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1. Important Formulas
2. Solved Examples
Important Formulas - Area
1.
Pythagorean Theorem (Pythagoras' theorem)
In a right angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the squares of the other two sides
c
2
= a
2
+ b
2
where c is the length of the hypotenuse and a and b are the
lengths of the other two sides
2. Pi is a mathematical constant which is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its
diameter. It is denoted by

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3. Geometric Shapes and solids and Important Formulas
Geometric Shapes Description Formulas
Rectangle
l = Length
b = Breadth
d= Length of
diagonal
Area = lb
Perimeter = 2(l + b)
d =
Square
a = Length of a
side
d= Length of
diagonal
Perimeter = 4a
d =
Parallelogram
b and c are
sides
b = base
h = height
Area = bh
Perimeter = 2(b + c)
Rhombus
a = length of
each side
Area = bh(Formula 1 for area)
3.14
22
7
+ l
2
b
2

Area = = a
2
1
2
d
2
a 2
1
b = base
h = height
d1, d2 are the
diagonal
Area = (Formula 2 for area)
Perimeter = 4a
Triangle
a , b and c are
sides
b = base
h = height
(Formula 1 for area)

(Formula 2 for area -
Heron's formula)

Perimeter = a + b + c

Radius of incircle of a triangle of area A =

Equilateral
Triangle
a = side
Perimeter = 3a
Radius of incircle of an equilateral triangle of side a =
Radius of circumcircle of an equilateral triangle of side a =
1
2
d
1
d
2
Area = bh
1
2
Area = S(S a)(S b)(S c)

where S is the semiperimeter =

a+b +c
2
where S is the semiperimeter =
A
S
a+b +c
2
Area =
3
4
a
2
a
2 3
a
3
Base a is parallele to base b
Trapezium
(Trapezoid in
American
English)
h = height

Circle
r = radius
d = diameter
d = 2r
Sector of
Circle

Area = (a+b)h
1
2
Area = = r
2
1
4
d
2
Circumference = 2r = d
=
Circumference
d
Area, A =
(if angle measure is in degrees)
360
r
2
(if angle measure is in radians)
1
2
r
2
Arc Length, s =
r (if angle measure is in degrees)
180
r (if angle measure is in radians)
r = radius
= central
angle
Ellipse
Major axis
length = 2a
Minor axis
length = 2b

Area = ab
Rectangular
Solid
l = length
w = width
h = height
Total Surface Area = 2lw + 2wh + 2hl = 2(lw + wh + hl)
Volume = lwh
Plese note that in the radian system for angular measurement,
2 radians = 360
1 radian =
180
1 = radians
180
Hence,
Angle in Degrees = Angle in Radians
180
Angle in Radians = Angle in Degrees

180
Perimeter 2
+ a
2
b
2
2

Cube
s = edge
Total Surface Area = 6s
2
Volume = s
3
Right
Circular
Cylinder
h = height
r = radius of
base
Lateral Surface Area = (2 r)h
Total Surface Area = (2 r)h + 2 ( r
2
)
Voulme = ( r
2
)h
Pyramid
h = height
B = area of the
base
Total Surface Area = B + Sum of the areas of the trianguar sides
Volume = Bh
1
3
Right
Circular Cone
h = height
r = radius of
base

Sphere
r = radius
d = diameter
d = 2r
4. Important properties of Geometric Shapes
I. Properties of Triangle
i. Sum of the angles of a triangle = 180
ii. Sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.
iii. The line joining the midpoint of a side of a triangle to the
positive vertex is called the median
iv. The median of a triangle divides the triangle into two triangles
with equal areas
v. Centroid is the point where the three medians of a triangle
meet.
vi. Centroid divides each median into segments with a 2:1 ratio
vii. Area of a triangle formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of
a given triangle is one-fourth of the area of the given triangle.
Lateral Surface Area =r = rs + r
2
h
2

where s is the slant height = + r

2
h
2

Total Surface Area = r + = rs + + r

2
h
2

r
2
r
2
Surface Area = 4 = r
2
d
2
Volume = =
4
3
r
3
1
6
d
3
viii. An equilateral triangle is a triangle in which all three sides are
equal
ix. In an equilateral triangle, all three internal angles are congruent
to each other
x. In an equilateral triangle, all three internal angles are each 60
xi. An isosceles triangle is a triangle with (at least) two equal sides
xii. In isosceles triangle, altitude from vertex bisects the base.
II. Properties of Quadrilaterals
A. Rectangle
i. The diagonals of a rectangle are equal and bisect each other
ii. opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel
iii. opposite sides of a rectangle are congruent
iv. opposite angles of a rectangle are congruent
v. All four angles of a rectangle are right angles
vi. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent
B. Square
i. All four sides of a square are congruent
ii. Opposite sides of a square are parallel
iii. The diagonals of a square are equal
iv. The diagonals of a square bisect each other at right angles
v. All angles of a square are 90 degrees.
C. Parallelogram
i. The opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal in length.
ii. The opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent (equal
measure).
iii. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
iv. Each diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two triangles of
the same area
D. Rhombus
i. All the sides of a rhombus are congruent
ii. Opposite sides of a rhombus are parallel.
iii. The diagonals of a rhombus are unequal and bisect each other
at right angles
iv. Opposite internal angles of a rhombus are congruent (equal in
size)
v. Any two consecutive internal angles of a rhombus are
supplementary; i.e. the sum of their angles = 180 (equal in
size)
Other properties of quadrilaterals
i. The sum of the interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360 degrees
ii. A square and a rhombus on the same base will have equal
areas.
iii. A parallelogram and a rectangle on the same base and between
the same parallels are equal in area.
iv. Of all the parallelogram of given sides, the parallelogram which is
a rectangle has the greatest area.
v. Each diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two triangles of
the same area
III. Sum of Interior Angles of a polygon
i. The sum of the interior angles of a polygon = 180(n - 2)
degrees where n = number of sides Example 1 : Number of sides
of a triangle = 3. Hence, sum of the interior angles of a triangle
= 180(3 - 2) = 180 1 = 180 Example 2 : Number of sides of
a quadrilateral = 4. Hence, sum of the interior angles of any
quadrilateral = 180(4 - 2) = 180 2 = 360
Comments(17) Newest
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sri 05 Jun 2013 7:48 AM
need more formulas with clear concepts
Somnath Bera 28 May 2013 1:36 AM
really helpful notes and problem as well...I requested to you to engrave your problem
exchequer that could help others those who have sited for public service exams...
vasavi 11 May 2013 10:23 AM
thank u so much.........
ujwala 03 May 2013 7:15 AM
very very nice
shivarudra Mcom hubli 03 May 2013 2:05 AM
thank u very much
shivarudra Mcom hubli 03 May 2013 2:04 AM
next last
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i have learnt many unknown things and thank u very much
GANESH 19 Apr 2013 6:28 AM
GOOD .............
ganesh 19 Apr 2013 6:27 AM
very nice
mahesh kumar 17 Apr 2013 5:50 AM
very good work.......,
Arun kumar R 12 Apr 2013 6:29 AM
I need more formulas related to ssc examination...need more questions and answers for
my future reference ....by yours faithfully
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pdfcrowd.com open in browser PRO version Are you a developer?

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where S is the semiperimeter =

(if angle measure is in degrees)

r (if angle measure is in degrees)

Angle in Radians = Angle in Degrees

where s is the slant height = + r

Total Surface Area = r + = rs + + r

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