Smartphone

A smartphone is a high-end mobile phone that combines the functions of personal

digital assistent (PDA) and a mobile phone. In a nutshell, a smartphone is a device that
lets you make telephone calls, but also adds in features that, in the past, you ould have
found only on a personal digital assistant or a computer--such as the ability to send and
receive e-mail and edit !ffice documents, for e"ample. #oday$s models typically also
serve as portable media player and camera phones ith high-resolution touchscreens,
eb brosers that can access and properly display standard eb pages rather than only
mobile-optimi%ed sites, &P' navigation, (i-)i and mobile broadband access. #he term
smartphone is usually used to describe phones ith more advanced computing ability
and connectivity than a contemporary feature phone, although the distinction can be
vague and there is no official definition for hat constitutes the difference beteen them.
#he definitions also shift over time since many phones that are considered feature
phones today can have capabilities that e"ceed those of phones that had been
promoted as smartphones in the past.
(hile some feature phones also may be thought of as handheld computers integrated
ith mobile telephones, a feature phone is typically based on proprietary firmare, hile
a smartphone runs a more open and complete mobile operating system.

(idespread
e"amples of smartphone operating systems are Apple$s i!', &oogle$s Android,
*icrosoft$s (indos Phone +, ,okia$s 'ymbian, -I*$s .lack.erry !', and embedded
/inu" distributions such as *aemo and *ee&o. 'uch systems can be installed on many
different phone models, and typically each device can receive multiple !' softare
updates over its lifetime. 'martphones can run third-party applications using advanced
application programming interfaces (APIs).
Although most of today$s feature phones are also able to run third-party applications, for
e"ample mobile games, these applications are based on rather limited platforms such as
0ava *1 (a virtual machine) or .-1( (a pseudo-!' for native code). A smartphone
mobile app integrates more tightly ith the user interface and other phone features than
a feature phone application, and relies on a more poerful application programming
interface (API).
History
Early years
#he first smartphone as the I.* 'imon2 it as designed in 3445 and shon as a
concept product that year at 6!*D17, the computer industry trade sho held in /as
8egas, ,evada. It as released to the public in 3449 and sold by .ell'outh. .esides
being a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, orld clock,
calculator, note pad, e-mail client, the ability to send and receive fa"es, and games. It
had no physical buttons, instead customers used a touchscreen to select telephone
numbers ith a finger or create facsimiles and memos ith an optional stylus. #e"t as
entered ith a uni:ue on-screen ;predictive; keyboard. .y today$s standards, the 'imon
ould be a fairly lo-end product, lacking a camera and the ability to donload third-
party applications. <oever, its feature set at the time as highly advanced.
#he ,okia 6ommunicator line as the first of ,okia$s smartphones starting ith the
,okia 4===, released in 344>. #his distinctive palmtop computer style smartphone as
the result of a collaborative effort of an early successful and costly personal digital
assistant (PDA) by <elett-Packard combined ith ,okia$s bestselling phone around
that time, and early prototype models had the to devices fi"ed via a hinge. #he
communicators are characteri%ed by clamshell design, ith a feature phone display,
keyboard and user interface on top of the phone, and a physical ?(1-#@ keyboard,
high-resolution display of at least >A="5== pi"els and PDA user interface under the door.
#he softare as based on the &1!' 89.= operating system, featuring email
communication and te"t-based eb brosing. In 344B, it as folloed by ,okia 433=,
and in 5=== by ,okia 433=i, ith improved eb brosing capability.
In 344+ the term $smartphone$ as used for the first time hen 1ricsson unveiled the
concept phone &'BB, the first device labelled as $smartphone$.
Symbian
In 5===, the touchscreen 1ricsson -9B= 'martphone as released. It as the first
device to use an open operating system, the 'ymbian !'. It as the first device
marketed as a $smartphone$. It combined the functions of a mobile phone and a personal
digital assistant (PDA). In December 3444 the maga%ine Popular 'cience appointed the
1ricsson -9B= 'martphone to one of the most important advances in science and
technology. It as a groundbreaking device since it as as small and light as a normal
mobile phone. In 5==5 it as folloed up by PB==, the first camera smartphone.

,okia 453= 6ommunicator ('ymbian phone introduced 5===).
Also in 5===, the ,okia 453= communicator as introduced, hich as the first color
screen model from the above ,okia 6ommunicator line. It as a true smartphone ith
an open operating system, the 'ymbian !'. It as folloed by the 4C== 6ommunicator,
hich also as ,okia$s first cameraphone and first (i-)i phone. #he 49==
6ommunicator as the third dimensional shift into a smaller form factor, and the latest
14= 6ommunicator includes &P'. #he ,okia 6ommunicator model is remarkable for
also having been the most costly phone model sold by a maDor brand for almost the full
life of the model series, costing easily 5=E and sometimes A=E more than the ne"t most
e"pensive smartphone by any maDor producer.
In 5==+ ,okia launched the ,okia ,4C hich integrated a ide range of multimedia
features into a consumer-oriented smartphoneF &P', a C megapi"el camera ith
autofocus and /1D flash, 9& and (i-)i connectivity and #8-out. In the ne"t fe years
these features ould become standard on high-end smartphones. #he ,okia >33=
,avigator is a 'ymbian based dedicated &P' phone introduced in 0une 5==+.
#he ,okia ,B, featuring common smartphone abilities such as a high-resolution
touchscreen
In 2010 Nokia released the ,okia ,B smartphone with a stylus-free capacitive
touchscreen, the first device to use the new 'ymbianG9 OS. It featured a camera that
Moile !urn descried as the est camera in a phone,

and satellite navi"ation that Moile
#hoice descried as the est on an$ phone.
Palm, Windows, and BlackBerry
In the late 344=$s the vast maDority of mobile phones had only basic phone features and
many people ho needed functionality beyond that also carried PDA andHor pager type
devices running early versions of operating systems such as Palm !', .lackberry !' or
(indos 61HPocket P6. /ater versions of these systems started integrating cell phone
capabilities ith their PDA and messaging features and support of third-party
applications. #oday, high-end devices running these systems are often branded
smartphones.
*odified <elett-Packard iPA? 553=, ith cell phone e"tension, and (indos *obile
5==9 (introduced in 5==9).
In 5==3 *icrosoft announced its (indos 61 Pocket P6 !' ould be offered as
;*icrosoft (indos Poered 'martphone 5==5. *icrosoft originally defined its (indos
'martphone products as lacking a touchscreen and offering a loer screen resolution
compared to its sibling Pocket P6 devices.
In early 5==5 <andspring released the Palm !' #reo smartphone, utili%ing a full
keyboard that combined ireless eb brosing, email, calendar, and contact organi%er
ith mobile third-party applications that could be donloaded or synced ith a computer.
In 5==5 -I* released their first .lack.erry devices ith integrated phone functionality
and shifted the positioning of their products from 5-ay pagers to email-capable mobile
phones. #he .lack.erry line evolved into the first smartphone optimi%ed for ireless
email use and had achieved a total customer base of about 95 million subscribers by
December 5==4.
In )ebruary 5=33 ,okia announced a plan to make *icrosoft (indos Phone + its high
end smartphone operating system, reducing *ee&o to a research platform hile still
keeping 'ymbian for mid range and lo range products.
iPhone
In 5==+, Apple Inc. introduced its first iPhone. It as initially costly, priced at IA44 for the
cheaper of to models on top of a to year contract. It as one of the first mobile
phones to be mainly controlled through a touchscreen ithout a stylus, keyboard, or
keypad, the others being the /& Prada and the <#6 #ouch (also released in 5==+),
though the iPhone as the first mobile phone to use a multi-touch interface. #he iPhone
featured a eb broser that Ars Technica then described as ;far superior; to anything
offered by that of its competitors. Initially lacking the capability to install native
applications beyond the ones built-in to its !', at ((D6 in 0une 5==+ Apple
announced that the iPhone ould support third-party ;eb 5.= applications; running in its
eb broser that share the look and feel of the iPhone interface. As a result of the
iPhone$s initial inability to install third-party native applications, some revieers
considered the originally-released device to be more akin to a featurephone than a
smartphone. A process called Dailbreaking emerged :uickly to provide unofficial third-
party native applications. 'teve 0obs publicly stated that the original iPhone lacked 9&
support due to the immaturity, poer use, and physical si%e re:uirements of 9& chipsets
at the time.
In 0uly 5==B, Apple introduced its second generation iPhone ith a loer list price
starting at I344 and 9& support. -eleased ith it, Apple also created the App 'tore,
adding the capability for the iPhone and iPod #ouch to officially install and e"ecute
additional native applications (both free and paid). #he App 'tore can deliver
applications directly over a (i-)i or cellular netork ithout re:uiring a P6 for
installation. It can also be accessed through the i#unes softare client on *acintosh and
(indos P6s to donload applications that ill be later synchroni%ed to a device once it
is connected to that computer. #he App 'tore has been a huge success for Apple going
from over C== applications at launch to >C,=== applications and over 3.C billion
donloads in the first year. #he App 'tore hit 9 billion application donloads in early
0anuary 5=3=, 3= billion donloads by 0anuary 5=33, and 3C billion donloads, of over
A5C,=== applications, in early 0uly 5=33.

#he original iPhone (released in 0une 5==+)
In 0une of 5=3=, Apple introduced i!' A, hich included APIs to allo third-party
applications to multitask, and the iPhone A, hich included a 4>=J>A= pi"el display ith
a pi"el density of 95> pi"els per inch (ppi), a C megapi"el camera ith /1D flash capable
of recording <D video in +5=p at 9= frames per second, a front-facing 8&A camera for
videoconferencing, a 3 &h% processor, and other improvements. In early 5=33 the
iPhone A became available through 8eri%on (ireless, ending A#K#$s e"clusivity of the
handset in the L.'., and alloing the handset$s 9& connection to be used as a ireless
(i-)i hotspot for the first time, to up to C other devices. 'oftare updates subse:uently
added this capability to other iPhones running i!' A.
Application stores
#he introduction of Apple$s App 'tore for the iPhone and iPod #ouch in 0uly 5==B
populari%ed manufacturer-hosted online distribution for third-party applications focused
on a single platform. Prior to this, smartphone application distribution as largely
dependent on third-party sources providing applications for multiple platforms, such as
&et0ar, <andango, <andmark, Pocket&ear, and others.
)olloing the success of Apple$s App 'tore other smartphone manufacturers :uickly
launched application stores of their on. &oogle launched the Android *arket in !ctober
5==B. -I* launched its app store, .lack.erry App (orld, in April 5==4. ,okia launched
its !vi 'tore in *ay 5==4. Palm launched its Palm App 6atalog for eb!' in 0une 5==4.
*icrosoft launched an application store for (indos *obile called (indos
*arketplace for *obile in !ctober 5==4, and then a separate (indos Phone
*arketplace for (indos Phone + in !ctober 5=3=. 'amsung launched 'amsung Apps
for its bada based phones in 0une 5=3=. Ama%on launched its Ama%on Appstore for the
&oogle Android operating system in *arch 5=33
Web Access: *ore smartphones can access the (eb at higher speeds, thanks to the
groth of A& and 9& data netorks, as ell as the addition of (i-)i support to many
handsets. 'till, hile not all smartphones offer high-speed (eb access, they all offer
some sort of access. @ou can use your smartphone to brose your favorite sites.
QWERT !eyboard: .y our definition, a smartphone includes a ?(1-#@ keyboard.
#his means that the keys are laid out in the same manner they ould be on your
computer keyboard--not in alphabetical order on top of a numeric keypad, here you
have to tap the number 3 to enter an A, ., or 6. #he keyboard can be hardare
(physical keys that you type on) or softare (on a touch screen, like you$ll find on the
iPhone).
Messaging: %ll cell phones can send and receive te&t messa"es, ut what sets a
smartphone apart is its handlin" of e-mail. % smartphone can s$nc with $our personal
and, most likel$, $our professional e-mail account. Some smartphones can support
multiple e-mail accounts. Others include access to the popular instant messa"in" services,
like %O'(s %IM and )ahoo* Messen"er.
Smart "eat#res $% Smart Phone
A 'martphone is a mobile phone that runs complete operating system softare, ith P6-
like functionality. 'mart phones are differ from ordinary mobile phones, #he *obile
Phone - a ireless phone, or cellular phone, is a short-range, portable electronic device
used for mobile voice or data communication over a netork of speciali%ed base stations
knon as cell sites.
'martphone is simply a phone ith advanced features like combines voice services ith
e-mail, fa", pager or Internet access is called a smart phone.
#he *ost 6ommon *obile !perating 'ystems used in 'martphones areF
'ymbian, -I* .lack.erry, iPhone, (indos *obile, Palm, Android, !penmoko /inu",
Access /inu" Platform, ?topia, Internet #ablet, /i*o Platform
PDAs are used to store personal information that can be accessed by you at any time
and anyhere.
In terms of features, most smartphones support full featured 1mail capabilities ith the
functionality of a complete Personal !rgani%er ith small bookHbinder, containing a
6alendar, Address .ook, and other sections usually including blank paper.
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is this type of 'mart Phone. Its a <andhled 6ompute
kno as a small or palmtop 6omputer.
To#ch Screen:
A #ypical PDA has a touch screen for entering data
,eer PDAs, like the Apple iPhone and iPod touch include ne user interfaces using
other means of input. #he iPhone and iPod touch uses *ulti-touch technology.
Wireless &onnecti'ity:
*any PDAs consume #ouch 'creen #echnology and also (ireless (ide-Area ,etorks.
*ost modern PDAs have .luetooth ireless connectivity. It can be used to connect
keyboards, headsets, &P' and many other accessories. 'uperior PDAs have (i-)iH
(/A, - connectivity, It is used to connecting to (i-)i hotspots or ireless netorks
Synchroni(ation "acility:
An important function of PDAs is synchroni%ing data ith a P6.
#his feature allos keeping up-to-date contact information stored on softare like
*icrosoft !utlook or A6#M #o update the database on the PDA. *ost PDAs come ith
the facility to synchroni%e to a P6. (ith many PDAs, #hird-party synchroni%ation
softare is also available.
Q#estions:
How does a Smartphone )i%%er %rom a &ell Phone*
A smartphone differs from a cell phone in that it has many advanced features as ell
general cell phone features. A smartphone has its on operating system, some form of
?(1-#@ keyboard, eb access, and can be e"panded ith many types of softare.
'martphones include the iPhone, .lackberry, and Android phones among others.
Why B#y a Smartphone*
As a busy person, you kno the importance of staying a step ahead of your clients and
your family. @ou probably kno the feeling of being tied to your desk or home so as not
to miss that important email or phone call and to maintain convenient access to essential
dataNproposals, schedules, contact information, business nes or the stock market.
<oever, thousands have nefound freedom using PDA-style smartphones designed
for business (and fun). #hese cellular devices trace their roots back to the personal
digital assistant or PDA. !riginally used as businesspersonOs right hand to track
important client information, proDect statuses, and task lists, these devices have evolved
into an everymanOs (and omanOs) tool.
#hese cellular devices are much more than Dust cell phones2 they provide instant access
to the eb. (hether youOre researching nes to predict the stock market or looking for
the perfect golf course on the eekend, youOll find it on the net.
*any of these devices allo you to sync ith your desktop computer. #his means you
can store, vie, and ork on documents directly on your handheld. @ou can also receive
and respond to emails as they arrive in your inbo" on your home computer ith real-time
push email.
#hese products can also serve as multimedia devices, so your entertainment goes ith
you. #hey can store and display pictures and videos of friends and family and even
entire feature-length movies. *ost can take pictures and capture video, but the most
common multimedia function is the ability to play *P9sNsit back, rela", and enDoy your
favorite tunes hile traveling or during breaks.
Another perk of using one of these devices is the fairly recent development of third-party
applications (or apps). #hese apps range from those geared toard hardorking
business tasks to entertaining games and everything in beteen. (ith thousands of
apps available to donload in a range of prices, thereOs sure to be something that ill
appeal.
&#stomer loyalty by operatin+ system
%ccordin" to a surve$ of more than +,000 smartphone users throu"h 2010 $ moile
anal$tics firm ,okem, the top five lo$alt$ scores for smartphone platforms are the i-hone
at ./0, followed $ 1oo"le(s %ndroid at 200, Samsun"(s !ada at //0, 3IM(s
!lack!err$ at /00, and S$mian S+0 at 2/0. 4indows Moile and -alm follow at 100
each. #ustomer lo$alt$ "au"es the likelihood that the user of a smartphone platform
whose contract has e&pired or who has roken or lost their phone will repurchase another
one that uses that same platform