Yngwie

EFFECT OF YNGWIE MALMSTEENS GUITAR STYLE ON
THE THAI GUITARISTS

SARAWUT WIWAN

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (MUSIC)
FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES
MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY
2004

ISBN 974-04-5196-9
COPYRIGHT OF MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to Assoc.
Prof. Narongchai Pidokraj my Principle Advisor for his kindly support. I am equally
grateful to Lecturer Kitti Sripouraya and Lecturer Surat Kemaleelakul my Associated
Advisor for his constructive comments, guidance, invaluable advice, supervision and
encouragement throughout.
I would like to thank Asst. Prof. Anak Charanyananda and Lecturer Anan
Nak-khong for their helpful guidance and suggestion of my thesis.
I wish to thank the Thai guitarists Mr. Prart Arunrangsri, Mr. Jakarin
Duangmaneeratanachai, Mr. Pattarawut Muti, Mr. Worrawit Chareonpolnapachai,
Mr. Sirisak Sirichottinant, Mr. Seree Sae-lee, and Mr. Ekachai Kraiarnont for their
valuable information of this research.
I also would like to thank all of my friends in Music College for their
supports and encouragement all the time.
Finally, I would like to dedicate the value and worth of my thesis to my
lovely grandfather and grandmother who stay in the heaven. Thanks my greatest
parents for giving me born, education and all the best things of my life. I also wish
to thank my teachers, my cousin and all of supporter for helping me to succeed this
thesis.

Sarawut Wiwan

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol. Univ. Thesis / iv
EFFECT OF YNGWIE MALMSTEENS GUITAR STYLE ON THE THAI
GUITARISTS

SARAWUT WIWAN 4237128 MSMS/M
M.A. (MUSIC)

THESIS ADVISORS : NARONGCHAI PIDOKRAJT, B.Ed., M.Ed., M.A, KITTI
SRIPOURAYA, B.A., M.A., SURAT KEMALEELAKUL, M.M.

ABSTRACT
This qualitative research aims to determine the effect of Yngwie Malmsteens guitar
style on the Thai guitarists. The data were collected by interviewing well-known Thai-
guitarists and a survey of related information from articles, journals, publications, The
Internet, in addition to Thai-guitarists observations. The data were analyzed and compared
with Yngwie Malmsteens guitar style to indicate the effect of his influence on the Thai
guitarists.
Yngwie Malmsteen is a swedish guitarist who has achieved widespread acclaim since
1984. The analysis of Yngwie Malmsteens guitar style indicates that the Harmonic minor is
his prominent scale for song composition and guitar playing. The sequence is a major stylistic
technique for developing melody for songs. Notably, he prefers using Arpeggio to compose
the melody line. Sweep-picking is also popularized by Yngwie Malmsteen, which is a useful
and a unique technique for performing very fast consecutive arpeggios, and increasing the
melody density.
From the results of this study, it follows that Yngwie Malmsteen has been greatly
influential on Thai guitarists due to his technical proficiency and neoclassical music elements
with heavy rock guitar. Most Thai- rock guitarists follow Yngwies guitar style, and some
have launched their albums in neoclassical form, follwing Yngwies guitar style. Moreover,
the Thai guitarists also use the sequence on harmonic minor scale for improving melody line
and increasing melody density. Also, sweeping picking technique is widely accepted by Thai
guitarists for performing very fast arpeggios. In conclusion, Yngwie Malmsteens guitar style,
especially the speed-playing pattern, has had a significant influence on Thai guitarists.

KEY WORDS : GUITAR STYLE/YNGWIE MALMASTEEN/EFFECT ON THE THAI
GUITARISTS

86 pp. ISBN 974-04-5196-9
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol. Univ. Thesis / v

- (EFFECT OF
YNGWIE MALMSTEENS GUITAR STYLE ON THE THAI GUITARISTS.)

4237128 MSMS/M

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Sequence Arpeggio
Arpeggio Sweep Picking
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Arpeggio

86 ISBN 974-04-5196-9

LIST OF CONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRACT THAI v
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Significant and Background of the Study 1
1.2 The Objectives of the Study 3
1.3 The Expected Outcome of the Study 4
1.4 The Scope of Study 4
1.5 The Basic Agreement 4
1.6 Terms of Study 4
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The Related Concepts and Theories 6
2.1.1 The Cultural Changing 6
2.1.2 The History and Evolution of American Originated 8
Rock Music
2.1.3 The Development and Typical Characteristics 19
of Rock Music
2.1.4 The Rock Music in Thailand 24
2.2 The Related Matters 26
2.2.1 The Brief History of Guitar 26
2.2.2 The Brief Biography of Yngwie Malmsteen 28
2.3 The Related Researches 31
2.3.1 The Influence of American Music to Thai 31
Popular Music
2.3.2 The Influence of Western Culture to 31
Saman Karnchanapalins Song Composition

vii

LIST OF CONTENTS (CONTINUE)

Page

CHAPTER 3 THE METHODS OF STUDY
3.1 The Primary Data Collection 32
3.2 The Data Classification 32
3.3 The Data Analysis 33
3.4 The Data Presentation 33
CHAPTER 4 THE BIOGRAPHY AND WORKS OF YNGWIE
MALMSTEEN
4.1 The Biography of Yngwie Malmsteen 34
4.2 The Works of Yngwie Malmsteen 37
4.2.1 The Albums 37
4.2.2 The Live Show Records 40
4.2.3 The Guitar-Playing Instruction Media 41
CHAPTER 5 YNGWIE MALMSTEEN S GUITAR STYLE AND
TECHNIQUE
5.1 The Analysis of Black Stars song 42
5.2 Yngwie Malmsteens Musical Style 45
5.3 Yngwie Malmsteens Guitar Style 47
5.4 Yngwie Malmsteens Playing Technique 51
CHAPTER 6 EFFECT OF YNGWIE MALMSTEENS GUITAR STYLE
ON THE THAI GUITARISTS
6.1 Effect of Yngwie Malmsteens Guitar Style on the Thai 56
Guitarists
6.2 Effect of Yngwie Malmsteens Guitar Technique 61
on the Thai Guitarists

viii
LIST OF CONTENTS (CONTINUE)

Page

CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION, DISCUSSION AND SUGGESTION
7.1 Conclusion 65
7.2 Discussion 67
7.3 Suggestion 69

BIBLIOGRAPHY 70
APPENDIX 73
BIOGRAPHY 86

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol. Univ. M.A. (Music) /1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Significant and Background of the Study

Thailand has been contacted with abroad countries for long time, which
resulted in the diffusion of some cultures to Thai society including the western musical
culture. Nowadays, the foreign musical cultures play an important roles covering Thai
popular music, especially the rock music from America.

Rock music firstly originated in the early 1950s in America involving also
the rhythm and blues stylea popular music idiom developed by African-Americans
that combined elements of urban blues, gospel, and country. After rock emerged in
that time, it has since become the most popular and dominant form of music
worldwide. Given with the development of recordings and musical industry, including
the prevalence of broadcasting media, rock music therefore is quickly popular among
America people.

Rock music has been always continuously developed. After the 1950, rock
and roll music was mixed with the others and then classified to many musical styles,
such as Folk-rock, Psychedelic rock, Country rock, Hard rock, Heavy Metal, Jazz rock
or Fusion, Art rock or Progressive rock, Punk rock, Alternative rock and others.
Currently, the rock music term is used to cover various patterns of songs, and it can
digest each rock style to minor form such as Heavy- metal that defined including of
Trash metal, Speed metal, Black metal and Hardcore.

The various rock styles mentioned above is the prominent indication in rock
music development from past to present. Importantly, these rock music developments
are all rooted from American rural music that it was easy to develop among local
Sarawut wiwan Introduction /2
group, and then became the popular style throughout the world (Vittaya
Phubua, 1999: 88).

Although numerous sub-styles of rock exist, rock music is typically
characterized by its driving rhythm, strong beat, and electric accompaniment
particularly electric guitar.

The electric guitar is the major instrument playing in rock music. It was
becoming popular among people who play and crazy in the rock music. With this
reason, electric guitar therefore was developed continuously both the solid guitar itself
and as well the technique of playing. Moreover, the academic institutions are
interested to put the electric guitar into the lessons, and there are many multimedia like
teaching guitar videos, guitar books and also the various music notes were launched to
whom that interested in playing rock. Thats why the electric guitar was accepted and
popular from the past to recent generation.

In the early 1960, The Ventures band has the most important role of
beginning in arrangement the instrumental song for guitar playing. This innovative
influenced many bands to play instrumental songs following the Ventures, such as The
Chantays, The Surfaris and The Shadows, etc.

In 1980 it was the most glory time of the instrumental song of electric guitar.
In the middle of that decade, there are so many improvements the disciplines of
instrumental electric guitar playing songs. It makes the electric guitar is the one
musical instrument that using high skill to play, and resulting in so many excellent
guitarist at that time. The songs in this rime was dominated by many styles such as
Jazz, Rock, Blues, Metal, Classic and as well as Punk. By this development, it makes
the songs complicated in beats, fast style playing and also the content of song lyrics
that more concentrate. This time the instrumental song was becoming popular again
and the well-known guitarist among this group are Yngwie Malmsteen, Vinnie Moore,
Joe Satriani and Steve Vai (Kenyon, In Larkin, Ed., 1992:24)
Yngwie Malmsteen was the one famous guitarist in the world who has been
continuously launched his albums since 1980 to now. The techniques and musical
style of Yngwie Malmsteen was great accepted in rock music world. His skills and
techniques influence the next generation guitarist and also much dominated the Thai
guitarist as well. Chatree Kongsuwan, (2544:82) mentioned to the Overdrive magazine
that Yngwie was the one of the most important guitarist that influenced the Thai
musician with his speed style. Like Eddie Van Halen in the beginning of time that
there is nobody duplicated his playing until the up coming of video teaching and using
time to practice. Thus, he is the one that Thai guitarist and new generation admired in
his playing.

Thailand is the one country that rock music has the important roles. There are
many rock group originated from past to present, and it affect the rock style music in
these days. Currently, the rock star was born in many music production houses and the
style of electric guitar rock was still popular and interested in the new young
generation. Therefore it makes music videos, magazine and radio station become the
most popular in this regime.

Nowadays, there are many electric guitar rock styles in Thailand. The 1980s
ages is the one style that plays a prominent role in Thai musical rock society,
especially Yngwie Malmsteens electric guitar rock style. Thus the researcher decided
to study the effect of Yngwie malmsteens guitar style to the Thai guitarists. With
this study, its outcome will be beneficial to the direction in development of guitar
styles of Thai guitarists and also useful for people who interesting in rock music as
well.

1.2 The Objectives of the Study
1.2.1 To study the biography of Yngwie Malmsteen
1.2.2 To study the guitar style of Yngwie Malmsteen
1.2.3 To study the effect of Yngwie malmsteens guitar style to the Thai
guitarists.

Sarawut wiwan Introduction /4
1.3 The Expected Outcome of the study
1.3.1 To know the biography of Yngwie Malmsteen
1.3.2 To know the guitar style of Yngwie Malmsteen
1.3.2 To know the effect of Yngwie malmsteens guitar style to the Thai
guitarists.

1.4 The scope of the study
In this study, the researcher selects the Thai guitarists songs to analyze and
compare with Yngwie Malmsteen songs, with specifies only the instrumental playing
parts. The selection songs in this study depend on the information derived from
subjects in field study, which are the man who are dominated from Yngwie Malmsteen
guitar style.

1.5 The Basic Agreement
The researcher selects only Yngwie Malmsteens songs to analyze and
compare with Thai guitarists.
The researcher uses the Sibelius program to record the musical notes for
analysis, and uses the international note and Tablature system for presentation.

1.6 Terms of Study
Crooning is a singing style which was popular in America during 1920.It is gently
and softly.
Distortion is the modified instrument making the distorted guitar sound.
Tremolo Picking is a rapid and repetitive variation in pitch for the duration of a note.
Tremolo Arm is a part of an electric guitar that can be used to create a vibrato pitch-
variation effect
Technique is the form or method using in guitar playing.
Tapping is a playing technique executed by using the fingers of the picking hand to
tap behind the frets of the fingerboard, sounding notes.
Bend is a playing technique by using left fingers bends the strings to make an upper
sound
Effect is the results derived from influenced things
Pull off is a stringed-instrument playing technique performed by "pulling" a fretting
finger off the fingerboard.
Palm Mute is a playing technique executed by resting the edge of the picking hand's
palm on the strings near the bridge, producing a dampened sound
Riff is a repeated chord progression or melodic figure or short melodic phrases
Lick is a short melodic phrases often used in solo playing.
Slide is a playing technique by pressing the strings against the fretboard with the left
fingers.
Style is the unique or specific characteristics of music
Sweep Picking is a guitar technique that involves playing one note per string, moving
the picking hand in a smooth fashion, in a single up- or down-stroke
(rather than using alternate picking) while lifting the fingers of the fret
hand to dampen the note. Sweep-picking is a useful technique for
performing very fast arpeggios
Alternate Picking is a playing technique by using right finger to alternate the string
up and down.
Effect is the instruments used to modify guitar sound. There are several types of
effects.
Hammer on is a playing technique by using left finger pressed on strings to produce
sound, without picking.
Sarawut wiwan Literature Review /6
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

In this study, there are three titles of literature review consist of related
concepts and theories, related matters and related researches.

2.1 The Related Concepts and Theories

2.1.1 The Cultural Changing
The cultures are produced by human and also changed by the time as well.
The definitions of cultures are several meaning. E.B. Tylor (referred to Jumnong
Adivattanasitthi, 2000:15) described that culture is the complicated things that
included the knowledge, believe, art, moral, law, tradition and also the capability and
human manner which is created under the member of those societies.

Nuntana Kapillakarn (1999:5) mentioned that Culture is come from the root
word of Latins Cultura, meaning as the mind development and the feel, concept and
knowledge of one ages of human being. This character is the unique of own nation
and means covering the characteristic of politics, economy, conception, philosophy,
religion and as well as the arts. Besides, the Thai Royal Encyclopedia 2493
(referred in Phongpun Maneerat, 1978:12) concluded that Culture is the
development and the prosperity derived from the nature.

Jumnong Adivattanasitthi ( 2000:15) divided the culture into two chapters.
1. Material Culture, this is the culture created by human invention in which
supplying for convenient in the usual lives, which are hard instruments, buildings,
clothes, mechanic accessories, art printing and robot etc.
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol. Univ. M.A. (Music) / 7

2. Nonmaterial culture, this is the non-figure culture. It is the abstract
included of basically human rules, institutions, and attitudes and believe that
harmonized in the human way of life.

However, the cultures both material and nonmaterial can change according to
the social causes, which are referred by Sanitt Samakkarn (1995: 8) as follow:
1. Invention, this included the new technology and also the new reproduction
of tradition and believing system in society. Reproduction, as it is applied to culture,
is the process by which aspects of culture are passed on from person to person or
from society to society. There are a number of different ways in which this can
happen. The most common form of cultural reproduction is "enculturation," which
one anthropologist describes as a partly conscious and partly unconscious learning
experience whereby the older generation invites, induces, and compels the younger
generation to adopt traditional ways of thinking and behaving" This process will be
continue from time to time and changing as cycle that we call enculturation or
socialization.

2. Cultural borrowing, this is the nature of human society that always
borrowing or sharing the culture. The cultural contact whether direct or indirect can
be originated the changing, the borrowing and also the sharing of the culture from
one society to the others. The direct contact such as politics, economic affair,
education religion matters, and including the immigration will bring the cultural
borrowing throughout the world. Besides the direct contact, cultural borrowing can
occur through the mass media-included of newspaper, radio, television and movies.
Nowadays, the way of life from one society can easily pass to the others, which
impulse the borrowing and sharing of culture, such as the case of popular music, hair
style and fashion, which is quickly change by the influent of mass media.

Given with the different way of each culture around the world, the contact by
human relationship is the major cause for cultural borrowing. As we have known
about the territory war in the past time it is the well evident of the cultural contact
that originated the sharing and borrowing of culture worldwide. For Thailand also,
the cultural borrowing and sharing of the western form was found for a long time ago
and becoming the one of our cultural life such as fashion, language, invention ,
technology and the western attitudes. In the part of music, it was said that music in
Thailand influenced completely by the western culture, especially by American
music. Thus, the cultural borrowing plays the important roles in the way of life,
politics, economy, art and as well as the musical culture.

2.1.2 The History and Evolution of American Originated Rock Music
America is the country that consists of many human races such as ethnic
group, immigrated-European and African. The diversity of races was originated the
cultural context and also produced the evolution of the music.

English people are the first group that brings the African to work in 1619 as
slavery at Virginia State, America. Besides, there are several slavery purchasing
around Europe and America-such as the Portuguese purchased slave from Senegal
and sold to Brazil, the English defeat people from Achanti for selling in North
America, French brings slave from Dahome to Haiti and Louis Siena, etc. The
African is the one of human race that have their own culture demonstrating through
the social, religion, music, songs and musical instruments. When they moved to the
other habitat, they still keep and bring their culture and establish them to the new
land. (Melgi&Demory, 1989:1-2)

It has been said that European people has the important role in musical
development in America. They bring classic, march, opera, religion song (gospel),
dancing song and rural song to the new land. Then, the African began to practice the
western style instrument and decided to join in Christ, which the music was
harmonized and mixed together between western and African styles. At the
beginning of time, the spiritual or Negro-spiritual songs were played by the African
working in the farm. The most content of song was derived from the Bible context.
(Isaacs& Martin, 1982: 263). The theme of spiritual song was the original religion
song of Europe but revised by the African techniques, namely; call and response,
short scraps and sometime the new lyrics were sang by improvisation. Moreover, the

major and pentatonic scale are sometime dropped by half note, replaced by the
general scale and low tone as well (Southern, 1971: 88). Unfortunately, the
improvisation method was disappearing in the end of period deal to the chorus
technique replacement ((Isaacs& Martin, 1982: 263).

The music was very popular among American people in the territorial war
period. This result made the new direction and the development of music was created
continuously. Hitchcock (1988:24-25), mentioned that the young generation of the
rich family and sometime the blue collar people can play one kind of the musical
instrument. After the independent day, the music business was improved quickly;
there are musical shop in town, musical press, and also the many of musical schools.
Although, the musician couldnt stand by just only playing music, they could also
teach music to student and even open the musical shop as the additional income
(Hitchcock, 1988:26). Not only musical business growing, but also the music itself
was developed. At this time the new lyrics and musical skill was popular so much
including the gospel, rural song, opera , march, and as well as the instrumental song.

The most American prefer in dancing and entertainment. Hitchcock
(1988:35) referred on William Branfords memory, 1647 about the Merry-Mount that
The citizen was constructed the May-pole place for entertainment, drinking and
dancing that was usually held. Although the American was familiar in classic songs,
they still preferred to attend the live music or short song playing, and the content of
lyric must be purposed on the entertainment much more than the art value. In the
eighteenth century, the dancing song always presented in the end of the concert, until
the middle of 1820-1920 the American music was divided into two types.

1. Cultivated tradition
Cultivated tradition was the music that developed under the conventional
process of tradition and regulation. The music possessed the aesthetic value of the
European standard that audience could feel and realized by the education or through
the experience of listening. It is said that this music meant the regular of classical
music style.
2. Vernacular tradition
This music was aimed to entertain the audience more than the aesthetic value.
The value or beautiful of its sound and lyrics was indicated by the individual or
general audience. The music was implied to any music that was uncomplicated.
In the nineteenth century, the two kinds of music have developed unique
character and clearly separated from each other. From this result, it is the beginning
point of the two types of the American musical culture. One is originated from
cultivated tradition and the other is vernacular tradition (Hitchcock, 1988:53).
However, the entertainment music originated by vernacular tradition still
created the up coming of many kind of music, such as Folk hymn, Negrospiritual,
Gospel, Minstrelsy, Dance music, Bands and Bands music, Ragtime and etc.
The rock music is also categorized as the one vernacular tradition music of
the American. It was developed from several music styles, especially gospel, blues,
rhythm and blues, and country, which was harmonized and revolted in the 1940.

2.1.2.1 Gospel
Gospel is a genre of Christian-themed music, which was popular
among American-Christian in the end of 19
th
century. The Social Gospel was
Protestant Christian movement which placed its emphasis on the application of
Christian principles to society's problems. It also diffused to the other continental
land by missionaries and was called as many named such as, Gospel hymn, Gospel
song, Gospel music or short by Gospel (Eskew & Oliver, In Sadie., 1980:549).
After the civil war, the African was freed from slave. They established the
church for religion ceremony and also developed their unique gospel music.

Charlton (1944:52) stated that Gospel was originated with black slaves in
America and featuring call and response, which is the same basic as Blues. The word
gospel can also found in spiritual songs. The technique singing uses the chorus and
chord according to the western style. Unlike the white Christian gospel that
emphasizes on beat 1 and 3 in the time signature of 4/4 ,which is the regular style of
European music or the other such as Hillbilly music. However, the black Christian

gospel still has a little bit different from Blues, because blues mostly shows an
individual feeling but gospel is a group praying for religion faith.

Bernside (1990: 372) explained that the white-Christian gospel possesses the
soft, mind and traditional music. The major instrument is organ, no need of drum and
guitar. The black-Christian gospel is the same as Blues that usually uses piano, drum
and guitar in playing. This process is the same direction as general music like Blues,
Rhythm and Blues, and Rock and Roll in the early of time.

Vittaya Phubua (1999:49) described the structure of gospel in the 19
th
century
as follow:
1. The chorus technique is arranged into the 4 part style.
The gospel was sung with instrumental accompaniment, at least with piano or guitar
2. The chromatic harmony was used in chorus arrangement for music
and voice melody, making the overall gospel song softer than spiritual song.
3. The content of lyric is very concentrate and much more sensitive
than spiritual song.

2.1.2.2 Blues
Blues is a vocal and instrumental musical form with its earliest
stylistic roots in West Africa, which evolved from African American work songs,
spiritual and featuring call and response among the salves on working time (Kamien,
1976: 562). Early forms of the blues evolved in the Southern United States in the late
19th and early 20th centuries using simple instruments such as acoustic guitar, piano,
and harmonica. Southern (1971, 332-333) referred to the statement of the blues artist
in the beginning period as follow:

William Christopher Handy was an African-American blues composer and
sometimes referred to as The Father of the Blues. He heard the first blues song from
black- beggar at the Mississippi railway station in 1903, and remembered that form
of song to compose his famous song-Memphis blues in 1903. He is also most
remembered for his composition Saint Louis Blues in 1914. Gertrude Malissa Nix
Pridgett Rainey firstly heard the blues from one lady in 1920 while on touring show
with Rabbit Foot Minstrels in Missouri. The song attracted her so much, so she tried
to practice and bring it to play at her concert. Firstly, this song was amazed the
audient whom never heard before. Given with the so many questions what the kind
of that song, Rainy answer that song they heard was Blues. Bunk Johnson, the Blues
artist said when I was young (1880) we played nothing but Blues.

Charlton (1994: 14) explained the Blues song as Blues is the word described
the oppression, regret and misfortune or despair. It was originated from the
oppression of African became as slaves in the new world period, and also related to
unequal right after independent time. Anyway, Blues is not always the sad song
anymore. In the present day, there are many blues songs that contents evolved in the
hope and encouragement for trouble life. It sometimes mentions as the love affair,
comedy and as well as rude matters.

Blues form
Blues song is generally in the time signature of 4/4. In 1 section of blues song
consists of 3 lines of lyric, 3 phrase of melody: each phrase is in 4 bars. Thus, in 1
section of blues song comprises of twelve bar blues, which is the standard form of
blues song. However, it came with many different forms of structure, although the
twelve- or eight-or ten-or sixteen bar structure based on tonic, subdominant and
dominant chords became predominant. Lyrically, verses of early blues songs tended
to consist of a single line repeated two or three times before, such as:
The verse from Lost your head blues by Bessie Smith.
I was with you baby when you did not have a dime.
I was with you baby when you did not have a dime.
Now since you got plenty money you have throw d your good gal down.

Once aint for always, two aint for twice.
Once aint for always, two aint for twice.
When you get a good gal you better treat her nice.

When you were lonesome I tried to treat you kind.
When you were lonesome I tried to treat you kind.
But since youve got money, its done change you mind.
Etc.
(Kamien, 1976: 566)

Blues note
It is the unique structure of blues song originated by African-American, and
influenced to the other kind of blues songs and American songs. Melodically, blues
music is marked by the use of the lowered third and dominant seventh (so-called blue
notes) of the associated major scale. However, we can not clearly specify the position
of blues note. But the one position is approximated between E and Eb and another is
between B and Bb in C major scale, such as:

(Charton, 1994 : 16)

The basic of blues song consists of three chords, namely; Chord I (Tonic),
Chord IV(Subdominant), and Chord V (Dominant). The structure form in 1 section is
shown as follow:

Line (a) Line (a) Line (b)
Bars 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Chords I IV V I

(Kamien, 1976: 563)
There are several kinds of blues song depending on original background.
Therefore, it is divided blues song as follow:

Country Blues
Country blues refers to all the acoustic, guitar-driven forms of the blues.
After blues' birth in the southern United States, it quickly spread throughout the
country, giving birth to a host of regional styles. In those days, the important country
blues that influenced in rock music came from Mississippi delta, called Delta
blues. The well known blues musician in such period was Robert Johnson, John Lee
Hooker, Muddy Waters, and so on.
The most popular music instruments use to play in country blues are guitar,
blues harp or harmonica. String bending is the outstanding technique to indicate the
characteristic of blues sound. Furthermore, country blues musician always uses
bottlenecks (glass tube or metal tube) to slide along with their guitar string; these two
techniques are prominent to produce the sound of blues note.
Besides the above techniques, shuffle beat is also the one unique method to
make the country blues a charming sound.

This is the comparative demonstration of normal beat and shuffle beat.

Normal beat Shuffle beat

(Charlton, 1994: 15-22)

Classic Blues
The classic blues form is still using the 12-bar blues. But out of this era, it
was the woman vocalist (back up by big band or piano) who emerged to move the
blues toward professionalism. First among the Classic Blues singers was "Ma"

Rainey. Tagged as the Mother of the Blues (probably by a record promoter), she was
"the earliest link between the male country blues artists that roamed the back roads of
the South and their female counterparts. The other famous Classic Blues singers are
Bessie Smith, and Willie Mae Big Mama Thorton. It is said that the singing style
of Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith influenced many the following singers in next period
such as Jenis Joplin, Etta James, and so on (Charlton, 1994: 22).

Urban Blues
Urban blues is different from country and classic blues that its band consists
of the rhythm section. Its musical instrument includes of drum, bass guitar, piano and
solo instrument-mostly uses saxophone.
The featuring call and response is still the conventional performance of urban
blues using saxophone or piano in response for verse calling and solo. In the earlier
of this period, guitar is not suitable for solo, until the new evolution of electric guitar;
it can be use as a major instrument to perform in urban blues.
The first spreading of electric guitar was originated in 1930, and the famous
artist was known as Floyd Smith and Eddie Durham. The style and technique of
these two musicians was then developed by jazz guitarist-Charlie Chriatian.
From past to present, the well known urban blues guitarist was Aron
Thibeaux Walker or T-Bone Walker. The other was Riley B. King, which his style
greatly influenced the next generation of guitarist such as Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page,
Jimi Hendrix, and Mike Bloomfield, etc (Charlton, 1994: 24-25).

2.1.2.3 Rhythm and Blues
Rhythm and Blues, or R&B, is a musical term introduced in 1945 for
using in dance. In its first manifestation, it was strongly influenced by jazz and
music. Then rhythm and blues became a white-American version of a predecessor to
rock and roll. While the African-American also developed their new style called
soul music as well (Ammer, 1972: 298).

Generally, blues music reflected to the trouble life of African-American
living in America. But in the same time, not only the tough story, but it also played a
role in order to serve entertainment and happiness.
According to the origin, R&B was originated by minor race of African
American, which tended to gather a group for performing music or dancing. At the
first, all of the instruments were the same as blues used. The action of performance
was funniness, and the solo-saxophonist performed by dancing around the concert
floor to serve the audience. Nevertheless, rhythm and blues characteristic can be
concluded as follow:
- It is a dance music
- Using a back beat (time signature of 4/4, emphasized in beat 2 and 4)
- Using blues note as the basic of melody
- Lack of using the twelve bar blues form
- Using improvisation
- It is composed by using chorus arrangement.

(Charlton, 1994: 26-36)

The example of drum in back beat form.

In such period, there are a lot of famous rhythm and blues artists such as,
Louis Jordan, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Chuck Berry, and so on
(Charlton, 1994: 26-36).

2.1.2.4 Country
Country music, traditionally known as Country and Western music, is
a popular musical form of American, with roots in traditional folk music and ballads
song of West Virginia and Georgia rural communities. These people use country

music for their festival, entertaining affair and dancing. Country music is part of a
folk culture. And the culture's lore, including its ballads and stories, is passed down
by word-of-mouth from generation to generation (Biracree, 1993: 2).

Charlton (1994:37) described the historical background of country song as
from 17
th
to 19
th
centuries, there are so many immigrant roaming from England to
Southern America. This people bring their cultures including the variety of music to
present in the new world such as dance song like Jig, Real, Polka and also the Round
dance style, Hymn song and Folk ballads. In the early time, Fiddle is the popular
musical instrument using to play for dancing, while Guitar, Piano and Banjo was the
instrumental accompaniment with singing. According to Banjo, it was developed by
English folk artist during the civil war, which improved from Banza-the African
instrument playing in the south of America. After the end of war, String bass, Steel
guitar and Autoharp became the one part of popular folk music of southern America.

Roland (1991: 6) mentioned the history of music in the rural part of southern
America in 1920 that Banjo and Fiddle were popular for dancing and entertainment,
guitar was strongly attracted by black labor in hill site, while the rhyme of bible
verses was also popular as well as the folk music.

Given wide with the update of recording and radio broadcasting during the
20
th
century, the southern folk were spreading and then stubbed as the Hillbilly
style. Moreover, it has been more developed in Texas and in last formed the new
featured music named Western Swing.

Western Swing
In the earliest, Western swing was played using fiddle and guitar. After it was
influenced by blues and jazz, then it became to use the twelve bar blues and blues
note for composing its melody. Its style also used the syncopation and improvisation
techniques derived from jazz music. The shuffle beat of drum was the one of unique
structure of western swing received from African American music. The well known
artists of western swing are Bob Will- the Fiddle player who was named The father
of Western Swing, and Donnell Clyde Cooly is also famous of his performance in
California.

Hillbilly Boogy
Hillbilly Boogy music is firstly originated in 1940. This country music style
is the most similar to rock music because of its Boogie-Woogie character that mixed
with country form. It began to use electric guitar in the album of The Maddox
Brothers and Rose.

Blugrass
Blugrass was born due to the development of Hillbilly. Its outstanding is the
Ban dance music, played by using speed beat. The string instruments are a major
component that is fiddle, guitar, banjo, mandolin, dobro and string bass. It is lacking
of drum playing to serve the beat. This music is also influenced by jazz music, which
always founds the solo performance around the band. Anyway, bluegrass is not
influential to rock music directly, but it affected the folk-rock style and as well as
country rock, for example a well known The Eagle.

Honky-tonk
Honky tonk was originally the name of a type of bar common throughout the
southern United States. Thus, this music was firstly born from saloon. Honky tonky
sometimes also offered dancing to piano players or small bands, and sometimes were
also centers of prostitution. The content of songs is related to the unpleasant love.
The prominent sounds of this music contain of Boogie-woogie piano style, drum
beat, bass and also electric guitar. Then the Honky tonky was continuously
developed and became the strong influence to Rockabilly afterwards.
The components of all country music are concluded as follow:
- Firm and consistent beat
- Prefer to use Triad chord
- Using the time signature of 2/4, 3/4 and 4/4.
- In one section consist of eight bars with two phrases in one section.

- Prefer to use the twelve bar blues form
- The two-beat bass is a regular technique, root chord playing in beat 1 and
fifth in beat three.
- The song lyric is always referred to relationship between either the
singers feeling to personal affair and to neighbored social.
- In the time signature of 4/4 is usually divided into eight parts to produce
Boom-Chunk feeling.
- In the Duo style of Hillbilly music, is always composed the major melody
below the chorus line.
- The musical instrument and verses are usually used slide technique from
one note to the others within chord, except the bass that must play
consistently with beat.

(Charlton, 1994: 37-39)

2.1.3 The Development and Typical Characteristics of Rock Music
From the several music mentioned before, it resulted to originate the new
music called rock, that is developed and combined with many music styles
(Kamien, 1976: 598). Rock is an American music form that emerged during the
1950s and has since become the most popular and dominant form of music
worldwide. Although numerous sub-styles of rock exist, rock music is typically
characterized by its driving rhythm, strong beat, and electric accompaniment
particularly electric guitar and amplifier using. Rock music started in the early 1950s
as covers of rhythm and bluesa popular music idiom developed by African-
Americans that combined elements of urban blues, gospel, and jazz. While rhythm
and blues was mostly popular among black audiences during the late 1940s, and it
was renamed as rock n roll in the middle of 1950s and played an important role in
bringing the music to white teenagers.

The country music artist had the important role in rock music development by
combined Blues, Rhythm and blues of black American with country music,
becoming to the first style of rock named Rockabilly.
The word rockabilly was born from the combination of Rock and Hillbilly,
which harmonized the western swing, hillbilly boogie, honky tonky and including
rhythm and blues. The major instruments for playing are electric guitar, acoustic
guitar, double bass and drum. The general style music is performed by the guitar that
plays as solo and for the counter melody, acoustic guitar plays for chord and rhythm,
double bass plays for root and the fifth of chord in beat one and beat three in the time
signature of 4/4; this bass style called two-beat bass. Meanwhile drum plays a role in
blues style of shuffle rhythm, and also emphasizes on black beat. The twelve bar
blues is still the major form of rockabilly music performance (Marlone, n Sadie, Ed.,
1980: 854-855).

Although rock rooted from country and rhythm and blues, but its faster beat
makes the rock differently. Bill Haley (the western swing artist and disk jockey) was
the first musician to pioneer the rock music by forming The Comets to play blues,
rhythm and blues mixed with country style. Until 1955, Bill Haleys Rock Around
the Clock (original soundtrack in Blackboard Jungle) made the first important
breakthrough for rock n roll with its driving dance rhythms and refreshing lyrics.
The result made Bill Haley and The Comets succeeding and became the famous
artist. In 1957, they began to set living show in England and then from this point
effected the rock spreading around the world (Charlton, 1994: 39-40).

Elvis Presley is the most famous rock star, was born in Memphis, Tennessee.
He released the first single My happiness and Thats when your heartaches for
his mother birthday gift in 1954. Then Sam Phillips, the owner of Suns Record,
permitted Elvis to record his song accompanied with Scotty Moor-the guitarist, and
Bill Black-bass player. In early time of his album, some songs of Elvis were still
remaining in the blues and country-bluegrass style.

In the initiative time, the country artist preferred to revise the rhythm and
blues song for recording and broadcasting. They usually improve the song lyrics
from rude word to the beautiful verses, which can present to the public (Byrnsind,
1990: 364).

After the rock-music industry experienced a brief slump in the late 1950s, the
golden age of rock n roll arrived in the 1960s. First, a quartet from Liverpool,
England, called The Beatles (consist of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Gorge
Harrison, and Ringo Star) emerged and dominated the record market in the1964 by
I Wanna Hold Your Hand that maximized the one million copies sell in ten days.
During the 1964 to1965, The Beatle continuously released their various song styles;
namely: the rhythm and blues music such as Roll Over Beethoven (Chuck Berry,
Money, Shes a Woman, the country and western music(rockabilly) such as
Ive Just Seen a Face, Words of Love, the folk music such as Ill Follow the
Sun, and including the ballad style for example And I Love Her and If I Fell
( Hitchcock, 1989: 459-460).

Besides, the tycoon of rock band as The Beatle also pioneered to use and
develop the diversity of musical instruments. They brought the Sitar and the other
electric instruments included the natural sound like clapping or laughing to arrange
in their music. Moreover, the melody of this band has many different direction and
usually used modes in composition, and sometimes the beat changing could be occur
with in the same song (Kamien, 1976: 660).

Given wide with the rock spreading and mixing with the other music style, it
originates the other form of rocks throughout the word, for example;

Pop-Rock
Pop rock music was first found in the 1950s, basically developed from
Crooner song. It sound possesses a soft and mind melody combined with blues and
rhythm and blues style (black beat, improvisation, and syncopation). It always
performs as a singing accompaniment by orchestra band, thus makes the Pop-Rock
characteristics. The image of pop rock artist emphasizes in clean, polite, updated and
fashionable costumes, that it brings of the other name as Teen Idol Pop. In that
period, the famous stars were Pat Boon, Paul Anka, Brenda Lee, and Bob Vee.

Meanwhile, another kind of pop rock was originated in the western America
called Surf rock. Its character is not develop from crooner basic and never uses
orchestra for playing, but using general style of rock music. The instrumental song is
as popular as the voice song. This famous instrumental song in such time was
represented by The Ventures band, while a voice song was well accepted in the
named of The Beach Boys band (Charlton, 1994: 61-73).

Mersey Beat
This is the pop rock music established in England by mixing the popular
English music called Skiffle with the American rock music together. The Beatle is
the most popular of such music style that started playing music by duplicated the
performing style of famous artist like Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly and Little Richard.
They released the first single in 1962 by Love Me Do and P.S. I Love You, and
then became the most popular band in England and again in 1964 the song I Wanna
Hold Your Hand was recorded as the most popular track in America.

Folk rock
Ammer (1972: 122-123) defined the folk rock that it is the local song
transmitted to the next generation by oral tradition, and it is difficult to indicate the
actual author. The singer and musician are usually not strict to play according to the
note. The major purpose of this music is not for commercial point like popular music
but for showing the individual or group feeling. There are many kind of folk rock as
we known such as Lullabies, Battle Songs, Dances, Work Songs, Love Songs and
including the song for history and religion matters.

The background of folk rock was born in America during the middle of
1960s. The lyric content is mostly about personnel opinion whether related in social,
national or war problems. With the part of folk combined with rock music style, it
makes the folk rock becoming the one choice of audience. It is not wrong to state that
the outstanding symbol for this music is Folk guitar, which produces a unique folk
sound, and the most memorial folk rock star was known as named Bob Dyland.


Fusion/ Jazz-Rock
Fusion is the one kind of music originated in 1968. Megil & Demory (1996:
265) described its characteristics as follow:
1. It is preferable to use electric instruments to produce a new sound (Except
some bands such as Chicago, Spyro Gyra and Earth, and Wind & Fire, which still
use some acoustic instruments).
2. The keyboard player usually uses synthesizers to produced strange sound.
3. Its beat tends to like rock style than swing jazz music, and also mixed with
the Latin percussion or example Cowbells, Conga, Bongo, and Wood blocks.
It is the music style which was mixed between jazz, especially Bebop
technique and rockn roll music, form the new style called Fusion. Anyway, it is
also combined with other styles, particularly, swing and funk (Megil &
Demory,1996: 264).

Bernside (1994: 182) mentioned the structure of fusion as it basically
involved the rock music (beat, guitar and verse) combined with swing style and
including jazz technique (chord playing, bronze instrument and saxophone), forming
the new music called jazz rock.

However, Charlton (1994, 182)suggested the different way between jazz rock
and fusion that jazz rock still remains the rock structure and adds with jazz wind
instruments, making it an easy listening song. But fusion usually plays as solo like
the rock style comprised with many amplifier and synthesizer in its music. The
famous fusion artists in such time were Chick Corea, Miles Davis and Joe Zawinul.

Hard Rock
It is originated from the development of blues in England at the end of 1960s.
It basically involved in loud sound and uses distorted guitar and riff for the principle
of major melody. The hard rock music not contains only speed song but also creates
the slow song called slow ballads. The main components are drum, bass, guitar and
synthesizer, and also sometimes adding with piano or acoustic guitar in its music.
The initiative band that influenced the next hard rocker is Bad Company, Free and
Stephen wolf, and so on (Charlton, 1994: 235).

Heavy Metal
It is the same root of hard rock that is developed from the blues in England.
Its unique emphasized the riff than hard rock and drum is still characterized on black
beat. The most style of heavy metal consists of drum, bass and guitar called Trio.
Heavy metal is a form of rock music characterized by aggressive, driving rhythms,
highly amplified/distorted guitars, and often dark thematic elements (Charlton, 1994:
235). The famous bands in the past were the Iron Butterfly, Led Zeppelin and Black
Sabbath.

Burrow (1995: 7) concluded the characteristics of heavy metal that it is
different from rock music, which is stronger and faster. In the 1980, the heavy metal
was classified to the other styles like Speed Metal, Trash Metal, and Death Metal.
These styles stress on the speed, concentration and complication of lyric content and
music itself.

Alternative
The alternative rock or alternative music was coined in the late 1980s to the
early 1990s. It presented the new choice or alternation to audient by using the new
form. The bands didn't fit into the mainstream genres of the time. It also prefers to
use whether the new electric and modern technology or refuse to use. In the first era,
it is popular only in the college campus due to its individual conception. However,
alternative rock became more popular in the last. It spreads widely to other college
radio stations, leading to the name "college rock." Finally, in the late 1980s, a few
commercial stations adopted the format. Notable alternative bands of the 1980s
include R.E.M., Oasis, and etc (Charlton, 1994: 288).

2.1.4 The Rock Music in Thailand
In the past, Thailand has been contact with many countries throughout the
world. This relationship resulted in the culture borrowing and sharing, that in last

such borrowing cultures were adapted and changed consistently to Thai cultural
context. Obviously, the musical culture of western style strongly influenced and
played an important role to the Thai music basement.

The rock music was firstly diffused to Thailand during the Vietnam War
(1954-1972), spreading from the establishment of Americas military base in
Thailand at Sattahip, Uh-taphao, Pataya, Nakornphanom, Udonthani and
Nakornratchasima. Banjong Cholviroj (1995: 80) mentioned to the event in the war
period as The American soldiers preferred to relax in the bar and entertainment club
which so many string music band was originated for supporting the American style.
This western popular song was usually played to serve the soldier and also changing
the Thai audience to accept the new kind of music too. In the end the western style
was mixed and developed with Thai conventional songs, which affected the new
business of such modern song serving to the next young generation afterwards.

Sugree Chareonsook (1995: 72) referred the music in Americans military
base that the demand of music on the base is growing fast, either the American rock
music artist or Thai copied musician bands. The rock music was widely spread from
forced base to the general society. According to the interesting beat and style of rock
music, it attracted the Thai people to accept this new style and resulting the booming
of rock playing in nightclub during the 1972 afterwards.

It is said that military base is also the entertainment place for soldiers. Thus,
there are so many Thai music bands playing the western song inside that. The songs
they played was called Underground Music which performed by the famous artist
such as V.I.P., Heavy Mountain, Kaleidoscope, P.M.5, and The Drivers. Then, this
kind of music began to set in the downtown of Bangkok, originated the many bands
for example The Impossible, The Royal Sprite, The Mummy, and Grand EX. These
latter bands played by copying the western songs in hotel nightclub instead of
military base, in the area around Putphong, Sukhumvit, New Phechaburi Road, and
becoming the popular music among tourist and the new generation in that time
(Sugree Chareonsook, 1995: 4).
Currently, the rock music possesses the high distribution copies selling in the
market. Because the strong influence of domestic and abroad media, it can image that
every styles of rock music is releases in Thailand like the other countries.

2.2 The Related Matters

2.2.1 The brief history of guitar
Guitar-like instruments have existed since ancient times, but the first written
mention of the guitar proper is from the 16th century. It has been continuously
developed and changed in the figures form in shape, size, component, material, string
setting and playing style.

During the 16
th
century, so many cutting edge musical instruments were born
including the string instrument. In such period, there are many instruments were
popular among European region. The string instrument itself was variety depending
on its shape and playing technique. However, with the widely spreading of several
types, some that popular is still remaining to present time but some is disappeared. In
the earliest time, the guitar shape was smaller than Vihuela, an instrument of ancestry
with six double courses. The distinction of guitar that different from Vihuela is about
a bending back, which is similar as the Lute (Vittaya Wausbeon, 1988: 3, 11).

Chapman (1993: 9) described the history of guitar as the guitar was firstly
developed accompanied with Lute and Vihuela, which are popular for playing in the
royal court. Then in the 16
th
century it was diffused widely throughout European area
by artist of roaming show. These artists descended and developed their technique and
playing style by meeting and sharing each other along their journey.

In the early of 17
th
century, the strumming individual chord style was very
popular while the guitar itself was also more interesting by audience and musician.
Thus in such period, songs for guitar was widely composed. Then in the end of 17
th

century it completely succeeded to be an important instrument instead of Lute and
Vihuela.

In the early 18
th
century, piano and the other wide range instruments became
popular affecting the decline of guitar. Anyway In the mid-18th century the guitar
attained its modern form, when the double courses were made single and a sixth
string was added above the lower five. Guitar makers in the 19th century broadened
the body, increased the curve of the waist, thinned the belly, and changed the internal
bracing. The old wooden tuning pegs were replaced by a modern machine head. The
famous guitarists in that time were Dionisio Aguado, Mauro Giuliani, Fernando Sore
and Francisco Tarrega. These expert guitarist were notable for new technique
creation, and in the 1860 Antonio de Torres Jurado was successful in its modern
design and became the world standard of classical guitar until now (Chapman, 1993).

America was one of the excellent guitar makers in the end of 19
th
century. It
invented the flat top and arch top guitars. The two types were different from classical
guitar figure. In the first era, the guitar strings was made by animal tendon and after
that gradually replaced by using iron string in the early of 20
th
century. In the 1930,
the flat top guitar was improved to be a standard form called Folk guitar or Steel-
string acoustic guitar, which is a typical type in nowadays. The important inventor of
folk guitar was Christian Frederick Martin (1793-1873), a German man who lived in
America and found the Martin Company to produce the musical instruments in 1883
(Bacon, 1991: 26).

According to Arch top guitar, it was designed firstly in the beginning of 20
th

century of America. During the following years, Orville Gibson established the
Gibson Company and continued to make instruments in his meager shop. Then in
1894, he has the important role to manufacture mandolins and the other fret-
instruments. The mandolin style was influenced from the violin, that its front and
back side have bending and bulging appearance. Besides, this kind of guitar was built
by setting up the F-holes like the fiddle like-string instrument. Gibson was first
manufactured in 1922 in the name of Gibson L-5 by Lloyd Loar, the designer of
Gibson Company.

During the 1920s, guitar became famous in jazz and dance music. Because of
its silent sound, it was indicated for on rhythm playing. Thus in the following years,
the pick up was developed to boost the guitar sound up. Until the 1931, Rikenbaker
succeeded to develop the first electric guitar named Flying Pan in the first year and
Electro Spanish in the next following year.

The first era of guitar appearance was the arch top linking with pickup, which
produced the terrible feedback sound. Until the American musician and inventor Les
Paul, Loyd Loar, O.W. Appleton, and Paul Bigsby developed prototypes for the
solid-bodied electric guitar and popularized the instrument beginning in the 1940s.
At that time, Paul Bigsby also invented the guitar for a well known country artist-
Merle Travis, and had strong impact to the innovative guitar of Leo Fender in the
following year (Burrows, 1995: 4-5).

An electric guitar is a type of guitar with a solid or semi-solid body that
utilizes electromagnetic pickups to convert the vibration of the steel-cored strings
into electrical current. The current may be electrically altered to achieve various
tonal effects prior to being fed into an amplifier, which produces the resultant sound.
The electric guitar does not need to be naturally loud, and its body can be virtually
any shape such as Hollow Body and Solid Body (Vittaya Wausbean, 1988: 30).

After it popularized throughout, the other additional accessories were also
following developed such as amplifier and effect and its shapes was designed in
many forms for serving into the commercial production. Recently, the guitar is the
most popular musical instrument spreading around the world, which the expectation
of player is more than fifty million players worldwide (Chapman, 1993: 10).

2.2.2 The brief biography of Yngwie Malmsteen
From the www.yngwie.org/Home/Biography, it can conclude the biography
of Yngwie Malmsteen as follow:


Lars Johann Yngwie Lannerback was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on the last
day of June, 1963. Early attempts at piano and trumpet lessons failed to take hold,
and the acoustic guitar his mother bought him at age 5 hung untouched on the wall. It
wasn't until1970, when Yngwie saw a TV special on the death of guitar iconoclast
Jimi Hendrix that a flame ignited in his mind. Yngwie immersed himself in the music
of Jimi Hendrix and such bands as Deep Purple and spent long hours unlocking the
secrets of both the instrument and the music. He also interested to study the classical
music such as Bach, Vivaldi, Beethoven, and Mozart.

In 1978 to 1981, he left the school and worked for a time as a luthier in a
guitar repair shop, putting his woodworking skills to good use. It was here that he
encountered a scalloped neck for the first time when a 17th century lute came into
the shop. About this time, Malmsteen began playing his guitar around Stockholm.

In 1982, he began sending demo tapes to record companies and music
contacts abroad. One such tape found its way into the hands of guitar player
contributor and Shrapnel Music founder Mike Varney. Yngwie was invited to record
with Shrapnel's new band Steeler in 1983 and became a famous artist as an
expertise guitarist. Then in 1984, Yngwie moved on to Alcatrazz produced the two
albums and it also proved to be too limiting, and the only clear course was to go solo.

Yngwie's first solo album, Rising Force made it long lasting top hit on the
Billboard charts. The album also gained Yngwie a Grammy nomination for best rock
instrumental performance. Soon the honors came rolling in: He was voted Best New
Talent in several readers polls, Best Rock Guitarist the year after, and Rising Force
became Album of the Year. The band Rising Force blazed a trail on the concert
circuit that established Yngwie as one of rock guitar's brightest new stars and added a
new genre to the music lexicon: neoclassical rock.

From 1984 to present, Yngwie has been launched his albums as follow:

Albums Year
1. Rising Force
2. Marching Out
3. Triology
4. Odyssey
5. Trail by Fire/Live in Leningrad
6. Eclips
7. Eclips (Double Pack)
8. The Yngwie Malmsteen Collection
9. Fire & Ice
10. The Seven Sign
11. Power and Glory
12. I Cant Wait
13. Magnum Opus
14. Inspiration
15.Facing the Animal
16. Concerto Suit For Electric Guitar and Orchrestra in E Flat
Minor Opus 1
17. Yngwie Malmsteen Live
18. Yngwie Malmsteen Live (Box Set)
19. Alchemy
20. Anthology 1994-1999
21. Best of Yngwie Malmsteen 1990-1999
22. War to End All War
23. Concerto Suit Live
24. Attack
1984
1985
1986
1988
1989
1990
1990
1991
1992
1994
1994
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

1998
1998
1999
2000
2000
2000
2002
2002


2.3 The Related Researches

2.3.1 Vittaya Phubua (1999) studied his research in the title of The influence
of American music to Thai popular music. From this thesis he concluded that in the
past five year Thai popular music is mostly influenced by American style by copy
and modification from original songs. The modified and copied methods are the easy
way to produce the various songs for serving the commercial market. This song
making process is also useful for saving time to release an update or popular style
such in time as well.
2.3.2 Banjong Cholviroji (1995) researched the project of The influence of
western culture to Saman Karnchanapalins song composition. The outcome of
study summarized Samans yeiding is effected relying on his learning process,
experience, the way of life, environment and including the situation of politics. It can
be identified to three periods as; the first is the concept compilation period for
composing the Thai popular song. The second is an experimental period to adapt the
Thai classical music to Thai popular music, and the origination of early applied
music. The last period is about his model and identity setting period.

Sarawut wiwan Methods /32
CHAPTER 3
THE METHODS OF STUDY

The effect of Yngwie Malmsteens guitar style on the Thai guitarists is the
study using qualitative-research method, and it consists of four researching processes
as shown follow:

3.1 The primary data collection
This procedure is divided into three steps as follow:
3.1.1 Studying the primary data from related literatures such as books and
publications from academic libraries, those are:
The Center Library of Mahidol University
The Center Library of Thammasart University
The Library of Music Collage, Mahidol University
3.1.2 The internet searching method
3.1.3 The interview of rock music experts including guitar instructors and
variously famous guitarist namely; Mr. Prart Arunrangsri, Mr. Jakarin
Duangmaneeratanachai, Mr. Pattarawut Muti, Mr. Worrawit Chareonpolnapachai,
Mr. Sirisak Sirichottinant, Mr. Seree Sae-lee, and Mr. Ekachai Kraiarnont

3.2 The data classification
The primarily collected data is classified as the following chapters:
3.2.1 The history data of rock music
3.2.2 The history data of Thai popular music
3.2.3 The biography and works of Yngwie Malmsteen
3.2.4 The interviewing data of Thai guitarist
3.2.5 The recording media data of Thai guitarists


3.3 The data analysis
The collected data is analyzed as the following procedures:
3.3.1 The biography data of Yngwie Malmsteen is analyzed following to his
family life, educational background, and musician history including the musical style
that influenced to his work.
3.3.2 The analysis of Yngwies songs which is selected following to the subject
interview.
3.3.3 The interviewing data of Thai guitarists and transcription songs playing
by these artists are analyzed to compare with Yngwie s guitar style, which can
classify as following topic:
3.3.3.1 The analysis of guitar style
3.3.3.1 The analysis of guitar technique
3.3.4 The note transcription is verified by repeated checking from Thai
guitarist.

3.4 The data presentation
This study is presented by descriptive analysis method according to the study
objectives as follow:
3.4.1 The first objective of the study is presented in Chapter 4; the biography
of Ynqwie Malmsteen and his works.
3.4.2 The second objective is presented in Chapter 5; the Yngwie Malmsteens
guitar style and technique.
3.4.3 The third objective is presented in Chapter 6; the analysis of the effect of
Yngwie Malmsteens guitar style to the Thai guitarists. The analysis and presentation
procedures are operated by Sibelius program accompanying with international note
and Tablature system.

Sarawut Wiwan The Biography and Works of Y.M. /34

CHAPTER 4
THE BIOGRAPHY AND WORKS OF YNGWIE MALMSTEEN

4.1 The Biography of Yngwie Malmsteen

Lars Johann Yngwie Lannerback (he had taken his mother's maiden name
of Malmsteen in 1973) was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on the last June, 1963. Early
attempts at piano and trumpet lessons failed to take hold. It wasn't until1970, when
Yngwie saw a TV special on the death of guitar iconoclast Jimi Hendrix that a flame
ignited in his mind. Yngwie immersed himself in the music of Jimi Hendrix and such
band as Deep Purple and spent long hours unlocking the secrets of both the
instrument and the music. He also interested to study the classical music of Bach,
Vivaldi, Beethoven, and Mozart and Paganini.

By age 10, he focused all his energies into music, and largely stopped
going to school. At school he was often branded a trouble-maker, getting into
frequent fights with people "who behaved stupidly," and excelling in the two classes
that interested him, English and Art. His mother, who recognized his unique musical
gifts, allowed him to stay home with his records and his guitar, where his mastery of
the instrument progressed unobstructed. The missing link, however, between the
formal structures of classical music and the flamboyant performance of Hendrix was
supplied by the music of another virtuoso, the famous violinist Niccolo Paganini.
Watching Russian violinist Gideon Kremer perform Paganini's 24 Caprices on
television, Yngwie understood at last how to marry his love of classical music with
his burgeoning guitar skills and onstage charisma.

In 1978 to 1981, he left the school and worked for a time as a luthier in a
guitar repair shop, putting his woodworking skills to good use. It was here that he

encountered a scalloped neck for the first time when a 17th century lute came into the
shop. About this time, Malmsteen began playing his guitar around Stockholm.

In an early incarnation of Rising Force, Yngwie and several friends recorded
a demo set of three songs for Swedish CBS, but the cuts were never released.
Frustrated, Yngwie realized he was not going to get very far in Sweden alone, and he
began sending demo tapes to record companies and music contacts abroad. One such
tape found its way into the hands of Guitar Player contributor and Shrapnel Music
founder Mike Varney. Yngwie was invited to record with Shrapnel's new band Steeler
in 1982, which was his guitar style, began to emerge in the first album of Steeler in
1983. According to Shrapnel Record, the excellent musician gathered here to create
their quality works. The well known guitarist originated form Shrapnel Record from
the past to present were Paul Gillbert, Tony McAlpine, and Richie Kotzen.

After that, Yngwie left the Steeler and has been contacted to join with many
bands such Kiss, UFO and Ozzy Osbourne. But in the end, he moved on to Alcatrazz
band, founded by singer Graham Bonnett. Although Alcatrazz produced two albums
with him, it also proved to be too limiting, and the only clear course was to go solo.

The first solo album of Yngwie was released in 1984 album, Rising Force
and made it to #60 on the Billboard charts. The album also gained Yngwie a Grammy
nomination for best rock instrumental performance. Soon the honors came rolling in;
he was voted Best New Talent and Best Rock Guitarist the year after. Rising Force is
honored as the new style of guitar playing that established Yngwie as one of rock
guitar's brightest new stars and added a new genre to the music lexicon: Neo classic
Rock.

In1987, Yngwie had a near-fatal car crash. The resulting concussion caused
a blood clot in his brain that damaged the nerves running to his right hand. To further
complicate things, financial problems left him virtually penniless in the face of
Sarawut Wiwan. The Biography and Works of Y.M. /36

mounting medical bills. Rather than completely giving up as many people would have
done, Yngwie pulled himself together and turned once again to music for his salvation.

The Odyssey, Eclipse and Trial By/ Fire Live in Leningrad were highly
successful. Then he moved from Polygram and had signed with Elektar Records.
Critically acclaimed for composition and performance, Fire & Ice sold over 100,000
copies on the day of its release. After the death in 1993 of Nigel Thomas, Yngwie's
manager, he moved and signed a contract with Japan's Pony Canyon label, launching
the new albums named The Seventh Sign, Power and Glory, I Cant Wait and
Magnum Opus.

In 1995, Yngwie decided to call on several old friends and musicians
including Joe Lynn Turner, Jeff Scott Soto, David Rosenthal, Marcel Jacob, Mark
Boals and Johansson brothers to work on a new project, Inspiration, to record some of
the songs he grew up with that influenced both the way he plays and the way he writes
songs. Of course, that meant the music of Deep Purple, Rainbow, U.K., Kansas,
Scorpions, Rush, and Jimi Hendrix.

In 1997, Yngwie produced his first completely classical work, Concerto
Suite for Electric Guitar and Orchestra in Eb minor, Op. 1. This album was recorded
by using Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, with Atlanta Symphony conductor Yoel Levi
wielding the baton.

In 2002, Yngwie had the opportunity to perform his critically acclaimed
Concerto Suite for Electric Guitar, with the New Japan Philharmonic Orchestra in
Tokyo in the format of DVD/CD/VHS package.

Also in 2003, Yngwie's management landed a deal with the German label SPV,
which released Attack album. In this year he also participated in famous G3 tour
concert joining with Joe Satriani and Steve Vai, and the live show of this show was
also recorded to sell worldwide. Nowadays, Yngwie is still on tour for supporting his
Attack album.

4.2 The works of Yngwie Malmsteen
The researcher classified Yngwie Malmsteens works to three categories,
that are albums (Tape and CD), live show records (VDO and DVD), and guitar-
playing instruction media (VDO and DVD).

4.2.1 The albums
According to Yngwies albums, the researcher divided them into two
categories. The first is the albums played with bands and the other records, the second
is solo albums. His collections are listed according to the releasing year as shown by
following:

The albums played with bands and the other records.
1. Steeler. Shrapnel Records, 1983

2. Alcatrazz. No Parole from Rock 'N Roll. Rocshire Records, 1983

3. Alcatrazz. Live Sentence. Rocshire Records, 1984

4. Third Stage Alert. Metal Blade Records, 1984
Yngwie plays guitar on "Adagio

5. Hear 'N Aid. Band: all-star benefit led by Ronnie James Dio
Mercury, 1986
Yngwie plays guitar and sings chorus vocals on "Stars"

6. This Time
CBS, 1988
Yngwie plays guitar on "Point of No Return"

7. Guitars That Rule the World
Guitar World magazine compilation
Metal Blade Records, 1992
Includes an early mix of Yngwie's instrumental "Leviathan"


8. Smoke on the Water - Tribute to Deep Purple
Shrapnel Records, 1994
Yngwie plays guitar on "Speed King" and "Lazy"

9. Guitar Zeus
Compilation by drummer Carmine Appice
Metal Blade Records, 1995
Yngwie plays on "This Time Around"

10. Sonic Winter
Progressive rock album by Jens and Anders Johansson
Pony Canyon, Inc., 1996
Yngwie and Jens smoke on two instrumental cuts: "Enigma Suite" and
"All Opposable Thumbs"

11. Human Clay
Rock album by Marcel Jacob and Jeff Scott Soto
Pony Canyon, Inc., 1996
Yngwie plays lead guitar on song "Jealousy"

12. The Eagle Has Landed, II
Saxon's 2-CD live album on Virgin, 1996
Yngwie plays on "Denim and Leather".

13. Dragon Attack - A Tribute to Queen
Hawk Records, High Gain Records, 1996. DeRock, 1997
Yngwie plays on "Keep Yourself Alive," with Mark Boals on vocals.

14. Holy Dio - A Tribute to the Voice of Metal: Ronnie James Dio
Century Media Records, 1999.
Yngwie plays on "Gates of Babylon." [This is the same track from Yngwie's
1996 album Inspiration.]


15. Not the Same Old Song and Dance - Tribute to Aerosmith
Deadline, 1999.
Yngwie teams up with Ronnie James Dio, Stu Hamm, Gregg Bissonette, and
Paul Taylor on "Dream On".

16. Tribute to Van Halen 2000
Eagle Records, 2000
Distributed by Triage Records
Yngwie teams up with Doug Pinnick (vocals), Billy Sheehan (bass), and
Vinnie Colaiuta (drums) on "Light Up the Sky."

17. Bat Head Soup - Tribute to Ozzy Osborne
Deadline (a division of Cleopatra Records), 2000
Yngwie plays lead guitar on "Mr. Crowley", along with Tim Ownes (vocals),
Tim Bogert (bass), Tommy Aldridge (drums), and Derek Sherinian
(keyboards).

18. G3 : Rockin in The Free World
Epic Records, 2003.
Produce by Joe Satriani, Steve Vai and Yngwie Malmsteen

The solo albums
1. Rising Force. Polygram, 1984.
2. Marching Out. Polygram, 1985.
3. Trilogy. Polygram ,1986.
4. Odyssey. Polygram,1988.
5. Trial by Fire/Live in Leningrad. Polygram, 1989.
6. Eclipse. Polygram,1990.
7. Eclipse Double Pack. Polydor,1990.
8. The Yngwie Malmsteen Collection. Polydor,1999.
9. Fire & Ice. Elektra,1992.
10. The Seventh Sign. Pony Canyon,1994.

11. Power and Glory. Pony Canyon,1994.
12. I Can't Wait. Pony Canyon,1994.
13. Magnum Opus. Pony Canyon,1995.
14. Inspiration. Canyon International,1996; Foundation Records,1996.
15. Facing the Animal. Canyon International,1997.
16. Concerto Suite for Electric Guitar and Orchestra in E flat minor,
Opus1.Canyon Classics,1989 . Orchestra: Czech Philharmonic.
Chorus: Czech State Opera Chorus. Conducted by Yoel Levi.
17. Yngwie Malmsteen Live!! Canyon International ,1998.
18. Yngwie Malmsteen Live!! Box Set Canyon International, 1998.
19. Alchemy. Canyon International, 1999.
20. Anthology 1994-1999. Pony Canyon, Inc. 2000.
21. Best of Yngwie Malmsteen:1990-1999. Dream Catcher, Inc.2000,
(European Release)
22. War to End All Wars. Pony Canyon, Dream Catcher, Spitfire
Records, 2002.
23. Attack!! Pony Canyon, 2002.

4.2.2 The live show records
1. Hear 'n Aid. The making of "Stars." Mercury,1986. (out of print).
2. Metallic Live ' .84. Alcatrazz. Rocshire,1984 . Recorded at Tokyo
Sun Plaza during Alcatrazz1984. world tour.
3. Rising Force Live '85. Polygram,1985, Filmed at Nakano Sun
Plaza, Tokyo, January 24,1985.
4. Live In Leningrad: Trial by Fire. Polygram,1989. Filmed in
Leningrad for Odyssey world tour.
5. Yngwie Malmsteen Collection. Polydor,1992.
6. Leo Fender Benefit Live. WEA Music, a Division of Warner Music
Japan, Inc.,1993.
7. Live At Budokan. Pony Canyon,1994. Filmed at Tokyo's Budokan
arena during the1994. Seventh Sign tour.

8. Yngwie Malmsteen Live!! Pony Canyon, Japan,1998, #PCCY-
01279.
Recorded in May,1998. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
9. Yngwie Malmsteen Live!! Box Set. Canyon International, 1998.
10. Yngwie Malmsteen Video Clips. Released by Pony Canyon has
released Nov. 22, 2000 G3 : Live in Denver, Epic Records 2003.

4.2.3 The guitar-playing instruction media
This work is classified to two formats, the Video and DVD package. In each
package consists of the musical note inside.
1. Instryctional Video CPP/Belwin, 1991, REH Master Series
2. Play Loud!
(The Guitar Instruction series) will in stores in Japan on 6 September 2000 .
DVD,Video 120 minutes (all 3 parts on one DVD), Presented by Young Guitar
Magazine in Japan:
3. Full-Shred
(Play Loud series) DVD,Video 40 minutes. 6 September 2000.

Yngwie Malmsteen is a great guitarist who achieved acclaim since 1982 due to
his technical proficiency and fusion of classical elements with heavy rock guitar. Over
twenty years, he released so many albums including live concert records and guitar-
playing instruction media. He had participated playing with many famous guitarists
such Graham Bonnet, Jeff Scott Soto and Joe Lynn Turner in addition to join with
Steve Vai and Joe Satriani in G3 touring concert. He is also acclaimed as a rock guitar
star which is often so far covered in the best selling guitar magazines throughout the
world, in America, Europe or Asia. Moreover, the literatures of his life and works
including of his song note and guitars style are usually posed in such magazines as
well. Currently, Yngwie Malmsteen still continuously produces his works and also
performs his live concert either in Europe, America or Asia.

Sarawut wiwan Style and Technique of Yngwie Malmsteen /42
CHAPTER 5
YNGWIE MALMSTEENS GUITAR STYLE AND TECHNIQUE

From Black Star, Yngwies work, researcher studies in both style and
technique plus special elements of this work.

5.1 The Analysis of Black Stars song
Researcher used Black Star, transcribed by Wolf Marshall and analysis in
the musicology basis.
Researcher will describe the melodic line, technique, chord progression,
melodic pattern and sequence pattern in every measure.
(m. = measure)

Introduction (m.1-29)

Introduction part is in time signature plays by classical guitar in key of E
melodic minor with classical composition style. Yngwie composed in Borrow
dominant chord style. In m.5 is V/iv (E/G#) to IV (Am sus 4). In m.6 and F#/A is
V6/V of E minor and used sequence to develop the melodic line that shows in the
first 4 measures. From m.3, melodies lead to climax at B in m. 8.

At m. 9-13 is the transition by harmonic open string technique. The light
sound shows the contrast with the second part introduction that difference rhythm
and color. In m.14-29 is the second part introduction at the time signature 4/4. M.14
begins to the general tempo of this piece at 76 bpm. There are drum and bass play
E to keep the steady beat. In the same time, the synthesizer plays chord I and III
instead the electric guitar in m.15 with rubato technique. To expand chord Em is
the main idea that change the key and develop the melodic line, add or remove
melody each phrase.
In m.22-25, Delay effect technique is used to make the overlap sound in E
harmonic minor and spread to 6:2. Practical technique use left hand to make the
sound while right hand doesnt need to play. M.24, the melody raise up to D with
the guitar second line.

M.25-28, all of instrument, especially 2 electric guitars, add to make more
sound. The tension is showed and move to higher sound, to prepare the listener to the
theme.

Part A1, A2 (m.30-45)

The theme is played by 2 guitars with the parallel of 3
rd
interval. Then, it uses
sequence technique to move to 5
th
interval instead and add more notes and sound at
the end each phrase. Then, show the theme again in m.31-32. In m.33-34, 2 guitars
play unison in repeat high note sequence that the lower part move going down
direction to E.

In m. 38-41 is a bridge, continues V to contrast with the theme. Two guitars
play alternate between parallel and unison. The intention and tighten of notation is 6-
10 notes in 1 beat. M.42-45 is connection of A2 is the development from the first
conjunction by 2 triplets and spread to D# diminish chord before the sequence of 8
notes in a beat.

Part B

Part B is the main idea or solo part that melodic intention from 4 notes to
12:8. In m.50, the slightly melody is the relax section. M.46 -53 is separate in chord
Em by Sweep Picking technique, and m. 48-49 is repeat high note sequence by
rhythmic pattern in thirty-two note in triplet and m.50 is in E harmonic minor, Play
in sequence by rhythmic pattern. The thirty-two note in 11 and 12 notes in slide and
Pull Off technique for continuation sound. Moreover, the Sweep Picking
technique is put in the fourth beat.
M.51 is press the string and vibrato playing technique of Yngwie style,
special wider notation. In beat 4 is the sequence of Em. In Hammer on, Pull off
and slide techniques for connecting sound.

M.54 is conjunction of solo part that moves to Am key. In this conjunction, 2
guitars are played in difference, the 1
st
play arpeggio by Sweep Picking technique
while the 2
nd
guitar play the 3
rd
interval up to the climax until m.57. After that, the
first guitar play in A harmonic minor going down by the thirty-two note is the
transition of A2 part, then show A1 again before to show part C.

Part C (m.58-76)

M.58 use rhythmic pattern that similar to theme but a little bit changing in
difference key signature. The 1
st
guitar plays in E harmonic minor in sequence style.
The tension and contrast with 2
nd
guitar that keep the one note sound until m. 62.

M.62, one guitar is taken off; a little motif is added to develop the melody for
relaxing and much more intension in m.64 by tapping with hammer on and pulls off
technique to be sequence in rhythmic pattern by thirty-two notes of 5, 6 and 15 notes
in the last beat of measure. It is the expansion of chord E minor and E major by
Sweep Picking technique. The melody is continuing to the climax in m. 69 then the
melody fade down at the end. From the Black Star, is tin E minor including 2
introduction parts played by classical guitar only at first then the electric guitar
include. Melody in part A1 and A2 is the theme, section B is a solo part. Then, the
transition part of A1 and A2 again follow by section C at the ending part.

Music instrumental of the Black Star includes electric guitar, bass guitar,
drum set and synthesizer as the usual rock and pop music band. And Yngwie add
more classical guitar to make more color and difference sound from the others.

The most difference between the introductions is the classical and rock style
that makes difference color sound. The prominent of Yngwie composition is melody,
rhythm, add more tension development, number of notation and sound. Moreover,
the special technique in Yngwie is the extraordinary composition style.

5.2 Yngwie Malmsteens Musical Style
From another source that more special factors of Yngwies music, researcher
also attach in this topic.

Musical instrument
Electric guitar is the main instrument in Yngwies compositions, even in the
singing pieces. Yngwie always tuned his guitar lower than the normal tuning 1
semitone (1=Eb, 2=Bb, 3=Gb, 4=Db, 5=Ab, 6=Eb), that include in Black Star as
well. Because of his tuning, the other instruments have to tune a semition lower too
as bass and keyboard.
In the other works, they include the variety of string instruments as Sitar,
string chamber, classical guitar, steel strings guitar, etc to make more new colors.
Keyboard and synthesizer are important, they are used in fugue to imitate
harpsichord and mostly to imitate piano, organ and string instruments.

Form
There are no specified musical form of Yngwies works. Each work includes
the introduction, riff, theme, transition and solo.
Yngwie always used Riff form in the introduction part followed by theme
that always is a short repeat motif. After introduce the theme, the other instruments
as drum set, bass, and keyboard are added. In the support section, he added more
improvisation section with the other instrumental back ground. Sometimes, it seems
to be conversation of guitar and keyboard.

Rhythm
Most of Yngwie works are in 4/4 with variety of tempo. Sometimes he
changed the tempo in the piece (modulation). Moreover, some pieces include the odd
time too.

In the Yngwies work, double bass drum is important to increase the notation
frequency. It make the piece are more intention especially in the quick tempo.

5.3 Yngwie Malmsteens Guitar Style
From the analysis of Black Star and other works of Yngwie show his
practical style as:

5.3.1 Scale
Most of Yngwies works are in minor key. Melody, the orchestration and
style are in natural minor and harmonic minor key.
Example: A harmonic minor

Yngwie used harmonic minor for solo and riff part that show in all of his
album.
Example: Harmonic minor to construct the riff part from Far beyond the
Sun (Rising Force, 1984)

More than harmonic minor, Yngwie has his own style of solo parts are in
Blues scale, chromatic scale and major scale that not quite often in Yngwies work.

Example of Blue scale in Guitar Solo (Triology suite op:5 / Spasebo Blues
from Trail by Fire: Live in Leningrad,1989)

5.3.2 Development by sequence
Melodic sequence is the source that Yngwie used to develop the
melody. It can be found in his entire album. Yngwie always used sixteenth note and
sixteenth note in triplet in one string.

Example of sequence :

Yngwie always used these sequences in his work.
Sequence 1.

Sequence 2.

Example : Sequence from Evil Eye (Rising Force,1984)

Another sequences, Yngwie always used is Repeat High Note Sequence that repeat
the highest note and move to the lower pitches in many of his piece.

Example Repeat High Note Sequence from Black Star

5.3.3 Melody of Arpeggio
Yngwie played arpeggio based on his chord progression that show in many
works of Yngwie.

Example from Demon Driver (Eclipse,1990)

5.4 Yngwie Malmsteens Playing Technique
According to the arpeggio melody style and faster than the normal rock
music, Yngwie had his own technique to add more speed and legato to play arpeggio.
It called Sweeping Picking technique.

Sign of picking

= Downstroke
= Upstroke

General guitars play always plug upstroke and downstroke alternately to add
more speed in Yngwie works.

Example of Alternate picking

Sweeping Picking is the technique to plug the string that make the
continuation sound (legato). It picks by 2 strings at once, and make more one note
sound. So, Yngwie suggest to play the very fast arpeggio by this technique.

Example of Sweeping Picking technique.

Downstroke Upstroke

Example of C arpeggio by alternate picking technique compare with the
Sweeping Picking technique.

Alternate picking
Sweep picking

Yngwie always used Sweeping Picking technique to play arpeggio in minor
and diminish chord by move the hand position along the guitar. For example:
A minor arpeggio

E Diminish arpeggio

More than Sweeping Picking technique, Yngwie also plays the other fundamental
technique as bend, slide, hammer on, pull off and tapping.

Tapping technique example is shown in Black Star (Rising Force, 1984)

More than Black Star, researcher also observes the other pieces of Yngwie.
They show the special Yngwies style and technique, that is:

Playing style of Yngwie includes:

1. Scale
Most of his compositions are in harmonic minor scale, add more note than
another composer is the Yngwie characteristic.

Another scale as major scale, pentatonic sale, chromatic scale and blue scale
that arent easy to find in guitar composition.

2. Melodic line development by sequence
Yngwie always used sequence in all of his composition with variety of
notation value. Most of them are sixteenth note and imitate the melody in many ways
of melody.

3. Melody line by arpeggio
Yngwie design the chord progression firstly, then develop them to arpeggio
style.

4. Playing technique of Yngwie
The most characteristic technique of Yngwie is Sweeping Picking
technique. It is used to play arpeggio with quick and continuation sound.

Sarawut wiwan Effect of Y. M. Guitar Style on the Thai Guitarists / 56

CHAPTER 6
EFFECT OF YNGWIE MALMSTEENS GUITAR STYLE ON
THE THAI GUITARISTS

In this chapter, researcher separate into 2 categories are playing style and
technique of Yngwie that effect on Thai guitarists.

6.1 Effect of Yngwie Malmsteens Guitar Style on the Thai Guitarists
According to Yngwie playing style, researcher interviewed some famous
guitarists of Thailand. Some part of the interview will be attached in this paper.

Mr. Jakarin Duangmaneeratanachai, guitar player of Hin Lek Fai and The
Sun band, describe the characteristic of Neo-Classic rock and effect of Yngwies
style to Thai guitarists that, It emphasis to the fast playing style (speed picking) and
play in arpeggio. In the beginning of Yngwies time, Thai guitarists tried to practice
by his exercises rather than play by their own style and feeling. All of the guitarists at
my age practice in the Yngwie ways. Someone play in Neo-classical. (Jakarin
Duangmaneeratanachai, April; 3, 2004. interview)

Music of Yngwie has own style include fast and strong. Some of guitarist
composed in the quick style as well, but not to musical as Yngwie. (Sirisak
Sirichottinant, July 1, 2004. interview)

I think Yngwies vibrato technique is his character. Most of guitarists are not
play in wider vibrato but Yngwie is wider than others and make the fiercely sound.
(Worawit Charoenponnapachai, Jan 22, 2004. interview)

Fac. Of Grad. Studies, Mahidol. Univ. M.A. (Music) / 57

In the guitar compositions, most of guitarists play in Yngwies style,
because it need the serious practice. So, they tried to play arpeggio and Sweep
Picking technique. (Prart Arunrungsri, Dec 20, 2003. interview)

I used to practice in Yngwies tactics and think that to many guitarists play
in this style but it isnt. As the popular songs that not too many tactics because no
one interested in. They intend to the solo part only. (Seri Sae-lee, January 20, 2004.
interview)

Yngwies technique is affected to Thai guitar players, especially arpeggio
and Sweep Picking technique and also spread in the rock band. In my opinion, I
also train by Yngwie exercises and applied to another kind of musical style.
(Pattrawut Muti, December 25, 2003. interview)

From the study of quick playing (Speed Picking), Yngwie is the one who
begin and spread the quick playing. From the interview of Mr. Ekachai Kraiarnont,
guitar teacher and guitarist of Wizard band said about the music style and playing in
Neo-classic and rock in Thailand that: It include harmonic minor scale, Phrygian
dominant, diminish arpeggio, speed picking. I think that more than 70% of Thai
guitar players are practice in this style. (Ekachai Kraiarnont, February 3, 2004.
interview)

From the famous Thai guitarists interview, researcher divide the style
analysis of Thai guitarists are affected from Yngwies style as 1. Scale
2. Sequence development and 3. Sweep Picking technique. (6.2)

6.1.1 Scale
The scale that Yngwie always used in solo and riff is harmonic minor scale.
In the solo part, Yngwie add more notes in the melodic line that is affected to many
Thai guitar players. These are some example of Thai guitarists work in the
Yngwies style that showed the intention of notes in harmonic minor as well.


Surrender or Strive (Rancorous, A Battle of Wills)

This piece is in key of G#m. It is in the introduction, the first 3 measure is in
sequence technique of the same note value, sixteenth note, with strong feeling. In the
4
th
measure is sequence that has the same melodic shape and going down to tonic.

SU (Hin Lek Fai)

This is in key of Cm. Measure 82 is in C harmonic minor that to strong
notation under the idea to make climax that lead to the singing part.


6.1.2 Develop the melodic line by sequence
Another way that Yngwie used to develop his melodic line is sequence that
show at all of his compositions. Especially, Repeat High Note Sequence is showed
in many Thai guitarists compositions.

Example from Solo part of (Jeb Kwa Nee Mee Eak Mai, Hi Rock band)

The first 3 beat in the measure 7 is Repeat High Note Sequence that high C
is the repeat note, then going down by sequence in 5 notes in a beat at the end.

Example from Solo part of The Beginning of Sentiment (Rancorous, A Battle
of Wills)

From measure 1-5 is the characteristic of Repeat High Note Sequence
followed by the chord. And measure 6-7 are C# harmonic minor that is to many
notes.

Example from Solo part of The Return of Parzvin Kele (Rancorous, A Battle of
Wills)


Repeat High Note Sequence in measure 5 and 9 with A is the repeat note.

6.2 Effect of Yngwie Malmsteens Guitar Technique on the Thai Guitarists
Yngwie explored the Sweeping Pecking technique in the rock music to play
arpeggio in chord major, minor and diminish. This technique is support to play faster
and more continuation sound than Alternate Picking technique. Sweeping
Pecking technique is widespread all around the world. These are the solo part in
Thai compositions that in Sweeping Pecking technique.
Example from the song Tue Ron Dung Fai (Kalaidoscope, Album : Kra Chark Jai)


In the song Tue Ron Dung Fai used the Sweeping Pecking technique
along the solo part with chord progression changing.

Example from the song Whats Right Whats Wrong (Mr. pig & Ae Wizard,
Album : Fresh)

Measure 3 is the Sweep Picking technique in diminish chord, play by move
the position from measure 5 to measure 8-11.

Example from Intro to Alpha (Pattrawut Muti, Album: Alpha)

Sweep Picking technique to play quick C major arpeggio. Can be found Sweep
Picking technique many times in this song.

Example from Su (Hin Lek Fai)


The solo part of Su used Sweep Picking technique at measure 67 and 79

From the research, gathering interviews and analyze the transcribe pieces
show that Thai guitar players, especially in rock style are effected from Yngwie.

1. Playing style of Yngwie that effect on Thai guitarists.
The idea to add more notes and compose in harmonic minor are effected to
Thai guitar players. Moreover, Riff is used to be background of solo part.

Sequence is the technique to develop melodic line and repeat high note
sequence used by rhythm pattern as sixteenth note and 6 notes in sixteenth note
value.

2. Technique of Yngwie that effect on Thai guitarists.
The melody moving by arpeggio is the characteristic of Yngwie that play in
Sweeping Pecking technique. So, most the Thai guitar players are trained with this
technique especially for rock music.


CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION DISCUSSION AND SUGGESTION

In the research of Yngwies style of playing aim to study biography, music
composition style and technique of Yngwie Malmsteen and the effect on Thai guitar
players. It include document research, questionnaire, interview in both formal and
informal and observing. The people in this research are rock guitar players who had
their music album for public.

7.1 Conclusion
Effect of Yngwie Malmsteens Guitar Style on the Thai Guitarists is divide in
to 3 topics are biography and works, music style and technique and effect of style
and technique of Yngwie on the Thai guitarists.

7.1.1 Biography and works of Yngwie
Yngwie Malmsteen is a Swedish guitarist, born in June 30, 1963. He began to
play guitar at 7 years old that effect from Jimi Hendrix and Ritchie Blackmore. More
than general guitarist in the rock music, he also interested in classical music. His
favorite composers are Bach, Vivaldi, Beethoven, Mozart and Paganini. Yngwie sent
out his record to many recording company around the world, then he was accepted
by Sharpnel Record in USA in the name of Steeler. His reputation is in the high
standard guitar player since 1982 up to the present. More than the compositions,
Yngwie also have life concert record and teaching guide. For example,

- Recording with another musicians/band 18 Albums
- Recording in Yngwie Malmsteen solo 23 Albums
- Life concert record 11 Albums
- Guitar instruction 3 Sets

Sarawut wiwan Conclusion Discussion and Suggestion /66

7.1.2 Style and technique of Yngwie Malmsteen

Scale
Harmonic minor scale is always used in Yngwies works and also in the
technique to add more sound and note in the solo section.

In addition, Yngwie used major scale, pentatonic scale and blues scale in his
composition as well.

Development of melodic line by sequence
Sequence technique is found in all of Yngwie compositions in difference note
value, generally by sixteenth note and triplet in sixteenth note. They are composed in
many styles as repeat high note sequence, Yngwie favorite style.

Arpeggio in melodic line
Arpeggio is followed the chord progression that are designed before. Each set
of chord progression, Yngwie change the progression in variety of scale. Arpeggio
isnt the ordinary technique in the rock style in the past. Yngwies composition that
are in quick speed is interested fir the guitarists as well.

Playing technique of Yngwie Malmsteen
The technique that Yngwie used to play arpeggio is Sweep Picking
technique. It is used to play quick speed that the character of Yngwie works.

7.1.3 Effect of Yngwie Malmsteen guitar style on the Thai guitarists
From the research, especially for the rock style guitarists are affected by
Yngwie style. In solo section is added more note and sound by harmonic minor by
variety of sequence styles.

Sweeping Picking technique is the most effected on Thai guitarists in
major, minor and diminish chord. From the interview of popular Thai guitarist,
Yngwie is the role model of Neo classic style.

From the research, Yngwie playing style doesnt effect to the popular
guitarists only, but also effect to the new Thai generation guitarists. They practice in
Yngwie style that is shown in the many music competitions and in the website.

7.2 Discussion
7.2.1 Life history and works of Yngwie Malmsteen.
Yngwie Malmsteen was born in Stockholm, Sweden. He began his music life
on piano and trumpet and start to play guitar the age of 7 because the impression of
Jimi Hendrix. More than general guitarist in the rock music, he also interested in
classical music. His favorite composers are Bach, Vivaldi, Beethoven, Mozart and
Paganini. He loved in both the classical and Jimis style but couldnt put it together.
But one day, he saw Gideon Kremer, a Russian violinist played Carprices, no.24
of Niccolo Paganini. He realized that the mixed of rock and classical music is
possible. After that, Yngwie was the assistant music instrument repaired at
Stockholm. He learned how to fix and scratch the fingerboard as Lute called
Scallop technique, that adjust in all of his instruments. In addition, he also
performed around Stockholm as well.

He started to present his recording to many recording company around the
world and was accepted by Sharpnel Record in United State. He was the guitarist
of Steeler band. IN 1982 up to the present, Yngwie had 18 recording with other
musicians, 23 albums under Yngwies name, 11 life concert recording and 3 guitar
teaching guides.

7.2.2 Style and technique of Yngwie Malmsteen
Yngwie mixed the classical music style, especially Baroque period, Blues and
rock music to his works.
The effects of classical and baroque music for Bach, Beethoven, Paganini, etc
are shown in Yngwie composition as melodic sequence, arpeggio and circle of fifth
technique. Chord I7 IV7 V7, the chord progression of Blues and Rock music, are
happened in Yngwies works. He always used the melody of classical adapt to play
in rock style.
Sarawut wiwan Conclusion Discussion and Suggestion /68

Effect of Blues and Rock are shown in Yngwie composition as the melodic
patterns that are always used in Blues and Rock. The Blues scale that effect from the
music of Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton and Deep Purple band. Especially, Jimi playing
is the role model of Yngwie in his concert and also the Tapping technique of
Edward van Halen is used in his playing as well.

Yngwies playing is emphasizing the speed and add more notes and sound to
the melody. Harmonic minor scale is always used, and sometimes are in major and
blues scale.

Yngwie develop the melody by sequence in many ways. The most popular is
Repeat High Note sequence and arpeggio that not always in the Rock music.
Sweeping Picking technique, Yngwie playing style, is used to play quickly and
smoothly that is popular for Thai guitarists.

7.2.3 Style and playing technique of Yngwie Malmsteen that effect to
Thai guitarist
From the interview of famous Thai guitarists, guitar teachers and general
guitar players found that most of them receive style and technique of Yngwie. But it
is not too many that show to public. Because music in Neo classic style needs the
high qualify guitarists and are in the difficult musical form. Neo classic style is not
for general listeners but proper for the musicians.

Most of the Thai guitarists found that Yngwies style effect to the way of
practice, because all of the exercises are challenge for the guitarists. There is the pub
in Thailand that shows the music in Neo classic style. Most of them will show in the
concert or competition only.


7.3 Suggestion
1. There are too many guitarists in the similar style of Yngwie as Paul
Gilbert, Vinny Moor, Tony McAlpine and Chris Impellitery. The other guitarists are
also interested for the further researcher.
2. More than Neo-Classic and rock style, rock music is developed all the time
in style and playing technique. The new rock solo style is not favor as Nu Metal,
Hardcore/Rap Metal. This is the one for further studies.
3. Electric guitar is also developed at the guitar and accessories. For example:
the 7 strings guitar, amplifier and effects instrument. This is also interest for the new
researcher.

Sarawut Wiwan Bibliography /70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ammer, C. (1972). Harper's Dictionary of Music. U.S.A. : Harper & Row
Publishers.
Bacon, T. (1991). The Ultimate Guitar Book. London : Dorling Kindersley Limited.
Biracree, T. (1993). The Country Music Almanac. New York : Prentice Hall.
Burrows, T. (1995). The Guitar Handbook. London : Dorling Kindersley Limited.
Byrnside, R. (1990).Music Sound and Sense. (2
nd
ed.). U.S.A. : Wm. C. Brown
Publishers.
Chapman, R. (1993). The Complete Guitarist. London : Dorling Kindersley Limited.
Charlton, K.T. (1994). Rock music style, A history. (2
nd
ed.). Dobugue, Iowa : Wm.
C. Brown.
Dallin, L. (1990). Listeners Guide to Musical understanding. U.S.A. : Wm. C.
Brown Publishers.
Hickcock, W.L., H (1969). Music in the United State : History introduction.
Newjersey :Prentice - Hall.
Hickok, R. (1989). Exploring Music. (4
th
ed.), U.S.A. : Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
Isaacs, A., & Martin, E. (1982). Dictionary of Music. Great Britain : Hamlyn
Publishing Group Ltd.
Kamien, R. (1976). Music an Appreciation. (5
th
ed.), U.S.A. : McGraw - Hill, Inc.
Larkin, C. (1992).The Guinness Who's Who of Heavy Metal. England : Guiness
Publishing Ltd.
Marshall, W.(1985).Yngwie J. Malmsteens Rising Force.U.S.A : Hal Leonard
Publishing
Megill, Donald D. And Richard S. Demory. (1996). Introduction to Jazz History. (4
th

ed.),Newjersey : prentice-Hall, Inc.
Mock, D.(1991).Reh Master Series,Yngwie Malmsteen. REH Publications, Inc.
Roland, T. (1991). The Billboard Book of Number one Country Hits. Newyork :
Billboard Books

Sadie, S.L. (1980). The grove dictionary of music and musician. London : Macmilan
Publishur.
Southern, E.L. (1971). The music of Black Americans, A history. Newyork : W.W.
Norton Company

WWW.Yngwie.Org/Home/Biography.[Access 2003 December 4]

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Sarawut Wiwan Bibliography /72

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APPENDIX

Sarawut wiwan Appendix / 74

Yngwie J. Malmsteen
Black Star Rising Force











Sarawut Wiwan. Biography / 86

BIOGRAPHY

NAME Mr. Sarawut Wiwan

DATE OF BIRTH 4 May 1976

PLACE OF BIRTH Chiangrai, Thailand

INSTITUTES ATTENDED Rajabath Chiangmai, 1995 -1998
Bachelor of Education (Music)
Mahidol University, 1999 - 2004
Master of Arts (Music)

HOME ADDRESS 228 Mu 4 Tambon Pa-ngiu,
Amphur Wiang-Pa-Pao, Chiangrai
Province, Thailand. 57170
Tel. 06-5360891

Yngwie

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EFFECT OF YNGWIE MALMSTEENS GUITAR STYLE ON

THE THAI GUITARISTS

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