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Physics 2: HSC Course, 2

nd
edition (Andriessen et al, 2003), Chapter 9
MODULE: MOTORS AND GENERATORS
Chapter 9: Electric motors (Questions, page 167)
1. Some AC motors rotate at the same frequency as the power supply which is precisely
set at 50 Hz.
2. Universal motors are constructed like a DC motor, but the external magnetic field is
provided by an electromagnet that is connected in series with the rotor. It therefore does
not matter if a DC or AC current is used.
3.
The stator consists of sets of field electromagnets connected to one or more
phases of the AC power supply. This creates a magnetic field that rotates at 50
Hz.
The rotor consists of a number of conducting bars made of either aluminium or
copper. These are attached to two rings, known as end rings, at either end of the
bars.
There is no commutator or brushes.
4. (a) and (b)
Label Part Function
A Squirrel-cage rotor Rotates as the magnetic field rotates
B Cooling fan Helps prevent overheating by driving air through the
motor
C Electromagnetic coil Sets up the rotating magnetic field
D Laminated electromagnetic
core
Intensifies the strength of the magnetic field
E Shaft Allows the rotor to rotate; connects to the working part of
the machine
5. The rotating magnetic field is achieved by connecting each of the three pairs of the
motors field coils to a different phase of the mains electrical supply. The coils that make
a pair are located on opposite sides of the stator and they are linked electrically. The
magnetic field inside the stator rotates at the same frequency as the mains supply, that is,
at 50 Hz.
6. The squirrel-cage rotor consists of a number of conducting bars made of either
aluminium or copper. These are attached to two rings, known as end rings, at either end
of the bars.
7. As the magnetic field rotates in the stator, it passes over the bars of the cage. The
relative movement of the bars through the magnetic field creates a current in the bars.
8. The end rings connect the bars and allow a current to flow through the bars.
2
Physics 2: HSC Course, 2
nd
edition (Andriessen et al, 2003), Chapter 9
9. (a) Slip is the slower movement of the rotor compared with the magnetic field.
(b) If the rotor is moving at the same speed as the magnetic field, there would be no
current induced in the rotor and no force on the rotor.
10. The lost power of induction motors is consumed in magnetising the working parts
of the motor and in creating induction currents in the rotor.
11. Electrical energy is transformed into rotational kinetic energy of the rotor and the
beaters. Some electrical energy is also transformed into heat and sound.