Properties dialog. Adding
circular bending stress to Sustained will consider bending stress along with sustained stress. Ring
buckling allowable safety factor is applied to results as a factor of ring buckling allowable.
In order to include soil overburden load combinations in the output report, the Display checkboxes
must be checked (i.e. Display circ. Wall bending & ring buckling in code compliance)
Seismic + Thermal Category
The first dropdown is used to select which temperature case the seismic wave propagation load is to
be applied. A SAM case can also be applied, which, if both boxes are selected, allows the Display
seismic + thermal combinations in code case check box to enable. Seismic + thermal allowable safety
factor is applied to results as a factor of ring buckling allowable.
Page 54

Building Settlement Category
Building settlement load case dropdown box displays all available user cases that the building
settlement load can be applied. See Add Building Settlement for details.
Soil Overburden Stresses Application on AutoPIPE Piping Points
Soil overburden stresses (circumferential wall bending stress, and ring buckling) are applied on all
intermediate soil points (i.e. +1, +2, etc.). An explanation of soil overburden stresses for AutoPIPE
piping points other than intermediate soil points is as below:


The model displayed above contains nine (09) piping control points and four soil IDs (SOILA, SOILB,
SOILC, and SOILD). The intermediate soil points are not displayed in the snapshot above, and these
intermediate soil points will always have soil overburden stresses defined based on the soil ID defined
for the preceding piping point.
The range on which each soil ID is assigned is highlighted with the legend displaying the color for each
soil ID. AutoPIPE B31.1 (2004 and onwards) and ASME NC/ND (2004 and onwards) will display soil
overburden stresses in code compliance report and Adams et. al. stress summary report based on
reporting and calculation methods selected.
The soil overburden stresses for different piping points and ranges will be displayed depending on
applicable soil ID as below:
Point / Range Soil ID used for
soil overburden
Comments
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stress
calculations
A00 None
A01 to A02 N- SOILA Minus face of bend near point will display soil
overburden stresses due to SOILA
A02 N+ to A02
F+
None
A03 SOILB All intermediate soil points following A03 will have
soil overburden stresses based on SOILB
A04 to A05 N- None If there are no faces (minus, plus) for a piping run
point, the second point will not have soil overburden
stresses. This will assure a consistency if there is a
different soil ID (say SOILX) defined on the range A04
to say A05 N-, in which case A04 will have soil
overburden stresses due to SOILX.
A05 N+ to A05
F-
SOILC When there are two faces (minus, plus) on a piping
point, the minus (-) face will calculate soil
overburden stresses based on preceding point soil
ID, and the plus (+) face will calculate soil
overburden stresses based on current point (range)
soil ID.
A05 F+ to A07 F- None A05 F+ will not have any soil overburden stresses
A07 F+ to A09 SOILD Last point in the segment will have stresses due to
soil overburden based on preceding point soil ID.

Currently, AutoPIPE does not assign different faces to a piping point based on change in soil ID.
Buoyancy Force Exerted on Buried Piping
AutoPIPE requires user to input *Height of water on top of pipe in the Edit Soil Properties dialog for
buried piping. If the buoyancy forces acting on the pipe due to ground water in the upward direction
exceed the net downward forces of the pipe due to pipe weight, this force is reported in the model
input listing for soil. The pipe identifier used in this case is the pipe identifier last selected in the Soil
Overburden Loads dialog. If the net force acts in the downward direction, AutoPIPE reports the
buoyancy force on pipe as zero.
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User may apply a net upward force due to buoyancy in AutoPIPE using the command Insert >
Distributed Loads.