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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY 1 LECTURE: PRELIMS

RATE LAW (DIFFERENTIAL) is the expression that relates the rate of reaction to the rate
constant and the concentrations of the reactants raised to some powers.
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F2(g) + 2ClO2(g) 2FClO
RATE DATA
EXPERIMENT F2 [M] ClO2 [M] INITIAL RATE [M/s]
1 0.10 0.01 1.2 x 10
-3

2 0.10 0.4 4.8 x 10
-3

3 0.20 0.01 2.4 x 10
-3


A. ORDER OF REACTANTS x = 1 and y = 1
B. OVERALL ORDER: 2
C. RATE LAW [

]

[


D. RATE CONSTANT K =


SOLUTION:

[]

[]

[]

[]


4 = (4)
y

y = 1

[]

[]

[]

[]


2 = (2)
x

x = 1



[]

[]


= [

]

[

[]

[]

[ ][ ]





2NO(g) + 2H2(g) N2(g) + 2H2O(l)

RATE DATA
EXPERIMENT NO [M] H2 [M] INITIAL RATE [M/s]
1 5 x 10
-3
2 x 10
-3
1.3 x 10
-5

2 10 x 10
-3
2 x 10
-3
5 x 10
-5

3 10 x 10
-3
2 x 10
-3
10 x 10
-5


A. ORDER OF REACTANTS x = 2 and y = 1
B. OVERALL ORDER: 3
C. RATE LAW = []

[


D. RATE CONSTANT K =


E. RATE IF NO is 0.085 M and H2 is 0.035 M
SOLUTION:

[]

[]

[]

[]


2 = (2)
x

x = 2


2 = (2)
y

y = 1


[]

[]


= []

[

[]

[]

[]

][





RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REACTANT CONCENTRATION AND TIME
Order

Reaction Rate Constant

Half Life (

)
1

r = K[A]


s
-


2

r = K[A][B] or K[A]
2

[][]

M
-
s
-

3
totally dependent
r = [A]
0


M
-2
s
-



HALF LIFE time required for a given concentration to be reduced to half of its initial
concentration
COLLISION THEORY for a reaction the molecules must collide to initiate a reaction
Collisions to be effective require the proper orientation of the impact and the energy to make and
break the bonds.
ACTIVATION ENERGY minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction
ACTIVATED COMPLEX / TRANSITIONAL STATE pre-structure of substance before it forms its
products
EXOTHERMIC REACTION liberates heat smaller reaction
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - absorbs heat higher reaction
ARRHENIUS EQUATION - shows the dependence of rate constant on temperature


Ae = Frequency Ea = Activation Energy R = 8.314 J/Kmol
MOLECULARITY OF REACTION
UNIMOLECULAR Where A products, rate concentration of A r = K[A]
BIMOLECULAR Where A + B products where r = K[A][B] or K[A]
2

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