Substation Design Electrical Questions

1) What is hybrid substation?

Answer: Hybrid substation is a combination of both conventional air insulated substation (AIS) and
Gas Insulated Substation (GIS). Some of the bays in the substation are gas insulated (enclosed in
modules filled with SF6 gas) and some of the bays are air insulated type (open to atmosphere). The
design of hybrid substation is based on the convenience, local conditions, availability of the area and
cost
2) Why Earthing Grid is Required in Substation?
Answer: In electrical substation in order to limit the step potential and touch potential to sufficiently
safe values and to control the influence of the short circuit currents on telecommunication
installations. A Strong earthing network is provided. This is provided to effectively earth the systems
with high earth fault currents
3) What are the different current transformers used in substation?
Answer: Current transformers in substations are generally used for reducing or stepping down a.c
currents from higher value to lower value for the purpose of measuring, protection and control
purposes. There are two classes of current transformers.
MEASURING CURRENT TRANSFORMERS:
They are used for measuring purposes.They are used with ammeters, watt meters, KVA meters and
kWh meters for reducing line current to 1 ampere or 5 amperes
PROTECTIVE CURRENT TRANSFORMERS:
They are used with over-current protection, earth fault protection, differential protection, impedance
protection
4) What is the power frequency spark-over voltage?
Answer: Power frequency spark-over voltage is the r.m.s value of the power frequency (50Hz or
60Hz) voltage applied between the line and earth terminals of the arrester and earth which causes
spark-over of the series gap



5) What is Follow Current with respect to Surge Arrester?
Answer: Follow current is the current which flows from the connected power source through lightning
arrester following the passage of discharge currents
6) Which is the basic busbar scheme employed in 220kV and 400kV
substations?
Answer: In case of 220kV and 400kV substations double main busbar scheme or one-and-half
breaker schemes are generally employed
7) Function of Isolators in Substation?
Isolators are disconnecting switches which are used for disconnecting of the circuit under no load
conditions. Isolators are placed in the substation such a way that any part of the circuit can be
isolated from the live parts for maintenance purposes. Isolators plays an important role during
maintenance of the substation. Isolators should be always operated under no load condition.
Isolators should be open after opening the circuit breaker and closed before closing the circuit
breaker contacts.
8) Function of earth switches in substation?
Earth Switches in substation are employed to connect the conductors to the earth thereby
discharging any charging currents due to capacitance. Earth switches are employed for the
protection of operating personnel. Earth switches are operated along with isolators. When isolators
opens, earth switches immediately connects the conducting parts to ground