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Current-Mode PWM
Controller for Off-line
Power Supplies
The NCP1251 is a highly integrated PWM controller capable of
delivering a rugged and high performance offline power supply in a
tiny TSOP6 package. With a supply range up to 28 V, the controller
hosts a jittered 65 kHz or 100 kHz switching circuitry operated in peak
current mode control. When the power on the secondary side starts to
decrease, the controller automatically folds back its switching
frequency down to a minimum level of 26 kHz. As the power further
goes down, the part enters skip cycle while limiting the peak current.
Over Power Protection (OPP) is a difficult exercise especially when
noload standby requirements drive the converter specifications. The
ON proprietary integrated OPP lets you harness the maximum
delivered power without affecting your standby performance simply
via two external resistors. A latched Over Voltage Protection (OVP) is
combined on the same pin. For ease of implementation, an
auto-recovery OVP also monitors the VCC line. They offer an efficient
protection in case of optocoupler destruction or adverse open loop
operation.
Finally, a timerbased shortcircuit protection offers the best
protection scheme, letting you precisely select the protection trip point
irrespective of a loose coupling between the auxiliary and the power
windings.
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MARKING
DIAGRAM
TSOP6
(SOT236)
SN SUFFIX
CASE 318G
STYLE 13
1
5Ax
x
A
Y
W
G
Conditions
Internal Ramp Compensation
Internal Fixed 4 ms SoftStart
100 ms TimerBased AutoRecovery ShortCircuit Protection
Frequency Jittering in Normal and Frequency Foldback Modes
Option for AutoRecovery or Latched ShortCircuit Protection
OVP Input for Improved Robustness
Up to 28 V VCC Operation
AutoRecovery OVP Protection on VCC
+300 mA / 500 mA Source/Sink Drive Capability
Less than 100 mW Standby Power at High Line
EPS 2.0 Compliant
These are PbFree Devices
PIN CONNECTIONS
GND
DRV
FB
VCC
OPP/Latch
CS
Features
5AxAYWG
G
(Top View)
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package
dimensions section on page 2 of this data sheet.
Typical Applications
NCP1251
Vbulk
Vo u t
.
.
OVP
OPP
NCP1251
1
4
ramp
comp.
Pin Name
Function
Pin Description
GND
FB
Feedback pin
OPP/OVP
CS
This pin monitors the primary peak current but also offers a means to
introduce ramp compensation.
VCC
DRV
Driver output
OPTIONS
Controller
Frequency
OCP Latched
OCP AutoRecovery
NCP1251ASN65T1G
65 kHz
Yes
No
NCP1251BSN65T1G
65 kHz
No
Yes
NCP1251ASN100T1G
100 kHz
Yes
No
NCP1251BSN100T1G
100 kHz
No
Yes
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
Package Marking
OCP Protection
Switching Frequency
5AA
Latch
65 kHz
NCP1251BSN65T1G
5A2
Autorecovery
65 kHz
NCP1251ASN100T1G
5AC
Latch
100 kHz
NCP1251BSN100T1G
5AD
Autorecovery
100 kHz
NCP1251ASN65T1G
Package
Shipping
TSOP6
(PbFree)
3000 /
Tape & Reel
For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging
Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D.
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2
NCP1251
IpFlag
OP P
600 ns time
constant
Vlatch
Up
OVP
gone?
vd d
UVLO
hiccup
20 ms time
constant
power
on reset
counter
RST
4
S
VOVP
Q
Q
VDD
Vcc
1 ms
blanking
R
Power on
reset
Frequency
modulation
65/
100 kHz
clock
Clamp
S
Q
Q
R
Frequency
foldback
Drv
Vfold
Vskip
Rramp
vdd
RFB
4 ms
SS
The soft-start is activated during: IpFlag
- the startup sequence
- the auto-recovery burst mode
/ 4.2
FB
CS
LEB
VOPP
250 mV
peak current
freeze
Vlimit + VOPP
GND
Vlimit
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NCP1251
MAXIMUM RATINGS TABLE
Symbol
VCC
Rating
Value
Unit
28
0.3 to 10
IOPP
mA
RqJA
360
C/W
150
TJ,max
60 to +150
kV
200
Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the
Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect
device reliability.
1. This device series contains ESD protection and exceeds the following tests: Human Body Model 2000 V per MilStd883, Method 3015.
Machine Model Method 200 V.
2. This device contains latchup protection and exceeds 100 mA per JEDEC Standard JESD78.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(For typical values TJ = 25C, for min/max values TJ = 40C to +125C, Max TJ = 150C, VCC = 12 V unless otherwise noted)
Rating
Symbol
Pin
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
SUPPLY SECTION
VCCON
16
18
20
VCC(min)
8.2
8.8
9.4
VCCHYST
Clamped VCC when latched off / burst mode activation @ ICC = 500 mA
ICC1
Startup current
15
mA
ICC2
1.4
2.2
mA
ICC3
2.1
3.0
mA
ICC2
1.7
1.8
mA
ICC3
3.1
2.5
mA
Current flowing into VCC pin that keeps the controller latched
30
VZENER
ICCLATCH
ICCstby
mA
550
mA
DRIVE OUTPUT
Tr
40
ns
Tf
30
ns
ROH
Source resistance
13
ROL
Sink resistance
6.0
300
mA
500
mA
VDRVlow
VDRVhigh
10
12
14
Isource
Isink
CURRENT COMPARATOR
IIB
VLimit1
0.744
0.8
0.856
VLimit2
0.72
0.8
0.88
3. Guaranteed by design
4. See characterization table for linearity over negative bias voltage
5. A 1 MW resistor is connected from pin 3 to the ground for the measurement.
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4
0.02
mA
NCP1251
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(For typical values TJ = 25C, for min/max values TJ = 40C to +125C, Max TJ = 150C, VCC = 12 V unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
Rating
Pin
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
CURRENT COMPARATOR
Default internal voltage set point for frequency foldback trip point 45% of Vlimit
357
mV
250
mV
TDEL
100
TLEB
300
ns
TSS
Vfold
Vfreeze
150
ns
ms
IOPPo
31.3
IOOPv
0.51
0.55
0.60
IOOPv
Voltage setpoint for pin 1 biased to 250 mV (Note 4), TJ = 40C to 125C
0.50
0.55
0.62
IOPPs
INTERNAL OSCILLATOR
fOSC
61
65
71
kHz
fOSC
92
100
108
kHz
Dmax
Maximum dutycycle
76
80
84
fjitter
fswing
Swing frequency
240
Hz
FEEDBACK SECTION
Rup
20
kW
Req
16
kW
Iratio
4.2
1.05
Vfreeze
FREQUENCY FOLDBACK
Vfold
Frequency foldback level on the feedback pin [45% of maximum peak current
Ftrans
Vfold,end
1.5
22
26
V
30
kHz
350
mV
Vskip
300
mV
Skip
hysteresis
30
mV
2.5
Rramp
20
kW
PROTECTIONS
Vlatch
Tlatchblank
Tlatchcount
600
Timer
100
VOVP
24
Tlatchdel
TOVPdel
3. Guaranteed by design
4. See characterization table for linearity over negative bias voltage
5. A 1 MW resistor is connected from pin 3 to the ground for the measurement.
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5
2.7
3.3
V
ms
ns
ms
25.5
20
27
V
ms
NCP1251
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
72
85
84
70
83
68
81
FSW (kHz)
Dmax (%)
82
80
79
78
77
66
64
62
76
75
50
25
25
50
75
100
60
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
31
100
125
100
125
100
125
440
30
29
390
F_swing (Hz)
Ftrans (kHz)
28
27
26
25
24
23
25
25
50
75
100
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
490
0.87
440
0.85
FSW = 65 kHz
390
VLskip (mV)
0.83
Vlimit (mV)
240
140
50
125
0.89
0.81
0.79
0.77
340
290
240
0.75
190
0.73
0.71
50
290
190
22
21
50
340
25
25
50
75
100
140
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
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NCP1251
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
44
0.6
39
34
IOOPV (V)
IOOPO (%)
0.58
29
24
19
50
25
25
50
75
100
0.5
50
125
25
50
75
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
100
125
100
125
100
125
9.5
9.3
18.9
9.1
18.4
17.9
17.4
8.9
8.7
8.5
16.9
8.3
16.4
25
25
50
75
100
8.1
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
14
16
13
14
12
12
ICC1 (mA)
11
10
9
8
10
8
6
5
50
TEMPERATURE (C)
19.4
15.9
50
25
TEMPERATURE (C)
VCC(min) (V)
VCC(ON) (V)
0.54
0.52
19.9
VCC(Hyst) (V)
0.56
25
25
50
75
100
0
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
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NCP1251
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
2.5
2
FSW = 65 kHz
2
ICC3 (mA)
ICC2 (mA)
1.5
0.5
0
50
FSW = 65 kHz
1.5
1
0.5
25
25
50
75
100
0
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
100
125
100
125
100
125
30
10
25
ICCLatch (mA)
Vzener (V)
8
6
4
2
0
50
25
25
50
75
100
10
0
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
160
140
340
120
Req (kW)
290
Tleb (V)
15
390
240
190
100
80
60
40
140
90
50
20
20
25
25
50
75
100
0
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
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NCP1251
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
4.8
3.4
3.3
4.6
3.2
Vlatch (V)
Iratio ()
4.4
4.2
4
3.1
3
2.9
2.8
3.8
25
25
50
75
100
2.6
50
125
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
100
100
80
80
60
40
100
125
100
125
100
125
60
40
20
20
0
50
25
TEMPERATURE (C)
tfall (ns)
trise (ns)
3.6
50
2.7
25
25
50
75
100
0
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 23.
Figure 24.
11
35
10
30
25
Roh (W)
Rol (W)
6
5
15
10
3
2
50
20
25
25
50
75
100
5
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 25.
Figure 26.
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NCP1251
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
14
100
13
12
Vdrv_low (V)
Vovp_del (ms)
80
60
40
11
10
9
20
0
50
8
25
25
50
75
100
7
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 27.
Figure 28.
12.9
100
125
100
125
100
125
4.9
12.4
4.4
11.4
TSS (ms)
Vdrv_high (V)
11.9
10.9
10.4
9.9
3.9
3.4
9.4
8.9
50
25
25
50
75
100
2.9
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 29.
Figure 30.
1.9
360
1.8
358
1.6
Vfold(CS) (mV)
Vfold(FB) (V)
1.7
1.5
1.4
356
354
1.3
352
1.2
1.1
50
25
25
50
75
100
350
50
125
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 31.
Figure 32.
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NCP1251
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
0.41
390
340
0.37
Vskip (mV)
Vfold_end (V)
0.39
0.35
0.33
240
0.31
0.29
50
25
25
50
75
100
190
50
125
50
75
Figure 34.
100
125
100
125
1.7
1.5
Vfreeze(FB) (V)
Vfreeze (mV)
25
TEMPERATURE (C)
290
240
1.3
1.1
0.9
25
25
50
75
100
0.7
50
125
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 36.
3.5
150
140
2.5
130
120
1.5
110
100
0.5
0
Figure 35.
160
25
25
TEMPERATURE (C)
ICC (mA)
TIMER (ms)
Figure 33.
340
90
50
25
TEMPERATURE (C)
390
190
50
290
25
50
75
100
125
FSW = 65 kHz
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 37.
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3.5
NCP1251
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
26.9
26.4
VOVP (V)
25.9
25.4
24.9
24.4
23.9
50
25
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 39.
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100
125
NCP1251
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Introduction
Startup Sequence
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NCP1251
R3
200k
3
10
R2
200k
5
D2
1N4007
D1
1N4007
11
12
R1
200k
Cbulk
22uF
input
mains
D6
1N4148
D5
1N4935
VCC
D4
1N4007
D3
1N4007
C1
4.7uF
aux.
C3
47uF
Figure 40. The Startup Resistor Can Be Connected to the Input Mains for Further Power Dissipation Reduction
I CCt 1
VCC on * VCC min
3m
10m
9
w 3.3 mF
(eq. 1)
18
4.7m
2.5
w 34 mA
P Rstart*up +
I CVCC,min +
* VCC on
(eq. 2)
(eq. 3)
R start*up
R start*up v
* VCC on
I CVCC,min
85
1.414
p
* 18
49m
4R start*up
230 2
0.827Meg
230
4
2
413k
(eq. 5)
+ 64 mW
V ac,peak
v 413.5 kW
(eq. 4)
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NCP1251
Internal Over Power Protection
40.0
offtime
20.0
N1(Vout +Vf)
v(24) (V)
1
0
20.0
N2Vbulk
ontime
40.0
464u
472u
480u
time (s)
488u
496u
Figure 41. The Signal Obtained on the Auxiliary Winding Swings Negative During the Ontime
(eq. 6)
RoppU
swings to:
Vout during toff
N V in during ton
VCC
aux
Io p p
R oppL
K1
SUM2
ref
CS
OPP
reset
VDD
K2
0.8 V
$5%
ref = 0.8 V + VOPP
(V O P P is negativ e)
Figure 42. The OPP Circuitry Affects the Maximum Peak Current Set Point by Summing a Negative Voltage to the
Internal Voltage Reference
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NCP1251
Let us assume that we have the following converter
characteristics:
Vout = 19 V
Vin = 85 to 265 Vrms
N1 = Np:Ns = 1:0.25
N2 = Np:Naux = 1:0.18
Given the turns ratio between the primary and the auxiliary
windings, the ontime voltage at high line (265 Vac) on the
auxiliary winding swings down to:
V aux + N 2V in,max + 0.18
375 + 67.5 V
Div +
0.16
[ 2.4m
67.5
(eq. 8)
67.5 * 0.16
0.161k
[ 421 kW
(eq. 9)
(eq. 7)
Peak current
setpoint
100%
80%
375
Vbulk
Figure 43. The Peak Current Regularly Reduces Down to 20% at 375 Vdc
Frequency Foldback
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NCP1251
Frequency
Fsw
FB
VCS
max
65 kHz
max
0.8 V
[ 0.36 V
min
26 kHz
350 mV 1.5 V
Vfold
Vfold,end
3.4 V
[ 0.25 V
VFB
min
Vfreeze Vfold
1.05 V
1.5 V
3.4 V
VFB
Figure 44. By Observing the Voltage on the Feedback Pin, the Controller Reduces its Switching Frequency for an
Improved Performance at Light Load
AutoRecovery ShortCircuit Protection
15.9
4.32
14.8
9.90
3.35
6.05
vcc in volts
23.6
3.89
ilprim in amperes
Plot1
vdrv in volts
1 vcc
2 vdrv
3 ilprim
Vcc (t)
VDRV (t)
2.38
2
2.72
2.12
1.41
ILp (t)
SS
11.5
8.13
445m
500u
1.50m
2.50m
time in seconds
3.50m
4.50m
Figure 45. An AutoRecovery Hiccup Mode is Activated for Faults Longer than 100 ms
Slope Compensation
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NCP1251
2.5 V
0V
ON
latch
reset
20k
+
Rcomp
LEB
CS
Rsense
from FB
setpoint
Figure 46. Inserting a Resistor in Series with the Current Sense Information Brings Ramp Compensation and
Stabilizes the Converter in CCM Operation.
V ramp,peakD max
T sw
2.5 0.8
15m
(eq. 10)
Vout ) Vf NNps
Lp
(19 ) 0.8)
770m
+ 103 kAs
(eq. 11)
0.33
+ 34 kVs or 34 mVms
(eq. 12)
17m
+ 0.127
133m
(eq. 13)
R rampdivratio
(1 * divratio)
20k 0.127
[ 2.9 kW (eq. 14)
1 * 0.127
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NCP1251
D2
1N4148
R3
5k
11
RoppU
421k
VCC
OP P
C1
100p
aux.
winding
10
ROPPL
1k
5
OVP
Vlatch
OPP
Figure 47. A Simple Resistive Divider Brings the OPP Pin Above 3 V in Case of a VCC Voltage Runaway above
18 V
0.18
+ 18 V
0.25
R OVP +
V OVPR OPPL
18 * 3
31k
15
+ 5 kW (eq. 16)
3m
(eq. 15)
V latch * V VOP
D2
1N4148
11
ROPPU
421k
VCC
OPP
8
aux.
winding
10
C1
22pF
ROPPL
1k
5
Vlatch
OVP
OPP
Figure 48. A Zener Diode in Series with a Diode Helps to Improve the Noise Immunity of the System
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NCP1251
adapter box increases above a certain value. Figure 49
shows how to implement a simple OTP using an external
NTC and a series diode. The principle remains the same:
make sure the OPP network is not affected by the additional
NTC hence the presence of this isolation diode. When the
NTC resistance decreases as the temperature increases, the
voltage on the OPP pin during the off time will slowly
increase and, once it passes 3 V for 4 consecutive clock
cycles, the controller will permanently latch off.
D2
1N4148
ROPPU
841k
VCC
au x.
winding
OP P
ROPPL
2.5k
fulllatch
Vlatch
OPP
Figure 49. The Internal Circuitry Hooked to Pin 3 Can Be Used to Implement Over Temperature Protection (OTP)
(eq. 17)
10.4
8.8k
[ 1.2 mA
I ROPPU +
3
+ 2.5 kW
1.2m
200m
2.5k
+ 80 mA
(eq. 21)
(eq. 18)
R OPPU +
(eq. 20)
67.3
+ 841 kW
80m
(eq. 22)
(eq. 19)
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NCP1251
D3
15V
D2
1N4148
NT C
11
ROPPU
841k
VCC
OPP
10
au x.
winding
4
1
ROPPL
2.5k
5
OVP
Vlatch
OPP
Figure 50. With the NTC Back in Place, the Circuit Nicely Combines OVP, OTP and OPP on the Same Pin
AutoRecovery OVP
D2
1N4148
NT C
11
2
C1
330pF
ROPPU
841k
VCC
R3
220
3
aux.
winding
OP P
10
4
1
ROPPL
2.5k
5
Vlatch
OVP
OPP
Figure 51. A Small RC Filter Avoids the Fast Rising Spikes from Reaching the Protection Pin of the NCP1251 in
Presence of Energetic Perturbations Superimposed on the Input Line
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NCP1251
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
TSOP6
CASE 318G02
ISSUE U
D
H
E1
NOTE 5
L2
GAUGE
PLANE
E
3
L
b
DETAIL Z
0.05
SEATING
PLANE
A1
DETAIL Z
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M, 1994.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS.
3. MAXIMUM LEAD THICKNESS INCLUDES LEAD FINISH. MINIMUM
LEAD THICKNESS IS THE MINIMUM THICKNESS OF BASE MATERIAL.
4. DIMENSIONS D AND E1 DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH,
PROTRUSIONS, OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS, OR
GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15 PER SIDE. DIMENSIONS D
AND E1 ARE DETERMINED AT DATUM H.
5. PIN ONE INDICATOR MUST BE LOCATED IN THE INDICATED ZONE.
DIM
A
A1
b
c
D
E
E1
e
L
L2
M
MIN
0.90
0.01
0.25
0.10
2.90
2.50
1.30
0.85
0.20
0
MILLIMETERS
NOM
MAX
1.00
1.10
0.06
0.10
0.38
0.50
0.18
0.26
3.00
3.10
2.75
3.00
1.50
1.70
0.95
1.05
0.40
0.60
0.25 BSC
10
STYLE 13:
PIN 1. GATE 1
2. SOURCE 2
3. GATE 2
4. DRAIN 2
5. SOURCE 1
6. DRAIN 1
RECOMMENDED
SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
6X
0.60
6X
3.20
0.95
0.95
PITCH
DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS
ON Semiconductor and
are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice
to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages.
Typical parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All
operating parameters, including Typicals must be validated for each customer application by customers technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights
nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications
intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should
Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates,
and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death
associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.
http://onsemi.com
22
NCP1251/D