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LI NI U

Trong x hi tr thc v trong nn kinh t th trng hin nay vic o to con
ngi khng ch dng mc l thuyt m cn phi bit kt hp nhun nhuyn
gia l thuyt v thc hnh. Nht l vic o to ngnh k thut, thc t, thc hnh
v kinh nghim i khi cn quan trng hn c l thuyt. Do , trng i hc,
p ng c yu cu , t chc t thc tp cng nhn nh mt mn hc
bt buc. Thc tp cng nhn l mt dp gip cho sinh vin c iu kin tip xc
thc t sn xut cc n v, qua c c hi lm quen vi cc cng vic thc t
sn xut, tip cn vi nhng vn chuyn mn, k thut trong lnh vc mnh
nghin cu, y l lnh vc xy dng Cu ng. Ngoi ra, n cn gip sinh
vin cng c, b sung, kim nghim v p dng nhng kin thc hc trong nh
trng thng qua cc hot ng thc t cc c s sn xut.
Kho 52 Cu ng bt u nhim v thc tp ti cng trng t ngy
13/7/2010 n 31/07/2010. Nhm em c phn thc tp ti cng trng ang thi
cng tng hm ca d n : T Hp Khch Sn, Vn Phng, Trung Tm
Thng Mi, Gio Dc V Cn H Royal City
Trong thi gian thc tp chng em c s quan tm, hng dn v ch o tn
tnh ca i ng cn b, k s cng nhn v cc thy trong b mn Cu hm, v th
chng em c lm quen hc hi c rt nhiu kin thc chuyn mn cng
nh cc kin thc v thc t, n rt c ch cho qu trnh cng tc sau ny ca bn
thn em.
Bn bo co gm c nhng ni dung sau:
1. Nhim v, mc ch, ngha ca qu trnh thc tp
2. Gii thiu chung v d n Royal City
3. Nht k thc tp cng nhn
4. Bin php thi cng tng vy
5. Bi hc v suy ngh sau qu trnh thc tp

Em xin gii li cm n n cc thy c gio trong b mn cng nh cc anh ch
trong ban iu hnh d n gip em trong t thc tp ny.

H Ni, ngy 1 thng 8 nm 2010



Phn I
Nhim v, mc ch, ngha ca qu trnh thc tp
I. Mc ch:
Mc ch v ngha ca t thc tp:
+ Gip sinh vin bit cch p dng phn l thuyt c trang b trong nh
trng vo cc cng vic thc t nh: Kho st thit k, cc bc lp h s thit k
v t chc thi cng mt cng trnh c th.
+ Nm bt c tng qut nhng chi tit trong cng vic thit k cu,hm, nhng
yu cu c th trong cc giai on thit k: lp d n , thit k k thut, thit k bn
v thi cng...
+ Quan st vic p dng cng ngh tin hc vo cng vic thit k .
+To iu kin cho sinh vin lm quen lm quen v to quan h tt vi cc C
quan trong ngnh giao thng vn ti, cng nh cc cng ty t vn v cng ty cng
trnh giao thng gp phn to iu kin thun li cho vic lin h cng vic sau khi
tt nghip.
I I . Nhim v ca sinh vin:
+ Nghim tc thc hin ni quy gi gic, k lut v bin php m bo an ton lao
ng ca c quan ni thc tp.
+ Chp hnh nghim chnh s phn cng ca cn b c quan v hon thnh tt
nhim v c giao.
+ Tch cc tm hiu, hc tp, hon thnh tt cc nhim v c nh trng giao.
+ Tranh th hc hi kinh nghim ca nhng ngi i trc bit thm v cng
ngh thi cng cng nh- t chc cng tr-ng, c th nm vng hn v chuyn
mn phc v cho cng vic ca bn thn sau ny.
+ Sau mi bui thc tp phi vit nht k thc tp. Kt thc t thc tp sinh vin
phi vi bo co thc tp v bo v bo co thc tp ca mnh .



Phn II
Gii thiu chung v d n "T hp khch sn, vn phng, trung tm thng
mi, gio dc v cn h - Royal City"

T hp Royal city
D n c din tch mt bng 120.945 m2, to lc ti 74
ng Nguyn Tri, Q. Thanh Xun, TP.H Ni.

Thng tin chi tit
Khu vc: Q.Thanh Xun, H Ni
Loi hnh: Khch sn, Nh hng, Vn phng,
Trung tm thng mi, Chung c, Cn h cao
cp
Tng din tch: 130000 m2
Tng mc u t: 10000 t VN
Khi cng: 16/01/2010
D kin hon thnh: 2013
Trng thi d n: ang thi cng
Ch u t: Cng ty C phn Vincom
Bn quy hoch

M t d n
I. V tr:

- S 74 ng Nguyn Tri, Q. Thanh Xun, TP.H Ni.

- Pha ng Nam gip ng Nguyn Tri.


Phi cnh d n.

- Pha ng Bc gip sng T Lch.



- Pha Ty Bc v Ty Nam gip khu dn c phng Thng nh.

Mt bng cng trnh.

II. tng
Royal City c thit k theo m hnh t hp th phc hp, ly im nhn l
khu cng vin cy xanh rng 70.000m
2
. c im ni bt trong thit k ca Royal
City l s giao thoa hi ha gia li kin trc hong gia chu u sang trng, lch
lm v cch sp t t m, tinh t ca chui ni tht tin nghi, hin i. c thit
k bi Site Architecture mt tp on danh ting ca Php, tng v cuc sng
tin nghi Xanh Thng minh - ni hi t tinh hoa ca ngh thut v cng ngh
hin i, s tr thnh hin thc ti Royal City.
III. Quy m:

- Tng din tch d n :130.000 m2.
- Din tch xe: 300.000 m2.
Theo thit k, Royal City l mt t hp gm khch sn cao cp, vn phng cho
thu, trung tm thng mi, cc khu nh chung c cao cp cao tng v trng
hc, nh tr mu gio, vn hoa cy xanh cng vin.


Ch u t : Cng ty C phn u t v Pht trin a c thnh ph Hong Gia,
C ng ln: Cng ty C phn Vincom, Cng ty C phn Du lch Vinpearlland,
T vn v thit k: Tp on thit k Site Architecture Php: Cng ty C phn
PCM

Ch tch HQT Cng ty CP Vincom L Khc Hip cho bit: y l d n ang
c nhiu ngi ch i khng ch v tnh tin ch, a chc nng hay v tr giao
thng thun li m cn l mt khu th xanh vi rt nhiu khong khng gian
m v kin trc sang trng kiu hong gia, gp phn to im nhn mi p v
hin i cho th H Ni. Khi hon thnh, Royal City ha hn s tr thnh mt
khu th cao cp, p ng nhu cu ca mi i tng".
Royal City l mt trong nhng d n m cc nh u t t nhiu k vng. y
cng l mt d n ang c nhiu ngi ch i khng ch v tnh tin ch, a
chc nng hay v tr giao thng thun li m cn l mt khu th xanh vi rt
nhiu khong khng gian m v kin trc sang trng kiu hong gia, gp phn
to im nhn mi p v hin i cho th H Ni.



Sau y l mt s hnh nh ti cng trng
Hnh nh quan st b tr thp tng vy (lng thp):



Hnh nh my thi cng ti cng trng :



Phn IV
Bin php thi cng tng vy

Theo thit k, tng vy c chiu rng 1000mm v cao y tng vy l -
40,95m (so vi cao 0.00).
Theo bn v thit k c ph duyt, theo iu kin a cht v iu kin thi
cng thc t ca d n. Tng vy s c chia thnh cc panel v c th t thi
cng khc nhau.

Cc lng thp c ch to cho cc panel tng vy
Mc ch ca vic thi cng tng vy l sau ny d dng cho vic thi cng
tng hm v ngn nc gia bn trong v bn ngoi nh (kt cu tng s lin kt
vi cc kt cu khc nh sn, dm li cng .).tng vy sau ny s l kt cu
chu lc mt phn do tng ,ti trng cng trnh truyn xung,khoanh vng cng
trnh, nh hnh mng v khng lm nh hng ti cng trnh bn cnh


Mt bng chia tm tng vy

1. Trnh t thi cng
1.Cng tc chun b.
H s lin quan ti tt c thit b, vt t s c trnh v ch s ph
duyt, chp thun ca Ban qun l d n trc khi tin hnh thi cng.
Vt t thit b phc v cho thi cng khi v ng phi c bo
qun, bo dng sao cho trnh cc h hi hoc khng th s dng c.
Chun b mt bng, ng thi cng trong khu vc my di chuyn.
m

m



My i san lp mt bng v to li i

Thi cng gii phng mt bng(my o)



Cn c vo tin thi cng, my mc v trang thit b cn thit s c iu
ng lp rp y cho vic thi cng.
Cung cp dung dch gi n nh thnh vch Polymer (bentonite). Dung dch
Polymer (Bentonite) c trn bng my trn tc cao c thng trn vi
dung tch 2,5m
3
, sau khi trn xong s c cha trong si l t
80105m3/sil v cc b cha c lm bng b tng hay xy gch c dung
tch khong 225m
3
/b. Cc sil v b cha ny t ti v tr thun tin cho
vic bm v thu hi dung dch t h o trong qu trnh o v b tng.
Dung dch o c bm cp hay thu hi bng bm chm c cng sut
11KW v bm in c cng sut ln qua cc ng ng mm 100 ~120
v ng ng cng 150.

Silo cha bentonite


.2 Cng tc trc a, nh v.
Vic chia kch thc cc t
.
Cn c vo bn v thit k v bn v chia tm c ph duyt cho vic
thi cng, i trc c s nh du v tr tim ca tng vy thi cng tng
dn.
3 .Thi cng tng dn
Vic thi cng tng dn nhm nh v v tr ca tm tng s thi cng sau
ny v tng dn s nh hng gu o, kch thc khong cch gia hai
vch ca tng dn s phi m bo l gu o s c th thun tin xuyn
qua v khng lm lch hng gu o trong qu trnh o. Ngoi ra, tng
dn c dng bo v thnh vch ca h o ti lp a tng t u tin v
trnh b st l thnh vch ti lp a tng ny bi sc nng v s di chuyn
ca my trong qu trnh lm vic hay thi cng b tng. Tng dn phi
cao duy tr p l (bentonite) theo nh yu cu,
trnh cc vt liu hay cht bn ri vo h o. Tng dn phi su
trnh tnh trng b t xi mn do s tc dng c
. Tng d mt t
t hin hu khong 20 40cm. Tng dn phi c nh v v gi n
nh trong sut qu trnh thi cng.
Sau khi b phn trc a nh v v tr v tim, ta ca tng, My o
chuyn dng v nhn cng ph tr s c dng o t v chnh sa
kch thc h o ti v tr cn thi cng tng dn.
Sau khi o xong, v chnh sa cao y nh yu cu, b tng mc thp s
c dng lt y h o trc khi thi cng bc tip theo.
Sau khi thi cng b tng lt v b tng cng, ct thp ca tng dn
c ct un nh bn v s c lp t vo v tr, vn khun y s c
han thin v cng tc b tng y s c trin khai khi nghim thu cng
vic han thnh.


Sau khi phn y ca tng dn thi cng xong 10~12 ting, cng tc ct
thp ca thnh tng dn s tip tc trin khai v hon thin trc khi cng
tc vn khun thnh tng dn c tin hnh.
Khi cng tc ct thp v vn khun hon thnh, cng tc b tng thnh
tng dn s c trin khai, sau khi cng tc b tng thnh tng dn hon
thnh, vn khun s c tho 12 ting sau khi b tng.
Sau khi tho xong vn khun, trc c tin hnh hon cng ta , cao
nh tng dn, thng ng, khong cch thnh tng dn v tin hnh
lp t tng dn.
Cng tc thi cng tng dn s thi cng theo tng phn an, v cng vic
thi cng tng dn s thi cng lp li nu trn p dng cho tt c cc phn
an.
Vic thi cng tng dn l rt quan trng, tng dn c thi cng hon
thin theo ng yu cu s quyt nh vic hng cho gu o sau ny o
cc tng khng b lch h
.

4 .Di ri vt cn
Trc khi tin hnh cng tc o t, dng my o di di chng ngi vt
trn mt t hay b mt bn di mt t (nu c).
Nu pht hin bt c vt cn g bt thng trong qu trnh chun b cng
nh trong qu trnh o t. Nh thu s thng bo ngay ti Ban qun l d
n bit.

5 .a my o vo v tr.
Sau khi thi cng xong tng dn, trc khi tin hnh o, i trc a s
nh du v ghi chp s liu theo nh nhng g yu cu ti ph lc BM02,
cn c vo . My o s c a ti v tr tin hnh o.
My cn trc bnh xch loi chuyn dng v gu o thy lc Masago s
c s dng cho vic o t ca tng vy. Kch thc ca gu o c b


rng l l 1.0M, b ngang l 2.8m ) v chiu cao
l 8m. Trc khi o t, my o di chuyn ti v tr v nh cn ti v tr
pully cp treo gu o s c t ng v tr tim tng vy hay tm tng
vung gc vi mt t, yu cu l v tr ngai cng pully phi cch cng
trnh ln cn t nht l 0,5M. Khi tin hnh thi cng, nn t s c tri tn
cn trc bnh xch d , cng nh phn tn lc tp
trung tc dng trc tip vo nn t.

Gu o tng vy
Kim tra s cn bng ngang ca cn trc treo gu o bng thit b o cn
bng mc nc m bo khi o h o s thng v khng b lch hng
ca h o trong khi o. Vic kim tra ny s kt hp vi vic s dng qu
ri kim tra s thng ng v lch hng ca cp treo gu o trong
qu trnh o.

.


6 .Cng tc o h.
Cng tc o tm tng cn c sp xp theo mt trnh t sao cho cc tm
va c xong khng b tn hi. Cc tm tng vy ch c php o khi
tm tng vy ngay st bn cnh c b tng xong khng t hn 72
gi.
Trc khi o, dung dch Polymer (Bentonite) s c chun b gi n
nh thnh h o. Cn cung cp dung dch n nh thnh vch lin tc, cao
dung dch phi m bo gi cho p lc ca dung dch lun ln hn p
lc ca cc tng a cht, mc nc ngm pha ngoi l o v lun cao hn
mc nc ngm t nht 0,5m hay tng ng vi cao mt t n nh
thnh h o. Trong qu trnh o nu dung dch n nh thnh vch gim
xung t ngt th s bo cho cc bn lin quan bit v x
.
Dung dch polymer dng cho n nh thnh vch khng d b phn hy, bn
khoan rt d ng xung pha di do polymer s c ti s dng, vic
ti s dng ny s c kim tra v cc ch s c bn cn c theo cc ch s
yu cu k thut v dung dch, polymer b bin i ph v cc chui lin kt
trong qu trnh b tng v b tng s gii thot Ca2+, v vy s dung
sodium carbonate gim thi cc cht ny nhm trnh s phn hy ca
polymer. Vic b sung bt polymer c cc ch s v nht, PH, t
trng nh yu cu ti s dng.


Bm bentonite vo h o
Dung dch polymer qua s dng s c bm trc tip t h o v b
hi tc thi hoc ln trn silo. Polymer qua s dng s c cha vo
silo c nh du v silo ny s khng cha polymer mi trong sut qu trnh
thi cng.
Phn polymer c qua s dng m c ln tp cht (qu nhiu ct v c b
ph hy do b tng) s c phn hy bng cch trn ln vi sulfate nhm
vi t l t 1/750~500. sau khi trn hai gi th nht gim xung cn 28
giy v PH cn t 6 ~ 9 v c coi nh l nc thng thng v thi
bnh thng ra ng thot nc thng thng.
Bn t c o v a ra khi h o bi s m v ng bng thy lc
ca gu o v a ra khi h o bng cc hot ng ca cu treo o di
s iu khin ca nhn vin ph trch my o.
Gu o a t bn ra ngoi bng cch nng ln t t bi ti cu, vic nng
hay h gu o yu cu phi lm t t trnh st l thnh vch ca h o.
thng ng ca h o trong qu trnh o c kim tra bng qu ri v
mc nc (kim tra dy cp treo gu v cn bng my cu treo gu).Song


song cc tm u tin c 20m s c kim tra thng ng bng thit
b KODEN (t nht l 2 tm u tin).
Kch thc v thng ng ca h o phi c kim tra v nghim thu
bng thit b kim tra thng ng sau khi o xong. S lng tm tng
kim tra ti thiu l 25% tng s tm tng vy.
t o t h o s ra mt bng v chuyn ln xe t bng my xc
sau chuyn ti bi .

7 .Xc nh chiu su h o v cc lp a cht thc t
Dng thc o bng dy 50m/100m o su ca h o.
Cng tc o c tip tc khi t ti su theo yu cu (cao
tng vy) trong bn v c ph duyt, so snh vi ti liu a cht ca
cng trnh v a cht ly t h o cao y tng vy.
Tt c thng tin v a cht h o thc t s c ghi chp v xc nhn
trong qu trnh o bao gm c im lp a cht, su, mt ct cc lp
a cht. s ly mu ca mi tng a cht v v tt c cc mu ny s c xc
nhn ca Ch u t v s lu sau giao li cho Ch u t.

8 .Lm sch y h o ln 1.
Sau khi hon thnh cng tc o v kim tra su ca h o, thi gian
ch cho lng cn lng xung y h 60 pht. Dng gu o
vt lng ra khi y h o.
Dng thc o xc nhn su h o chnh thc cui cng sau khi vt
lng sau tin hnh vic h lng thp.

9 .Lng thp.
9.1 Gia cng v h lng thp v ng siu m.
Thp c gia cng ng theo bn v chi tit thi cng c ph duyt ti bi
gia cng thp. Trong mi lng thp, ai thp gia cng u lng ngoi vic
c c nh cht vo thp ch bng phng php buc, cc sit cn c


c nh thm bng cc thanh chn (con b) cng c hn vo thp ch
m bo lng thp khng b bin dng trong khi nng ln hay h lng vo v
tr h o.

Lng thp
y nhanh tin thi cng, gim thi gian ni lng ti h, Nh thu tin
hnh ni 02 lng di 11.7m thnh mt lng di 20.7m ti bi gia cng thp.
Lng c ni ng theo bn v chi tit thi cng c ph duyt.

2 Lng ngn c ni thnh 1 lng di


ng siu m s c gia cng v lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt hn. Cc
ng ny c lp t trc trong lng thp v c nh bng dy km buc
11.5mm.

V tr t ng siu m
Khi gia cng lng thp, cn ch ti cc v tr s h ng sau ny, v tr
cc thp ai n, thp ch sn, thp ch dm ca lng thp c th dch
chuyn thun tin trong qu trnh lp ng v b tng.
Ti sn tng hm 5, ton b thp ch s c t thp ch c c Coupler
ni thp sau ny. Thp ch c gn coupler s lp t trong qu trnh gia cng
lng thp v lp t vo h o sau ny.

ia cng.


9.2H tm chn u.
Tm chn u ca mi tm tng vy gip xc nh chnh xc chiu di
tng tm theo ng nh thit k, ng thi cng l thit b lp t giong
chng thm gia 2 tm tng vy. Vi cng trnh 5 tng hm v yu cu ca
t vn thit k, nh thu chn tm chn u c chiu rng 1000mm v chiu
di 25m. Giong chng thm c chiu di l 24m.
Tm chn u c th h trc hoc sau khi h lng thp ty theo iu kin
thc t
.

H tm chn u
9.3H lng, ng siu m.
Vic lp t cc on ca lng thp sau khi gia cng xong s c nng ln
bi 02 my c nh
cu th hai nng lng bng h puly. (chi tit xem thm Bin php ni lng
v cu lng thp di.


Buc v chun b h lng thp tng vy



H lng thp
Lng thp c h ln lt tng lng mt. Vi tm tng ln t hp nhiu
lng th cc lng y c h trc theo th t v cc lng tip theo s c
tin hnh lp li.
Phn u ca lng thp c h bn trong h o v gi nh tng dn
bng cy treo bng thp gc ngang qua thnh tng dn. Cy treo ny ngng
ngang qua v tr ai gi lng thp v m bo rng phn thp ni ca lng
ni theo yu cu cho lng tip theo. Khi ni lng thp phi ch sao cho
lng thp thng ng (kim tra bng dy di), trnh cc va chm vo thnh
vch h o.


Thp buc, cc ni lng s dng cho ni thp gia cc lng. Sau khi ni
xong, lng thp c nng, cy ngng c di chuyn v lng thp c h
xung. Cc on lng thp cui cng c ni cng nh phng php trn.
Cc ng thp dng cho vic siu m c lin kt vi ct thp ca lng thp
v h ng thi trong qu trnh h lng thp, cc ng ny c ni vi nhau
qua ng ni bng phng php hn.
Do yu ca thp ch cho thi cng sn cng nh thi cng cc cng tc tip
theo, yu cu cc cao ch thp v cao nh lng c s tnh tan chnh
xc, nhm tin li cho vic thi cng cc bc tip theo d dng, thun tin.

9 .4 H ng .
ng dng cho vic b tng c di t 0,5~3,15m v 273mm ng
knh ngoi. ng phi sch, kn nc v mi ng c mt u c v
mt u ci c rng xit ni lin kt v
.
Dng my cu h ng vo bn trong lng thp ca tng vy. Ty theo
kch thc ca tm tng vy m s s dng t 2 cho n 3 ng (hai hay
ba v tr b tng trong mt tm tng). ng s b tr sao cho khi h
ng cng nh trong sut qu trnh b tng s m vo ct thp ca
lng thp.
B bn c ca m/ng kha ng . Ca ng/m bao gm hai cnh
thp c l gia gi ng . Bn s k trc tip ln nh ca tng
dn.
on u ca ng c nng ln bi my cu (np cui) v t vo gia
l ca 02 cnh thp dng gi ng . on ng tip theo c nng ln
v ni vi on u bng inh vt gia u c v u ci. My cu nng
ng xp x 0.5m (dng thit b ng ni) v ca c m. ng c
h, ca ng v ng kha cho ln lp tip theo.


Chiu di ng ph hp trong vng 03m ca y bi on cui cng l
o
.

9.5 Thi ra lm sch ln 2.
Sau khi h lng, lp hon chnh ng , yu cu thi ra lm sch y h
o ln 2, kim tra bng qu di gn vo thc o xc nh cng vic
cn lm tip theo. Nu nh sau khi h lng thp m lng y tng
vy khng ln h , nh thu tin hnh b
tng.
Phng php thi ra y h o ln 2 s c tin hnh theo hai phng php
sau:
Lm sch Polyme (Bentonite) bng cch bm tun hon dung dch ny vo
h o cho ti khi ct bn o ng li y h o khng cn hoc cn
rt t (khng c l ).
Phng php thi kh: dng ng c ng knh khong 90mm thng qua
ng ni vi u ni ca dng c thi ra y h o, h ng mm c
ng knh 21mm cng vi ng c ng knh 90mm xung cch y h
o khong 03 ~ 0,5m, ng ny s c ni vi my nn kh. Lng cn s
c bm trc tip ra khi y h o bng cch nng nn bi p lc ht
ca kh nn thng qua ng thp v ng cao su 90 ti b thu hi. ng
thi, bm cp dung dch mi t b thay th dung dch trong h o. Qu
trnh ny c tin hnh cho n khi lng cn trong h o khng l
c xc nh bng cch o bng thc
dy 50m/100m. Khi t yu cu nh thu s tin hnh cc cng vic tip
theo.


Xe ch b tng trn
Phng php thi kh thng qua ng bng cch bt u trn ca ng ,
a kh t my nn kh c p lc ln xung di h thng qua ng m
21. kh s y dung dch trong ng ra ngoi qua
co ni v to lc ht chn khng ht ct hay bn lng y h o a
ra ngoi thng qua co ni pha trn nh ng
.

10 . b tng.
B tng c ngay sau khi nghim thu cc cng vic cui cng trc khi
b tng.


Dng nt dch chuyn tm thi (dng phao bng ht xp, cao su hoc nt
lnh) s c th vo trong ng m bo cho m va b tng u tin
khng tip xc trc tip vi dung dch khoan trong ng b tng v loi
tr khong chn khng khi b tng. y c t cao hn 20cm so
vi y tng vy khi m b tng u tin cng nhm mc ch v
.
Cu phc v c s dng nng v gn phu vi ng . B tm thi
(bn ) trn nh tng dn gn v tho phu trong sut qu trnh
b tng. Phn phi b tng t trm trn ti cng trng phi c s iu phi
hp l, b tng s c x qua mng, rt trc tip ti phu gn trn ng .
Cao b tng s c kim tra bng thc o trc khi tho mi on ng
trong qu trnh b tng cng nh kt thc mi xe nhm xc nh
cao dng b tng. Mi on ng ch c tho ra khi cao b tng cao
hn cao phn y ng cn li t nht l 3.0m. m bo ng Tremie
ngp trong b tng t nht 3.0m s quyt nh bng cch tnh cao trnh dng
b tng khi , sau tr i s mt di cn ngp trong b tng bit rng
s mt ngm trong b tng, sau s quyt nh ct ng tremie hay tip tc
b tng.
lun phin gia 2 hoc 3 ng (ty theo chiu di tng tm) b tng
dng u trong ton b chiu di tm tng.
Trong qu trnh b tng, my cu nng v h ng (xp x 0.4m)
m bo vic lu thng b tng t nhin trong ng .
Khi b tng t n nh tng vy, b tng thm s c php vut qua
cao p u tng vy ra xp x 1m hay bng cao dng b tng theo
thit k m bo cho phn b tng c ln tp cht ny khng lm nh
hng ti cht lng b tng ca u t
.



b tng )

.

btng
a. Vt b tng ln tp cht u tng vy.
Sau khi hon thnh cng tc b tng v b tng dng ti cao yu cu.
Bng cch quan st cng nh cn c vo khi lng b tng khong thi
gian sau cng bit c l b tng t yu cu (thng thng b phn
b tng dng u trn khong 0.6m). Nhn cng s c s dng vt phn
b tng ny ti v tr cao hn y dm nh tng vy hay dm nh tng
khong 10cm (cao y dm nh tng -2.3m so vi ct 0.00 ca cng
trnh). Phn nh tng hay tng vy sau khi vt s c y bng t nn


bo v phn ct thp ch, ng siu m bn trn v to mt bng thi cng
sau ny.

b. Rt tm chn u:
Sau khi b tng t nht 72 gi c th rt tm chn u ln. o tm k
bn ti chiu su vt qua chn tm chn u. Dng ba rc c hoc gu
o tch c ra khi b tng. Dng cn cu v my xc rt tm chn
u ln sao cho khng lm bong, rch tm giong chng thm. Tm chn
u s c v sinh sch s chun b cho thi cng tm tng vy tip
theo.
Nu nh khng th lay nh c thp th dung ba rc c tch c ra khi b
tng. Ba rc c s c ch to v c trnh ring sao cho trong qu
trnh rc khng l tn hi n giong chng thm cng nh tn hi ti b
mt b tng.

Tm hiu thm v cng ngh thi cng top- down s dng trong qu trnh thi cng
Trong cng ngh Top-down, cc tng hm c thi cng bng cch thi cng phn
tng vy bng h cc barrette xung quanh nh (sau ny phn trn nh ca tng
vy dng lm tng bao ca ton b cc tng hm) v h cc khoan nhi (nm
di chn cc mng ct) bn trong mt bng nh. Tng vy thi cng theo cng
ngh cc nhi b tng ti ct mt t t nhin hoc ct tng trt (ct khng).
Trong trng hp h tng vy c thi cng ti mt t t nhin thp hn ct nn
tng trt th, thay v thi cng Top-down ngay t tng trt, c th bt u thi cng
top-down t mt nn tng hm th nht (sn tng hm u tin), bn di mt t.
Khi , tng hm th nht c thi cng bng phng php t di ln (bottom-
up) truyn thng, phn tng vy trn nh c nhim v nh h tng c gi thnh
h o. Trng hp ny cng c th gi l bn Top-down hay "S mi" top-down
(semi-top-down).
Ring cc cc khoan nhi b tng nm di mng ct pha trong mt bng nh
th khng thi cng ti mt t m ch ti ngang ct mng (khng tnh phn b tng
u cc nhi, phi ty b i sau ny). Phn trn chu lc tt, ngay bn di mng
ca cc cc nhi ny c t sn cc ct thp bng thp hnh, ch di ln trn ti
ct khng (ct nn ngay ti mt t). Cc ct thp hnh ny, l tr cc tng nh


hnh thnh trong khi thi cng Top-down, nn n phi c tnh ton chu c
tt c cc tng nh, m c hon thnh trc khi thi cng xong phn ngm (gm
tt c cc tng hm cng thm mt s hu hn cc tng thuc phn thn nh
trc). Tip theo o rnh trn mt t (lm khun dm), dng ngay mt t
lm khun hoc mt phn ca khun c dm v sn b tng ct thp ti ct
khng. Khi b tng sn ct khng phi cha li phn sn khu thang b ln
xung tng ngm, (cng kt hp vi thang my) ly li o t v a t ln
khi thi cng tng hm. Sn ny phi c lin kt chc vi cc ct thp hnh lm
tr ch sn nu trn, v lin kt chc vi h tng vy (tng vy l gi chu
lc vnh vin ca sn b tng ny). Sau khi b tng dm, sn ti ct khng t
cng tho d khun c, ngi ta tin hnh cho my o chui qua cc l thang
ch sn nu trn, xung o t tng hm ngay bn di sn ct khng. sau
li tin hnh b tng sn tng hm ny, ngay trn mt t va o, tng t thi
cng nh sn ti ct khng, ri tin hnh lp ghp ct thp ct tng hm, lp khun
ct tng hm v b tng chng.
C lm nh cch thi cng tng hm u tin ny, vi cc tng hm bn di. Ring
tng hm cui cng thay v b tng sn th tin hnh thi cng kt cu mng v
i mng.
ng thi vi vic thi cng mi tng hm th trn mt t ngi ta vn c th thi
cng mt hay vi tng nh thuc phn thn nh bnh thng. Sau khi thi cng xong
ht cc kt cu ca tng hm ngi ta mi thi cng h thng thang b v thang
my ln xung tng hm.

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