5.

13 World Development Indicators:

Science and technology

2013
States and Markets

Researchanddevelopment
(R&D)

Researchers

Technicians

fulltime
equivalentper
millionpeople

fulltime
equivalentper
millionpeople

200510

200510

Scientificand Expenditures
technical
forR&D
journalarticles

Hightechnologyexports

Chargesfortheuseof
intellectualproperty

Patentapplicationsfiled

Receipts

Payments

Residents

Nonresidents

Total

2011

2011

%ofGDP

$millions

%of
manufactured
exports

$millions

$millions

2011

Trademark
applications
filed

2009

200510

2011

2012

2012

2011

..

..

12

..

..

..

26

..

..

..

Albania

147

38

0.15

0.5

23

3,489

Algeria

170

34

607

0.07

0.2

91

94

803

5,960

95

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Andorra

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

803

Angola

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Afghanistan

AmericanSamoa

Antiguaand
Barbuda

..

..

..

0.0

..

..

..

729

1,091

221

3,655

0.60

2,111

8.0

162

2,163

801

4,781

69,565

Armenia

..

..

164

0.27

2.6

..

..

121

19

4,620

Aruba

..

..

..

..

4.0

10

..

..

..

Australia

4,294

1,127

18,923

2.37

4,411

11.9

976

4,218

2,383

23,143

61,509

Austria

Argentina

4,282

1,996

4,832

2.76

13,721

11.9

811

1,668

2,154

276

9,524

Azerbaijan

..

..

151

0.25

1.3

28

193

12

5,470

Bahamas,The

..

..

..

0.0

..

17

..

..

..

Bahrain

..

..

36

..

0.2

..

..

139

7,210

Bangladesh

..

..

260

..

..

..

11

32

274

11,645

Barbados

..

..

13

..

21

13.7

19

71

1,371

Belarus

..

..

380

0.64

511

2.6

23

105

1,725

146

10,959

Belgium

3,563

1,499

7,218

1.99

34,849

10.0

2,697

2,736

636

127

25,961

Belize

..

..

..

0.4

..

54

805

Benin

..

..

48

..

0.5

..

..

..

Bermuda

..

..

..

..

..

..

10

..

..

..

Bhutan

..

..

..

0.1

..

..

615

Bolivia

145

36

45

0.16

48

13.7

43

..

..

..

Bosniaand
Herzegovina

197

71

64

0.02

103

3.0

13

43

12

4,538

..

..

45

0.52

45

0.9

13

..

..

804

704

657

12,306

1.16

8,415

9.7

511

3,666

2,705

19,981

152,735

..

..

11

..

..

..

..

..

42

649

1,459

533

735

0.60

1,015

7.5

23

163

262

21

6,626

45

35

50

0.20

5.9

..

34

Burundi

..

..

..

8.5

..

..

..

Cambodia

..

..

27

..

0.1

11

..

..

..

Cameroon

..

..

145

..

14

4.9

12

..

..

..

4,470

1,814

29,017

1.80

25,017

13.4

3,745

10,867

4,754

30,357

48,472

CapeVerde

..

..

..

0.6

..

..

..

CaymanIslands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

CentralAfrican
Republic

..

..

..

0.0

..

..

..

..

..

Chad

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

ChannelIslands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

355

293

1,868

0.37

509

4.6

75

849

339

2,453

51,110

Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Darussalam
Bulgaria
BurkinaFaso

Canada

Chile
China

863

..

74,019

1.70

457,107

25.8

1,044

17,749

415,829

110,583

1,388,399

2,759

352

..

0.79

805

13.7

459

2,009

181

13,312

32,542

734

520

..

0.08

0.0

..

168

56

8,590

Colombia

161

..

608

0.16

401

4.3

90

527

183

1,770

29,084

Comoros

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Congo,Dem.
Rep.

..

..

19

0.47

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Congo,Rep.

..

..

18

..

79

3.7

..

..

..

..

..

334

..

98

0.54

2,512

40.8

86

14

630

14,124

HongKong
SAR,China
MacaoSAR,
China

CostaRica
Coted'Ivoire

70

..

56

..

155

15.1

17

..

..

..

1,613

591

1,164

0.73

673

7.6

32

296

230

21

7,759

Cuba

..

..

222

0.61

..

..

..

..

62

184

2,041

Curacao

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1,243

811

211

195

0.50

102

27.3

34

2,227

CzechRepublic

2,785

1,522

3,946

1.56

22,969

16.0

199

819

783

97

11,261

Denmark

Croatia

Cyprus

6,365

2,057

5,306

3.06

9,464

13.9

..

..

1,574

197

5,549

Djibouti

..

..

..

0.1

..

..

..

..

..

Dominica

..

..

..

0.0

..

..

..

Dominican
Republic

..

..

..

91

2.2

..

70

..

..

6,453

2013 World Development Indicators

Last updated date:09/23/2013

5.13 World Development Indicators:

Science and technology

2013
States and Markets

Researchanddevelopment
(R&D)

Researchers

Technicians

fulltime
equivalentper
millionpeople

fulltime
equivalentper
millionpeople

Scientificand Expenditures
technical
forR&D
journalarticles

Hightechnologyexports

Chargesfortheuseof
intellectualproperty

Patentapplicationsfiled

Receipts

Payments

Residents

Nonresidents

%ofGDP

$millions

%of
manufactured
exports

$millions

$millions

200510

2011

2011

2012

2012

2011

2011

57

3.2

..

66

690

16,195

200510

200510

2009

Ecuador

106

31

68

0.26

Egypt,ArabRep.

Trademark
applications
filed
Total

2011

420

394

2,247

0.21

96

0.7

..

345

618

1,591

4,493

ElSalvador

..

..

0.08

186

5.8

12

47

..

..

..

Equatorial
Guinea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Eritrea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

3,034

670

518

1.62

1,544

13.4

19

61

62

15

2,976

Ethiopia

45

17

175

0.24

2.0

..

..

..

FaeroeIslands

..

..

..

..

0.6

..

..

..

Fiji

..

..

31

..

3.4

..

..

..

Finland

7,722

..

4,949

3.88

5,358

9.3

3,623

1,402

1,650

124

5,447

France

3,751

1,900

31,748

2.25

105,101

23.7

12,408

9,574

14,655

2,099

93,298

FrenchPolynesia

..

..

..

..

18

15.8

..

..

..

Gabon

..

..

18

0.64

3.0

..

..

..

..

..

Gambia,The

..

..

20

0.02

3.3

..

..

..

..

..

Georgia

..

..

129

0.18

11

1.8

138

260

4,809

3,979

1,355

45,003

2.82

183,371

15.0

13,870

12,243

46,986

12,458

68,961

17

15

102

0.23

23

1.4

..

..

..

..

1,067

1,867

756

4,881

0.60

1,171

9.7

82

371

728

16

6,407

Greenland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Grenada

..

..

..

11.1

..

..

..

285

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

39

17

22

0.06

177

4.4

21

84

327

9,175

Guinea

..

..

..

0.1

..

..

..

..

GuineaBissau

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Guyana

..

..

..

0.1

52

42

..

..

..

Haiti

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1,949

Germany
Ghana
Greece

Guam
Guatemala

Honduras

..

..

..

12

1.3

..

39

253

1,997

Hungary

2,138

598

2,397

1.16

20,649

22.7

1,095

1,351

662

36

6,253

Iceland

9,068

1,983

259

2.64

156

20.9

..

..

50

21

3,702

136

93

19,917

0.76

12,871

6.9

302

2,820

8,841

33,450

198,547

India
Indonesia

90

..

262

0.08

5,728

8.3

58

1,800

541

5,297

53,196

751

..

6,313

0.79

584

4.5

..

..

..

..

3,387

49

26

70

..

..

..

..

..

..

3,230

730

2,799

1.79

25,229

23.1

4,766

41,284

494

67

3,593

IsleofMan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

6,304

4.40

8,826

14.0

1,057

1,073

1,360

5,526

8,831

1,748

..

26,755

1.26

31,160

7.4

4,060

6,049

8,794

927

42,641

..

..

51

..

0.6

47

20

93

2,372

5,180

591

49,627

3.36

126,478

17.5

31,892

19,898

287,580

55,030

107,898

Jordan

..

..

383

0.43

116

2.5

..

..

40

360

6,812

Kazakhstan

..

..

99

0.23

2,110

30.6

..

152

1,415

317

8,875

Kenya

56

63

291

0.42

100

5.7

55

15

77

120

1,607

Kiribati

..

..

..

42.7

..

..

..

..

..

Korea,Dem.
Rep.

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

8,018

39

1,313

Korea,Rep.

Iran,IslamicRep.
Iraq
Ireland

Italy
Jamaica
Japan

5,481

987

22,271

3.74

122,021

25.7

3,436

8,387

138,034

40,890

133,645

Kosovo

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Kuwait

152

35

214

0.11

16

0.5

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

15

0.16

3.0

134

3,349

KyrgyzRepublic
LaoPDR
Latvia

..

..

12

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1,690

385

162

0.60

561

8.2

11

42

173

10

3,545

Lebanon

..

..

256

..

49

2.4

25

..

..

7,127

Lesotho

21

22

0.03

0.3

..

..

..

633

Liberia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

770

Libya

..

..

34

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Liechtenstein

..

..

13

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

2,630
4,315

Lithuania

2,523

472

388

0.80

1,520

10.2

38

93

15

Luxembourg

4,998

2,804

137

1.63

1,234

9.7

645

509

85

43

..

472

82

57

0.23

123

3.9

28

37

4,780

Madagascar

46

25

35

0.15

52

8.4

..

..

58

1,869

Malawi

30

58

53

..

3.2

..

..

..

..

365

43

1,351

0.63

61,127

43.4

135

1,532

1,076

5,376

28,833
..

Macedonia,FYR

Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

38

12

25

0.25

2.4

..

..

..

1,412

713

38

0.63

1,309

47.2

24

93

822

2013 World Development Indicators

Last updated date:09/23/2013

5.13 World Development Indicators:

Science and technology

2013
States and Markets

Researchanddevelopment
(R&D)

Researchers

Technicians

fulltime
equivalentper
millionpeople

fulltime
equivalentper
millionpeople

200510

200510

Scientificand Expenditures
technical
forR&D
journalarticles

Hightechnologyexports

Chargesfortheuseof
intellectualproperty

Patentapplicationsfiled

Trademark
applications
filed

Receipts

Payments

Residents

Nonresidents

Total

%ofGDP

$millions

%of
manufactured
exports

$millions

$millions

2011

2012

2012

2011

2011

2011

2009

200510

2011

MarshallIslands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mauritania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mauritius

..

..

22

0.37

10

0.8

16

22

2,032

384

239

4,128

0.40

40,795

16.5

96

1,120

1,065

12,990

100,281

Mexico
Micronesia,Fed.
Sts.

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Moldova

794

78

80

0.53

17

6.3

19

97

11

5,483

Monaco

..

..

23

0.04

..

..

..

..

3,212

Mongolia

..

..

42

0.24

..

..

110

69

1,660

Montenegro

..

..

11

1.15

..

..

20

83

4,185

661

61

391

0.64

897

7.7

57

169

880

11,052
1,032

Morocco
Mozambique

16

35

29

0.21

71

26.5

..

..

Myanmar

..

..

10

..

0.0

..

..

..

..

..

Namibia

..

..

14

..

42

1.6

..

..

951

Nepal
Netherlands
NewCaledonia
NewZealand

..

..

56

..

0.3

..

..

..

..

..

3,134

1,279

14,866

1.83

67,148

19.8

4,960

3,421

2,585

310

..

..

..

..

..

160

15.4

..

..

..

4,951

902

3,188

1.30

661

9.3

310

914

1,501

4,708

17,748

Nicaragua

..

..

12

..

5.3

..

..

..

..

Niger

11

16

..

4.5

..

..

..

..

39

13

462

0.22

63

1.1

..

252

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

5,434

..

4,440

1.69

4,519

18.5

374

584

1,122

654

14,900

Nigeria
NorthernMariana
Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
PapuaNew
Guinea
Paraguay
Peru

..

..

114

..

137

2.6

..

..

..

..

2,189

162

64

1,043

0.46

316

1.8

161

92

861

15,734

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

117

..

73

0.19

4,769

35.4

12

42

21

420

11,372

..

..

17

..

..

..

..

..

45

..

75

..

11

0.06

43

7.3

..

18

347

22,102

..

..

159

..

305

6.2

216

39

1,129

24,711

78

11

223

0.11

12,949

46.4

504

186

3,010

18,611

Poland

1,685

286

7,355

0.74

8,614

5.9

223

2,296

3,879

244

18,195

Portugal

4,301

445

4,157

1.59

1,547

3.5

47

453

571

75

18,594

668

..

..

0.49

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

64

..

0.0

..

..

..

..

..

921

146

1,367

0.47

4,966

10.2

237

451

1,424

39

11,476

3,092

476

14,016

1.16

5,444

8.0

664

7,629

26,495

14,919

59,341
..

Philippines

PuertoRico
Qatar
Romania
Russian
Federation
Rwanda

12

..

12

..

3.4

30

..

..

Samoa

..

..

..

0.2

..

..

..

..

SanMarino

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1,428

SaoTomeand
Principe

..

..

..

14.0

..

..

..

..

531

SaudiArabia

..

..

710

0.08

201

0.7

..

..

347

643

..

384

53

56

0.37

0.6

..

..

..

1,060

224

1,173

0.92

..

..

36

175

180

49

6,979

156

635

0.30

3.4

..

..

91

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

724

6,173

551

4,187

2.43

126,435

45.2

1,649

16,511

1,056

8,738

18,954

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

990

Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
SierraLeone
Singapore
SintMaarten
(Dutchpart)
SlovakRepublic

2,780

382

1,000

0.63

4,718

7.1

129

224

33

5,020

Slovenia

3,795

1,935

1,234

2.11

1,403

5.8

87

412

442

11

1,883

SolomonIslands

..

..

..

71.8

..

..

..

Somalia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

393

122

2,864

0.93

1,903

5.1

67

2,017

656

6,589

33,484

SouthAfrica
SouthSudan
Spain
SriLanka

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

2,922

1,268

21,543

1.39

11,290

6.4

1,275

2,371

3,430

196

47,677

1.0

..

..

225

235

6,244

96

77

135

0.11

71

St.Kittsand
Nevis

..

..

..

0.1

..

..

..

St.Lucia

..

..

..

16.9

..

..

..

..

St.Martin
(Frenchpart)

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

St.Vincentand
theGrenadines

..

..

..

0.0

..

..

..

..

2013 World Development Indicators

Last updated date:09/23/2013

5.13 World Development Indicators:

Science and technology

2013
States and Markets

Researchanddevelopment
(R&D)

Researchers

Technicians

fulltime
equivalentper
millionpeople

fulltime
equivalentper
millionpeople

200510

200510

Scientificand Expenditures
technical
forR&D
journalarticles

Hightechnologyexports

Chargesfortheuseof
intellectualproperty

Patentapplicationsfiled

Receipts

Payments

Residents

Nonresidents

%ofGDP

$millions

%of
manufactured
exports

$millions

$millions

2011

2012

2012

2011

2011

2009

200510

2011

Sudan

..

..

63

..

10

29.4

Suriname

..

..

..

6.5

Swaziland

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

5,257

2,006

9,478

3.40

18,491

Switzerland

3,320

2,874

9,469

2.99

SyrianArab
Republic

..

..

72

Tajikistan

..

..

12

Tanzania

..

..

152

316

140

Thailand
TimorLeste

Trademark
applications
filed
Total

2011

..

..

1,198

..

..

680

16

..

..

727

13.3

6,738

2,366

2,004

337

11,991

50,301

24.4

..

..

1,597

446

29,062

..

38

1.3

37

..

..

2,425

0.09

..

..

2,788

0.43

41

5.4

..

..

..

..

2,033

0.21

33,265

20.7

241

3,610

927

2,997

38,950

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Togo

38

18

..

0.2

..

..

..

Tonga

..

..

..

0.0

..

..

..

..

..

Trinidadand
Tobago

..

..

48

0.05

0.1

..

..

280

..

Tunisia

1,863

43

1,022

1.10

732

5.6

23

13

..

..

..

Turkey

884

142

8,301

0.84

1,921

1.8

..

741

3,885

228

117,754

Turkmenistan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

2,293

Turksand
CaicosIslands

..

..

..

..

2.1

..

..

..

..

..

Tuvalu

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Uganda

..

..

143

0.41

149

21.9

20

11

..

..

..

Ukraine

1,353

288

1,639

0.86

1,908

4.4

124

727

2,649

2,604

30,001

UnitedArab
Emirates

..

..

265

..

50

3.2

..

..

..

..

..

UnitedKingdom

3,794

837

45,649

1.76

68,937

21.3

12,628

8,409

15,343

6,916

39,467

UnitedStates

4,673

..

208,601

2.90

145,273

18.1

124,182

39,889

247,750

255,832

306,049

520

..

246

0.43

79

5.8

34

20

667

6,302

Uzbekistan

..

..

139

..

..

..

..

..

282

274

4,991

Vanuatu

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

183

..

354

..

54

2.5

..

397

33

1,565

19,587

Vietnam

..

..

326

..

4,020

8.6

..

..

300

3,260

32,859

VirginIslands
(U.S.)

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

325

27

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Uruguay

Venezuela,RB

WestBankand
Gaza
Yemen,Rep.

..

..

25

..

0.3

33

20

55

3,233

43

67

35

0.34

221

24.8

..

..

..

866

..

..

56

..

0.8

..

..

..

..

..

1,271

..

788,333

2.21

1,778,319

17.3

241,740

248,400

1,264,981

681,082

3,843,695

Zambia
Zimbabwe
World
Lowincome

..

..

1,561

..

..

..

30

52

..

..

..

482

..

153,519

1.16

620,939

18.4

4,136

40,392

443,948

198,540

2,449,076

Lowermiddle
income

..

..

27,937

0.61

39,474

9.3

302

4,139

14,040

52,097

383,614

Uppermiddle
income

784

..

125,581

1.27

581,465

20.4

3,835

36,253

429,908

146,443

2,065,462

Low&middle
income

467

..

155,080

1.16

501,547

18.3

4,166

40,443

443,987

198,873

2,476,122

EastAsia&
Pacific

746

..

78,373

1.54

..

26.0

1,492

25,214

418,859

130,523

1,563,821

Europe&
CentralAsia

..

..

16,921

0.73

29,613

7.8

1,572

3,992

13,140

4,123

249,718

513

373

21,854

0.78

51,138

10.9

975

8,325

3,879

38,839

360,933

Middleincome

LatinAmerica&
Caribbean
MiddleEast&
NorthAfrica

..

..

11,421

..

2,633

2.9

25

414

..

..

44,489

129

86

21,432

0.75

..

6.4

10

175

8,965

34,585

210,807

SubSaharan
Africa

..

..

5,079

0.58

2,010

2.8

92

2,323

..

..

..

Highincome

3,858

..

633,253

2.49

1,157,206

17.0

237,574

207,956

820,994

482,209

1,367,573

3,229

1,418

171,873

2.11

465,246

15.3

49,379

82,809

82,335

16,764

335,031

SouthAsia

Euroarea

MostRecentValue(MRV)ifdataforthespecifiedyearorfullperiodarenotavailable.
AbouttheData

2013 World Development Indicators

Last updated date:09/23/2013

2013
States and Markets

5.13 World Development Indicators:

Science and technology

ResearchersinR&D(permillionpeople)
Longdefinition
ResearchersinR&Dareprofessionalsengagedintheconceptionorcreationofnewknowledge,products,processes,methods,orsystemsandinthemanagementoftheprojects
concerned.PostgraduatePhDstudents(ISCED97level6)engagedinR&Dareincluded.

Source
UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)InstituteforStatistics.

Scientificandtechnicaljournalarticles
Longdefinition
Scientificandtechnicaljournalarticlesrefertothenumberofscientificandengineeringarticlespublishedinthefollowingfields:physics,biology,chemistry,mathematics,clinical
medicine,biomedicalresearch,engineeringandtechnology,andearthandspacesciences.

Source
NationalScienceFoundation,ScienceandEngineeringIndicators.

Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure(%ofGDP)
Longdefinition
Expendituresforresearchanddevelopmentarecurrentandcapitalexpenditures(bothpublicandprivate)oncreativeworkundertakensystematicallytoincreaseknowledge,
includingknowledgeofhumanity,culture,andsociety,andtheuseofknowledgefornewapplications.R&Dcoversbasicresearch,appliedresearch,andexperimental
development.

Source
UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)InstituteforStatistics.

Hightechnologyexports(currentUS$)
Longdefinition
HightechnologyexportsareproductswithhighR&Dintensity,suchasinaerospace,computers,pharmaceuticals,scientificinstruments,andelectricalmachinery.Dataarein
currentU.S.dollars.

Source
UnitedNations,Comtradedatabase.

Chargesfortheuseofintellectualproperty,receipts(BoP,currentUS$)
Longdefinition
Chargesfortheuseofintellectualpropertyarepaymentsandreceiptsbetweenresidentsandnonresidentsfortheauthorizeduseofproprietaryrights(suchaspatents,
trademarks,copyrights,industrialprocessesanddesignsincludingtradesecrets,andfranchises)andfortheuse,throughlicensingagreements,ofproducedoriginalsor
prototypes(suchascopyrightsonbooksandmanuscripts,computersoftware,cinematographicworks,andsoundrecordings)andrelatedrights(suchasforliveperformancesand
television,cable,orsatellitebroadcast).DataareincurrentU.S.dollars.

Source
InternationalMonetaryFund,BalanceofPaymentsStatisticsYearbookanddatafiles.

Patentapplications,residents
Longdefinition
PatentapplicationsareworldwidepatentapplicationsfiledthroughthePatentCooperationTreatyprocedureorwithanationalpatentofficeforexclusiverightsforaninventiona
productorprocessthatprovidesanewwayofdoingsomethingoroffersanewtechnicalsolutiontoaproblem.Apatentprovidesprotectionfortheinventiontotheownerofthe
patentforalimitedperiod,generally20years.

Source
WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO),WorldIntellectualPropertyIndicatorsandwww.wipo.int/econ_stat.TheInternationalBureauofWIPOassumesnoresponsibility
withrespecttothetransformationofthesedata.

Trademarkapplications,total
Longdefinition
TrademarkapplicationsfiledareapplicationstoregisteratrademarkwithanationalorregionalIntellectualProperty(IP)office.Atrademarkisadistinctivesignwhichidentifies
certaingoodsorservicesasthoseproducedorprovidedbyaspecificpersonorenterprise.Atrademarkprovidesprotectiontotheownerofthemarkbyensuringtheexclusiveright
touseittoidentifygoodsorservices,ortoauthorizeanothertouseitinreturnforpayment.Theperiodofprotectionvaries,butatrademarkcanberenewedindefinitelybeyondthe
timelimitonpaymentofadditionalfees.

Source
WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO),WorldIntellectualPropertyIndicatorsandwww.wipo.int/econ_stat.TheInternationalBureauofWIPOassumesnoresponsibility
withrespecttothetransformationofthesedata.

Pleaseseetheonlinetableathttp://wdi.worldbank.org/table/5.13forobservationlevelmetadata,whichcanbedownloadedinExcel.

2013 World Development Indicators

Last updated date:09/23/2013