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Peripherals of a computer:

Monitor
The monitor displays the video and graphics information generated by the computer
through the video card. Monitors are very similar to televisions but usually display
information at a much higher resolution.
The Monitor is Also Known As: screen, display, video display, video screen
Keyboard
The keyboard is an input device designed to enter text, characters and other commands
into a computer or similar device.
Modern computer keyboards were modeled after, and are still very similar to, classic
typewriter keyboards. Many different keyboard layouts are available around the world
but most keyboards are of the QWERTY type.
Many keyboards are wireless, communicating with the computer via Bluetooth or an R
receiver.
Mouse
The mouse is an input device designed to manipulate ob!ects on the computer screen.
The Mouse is Also Known As: pointer
"abinet
"omputer cabinets are fitted with doors and side panels #which may or may not be
removable$. "abinets enclose a rack, which is a frame that provides a means for
mounting electronic e%uipment. "abinets come in a variety of styles, colors, and many
contain baffles, fans, and other features.
&M'&
&M'& stands for &witched Mode 'ower &upply. (t is basically a power supply unit in
everything from T)s to *"+ monitors, camcorders to printers and fax machines. (t,s
been in use in the military before it made its way into consumer electronics.
- &witched.mode power supply #also &witching.mode power supply, &M'&, or simply
&witcher$ is an electronic 'ower &upply /nit #'&/$ that incorporates a switching
regulator in order to provide the re%uired output voltage. -n &M'& is actually a power
converter that transmits power from a source #e.g., a battery or the electrical power
grid$ to a load #e.g., a personal computer$ with ideally no loss. The function of the
converter is to provide a reliable output voltage often at a different level than the input
voltage.
-T0 "able
ATX #-dvanced Technology e0tended$ is a motherboard form factor specification
developed by (ntel in 1223 to improve on previous de facto standards like the -T form
factor. mains voltage switch with the four pins connected to wires from a four.
core cable.
Male connectors
- male connector is a connector attached to a wire, cable, or piece of hardware, having
one or more exposed, unshielded electrical terminal s, and constructed in such a way
that it can be inserted snugly into a receptacle # female connector $ to ensure a reliable
physical and electrical connection . This type of connector is also known as a plug. -
male connector can be recogni4ed by the fact that, when it is disconnected or removed,
the unshielded electrical prongs are plainly visible.
The most common male connector is a two. or three.prong plug attached to the end of
the cord for an electrical appliance.
emale "onnectors
- female connector is a connector attached to a wire, cable, or piece of hardware, having
one or more recessed holes with electrical terminals inside, and constructed in such a
way that a plug with exposed conductors # male connector $ can be inserted snugly into
it to ensure a reliable physical and electrical connection . - female connector is also
known as a !ack, outlet, or receptacle. This type of connector can be recogni4ed by the
fact that, when it is disconnected or removed, the electrical conductors are not directly
exposed, and therefore are not likely to make accidental contact with external ob!ects
or conductors.
The most common female connector is a two. or three.prong electrical outlet, also
known as a wall outlet.
Motherboard
The motherboard serves to connect all of the parts of a computer together.
The "'/, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card,sound card and other ports and
expansion cards all connect to the motherboard directly or via cables.
The motherboard can be thought of as the 5back bone5 of the computer.
'rocessor
The processor #CPU, for Central Processing Unit$ is the computer,s brain. (t allows the
processing of numeric data, meaning information entered in binary form, and the
execution of instructions stored in memory.
6eat &ink fan
- component designed to lower the temperature of an electronic device by dissipating
heat into the surrounding air. -ll modern "'/s re%uire a heat sink. &ome also re%uire a
fan. - heat sink without a fan is called a passive heat sink; a heat sink with a fan is
called an active heat sink. 6eat sinks are generally made of an aluminum alloy and often
have fins.
7orth Bridge
The northbridge is part of a family of (ntel microchips, used to manage data
communications between a "'/ and a motherboard within (ntel chipsets based on (ntel,s
6ub -rchitecture. (t is designed to be paired with a second support chip known as
a southbridge.
The northbridge has historically been one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on
a '" motherboard, the other being the southbridge. (ncreasingly these functions have
migrated to the "'/ chip itself, beginning with memory and graphics controllers.
&outh Bridge
The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal
computer #'"$ motherboard, the other being thenorthbridge. The southbridge typically
implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a
northbridge8southbridge chipsetcomputer architecture. (n (ntel chipset systems, the
southbridge is named Input/Output Controller u! "IC#. -M+, beginning with
itsusion -'/s, has given the label $C, or $usion Controller u!, to its southbridge.
The southbridge can usually be distinguished from the northbridge by not being directly
connected to the "'/.
"M9&
Complementary metaloidesemiconductor #CM!"$ is a technology for
constructing integrated circuits. "M9& technology is used
in microprocessors, microcontrollers, static R-M, and other digital logic circuits. "M9&
technology is also used for several analog circuits such as image sensors #"M9&
sensor$, data converters, and highly integrated transceivers for many types of
communication. rank :anlass patented "M9& in 12;<.
R-M
R-M is an acronym for ran%o& access me&or', a type ofcomputer memory that can
be accessed randomly= that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching
the preceding bytes. R-M is the most common type of memory found in computers and
other devices, such asprinters.
"+ > R9M
- C#$%!M is a pre.pressed compact disc which contains data. The name is
an acronym which stands for 5"ompact +isc Read.only memory5. "omputers can read
"+.R9Ms, but cannot write on them.
"+.R9Ms are popularly used to distribute computer software, including video games and
multimedia applications, though any data can be stored #up to the capacity limit of a
disc$. &ome "+s hold both computer data and audio with the latter capable of being
played on a "+ player, while data #such as software or digital video$ is only usable on a
computer #such as (&9 2;;? format '" "+.R9Ms$. These are called enhanced "+s.
B(9&
&'!" is a chip located on all motherboards that contain instructions and setup for how
your system should boot and how it operates. (n the picture to the right, is an example
of what a B(9& chip may look like on your computer motherboard. (n this example, this
is a picture of an -M(B(9&, a type of B(9& manufacture by the -M( another good
example of a B(9& manufacturer is 'hoenix.
6ard +isk
- hard disk is part of a unit, often called a 5disk drive,5 5hard drive,5 or 5hard disk drive,5
that stores and provides relatively %uick access to large amounts of data on an
electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces. Today,s computers typically come
with a hard disk that contains several billion bytes #gigabytes$ of storage.
"+ +rive
In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic
waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or
from optical discs. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both
readers and recorders, also called burners or writers. Compact discs, DDs, and !lu"ray discs are
common types of optical media which can be read and recorded by such drives. #ptical drive is the
generic name$ drives are usually described as %CD% %DD%, or %!lu"ray%, followed by %drive%, %writer%,
etc.
@umper 'in
In electronics and particularly computing, a jumper is a short length of conductor used to close a
break in, or bypass part of, an electrical circuit. &umpers are typically used to set up or
configure printed circuit boards, such as the motherboards of computers.
&-T- cable
Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage
devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives. Serial '(' replaces the older '(
'ttachment standard ('('$ later referred to as )arallel '(' or )'('), offering several advantages
over the older interface* reduced cable si+e and cost (seven conductors instead of ,-), native hot
swapping, faster data transfer through higher signalling rates, and more efficient transfer through an
(optional) I.# /ueuing protocol.
'"( &lots
)CI slots are general purpose slots that take a wide variety of cards, such as network cards and
sound cards. (hey only run at 0012+ and are slowly becoming obsolete as more cards are now being
made for the newer and faster )CI 34press slots instead. 5hen )CI slots appeared in computers they
replaced IS' slots, which you will only find in older )Cs.
)A- "able
' Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a three"row 67"pin D3"67 connector. (he 67"pin 8'
connector is found on many video cards, computer monitors, and high definition television sets. #n
laptop computers or other small devices, a mini"8' port is sometimes used in place of the full"si+ed
8' connector.
&peakers
Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are speakers e4ternal to a computer, that disable the
lower fidelity built"in speaker. (hey often have a low"power internal amplifier. (he standard audio
connection is a 0.7 mm (appro4imately 6.9 inch) stereo phone connector often color"coded lime green
(following the )C :: standard) for computer sound cards.
'rinter
In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a representation of an electronic document on
physical media such as paper or transparency film. 1any printers are local peripherals connected
directly to a nearby personal computer. Individual printers are often designed to support both local and
network connected users at the same time. Some printers can print documents stored on memory
cards or from digital cameras and scanners.
'arallel ports
' parallel port is a type of interface found on computers (personal and otherwise) for connecting
peripherals. In computing, a parallel port is a parallel communication physical interface. It is also
known as a printer port or Centronics port. It was a de facto industry standard for many years, and
was finally standardi+ed as I333 6;9, in the late 6::-s, which defined a bi"directional version of the
port. (oday, the parallel port interface is seeing decreasing use because of the rise of <niversal Serial
!us (<S!) and =ire5ire (I333 60:,) devices, along with network printing using 3thernet.
&erial 'orts
In computing, a serial port is a serial communication physical interface through which information
transfers in or out one bit at a time (in contrast to a parallel port). (hroughout most of the history
of personal computers, data was transferred through serial ports connected the computer to devices
such as terminals and various peripherals.
7(" "ard
' network interace controller (>IC) (also known as a network interace card, network
adapter, !A" adapter and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects
a computer to a computer network.
Araphic "ard
' video card (also called a video adapter, display card, #raphics card, #raphics $oard, display
adapter or #raphics adapter) is an e4pansion card which generates a feed of output images to a
display. 1ost video cards offer various functions such as accelerated rendering of 0Dscenes and ;D
graphics, 1)38";.1)38", decoding, ( output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors (multi"
monitor).
*-7 "ard
:ith the increasing use of the computers and the networking the local area network of the *-7 is
one such network type which links the two computers in a connection.
or this connection a *ocal area network card or the *-7 card is re%uired which enables the
connection of the computers in a network. (t is a piece of hardware which is connected inside the
'" linking the computer network.
/&B
%niversal Serial &us (%S&) is an industry standard developed in the mid"6::-s that defines the
cables, connectors and communications protocolsused in a bus for connection, communication and
power supply between computers and electronic devices.
+isassembling of a 'ersonal "omputer
(o disassemble a computer you must first make sure the computer is completely shut off and
unplugged from everything. (hen push the power button a few times to drain the power out of the
board.

WARNING: NOT USING THE RIGHT TOOLS WILL CAUSE PERMINENT DAMAGE TO A
COMPUTER!!!!!

1. In the rear of the PC there w!! ether "e a re!ea#e !e$er or #%rew# to ta&e
the %o$er# o'. Do what # ne%e##ar( to re)o$e the #*e +ane!#.

,. -o. w!! nee* to wear an ant/#tat% wr#t "an* an* ha$e an ant/#tat% )at
0ro.n*e* an* %onne%te* +ro+er!(. Wtho.t the#e (o. %an tran#fer (o.r #tat%
to the )other"oar* an* %a.#e +er)anent *a)a0e!

1. Lo%ate the )other"oar* "atter(2 Th# .#.a!!( !oo&# !&e a !ar0e #!$er
3.arter #4e* *#% he!* n "( %!+# or #+rn0#2 On%e !o%ate* re)o$e the
"atter(!

5. D#%onne%t a!! wre# fro) the )other"oar* !ea*n0 to the +ower #.++!(2
#wt%he#2 har* *r$e#2 CD6D7D68!.e/ra(69!o++( *r$e#2 front US8 an* fan
%a"!e#.

ALL +art# #ho.!* "e +!a%e* on the ant/#tat% )at!!!

:. Re)o$e a!! PCI2 PCI/E an* an( other #!otte* re)o$a"!e %ar*# or a*a+tor#.

;. Lo%ate the )o.ntn0 #%rew# for the har* *r$e<#= an* other re)o$a"!e
*e$%e# an* re)o$e the) fro) the %o)+.ter.

Note! #o)e %o)+.ter# ha$e a re!ea#e or #e+arate #et of #%rew# for the
*o%&n0 "a(# that (o. )a( ha$e to re)o$e >r#t n or*er to re)o$e the
*e$%e#..

?. Lo%ate an* re)o$e the #%rew# on the +ower #.++!( on the rear of the
%o)+.ter an* the PCI #!ot %o$er# an* re)o$e the +ower #.++!( fro) n#*e
the %o)+.ter.

@. Lo%ate the #%rew# fro) the )other"oar* an* re)o$e the) %aref.!!(2
re)o$e the )other"oar* #tan* o'# a# we!!2 then re)o$e the )other"oar*.

-ssembling of a 'ersonal "omputer
To rea##e)"!e A.#t fo!!ow the #te+# n re$er#e or*er.

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