‫ا‬

AL-JALEYS
Part III

A Textbook for Learning Arabic Language & Culture

Mohammed Jiyad

1
To Harry Barnes, Jr. who believes that

A different language

is a different

vision of life.

‫ب‬
ُ ِ‫و ُ َ ٍ  ا ن ِ آ‬ ٍ !" ‫ج‬
ُ " 
‫أ
 ن ٍ  ا‬

Please e-mail your comments to : mjiyad@mtholyoke.edu

2
 CONTENTS

Introduction 2

Unit 1, The Train 6

Unit 2, Khadim's Grandmother 31

Unit 3, The Time of Curse 58

Unit 4, The Village Boy 89

Unit 5, 'Aashur 122

Unit 6, A Handful of Dates 153

Unit 7, 'Ain al-Hayaat 180

Unit 8, Baab al-Sahat 211

Unit 9, Son of al-A'raj 244

Unit 10, Sultan Shahrayar (from 1001) 276

3
 Introduction

For decades teachers have been combining language and content through techniques such
as storytelling, games, role plays, and, more recently, integration of subject area. The
introduction of teaching language in order to achieve proficiency based outcomes has
underscored the importance of meaning and context in comprehension and production. The
guidelines developed by ACTFL and the Educational Testing Service (ETS) define what language
users are able to do with the language at various stages. In the last ten years, many professionals
grasped the idea of using the proficiency definition of what it means to know a language for
purposes of organizing instruction. The proficiency model defines language ability in terms of
three criteria:

(1) functions: linguistic tasks performed such as asking for information, narrating past
activities, or expressing opinions.

(2) contexts/contents: the settings in which one uses language, e.g., informal settings,
transactional situations, formal settings, together with the topic or themes of conversation,
such as topics related to self and to immediate environment (family, shopping,
transportation, restaurant, etc., concrete topics of personal and general interest, and
abstract topics.

(3) accuracy: the precision of the message in terms of fluency, grammar, vocabulary,
pragmatic competence, pronunciation, sociolinguistic competence (Buck, Byrnes, and
Thompson 1989). Meaning and contextualized practice form the foundation for an
approach that seeks to develop proficiency.

The recent focus on more meaningful, contextualized teaching has prompted some changes in
the traditional bottom-up mechanical /communicative format of textbook exercises. In his
review of textbook exercise formats, Waltz (1989) found that current textbooks are
“contextualizing” mechanical or skill-getting exercises in a wide variety of ways such as by:

(1) connecting exercise sentences with the same situation or theme;

(2) providing a context for the exercise in the form of information concerning people,
activities or description; and

(3) combining cultural aspects with language practice within the exercise.

Recent studies in foreign language teaching have pointed to the possible benefit of a “top-
down” or “whole language” approach to language instruction, through which students
manipulate language to communicate thoughts by using higher level skills before attending to
discrete language structures with the use of lower level skills. By means of activities such as
negotiation of meaning and joint problem solving with the teacher and classmates, students
participate in amore complex task than the students are capable of producing by themselves
(Adir-Hauck 1992). Therefore, meaning and context take the front seat in this performance
before competence approach, which reflects how first-language learners acquire language.
Anderson (1984) proposes four criteria for judging a whole language approach to language
teaching. Language learning should:

4
 (1) include meaningful, natural language

(2) include whole language, not language fragments

(3) be functional, and

(4) be learned in a meaningful context.

Basically, the above principles have been utilized in the development of "Al-Jaleys" textbook. In
addition, a culture-based textbook and its syllabus identify a possible sequence of contexts of
communication, grammatical structures, and cultural topics that could be integrated. The
culture topics in Al-Jaleys appear in three categories:

(1) those dealing with surface features of the Arabic culture with primary emphasis on
behavior;

(2) those pertaining to daily life in the target culture-habits, patterns of living, etc.;

(3) those dealing with a more conceptual level, with attention to political, social,
economical, culture institutions and pattern, and with the challenges currently facing
Arabs. The convergence of these factors serves as a process through which students are
able to acquire a set of behavior, body of knowledge, a set of skills, and a cultural
proficiency that facilitate learning about the Arabic culture and their own cultures as
well.

Finally, Al-Jaleys recommends an interactive teacher/student relationship that can be

categorized as "cognitive instruction." Through this approach, students process information in
meaningful ways, take responsibility for their own learning and become independent learners.
As students and teacher work together to understand and explore new contexts through
"scaffolding" process, the teacher shows learners how to use various strategies to solve language
and culture tasks. In exploring longer segments, students are guided through by means of
various steps, ranging from identifying main ideas to express opinions and writing compositions.

M. M. Jiyad

January 1997

Revised in 2008

5
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‫ن‬
‫
اا ِ‬
‫أَِ ُر و ِْ ُ‬

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‬
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‫ن آِ*َ ِ "&ْ‬
‫‪E‬أ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ،ِ@2' A‬أي وا&ي‪ .‬أ‪ُ 1َ6‬‬
‫‪َ :% ً 4 B‬‬‫ا‪ ُ@. ،ِ(19/C‬أرا َد أنْ ‪َ 8ُ1‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
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‫ُأْ!ِ‪&ِ ْH‬ا ‪ ,‬ا‪ِ G‬‬
‫‪َ ' K‬م ‪ ،1973‬وُأْ!ِ‪ &َ ِ ْH‬آ‪ -*' 01‬ا (ِ ا‪C‬ا"(ِ – ا‪1R‬ا(ِ‬ ‫ ‪ )G‬د‪َ H%‬‬ ‫ا‪.‬ا‪2 *L‬‬
‫ن ‪ ,‬اه ِة ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ I‬ا‪َ T‬‬
‫ ‪ ،ً1= ً %' َ H' َ(/َV &َ C‬آ أ‪ َV‬أ‪ V‬ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ C1‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
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‬
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‫‪ٍ Gِ K‬‬ ‫ب ‪ُ َ*ْ6ُ1‬‬
‫ن ا ُ‬
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أ`‪ &ُ C‬ا‪ 0َ */‬آ َ‬
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‫ن‬
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‫ب‬
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‫ح وأ أه‪ ُo‬ا‪ُ !a= .0َ */‬‬
‫ت ا‪R‬و‪ -‬ا! ا!ََ ‪َ 8ُ%  ,‬د‪ , ً(َ,‬ا‪ِ 8‬‬ ‫آ
ْ ا‪D‬ا ُ‬
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‪U+‬ر ًة ‪ُ /= 0D j‬‬‫ &و ٍء و=!*‪ُ a‬‬
‫ح‬
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ْ ‪ُ a= /a‬‬
‫ب ‪  ِ!Z‬و=!‪*:%  0ُ /‬‬ ‫‪َ  B‬‬
‫
أُ  ُء ‪ ,‬ا‪ِ )C8‬د ‪ُ !a=  ,‬‬ ‫ِؤ‪ . ِ!1‬و‪ ,‬ا‪)C‬د ِة آ ُ‬
‫ت‬
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ْ ‪  !/‬ا د‪ُ = ُ(L‬‬ ‫‪ , A‬ا‪ِ 8‬‬ ‫=‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آ
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أ!* ُ‬ ‫آ ُ‬
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أ=‪/‬ء ُ‬
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‫ي   ه&‪َ )9= ً(1‬‬ ‫ت أنْ أ‪َ !Z‬‬
‫"ر ُ‬
‫ن =&‪ٍAV‬؟ ه ا! =‪pG‬‬‫‪ُ& k 7‬أ ا‪َ d9‬م ‪ . C%‬و‪ ْ39‬ه‪! ْA‬آُ  أه*   &و ِ‬ ‫آ َ‬
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‫‪7‬‬
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َ Uِ ُt‬ا‪ ُ(*/*/‬ا! ‪.ِ@ِ=V% ,‬‬ ‫‪ (r*%m ) A‬و‪ُ *1‬‬‫‪ُ C1‬‬
‫€‬
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 و  َ‬ ‫أ=‪U‬آ ُ أ ا'!‪ُ 4‬‬
‫
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‫ن ‪&ُ+ \ +,‬و َد َ@ُ‬ ‫‪ .A‬آ َ‬
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‫
'* ‬ ‫ƒ و=** ُ‪ .0‬د‪ُ 1‬‬
‫
أ  =‪ُ 9‬‬‫ت ‪ً j!ُ%‬ة‪ُ ,' .‬‬
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‫‪ K‬ا‪&= ْ0  9 ،ُa8‬ه‪ ْI‬و‪&ُ َْ1 ْ0‬‬ ‫
ا‪َ *, َ(*/*/‬‬
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ا &‪ َ(1‬و‪ُ Ut‬‬ ‫‪ .@ِ!= ْ0*,‬أ‪ُ 9/%‬‬
‫'*  أ  ‪.ًnZ ْ
C‬‬
‫€ ا‪ 1 , -4)a‬ر] َ‪   < )= 0‬‬ ‫ن ا !  =‪ُ C‬‬
‫‪ ْ
tV‬أ‪ 3%  %‬ا‪ ِ(H‬و=‪D . ْ
ak‬‬
‫„  و ِ‪4)a‬ه ا! =‪ ،1 ,  :C‬وأ‬ ‫ت '&‪ً &1‬ة‪ .‬و أ‪  ُ=V‬أ ا ! ُ‬‫‪%‬ا ٍ‬
‫
  "رًا ‪ !ُ a81‬إ‪ ْ3% ْ
a!V‬و‪  ِ t‬ا !‪ ُ(%/‬ا‪ ،ِ(*%‬و‪ً(66% ْ=9Z‬‬ ‫ا‪ُ 1!Z‬‬
‫ت ‪ ْ3' 0p ُَ1‬ا‪.-.‬‬
‫ ‪ٍ )8‬‬
‫‪ -‬إ‪ Wُ ْ/َ= \  . Wَ !!/َ= ْ3  D‬و\ =َ!َ‪!0ُ D*َ9‬‬
‫
ا &‪&َ ' َ(1‬‬
‫
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‫ب ا‪ُ ِْCُ` .ِ(H‬‬
‫‪ 0D ُj‬أ]**
ْ  َ‬
‫اب‪.‬‬
‫
ا َر '‪ً&L‬ا إ‪ !1&% -‬ا‪ِ 68‬ة ا‪ِ(,6‬‬
‫
إ‪t‬ز= ‪ ,‬ا) ِم ا! واْ!َ*‪ُ D‬‬ ‫"‪ُ C‬‬
‫ب ا<‪ ِ(aa‬ا‪ِ(C‬‬
‫‪ B‬ا) ِ‬
‫‪ , B‬ر) (ِ ر‪ِ 1‬‬ ‫ت‪ !1&% .‬ا! =‪ُ /‬‬ ‫'*‪ ِ  !a4 -‬ا‪a‬ا ِ‬
‫ ا‪ ِ(GL‬ادي ‪ ,‬ا‪.‬ه)ا ِر ا‪.ِ(1‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪ B‬ا) ِ‬
‫ب =َ ُ‪ 1 ،pE‬ر‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪ B‬ا) ِ‬
‫ر‪ُ 1‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪ِ(َ*D:‬‬
‫ت ‪ ْ3ِ% ً nZ‬رُ) َ!ِ ِ‬
‫) ‪ً D َ%‬ة "َ‪ُ ْD‬‬
‫‪َ Aِ%‬ء آ) ‬
‫ت آن ا ُر و*(َ ‪a‬ي ‪!1&% ْ3%‬‬ ‫ل ‪ِ !,‬ة و‪)t‬دي ‪&6 ِ(C%t ,‬ا َد ‪) &َ C‬ا ٍ‬ ‫‪َ dV‬‬
‫
'* ‬ ‫ق ‪ ْ3% %+ &َ C‬ز‪ ٍ(%‬درا(ٍ ‪ُ *8+‬‬ ‫ت ‪6%‬در َة ا‪C‬ا ِ‬
‫وإ ‪ .‬و'&‪" %‬ر ُ‬
‫ ‪ ْ3%‬أ`&"‪)! L‬د‪(G% , C1‬‬ ‫‪ ِ([% ْ3%‬ا‪ 0ِ %.‬ا!‪ِ &G‬ة 'م ‪ َ $+ ،1976‬ا‪ُ C‬‬
‫
ا[ُ ُ إ‪ -‬و‪ِ )t‬‬
‫ك ا ُر آ ُ‬
‫ك و'&‪َ G= %‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ H‬‬‫
‪&C% ,‬ي ‪َ t‬‬ ‫ا ِر‪ُ /*t .‬‬
‫‬
‫
‪َ C‬‬‫ت =‪ )*C‬و‪)t‬هَ ُ‪ .0‬وأ‪ُ G pُl‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ْ0 1&1k‬وا‪ُ %/! R‬‬‫أ`&"‪ L‬وه‪َ )+2)*ُ1 0‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
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‫ق ‪ِ )/" ْ3% ً ,)V‬ة ا‪)"Dَaَ!, ِ(*/‬ا‬
‫ج ا‪C‬ا ِ‬
‫ن هُكَ‪ ،‬أو ‪ ْ3%‬ه )ا ‪V‬ر َ‬ ‫‪%‬زا)ا ‪َ )HC1‬‬
‫‪ E‬وهُ ‪. ِ Z m2 ' ,‬‬ ‫
ا!‪ِ 1UC‬‬‫ن =‪َ G‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا!ُ‪ &َ ِ ْH‬إ‪ِ j‬‬
‫و=َ‪DَH‬دوا ‪ِ d ,‬د ا‰ِ‪ِ + , ،‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا ‬
‫‪' A‬ي أ'‪ !*L' ْ
9 Uُ % 0ُ ُ,‬ا&‪َ " %&' َ(1‬ر وا&ي أنْ ! َ‬ ‫‪Z‬بٌ ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ك ‪َ +‬ة ا‪.ِ(1‬‬‫و! َ‬
‫ن ‪/1‬ر‪ ً 1‬و`‪.ً 1‬‬
‫‪ُ )91 7‬‬
‫€ آ َ‬‫‪ A‬آُديŠ ‪ ُ(* ْ0 a= 0‬ا‪ِ C‬‬ ‫)‪ &V‬ا‪ ْ3% (3%.‬أ` ٍ‬
‫‪ِ 8"" , E‬‬ ‫
ا!‪ِ 1UC‬‬
‫ت =‪َ G‬‬
‫‪ A‬إ‪َ % ُ@D‬‬
‫أ‪UV‬و ُ ‪ ,‬أ‪ &ِ +‬ا* و‪ ْ&ُC1 ْ0‬إ‪َ " .ِ@ِ!*L' -‬‬
‫ا ‪&6 "ِ(1‬ا َد‪.‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬‫ي ‪)G‬ا ! ِ‬ ‫ب ‪ُZ‬طَ ا&‪2 )%‬‬
‫‪ &َ C A‬ا‪ِ d‬‬‫‪ A‬أنْ &‪ َAV‬ا‪َ !C‬‬ ‫)ا‪ &/‬و&( '‪َ " ُ@ُ!,‬‬
‫‪)` K‬ر ًة آ ًة‬‫‪ A‬أُ‪ ُ@%‬وأ‪)V‬ا=@ِ‪َ *' .‬‬
‫‪ًm<% ُ@ B‬ا ‪+ ,‬ر=ِ ‪َ C‬‬ ‫ك ا&ر(َ و‪َ !,‬‬ ‫= َ‬
‫ث ‪ &َ C @C%‬أ‪ٍ 1‬م ‪ْ3%‬‬
‫
أ=‪ُ &G‬‬‫ƒ '& ا` '*‪ -‬وا‪ ِ( t‬ا< ِ‪ .m‬أ=‪U‬آ ُ أ آ ُ‬ ‫*‪ِ L‬‬
‫ح ا< ِ‪ َ$+ %&' m‬ا‪] ُo $‬زي ‪1 7‬ا‪ ِ `' ْ3% ٌ(jdj ُ@,‬ا‪،ِ3%.‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ !!,‬‬
‫ل @ُ ]زي‪:‬‬‫‪َ " E‬‬
‫ل '‪ ْ3‬ا‪ِ /‬‬
‫ل ا‪)8‬ر َة‪ .‬و‪َ k D‬‬ ‫و*)ا ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ &ِ /‬و& أنْ ‪َ mِ ُ1‬‬
‫\‬
‫قإ ‪D‬‬
‫ب ‪ ,‬ا‪C‬ا ِ‬
‫ف أ@ُ \ أ‪m+‬ا َ‬ ‫
=‪ُ C‬‬‫‪ .‬وأ َ‬‫ب  Š‬‫ƒ ‪ٍ mG ً !9%‬‬‫‪ -‬ه‪U‬ا ‪ ٌm<%‬و َ‬
‫‪ 3‬أ') ُد ‪.ٍ(' &َ C‬‬
‫€‪ \ .‬أر‪ &ُ 1‬أنْ أرى ه‪ ِ U‬ا‪)8‬ر َة ‪َ +‬‬
‫ب ا‪ِ C‬‬
‫‪ُ m+‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ل =* َ‬
‫ف أ@ُ ‪َ mُ1 ْ3‬‬
‫ل ا‪)8‬ر ِة ‪ .‬أ' ِ ُ‬ ‫
أ ‪m‬ا ِ‬ ‫‪ ْAَُ1 ْ0‬ا‪ &ُ /‬و& ‪ ،ًnZ‬و" ُ‬
‫‪.E‬‬
‫‪ ُ@ E‬ا‪ ْ3ِ% َ :َ9‬اَ!'ِ ِ‬
‫‪ُ ِ*ََ r‬‬
‫ن ذ َ‬
‫ا‪)8‬رةَ‪ ،‬وأ ‪D‬‬
‫‪&%) 7‬ر(ِ ‪ 3 &V‬ا)&( ا!‬
‫ن ‪َ *V‬‬
‫ن ا‪ٍ !/ , ً Dَ+
/Za‬‬ ‫أ‪ &ُ /‬و&‪ ،‬د‪ ُ@,‬ا‪َ ):C‬‬
‫ف‬
‫‪ 7‬ه) ا‪U‬ي أ‪َ Z‬‬ ‫‪] 3‬زي  َ‬‫ن ‪ َo 4‬ا‪ِ %.‬‬ ‫
‪ &ُ C ,‬أ ‪D‬‬‫‪ُ C .A‬‬ ‫‪))+‬ه إ‪ٍ !Cُ% -‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪ ِ(1‬ا‪U‬ر ِة‪.‬‬‫'*‪َ *= Uِ a= -‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ت ‪َ )+‬‬ ‫ن ‪% ,‬و‪)*8G ٍ(a ٍ(+‬ا ‪ -*' @%‬ا'!ا‪ٍ ,‬‬ ‫)*‪ 0‬داود( '*@ُ ا‪d‬دو َ‬
‫ث درا‪ ٍ(t‬ر‪.ٍ(1‬‬ ‫ن ‪ َ3 Uُ % Cُ1‬أ ً دا‪+ َ(! ِ  l , ً L‬د ٍ‬
‫ب‪ .‬آ َ‬ ‫=[ ِ‪ 0‬ا‪ِ mG‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ن *‪ِ &Z ْ3% -9 0‬ة ا‪َ dV 0ِ .‬‬ ‫نأ‪D‬‬‫ض ‪ ُ@%‬أنْ أ َ‪َ ))1 % W‬‬ ‫ل ا‪ُ 6‬‬‫ت ' ٍ‬ ‫")ا ‪ٍ )8‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ن ‪ ِ@,‬ا‪َ *!C‬‬
‫
ا‪U‬ي ‪َ ) UC1‬‬‫‪ K‬ه) ا)" ُ‬ ‫ن ا!‪َ G‬‬ ‫ف ‪ ً C‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .ُ@C% K‬وآ ‪ُ C‬‬ ‫ا!‪ِ G‬‬
‫ن‬
‫
‪D.‬‬ ‫ث )اتٍ‪ ،‬و`ُ ِ&‪ُ ْ%‬‬ ‫‪&C 3‬ي ‪ِ d:‬‬ ‫ج ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ /‬‬ ‫‪Z .‬ه&=@ُ ‪ &َ C‬أنْ ‪َ V‬‬ ‫‪ \ A‬إ‪Š /‬‬ ‫ ‪ٍ 9H‬‬
‫ \‪ .Wٍ %‬وه‪U‬ا أ'‪) -‬آ‪ 0l‬ا‪ (C‬وه)‬ ‫ن ‪Š $,‬‬ ‫‪ A‬إ‪ٍ ) -‬‬‫ل ‪ِ %9‬‬‫‪َ )G= ْ&" ُ CZ‬‬
‫ت‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪َ &!1 9 َ(`a‬ر ‪k‬نْ \ أ‪ِ  ْ3% &َ +‬‬ ‫ن ‪ , C%‬ا![ ِ‪ 0‬وا‪ِ !C‬‬ ‫`&‪ ُ V‚ ٌK1‬آ َ‬
‫ج ‪ .ُ@%‬وآن *‪p 1 0‬د '*@ِ  !‪ ِ@ِ!%/‬ا‪:ِ($1C‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪m‬وا َ‬‫ا`‪ُ ! ِ(1‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
 ‫ل ‪ًV‬ا! )*‪ 0‬داود‬‫‪ُ 1 \ r‬‬
‫ج! و'*‪ -‬أ‪+ ِ(D1‬لٍ‪َ1 ْ3َ% ،‬ى و‪َ t‬‬
‫ك أ‪m ٌA%‬وا ِ‬ ‫ƒ ه َ‬‫‪َ  -‬‬
‫ن ‪(!ْo, ً(jdj‬‬
‫ت ا‪ ِ(1&% , ِ(G/‬ا`‪ ِ(1‬آ َ‬
‫ و'& ُد ا‪ِ dLC‬‬ ‫‪ G/%‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ن ا ُ‪) ُ@َ)/1 W‬آ‪ 0l‬ا‪ (C‬ر] َ‪ 0‬أ@ُ ُوِ َ& ‪ ,‬ا‪C‬اق وآ‪َ U‬‬ ‫)آ‪)t 0l‬اد( آ َ‬
‫ت‬
‫ك ‪ ,‬ا![ها ِ‬ ‫ب (ٍ‪ ،‬وه أ‪Z ُ@D‬ر َ‬ ‫‪ ْ3% A‬ا&ر(ِ ‪َ .‬‬ ‫وا& ُ‪ .‬و'&‪َ ِ8ُ, %‬‬
‫‪, E‬‬‫‪ ٍ(/ I‬وا‪ٍ &+‬ة‪ .‬أ‪ُ /‬‬ ‫‪&6 7‬ا َد‪ .‬أ‪UV‬و ُ *<&‪ ِ(%‬ا‪mR‬ا‪ , ِ(%‬ا ِ‬ ‫ا‪ِ *+ &D 4 ِ( d‬‬
‫‪&َ ' ِ@, 3‬‬
‫ق وا!) َ‬ ‫ح إ‪ -‬ا‪C‬ا ِ‬‫ ‪َ m‬‬
‫‪ A‬إ‪1‬ا Š‬‫ن ‪ ْ3%‬أ` ٍ‬ ‫ن ‪ &D َt‬آ‪ 0l‬آ َ‬‫ه‪ ِ U‬ا!‪ ِ(/‬ه) أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ ،ِ(a/*a‬آ ‪p G1‬‬ ‫ن آ‪ 0l‬أآ‪*ِ ً+ :‬اء ِة ‪ ً(`V‬آ! َ‬ ‫‪ .3‬آ َ‬‫ن ا‪َ 1HC‬‬ ‫‪ Wِ *%‬ا ِ‬
‫ب ا< َ '&‪، ُj ُ@ ُ ,)!1 %‬‬
‫ا‪َ G‬ة ا)ه‪ .َ(D‬و‪' ْ3%‬دا=ِ@ِ ا‪C‬و‪ ِ(,‬أ@ُ ‪ُ H1‬‬
‫‪ُ A‬أ‪ ُ@D%‬وأ‪ ُ V‬ا‪U‬ي آن‬
‫ن آ‪ُ C1 0l‬‬‫‪ .A‬آ َ‬‫ش ‪ٍ Vk!% ٍ(' -!+‬ة ‪ ْ3%‬ا* ِ‬ ‫‪ E‬ا َ‬
‫و‪p G1‬‬
‫ن ا*(ِ ‪&6 ,‬ا َد‪.‬‬‫س ‪ ,‬آ*(ِ ا‪ِ )a‬‬‫‪&1‬ر ُ‬
‫‪ ْ3% 3‬أ'‪ِ $‬ء‬ ‫ل ا‪ِ %.‬‬ ‫ن ر‪ُ t‬‬‫ب ‪ُZ‬طَ ا&‪)%‬ي‪ ،2‬آ َ‬
‫‪ A‬آ‪ &َ C C% 0l‬إ‪ِ d‬‬ ‫'&‪ُ %‬أ'ْ!ُِ َ‬
‫ أنْ‬‫‪ 0  K‬أ‪ ْ0ِ 1‬ا‪2 ,)H‬‬‫( و\ ‪p G1‬‬ ‫€ ‪ٍ )/َِ ُ@ِ)*%Cُ1‬ة ‪ٍ &1&Z‬ة ‪ ') ُ@D.‬‬
‫ب ا‪ِ C‬‬ ‫‪ِ m+‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪ , B‬ا  ِ‬ ‫
‪ &ُ C ,‬أ@ُ  َ‬
‫ن '‪ً)$‬ا أو ‪G*ِ 0D [1‬آ(ِ ا)(ِ ا‪C‬ا"(ِ‪ُ C .‬‬ ‫‪َ )91‬‬
‫‪ B‬أ‪" ُ )V‬درًا '*‪ -‬إ'(ِ وا&=ِ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬أ` َ‬
‫ت ‪َ +‬‬‫ق إ‪ -‬إ‪&C 1‬ي ِ‪)/‬ا ٍ‬ ‫‪ ْ3%‬ا‪C‬ا ِ‬
‫ ‪ ,‬ا‪(! ِ( 6‬‬ ‫ش آ‪ W% 0l‬زو‪ ِ@ِ!t‬و‪ , ِ@*a‬رو‪&' %‬دًا ‪ 3%‬ا‪)/‬اتِ‪ ،‬و=)‪َ ,‬‬ ‫' َ‬
‫ت‪.‬‬‫ن ‪ ,‬أوا‪ ِ V‬ا!‪ِ C/‬‬ ‫ض ا‪ِ /‬‬ ‫‪ِ %‬‬
‫ي اه‪0j ،ِE‬‬ ‫ن( ا‪G8‬او ‪2‬‬ ‫‪ِ ) 3‬ة ا‪ِ */‬‬
‫ت ‪ِ  ,‬‬ ‫ث )ا ٍ‬ ‫)‪)' &G%‬ض( "‪َ dj -$‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا َر ‪ ً t)!%‬إ‪ -‬أور ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ A‬إ‪ ُ@D‬رآ َ‬‫‪َ &% A‬ة ا‪َ " .0ِ 9G‬‬
‫ب إ‪ &َ C /, -‬أنْ أآ َ‬ ‫ه َ‬
‫ت ‪ -!+‬ا‪َ !t‬ز ا ُر ا‪&G‬و َد ا‪C‬ا"(َ‬ ‫ƒ ‪ٍ " Wِ %t‬‬ ‫و‪ ِ(1&% ,‬ا)`‪ِ d -a<= A‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪H A‬ط ‪ ,‬ا&ان ا‪2 /‬‬ ‫ل ‪ُ C1‬‬ ‫‪ , 3‬ر‪ ƒ1‬و\ زا َ‬ ‫ل ‪ُ 9/1 &G%‬‬ ‫ا!آ(ِ‪m1 \ .‬ا ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬ه ‪)+ &C‬ا‬ ‫ث  ‪ \ 9 ،ْ0‬أدري أ‪َ 1‬‬ ‫ أ`&"‪ L‬و‪َ &+ %‬‬ ‫ه‪U‬ا ‪ %‬أ'‪ِ C ْ3' ُ@,‬‬
‫ت ا!‪ِ &G‬ة‪ .‬آ
ْ `)ر=ُ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪َ V.‬ة ‪ ,  %‬ا)\‪ِ 1‬‬ ‫
ا‪َ jd:‬‬
‫‪ُ $" ً( 3‬‬
‫‪َ /V‬‬
‫‪-*' ُo"/!= A‬‬
‫آ‪ِ )8‬ر أه* وأ"ر  وأ`&"‪ِ , ً(َ*ِj% L‬ذهْ '&‪& %‬أتْ ا ُ‬
‫ن ا‪' :‬م ‪ ،1991‬و‪ً(j‬‬ ‫‪ ِ Z 7‬آ) ِ‬‫ق ‪ِ 8!% ,‬‬ ‫ن ا‪C‬ا ِ‬
‫ ‪&6‬ا َد و]ِه ‪ِ &% ْ3%‬‬
‫ق وا‪.ِ@ِd!+‬‬‫و‪% ِ Z َo‬رت 'م ‪ً& = 2003‬ا ‪ِ m6‬و ا‪C‬ا ِ‬

‫‪Questions about the text‬‬ ‫أ  ا‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫أ‪َ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أَ‪  $%‬ا‪ ِ #‬ا"!‪:‬‬
‫ت ‪ &V‬ا‪3%.‬؟‬
‫‪َ % 7‬‬
‫‪ 3‬وآ َ‬
‫‪ .1‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ب ‪Z‬ط؟‬
‫‪ 7‬ه إ‪َ d‬‬
‫‪ُ 81 7‬‬
‫‪ .2‬آ َ‬
‫‪% .3‬ذا "
ْ ا‪p .‬م '‪  ِ! ْ3‬وا &‪ِ(1‬؟‬
‫ت آ‪)t 0l‬اد ا! ‪  ُ,C1‬أ`&"ؤُ؟‬
‫‪ % .4‬ه 'دا ُ‬
‫
اانِ؟‬
‫ن ‪ِ  ُ CZ‬‬
‫‪ 7‬آ َ‬
‫‪ .5‬آ َ‬
‫‪ .6‬ذا =‪ ْ
ak‬ا‪p .‬م وا'!‪U‬رتْ ه؟‬
‫ل ه '‪ 3‬ا‪3:C‬؟‬
‫‪% .7‬ذا ‪ُ )1‬‬
‫ب أ‪ 91%‬ا‪.‬و‪ , -‬ا<*„ِ؟‬
‫‪& -!% .8‬أتْ ‪ُ +‬‬
‫ن ا‪ &/‬و&؟‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪َ ):C‬‬
‫‪ .9‬آ‪َ !" 7‬‬
‫ك ا‪ &/‬و& درا!َ@ُ؟‬
‫‪ .10‬ذا = َ‬
‫ل ا!‪ِKG‬؟‬
‫‪ .11‬ذا ‪ 0* -9‬داود ‪َ dV‬‬
‫ن آ‪)t 0l‬اد ‪)/‬ةٍ؟‬
‫ن ‪َ )*%C1‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ ):C‬‬
‫‪ .12‬ذا آ َ‬
‫‪.0‬‬
‫ب‪/ .‬اب أم ‪+,-‬؟ أُآ"ُْ ‪ /‬أُآ"ُ‪ $%‬ا‪ 8َ 9‬ا‪ !3456 +,7‬ا‪ِ 12‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا ِر‪.‬‬
‫ن آ‪2 ُG ٌW)% ِ ِ 6` Uُ % 01‬‬
‫‪ .1‬آ َ‬
‫ب‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أُ!ُ‪ &َ ِ ْH‬آ‪ 01‬وه ‪ ,‬ا‪ِ َْG‬‬
‫ت ‪ ,‬ا ِر اُ!‪ ِ@D‬إ‪ -‬أور ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ٍ " Wِ %t‬‬
‫‪)' &G% -Da<= .3‬ض ‪ِ d‬‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ب ا) ِ‬
‫ت ‪ &َ ' ً(')4)%‬أ )ا ِ‬
‫‪ B‬ا‪ِ d$a‬‬
‫‪ .4‬آ
ْ `‪ُ La‬‬
‫ت ا‪.&ٍ ْ8" ْ3' 0ِ */‬‬
‫ت '*‪ -‬در‪ِ t‬‬
‫‪ ِ(Ga` , % E‬ا‪ِ d$a‬‬
‫ن =‪p 9‬‬
‫
اا ِ‬
‫‪ .5‬آ
ْ  ُ‬
‫ن \ =َ‪ Wُ ْ/‬و\ =َ!َ‪.0ُ D*َ9‬‬
‫
اا ِ‬
‫ن  ِ‬
‫‪ K‬ه '&‪ 0َ *' %‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ ِCُ` .6‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا َر '‪ً&L‬ا إ‪.ِ@ِ!1&% -‬‬
‫‪ &V W" .7‬ا‪ 3%.‬إ‪t‬ز=َ@ُ ا‪ً k, َ(a8‬ة واْ!َ ‪D‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
 .mِ <‫ (ِ ا‬t‫ وا‬-*' ` ‫ `)ر َة‬Wَ $1 ْ‫ أن‬0* ْ3% ُo $‫ ا‬E
َ * .8
.ِ 2%‫ْ إ'(ِ ُأ‬3' \
ً )n/% ُ )V‫ أ‬B
َ `‫ ِ& أن أ‬C 1‫ إ‬-‫)اد إ‬t 0l‫ب آ‬
َ ‫ ه‬.9
.‫ن‬
ِ ‫
اا‬
َ  &َ ‫ه‬Hُ1 -!+ ِ@ِ‫و‬m‫ و‬0ِ D*p/‫) ِد ا‬C` , |
ُ ُ1 01‫ن آ‬
َ ‫ آ‬.10
.ِ(1‫ َة ا‬+ ْ
‫ ٍة و=آ‬6` ٍ(1&% , ‫
ْ أُ ُة ه‬9 .11
.7
ٍ ُCِ K
ُ َaْ8ُ1 0D j ،ِْ%.‫ل ا‬
َ ‫و‬D ‫ ٍ& أ‬1&Z ‫ص‬
ٍ Gِ K
ُ َ*ْ6ُ1 ِ(H‫ب ا‬
َ  ‫ن‬
D ‫}َ ه أ‬+\ .12

Functional Expressions :;!5‫!رات ا‬%:‫أ‬

‫ت‬
ِ dَ$َa‫َ(ُ ا‬Gaَ` trash can

ُ(2 .‫َ(ُ ا‬1ِC‫ا‬ Allah’s care

2. ‫[ًا‬ because I …..

E
2 ُG ٌWَ)% fond and in love

ُ@َ ‫ُ&و َد‬+ \ has no limits

ُ@ْ!َ" 

ُ ِْCُ` I was shocked at what she had said

ْ0ُ َ‫)ه‬t‫ْ*) و‬Cَ= ‫ت‬

ُ %/!ْ R‫ا‬ smiles cover their faces

ْ0 1&1k ‫ن‬
َ )+2)*ُ1 wave with their hands

E
ِ ِ'!َ‫ْ ا‬3ِ% َ :َ9‫ ا‬E
ُ ِ*ََ will bring a lot of troubles

ْ‫ ِذه‬, ٌ(َ*ِj% still live in my mind

ً(َ,‫ َد‬8ُ% ََ!‫إ‬ we met by a sheer accident

‰
ِ ‫ ِد ا‬d , ‫دوا‬DَHَ=‫")ا و‬Dَaَ= scattered and became refugees all over Allah’s land

Grammar ‫أ=ا‬

12
1. In order to change the perfect verb from active ‫م‬:9‫أ‬
‫ل‬39‫أ‬
to passive
you need to make some internal vowel changes. Remember to put Dhamma -ُ on
the first consonant and Kasra –ِ on the verb second root consonant. Examples are:

to pen B
َ ِ!ُ, ----- B
َ َ!َ,
to decide ‫ َر‬2 ُ" ----- ‫ َر‬D َ"
You should remember that Arabic does not have the English agent “by”. Arabic
also requires that you drop off the original subject, make the object ‫ل‬:@9‫ أ‬a
subject 8ِ!A for the new sentence, and conjugate the verb accordingly.

My mother cooked the food. .‫ َم‬CD‫ََ<َ

ْ وا&َ= ا‬
The food was cooked. .‫ ُم‬CD‫— ا‬
َ ُِ
2. The Hollow Verb pattern for passive will drop the Dhamma -ُ and have a long
vowel ‫ ي‬as a second consonant as in :

A
َ " ----- ‫ل‬
َ "
3. The Defective Verbs will follow the general rules. In addition, the verb will take
the long vowel as a final consonant as in:


َ 'ُ‫ د‬----- 'َ‫د‬
An exception to that is the third person masculine plural.

Drill # 1 ‫ول‬#‫ ا‬CD9"‫أ‬Use

the phrases in the Functional Expressions in good sentences.

Drill # 2 $E!F‫ ا‬CD9"‫أ‬

Please choose the correct options:

. ........... ِ( ‫ ا‬-*' ‫ْ ِ َ& أ ) ه‬Hُ!ْ‫ُأ‬ .1

ِ(‫ا‬1R‫ ا‬.‫ت‬ ِ("‫ا‬C‫ ا‬.‫ب‬ ِ(1‫)ر‬/‫ ا‬.‫أ‬
13
 ‫ُأْ!ُ‪ &َ ِ ْH‬آ‪ 01‬و'‪. ............ ُ@p‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ِ aَ*!<ُ% 3‬‬
‫ت‪ , .‬و"! ِ‬ ‫ل (ٍ‬
‫ب‪َ dV .‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫ƒ ا‪ِ 9‬‬
‫أ‪ِ a , .‬‬

‫‪. ....... , 3‬‬

‫‪ ْ3% ِ@2' 3‬أ‪ ِ@V‬ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ 9/1‬‬
‫ت ا ِ‬
‫ف ه ) ِ‬
‫' َ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ت ا!‪ِ &G‬ة‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا)\‪ِ 1‬‬ ‫ب‪َ 8% .‬‬ ‫ق‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪C‬ا ِ‬
‫= ُ‪ ُ(1&% W‬ه ‪. ......... ,‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ق‬
‫ت‪ .‬و‪ ِo‬ا‪C‬ا ِ‬ ‫ق‬
‫ب ا‪C‬ا ِ‬
‫ب‪ِ )t .‬‬ ‫ق‬
‫ل ا‪C‬ا ِ‬
‫أ‪ِ Z .‬‬

‫ل ه ا‪)8‬ر َة ‪ ْ3%‬وا‪ ِ( t‬ا< ِ‪:m‬‬

‫أَ َ‪َ m‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ف ‪ ِo 4 ْ3%‬ا‪ِ %.‬‬
‫أ‪َ V ُ@. .‬‬
‫ف ‪ mُ1 ْ3‬‬
‫ن ا‪ &/‬و& ) َ‬
‫ب‪D . .‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪)8‬ر َة‬
‫‪َ *= E‬‬
‫‪ ْ&" 3‬أَ‪D +‬‬
‫ن ‪ َo 4‬ا‪ِ %.‬‬
‫ت‪َ . .‬‬

‫
 &‪: . ِ(1‬‬
‫‪ Wَ !!/= ْ3‬ا ُ‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫ت‪ Wُ /= \ .‬و\ =!‪0ُ *9‬‬ ‫ب‪0ُ *9!= \ .‬‬ ‫أ‪Wُ /= \ .‬‬

‫ت ا!‪ِ &G‬ة ‪' Uُ %‬م ‪. ...........‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ه ‪ ,‬ا)\‪ِ 1‬‬
‫‪ُ 9/1‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫ت‪2003 .‬‬ ‫ب‪1991 .‬‬ ‫أ‪1976 .‬‬

‫‪. ............... A‬‬

‫ن آ‪)t 0l‬اد ‪ُ Cُ1‬‬
‫آ َ‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
 ُ Vَ‫@ُ وأ‬D%‫ ُأ‬.‫ت‬ ُ Vَ‫ أ‬.‫ب‬ ُ@D%‫ ُأ‬.‫أ‬
. ...... I
ِ ‫ ا‬, ِ(%‫ا‬mR‫(ِ ا‬%&<*ِ ‫)اد‬t 0l‫وا آ‬UVَ‫أ‬ .9
‫ق‬
ِ ‫ا‬C‫ ا‬, &َ ِ‫@ُ ُو‬. .‫أ‬

Š ‫ا‬1‫ إ‬A
ٍ ْ`‫ْ أ‬3% ُ &D t ‫ن‬
D . .‫ب‬
‫&ا َد‬6 7
ِ *+ &D 4 َ ‫@ُ =[ه‬D. .‫ت‬

.ٍ(a ٍ(+‫و‬% , ‫ داود‬0* ‫'*)ا‬ .10


 G/% ُ@D. .‫أ‬
ِ ِ l , ً ‫ أ‬Cُ1 ‫ن‬
َ ‫@ُ آ‬D. .‫ب‬
0ِ [!‫ْ ا‬3' ‫ت‬
ٍ ,‫ ا'!ا‬-*' ‫*)ا‬8G .‫ت‬

ٌ‫ ب‬، ٌ0D*ُ ، ٌ&َC8ِ% .11

Which of the following words is unlike the other two?

ٌ&َC8ِ% .‫ت‬ ٌ‫ ب‬.‫ب‬ ٌ0D*ُ .‫أ‬

.ً 1] d
ً t‫ ر‬0ِ C‫ب ا‬
ِ  &َ '

ُ Gََ .12
:)‫ف ه‬
ُ ‫ اُا ِد‬A
ُ ْCِaَ‫أ‬
‫ت‬
ُ ْ&َ‫ه‬Z .‫ت‬

ُ ْD*َ/َ= .‫ب‬

ُ َaَ!ْV‫ إ‬.‫أ‬

. ِ=َ ْ‫ ُأ‬Wَ % !َ1&َ` 0ُ ُ= .13

:)‫ف ه‬
ُ ‫ اُا ِد‬A
ُ ْCِaَ‫أ‬

15
 ‫‪3‬‬
‫ت‪ُ ُ9ْ/َ= .‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫ب‪ُ ََْ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ َ ْ[َ= .‬‬

‫ن ‪ َ(DَZ‬اُ&‪) , ِ 1‬ا&‪D‬و ِر( ا‪D‬ا ِ ِ‪ , W‬ه ِ‪ ِ U‬ا‪َ ِC‬ر ِة‪.‬‬

‫‪َ 3‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫َأ‪p ُl‬‬ ‫‪.14‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫أَ‪ 0ُ ْR‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ َ D‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا<ََ ِ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اُ‪َ 8‬د‪ِ(َ,‬‬

‫ب ' ِم ‪ 1991‬و'م ‪ 2003‬و‪َ&Cَ %‬ه‪.‬‬

‫ن ‪ِ + ,‬‬
‫‪ُ .15‬أْ!ُ‪ &َ ِ ْH‬سٌ آَ‪:‬و َ‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أَ‪ُ ْCِa‬‬
‫ت‬
‫ت‪َ % .‬‬ ‫ب‪0َ َ*َْ .‬‬ ‫أ‪َoَ"/َ= .‬‬

‫ب ا‪.َ(َaَC‬‬
‫َِ‪ َ(َْaَ` ْC‬ا ِ‬ ‫‪.16‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ(َa28‬اُا ِد‪ ُ(َ,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪َ(َ1mَG‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪َ(َn9‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪َ &َ 1&DH‬ة‬

‫
‪.‬‬
‫ف ذا )‪ &ُ L" (a!<1‬او‪ , ِ(%‬ه‪U‬ا ا)" ِ‬
‫\ ‪ُ C‬‬ ‫‪.17‬‬
‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪C‬آ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪Cُ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ِo 1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ [1 .‬‬

‫‪)َ4‬ءٌ ‪)َ` ،‬تٌ ‪dَ$َ, ،‬تٌ‬ ‫‪.18‬‬

‫?‪Which of the nouns is unlike the other two‬‬

‫ت‪dَ$َ, .‬تٌ‬ ‫ب‪)َ` .‬تٌ‬ ‫أ‪)َ4 .‬ءٌ‬

‫‪16‬‬
 ‫‪) ,‬ا‪ِ )$‬ء( ا‪ ْWِ!/ ْ0 &ِ 1&H‬أنْ ‪H‬ه َ& ‪.ً nZ‬‬ ‫‪.19‬‬
‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ 0ُ R‬اُ‪C‬آِ ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا&و ُر‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا[*(ُ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪&ُ C8‬‬

‫ث ر ٍة‪.‬‬
‫‪ E‬و‪ِ ,‬ة وا& ِ ‪ِ + ,‬د ِ‬
‫`&‪ 1‬آ‪ً&t ٌEn‬ا ‪ِ /‬‬ ‫‪.20‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ(a8‬اُاد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪)+ .‬نٌ‬ ‫ب‪ٌ31m+ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٌK8 .‬‬

‫‪.K‬‬
‫ل ا‪ &َ C 0َ */‬د"‪َ L‬‬
‫"
ْ زو‪ُ mk" !t‬‬ ‫‪.21‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُاد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪0ُ D*َ/َ=k .‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ب‪ُ 2[k .‬‬ ‫أ‪k .‬ه‪ُo‬‬

‫ج‪.‬‬
‫
ه‪ ِ U‬ا &‪ ِ( َ(1‬ا‪m‬وا ِ‬
‫=‪ُ D*َ/‬‬ ‫‪.22‬‬
‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪C‬آ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫
‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ'َْ ُ‬ ‫
‬
‫ب‪ُ ْ Uَ َt .‬‬ ‫
‬
‫أ‪p Daَ*َ= .‬‬

‫)‪)Cَ% (3‬ثٌ‬ ‫)‪ٌBََZ (2‬‬ ‫)‪ٌ7َ (1‬‬ ‫‪.23‬‬

‫ن ه‪:‬‬
‫ن اُ!اد‪ِ ,‬‬
‫أ‪ِ R‬‬
‫ت‪(3) & (1) .‬‬ ‫ب‪(3) & (2) .‬‬ ‫أ‪(2) & (1) .‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
 ‫ب‪.‬‬
‫‪ K‬ا‪) .‬ا َ‬
‫
‪ ْ3%‬إ ! أنْ =![ِ َ )رَ‪ (َ:1‬أُ]*ِ ُ‬
‫* ُ‬ ‫‪.24‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ(*9‬اُاد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫\‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ ‪D‬‬ ‫ب‪%َ&ِ' .‬‬ ‫أ‪-D!َ+ .‬‬
‫‪ ُ@!Gََ%‬ا&و(ُ را= ً آًا و !ً ‪ً&1&t‬ا‪.‬‬ ‫‪.25‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُاد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ'َ!ْ@ُ‬ ‫ب‪َ D َ .‬ر=ْ@ُ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إ!ََ!ْ@ُ‬

‫‪Drill # 3‬‬ ‫أ"‪ CD9‬ا‪ H!F‬أ‪G َ .‬لْ‬

‫‪ $Lَ /‬ا‪َ !:A#‬ل إ‪ ِ I/ J‬ا‪39 $%9‬ل‪:‬‬
‫ض‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬وآ
ْ =‪ُ !C‬‬
‫ت '&‪ٍ &1‬ة آ)ا ‪َ V&!ِ  َ) U1‬‬
‫‪D% , .1‬ا ٍ‬
‫ت ا‪.ِ0*/‬‬
‫ت ا! ‪ ,‬ا‪ -*' ِ(Ga8‬در‪ِ t‬‬
‫
ا‪ِ d$a‬‬
‫‪ .2‬آ‪ ْ
D‬ا ُ‬
‫„ ِ  و ِ‪4)َa‬ه ا! =َ‪.1 ,  ُ:C‬‬
‫‪ .3‬أ‪  ُ=V‬أ ا ! ُ‬
‫‪.E‬‬
‫‪ .3‬أَ)‪ ْ
َHَ َ ُ(H+‬ا* َ‬
‫‪ ِ 8"" , E‬ا ‪&6 "ِ(1‬ا َد‪.‬‬
‫
ا!‪ِ 1UC‬‬
‫ت =‪َ G‬‬
‫‪َ .4‬ذآَ َتْ زَو‪ ُ@ُ!َt‬إ‪َ % ُ@D‬‬
‫ي‪.‬‬
‫ب ‪ُZ‬طَ ا&‪2 )%‬‬
‫€ آ‪ &َ C 0l‬إ‪ِ d‬‬
‫ب ا‪ِ C‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% 3‬أ'‪ِ $‬ء ‪ِ m+‬‬
‫ل ا‪ِ %.‬‬
‫‪ A‬ر‪ُ t‬‬
‫‪ .5‬إ'ْ!َ َ‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ٍ " Wِ %t‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا َر ‪ ً 2t)!ُ%‬إ‪ -‬أور  ‪ِ d ًDa<!ُ%‬‬
‫‪)" .6‬ا إ‪َ ُ@D‬رآِ َ‬
‫‰ ا)اِ‪.ِ(َC‬‬
‫‪َ D َZ .7‬دتْ "َ‪ُ )ْ/‬ة ا‪ ِ(*p/‬ا‪ ْ3ِ% َ :9‬أ`ْ&"‪)"Dَaَ!, L‬ا ‪ِ d ,‬د ا ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬آ
ْ =! ُ ‪.ٌ(َِL4‬‬
‫ئ ‪َ +‬‬
‫ن ا د َ‬
‫
‪  َa‬ا‪َ )َG‬‬
‫‪ .8‬إْ!َْ*َْ ُ‬
‫‪.A‬‬
‫
َ‪َ!ْZk Dk /a‬ي   "َْ‪ ًC‬ه&ا‪ 1‬أُ‪V‬ى ‪ ,‬اُ‪ِ !/‬‬
‫‪ .9‬أ"‪ُ C‬‬
‫‪ K‬ا‪َ&ْَ= ْ0  9 ،ُaD8‬ه‪.ْI‬‬
‫
ا َ&‪ َ(D1‬و‪ ُ
ْ Uَ َt‬ا‪َ *َ, َ(*ِ/*2/‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أ‪ُ 9َ/ْ%‬‬
‫ب‪DL َ .‬كْ ‪LDَ /‬آ‪ $‬ا‪ 8َ 9‬ا"! َ‪:‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
 ‫‪ 9 .1‬آ
أ‪  =[ , CZ‬ا‪)G‬ن د‪ |,‬و]ء‪.‬‬
‫‪" .2‬رت أنْ =‪!H‬ي @ ه&‪)9= (1‬ن ‪C= (G=,‬رف ‪ @ At‬و  ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬و[ ‪ .‬آ
‪6` U%‬ي ‪ EG W)%‬ااءة ‪ ْ&,‬ا‪  
1!Z‬آ!ب‪.‬‬
‫‪dV .4‬ل ‪!,‬ة و‪)t‬دي ‪ ,‬ا‪ (C%‬آن ار و*( ‪a‬ي ‪ !1&% ْ3%‬وإ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬آ
ا‪%/! R‬ت =‪ )*C‬و‪ )t‬أ`&"‪ L‬وأ ا[ إ ‪ 0‬وه‪)+)*1 0‬ن ‪.0 1&1k‬‬
‫‪ .6‬هب آ‪ 0l‬إ‪ -‬إ‪&C 1‬ي ‪ 3+‬أ`‪ B‬أ‪" )V‬در '*‪ -‬إ'( وا&= ‪.‬‬
‫‪ @!" 
C` .7‬ا‪.‬م‪ ،‬و‪ 0‬أَ"‪ ] ،|Z A‬أ =آ
ا &‪ &' (1‬اب‪.‬‬
‫‪ , B/= !1&% .8‬ر) ( ر‪ B1‬ا)ب ا<‪ (aa‬ا‪ (C‬ا‪ (GL‬دي ا‪.‬ه)ار‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬آ
`)ر=  و`)ر أه* وأ`&"‪ , (*j% L‬ذه '&‪
َ"/= %‬ا ‪.A‬‬
‫‪ .10‬آن آ‪ 0l‬أآ‪* E+ :‬ش ‪ ,‬ا‪ (/‬و*اءة ‪ (`V‬آ!‪ E‬ا‪.(a/*a‬‬
‫‪Drill # 4‬‬ ‫أ"‪ CD9‬ا‪D‬ا‪N6‬‬
‫‪Please select the correct options, and explain why.‬‬

‫آ
ْ ‪ ُ(Z‬آ‪ , 01‬ا&و ِر‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ V.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اا ِ‪W‬‬ ‫ل‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪.‬و ِ‬
‫ت "& ٍم `'&ةٍ‪:0 D, ،‬‬
‫ن `) َ‬
‫'ِ&‪ Wُ /1 %‬اا ُ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ن أ )ا َ ‪0‬‬
‫أ‪َ )G!a1 .‬‬
‫ن أ‪0 َLZ‬‬
‫ب‪!1 .‬آ) َ‬
‫ن ‪َ&t‬ه‪0‬‬
‫ت‪َ )a2[1 .‬‬

‫ن ا)‪:َ(H+‬‬
‫ل ه إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ُ )1‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ت‬
‫غ ا‪ِ dَ$a‬‬
‫ت‪ُ ِ aُ= .‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪ I‬اَ* َ‬
‫ب‪ُ َ َ= .‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا[‪َ(*p‬‬
‫أ‪ُ 1mُ= .‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
 ‫ب ه ‪ُ@D, ٌ(L4‬‬
‫'&‪ُ != %‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ن‬
‫أ‪ٍ mGِ 91 .‬‬
‫ن‬
‫
اا ِ‬
‫‪ِ  7‬‬
‫‪َ  E‬‬
‫ب‪ُ *!/1 .‬‬
‫ت‪U!1 .‬آ‪ ُ D‬أ`&" َء ‪ , ِ@ِ!)a‬ا`‪ِ(1‬‬

‫إِْ‪d‬بٌ ‪َ )َj ، 1َ ،‬رةٌ‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫ن هُ‪:‬‬
‫ن اُ!ادِ‪ِ ,‬‬
‫أ‪ِ R‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إْْ‪d‬بٌ – ‪َ )َj‬رةٌ‬ ‫ب‪َ )َj – 1َ .‬رةٌ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إِْ‪d‬بٌ – َ‪1‬‬
‫ج `&‪&ُ+ \ 1‬و َد َ@ُ‪.‬‬
‫ن ‪m (+ََ,‬وا ِ‬
‫)آ َ‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ف اُِ ُ‬
‫أُا ِد ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬آَ
ْ َ‪C‬دَ=‬ ‫ب‪ .‬آَ
ْ `‪!َGa‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬آَ
ْ "!‬

‫„( ِ‪ -4)a‬إ َ!ِ ‪.‬‬

‫
*)ا& ِة إ )أ !َ ِ ُ‬
‫"* ُ‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ف اُِ ُ‬
‫‪ A‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ُ !t‬ز‬ ‫ح‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪ُ ,‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ‪aَ!V‬‬

‫ص ‪.&ٍ 1&َZ‬‬
‫ب ‪ٍ Gِ  ِ!DُZ‬‬
‫أ]*َ
ْ ‪t‬رَ=  َ‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫ت‪ٍ(َ1ْ<ُ/ِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪&ُ ِ .‬و ٍء‬ ‫أ‪ٍ(َ'ُ/ِ .‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫َر ‪D‬د َ ُ&و ٍء و'*‪ -‬و‪ ِ@ t‬ا !‪" ٌ($1َ' ٌ(%/‬هَ‪U‬ا \ ‪"!0p ُ َ1‬‬ ‫‪.9‬‬
‫إ َذنْ ه)‪:‬‬
‫ت‪)َV .‬لٌ‬ ‫ب‪ٌ31mَ+ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٌ&Cَ .‬‬

‫ ‪ Uِ aَ= -*' ..........‬ا‪.ِ(1‬‬
‫ا‪ ُo $‬ا‪p Za‬‬ ‫‪.10‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ف‬
‫ت‪َ .‬أ‪َ َ ْZ‬‬ ‫ب‪0َ َ*َْ .‬‬ ‫أ‪-9َ .‬‬

‫ن ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ ِ(1‬إ‪ -‬ا&‪.ِ(1‬‬

‫ن آَ‪:‬و َ‬
‫ح ‪َ )+Dd,‬‬
‫‪َ m‬‬ ‫‪.11‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ف اُ ُ‬
‫‪ A‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪َ &D ََ= .‬ر‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ه‪َ َt‬‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫أ‪ .‬آََ َ‬

‫‪ A‬ه)‪.%‬‬
‫آ
ْ ا !‪k ..........  ُ!َ%/‬نْ =َ‪َ ِ/ْ6‬‬ ‫‪.12‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ(a8‬اُ(ُ ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ً(َ,] .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً َ Dَ/ُ% .‬ة‬ ‫أ‪ .‬آَ‪ً(َ*a‬‬

‫‪ُ&َ ْ k 7‬أ ا‪َ dِ9‬م ‪t W%‬رَ=‪.‬‬

‫
‪ .......‬آَ َ‬
‫آُ ُ‬ ‫‪.13‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ُ .‬أ ْ ُء‬ ‫ل‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ=‪َ /‬ء ُ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا=َ‪ُ D:َC‬‬

‫| و ‪. ..........‬‬
‫ن دِ‪ً ,‬‬
‫
أ‪  ِ=َ ْ[ , ُ ُCْZ‬ا‪ِ )G‬‬
‫آُ ُ‬ ‫‪.14‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
 ‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ل ِ@ِ ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫أ‪ُ )Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ً ] .‬ء‬ ‫ب‪)Cُ` .‬دًا‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫أ‪ً ََV .‬‬

‫‪ A‬ا< ُ ا&‪ &ُ 1‬ا‪/‬و َر و‪.*" -*' ..........‬‬

‫أد‪َ َV‬‬ ‫‪.15‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ل ِ@ِ اُ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ )Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪َ(tG‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪َ(L$‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا (َ‬

‫‪.A‬‬
‫ ا ِ‬
‫\ أ=‪ -D‬أنْ ا!}َ ‪َ *ُ+ ْ3%‬‬ ‫‪.16‬‬
‫
‪:‬‬
‫إ َذنْ آُ ُ‬
‫ت‪ِUَ+ .‬رًا‬ ‫ب‪ً ِL .‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ=‪ُ UD C‬‬

‫‪ -*' ً D&!% A‬آَ!ِ‪. َa‬‬

‫ن ‪ُCZ‬ه ا‪ 0ُ +a‬ا ُ‬
‫آ َ‬ ‫‪.17‬‬
‫إ َذنْ ‪ُْCَZ‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ٌA1) .‬‬ ‫‬
‫ب‪ $, .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٌ8" .‬‬

‫ل إ‪  D‬اأ ُة ا! ‪.=+ ..............‬‬

‫‪ 3‬أنْ أ") َ‬
‫‪ُ 9ُ1‬‬ ‫‪.18‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪u‬تْ‬
‫ت‪َ َ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إْ[َ‪ْ
D‬‬ ‫أ‪ْ
َ+ِ َ, .‬‬

‫ت ا! ا! ‪  ,‬آ

ْ ‪. ............‬‬
‫أ‪D‬ا ُ‬ ‫‪.19‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫‪22‬‬
 ‫ت‪َ Uِ َ+ .‬ر ًة‬ ‫ب‪َ 8ُ% .‬د‪ً(َ,‬‬ ‫أ‪َ dَ% .‬ء ًة‬

‫ب أ‪َ %‬م‪:‬‬
‫‪ B‬ا‪!ْ]R‬ا ِ‬
‫ب ‪ُ َZ‬‬
‫‪ُ ْ 1‬‬ ‫‪.20‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ ِ(َ1ِC‬ا‪ِ(D R‬‬ ‫ب‪ ِ(َ*ُl .‬أ‪ِ@ِ%D1‬‬ ‫أ‪ِ )4 .‬ء ا !‪ ِ!َ%/‬‬

‫€ ‪)  ِ*" ,‬ا‪.(-.‬‬
‫ت ‪ُ C=  ِ!)a‬‬
‫ذآ‪ُ 1‬‬ ‫‪.21‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫ل ِ@ِ اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ )Ca‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪َ ْmُG‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا!‪َ 1UْCD‬‬ ‫ص‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪َ ِْG‬‬

‫‪ r‬ا‪ (َ(G=,) ُ(%/! R‬ا‪.َ ِ("dC‬‬

‫آ
ْ =* َ‬ ‫‪.22‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ف اِ ُ‬
‫أُا ِد ُ‬
‫ت‪&ِ .‬ا‪َ(َ1‬‬ ‫ب‪َ(َGaَ` .‬‬ ‫أ‪َ(َ1 ِ .‬‬

‫ت‪.‬‬
‫آ
ْ ‪t‬ر= =ََْ ُ‪ W‬ا‪ِ d$َa‬‬ ‫‪.23‬‬
‫ت‪".‬‬
‫'‪)a‬اً‪ ،‬أ"‪ .........." &ُ ِ8‬ا‪ِ d$َa‬‬
‫ت‪[َ!َ= .‬هَ ُ‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ب‪p ُ9َ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪ َ!ْَ= .‬‬

‫‪ &َ C ِ &ِ * ْ3% (A‬أنْ ‪ َ َCَZ‬أنْ ا‪َ G‬ة أ`‪.ً(َ*G!/ُ% ْ

G‬‬
‫"َ ‪َ D‬ر )ا‪َ +D‬‬ ‫‪.24‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫ل ِ@ِ اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ )Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪-4)َa‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا ِْ َ َة‬ ‫ف‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا<َ) َ‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫ج ‪.ٌAt‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ ,‬ا<ر ِ‬
‫‪ r‬وا ُ‬
‫\ أ‪ 0ُ َ ,‬ذا ‪)Gَ!َ,‬ا ا‪َ  H‬‬ ‫‪.25‬‬
‫'َ‪)a‬اً‪ ،‬أ"‪ &ُ ِ8‬ذا ‪.........‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ]ْ*َ)ا‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إ !َ َ)ا‬ ‫أ‪D&ََ= .‬روا‬

‫‪24‬‬
Reading & Translation Exercise 9D"‫اءة وا‬D=‫ ا‬CD9P
Read the following sentences into your tape recorder, listen to them, and then give
the tape to your teacher to check your performance. Once you are done with
reading, translate the sentences.

.ُ(َ*D$aُ‫َ(ُ إ ! ا‬1‫— ه هِ)ا‬

ِ 1‫ر‬D!‫ ا‬E
ِ ُ!ُ‫ "ِا َء ُة آ‬.1
.B
ٍ ِ4‫ وا‬0ٍ َk 9َ1 ُ@D, ٌ(َِL4 ُ@ُ !ْَ= %َ&ْِ' .2
.3
ِ ْ%.‫ل ا‬
ِ tِ‫ ر‬E
ِ 1UْCَ=

َ ْGَ= 3%.‫& ا‬V ‫ت‬

َ % .3
.ُ@َ ‫ُ&و َد‬+ \ !َ)aُ K
ِ 1&َ` ‫ج‬
ِ ‫َوا‬mِ +ََ, ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.4
. ِ!َْ ‫ إ‬-4)َaِ „
ُ ِ َ!ْ ‫ أ‬d
ً ْCِ, D‫َ(ِ إ‬1mَG‫
ِ*)اِ َ& ِة ا‬
ُ *ُ" .5
.َ(ُ *ِ/ْ*2/‫ َ
ْ ا‬Uِ ُt ‫ًا ' ً إذا‬aَ` ‫ُ اِ ُر‬Kِ*ُْ1 .6
.ِ@ِ%)ُ‫ ه‬Wَ َt A
َ ِ/ْ6َ= ْ‫ن‬k ً(َ*aَ‫ْ َ(ُ آ‬UَC‫َ!ُ  ا‬%/ِ! ‫ آ
ْ ا‬.7
.‫ق‬
ِ ‫ْا‬C‫ب ا‬
ِ )َt , ‫ت‬
ِ ‫ُا‬a‫ َ ْ ِ ا‬-*' ِ‫َ(ُ ه‬1&َ% Wُ ََ= .8
.‫ َ ٍة‬2Vk!ُ% ٍ(َ' -D!+ ِ@ِL"ِ&ْ`‫ أ‬Wَ َ% ‫ش‬
َ 2‫ ا‬E
p ِGُ1 0l‫ن آ‬
َ ‫ آ‬.9
.ُ@D%‫ ُأ‬A
َ Cُ1‫ و‬A
َ َْCَِ َ(َ‫ ُ& و& اَ&ْ َر‬2D/‫ ا‬1&َ` ‫ك‬
َ َ َ= .10

25
‫‪Unit # 2‬‬ ‫أة ر )‪(2‬‬
‫‪ُ &D َt‬ة آ‪0l‬‬

‫آن آ‪ 0l‬ذ‪1‬ب أ"*‪ D‬اه!‪ ِ(/ ً %‬و‪ ُ@D9‬أآ‪ ُ:‬اه!‪ ِ ِ [ ً %‬و‪ ِ@ِ/ d%‬ا! ‪ 1)91‬‬
‫ن وا‪!C‬نِ‪ ،‬و"‪ٌ(*1) ُ@ُ!%‬‬
‫ ![ ٍم‪ .‬آن أً ووً‪ ُ ُ CZ ،‬أ) ُد ‪ ٌ0+,‬و' ُ )داو= ِ‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪91%.‬‬ ‫ب ا‪ِ :‬‬
‫ص ‪H‬ر ِ@ِ ا‪U‬ي ‪Z ُ@Hُ1‬ر َ‬‫‪ٍ V A‬‬ ‫و‪ ُ@ُ!H%‬وا‪ ٌ(j‬هد‪ .ٌ(L‬آن ‪ٍ 9H ُ <!a1‬‬
‫)آ‪d‬رك ™‪.(A‬‬
‫‪ , 3‬ا) ِم ا)ا‪.&ِ +‬‬
‫ب إ‪ -‬ا‪' /‬دةً‪ ،‬وأ‪ِ =% ً +‬‬
‫
‪,‬ا]ِ@ِ ‪U‬ه ِ‬
‫‪ $1‬آ‪ 0l‬و" َ‬

‫‪26‬‬
 ‫
‪ ,‬ا‪ .ِ(َ2/‬آ ‪ُ@pG‬‬ ‫‪ ِ(َCَ$َ% ْ3% A‬ا َ)"ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ r‬أ‪ُ $,‬‬ ‫ن ذ َ‬
‫و'&‪ ُ &ُ !1 %‬أ‪ ،ُ&+‬آن ‪p 1‬د ‪D k‬‬
‫
‬
‫
ا‪ِ &D 2H‬ة‪ .‬أ)" ُ‬
‫ن وا‪ِ &'/‬ة ‪َ ,‬و"ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ .ِ@, K‬وآن ه) دا‪ 0َ L‬ا‪&C!R‬ا ِد !&‪ 0ِ 1‬ا‪ِ )َC‬‬‫و‪ ُ@ُ%!G‬و‪ُ :‬‬
‫ن ‪.ٍ(ُ%‬‬
‫‪ ٍ(ِ 3‬و &و ِ‬ ‫ت ا‪ِ %.‬‬‫‪ @, 7‬ه) '& ُم ز‪1‬ر=ِ '&‪ُ * ُ*!C= %‬‬ ‫ا)‪ &ُ +‬ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ *<!1‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫آن ‪ُ )1‬‬
‫‪+ W% 3‬آ!ِ‪ 0ُ9‬ا‪0D j .ِ(/‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬إ '*‪ ِ(L" -‬ا!‪َ aC‬‬ ‫ت ا‪ِ %.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬أ \ أُر‪ &ُ 1‬أنْ =‪ُ * Wَ $‬‬
‫ق ا‪ِ(*/‬‬ ‫‪ِ &, , 3‬‬
‫ن ‪َ %َ !Gُ% َ ] ً,)4‬‬ ‫ن إ‪ -'1 ْ3% -‬أُ َآُ‪َ ))9= %&' 0‬‬ ‫ا‪َ )t!G= 0ُ9‬‬
‫‪ 7‬أ‪. ً +‬آ‪ ْ3% َ َ:‬أُ)عٍ‪ ،‬آن‬ ‫ل ‪ُ !,‬ة ا!‪ِ ")D‬‬
‫‪ !A‬و‪ُ )= %&' ْ39‬‬ ‫ا‪ &ُ 81 ،2‬اُ‪َ ََ!C‬‬
‫€ ‪ ُ@C%‬ا‪ َ L/‬وا‪)a‬اآ@َ و‚‪ َ V‬ا‪ِ V.‬ر‪.‬‬ ‫€ وا َ& ُ ‪1m‬ر=ِ و‪ُ C1‬‬
‫‪ُ C, ،*' K‬‬ ‫‪ِ * ُ CH1‬‬
‫‪ ً ' E‬و‪.ً +‬‬‫ن ا‪p G‬‬
‫‪ ،ِ@ِ=+ , 3‬و‪ ْ39‬ه‪ ِ U‬ا َة آ َ‬ ‫‪ً % E‬ة أو ‪ِ =%‬‬ ‫ن آ‪ 0l‬أ‪D +‬‬ ‫أ'! ُ& أ ‪D‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ت و' ُ ُ ا‪َ T‬‬ ‫
)ا ٍ‬
‫‪ , A‬ا!‪2 ِ Uُ % 0ِ *C‬‬
‫ج‪ُ C1 ) , .‬‬ ‫ن ‪ &ُ ')%‬ا‪m‬وا ِ‬ ‫و'*‪ -‬أي ‪+‬ل‪َ + &, ،‬‬
‫ن (ً‪ .‬آن اُ  ) *@( وه (ٌ ‪ ,‬ا‪ ِ(*+‬ا‪ .ِ(1):‬آ
ْ أ`‪ُ@% َ 6‬‬ ‫
ٌ و'‪H‬و َ‬
‫ع ‪ Wَ %‬أُ‪  ِ!V‬وهُ ‪ ِ ِ1 ,‬إ‪ -‬ا&ر(ِ‪ .‬أ‪V‬‬ ‫ت‪Z .‬ه&َه ‪ ,‬ا‪H‬ر ِ‬ ‫ ‪)G‬ا '‪) ِ H‬ا ٍ‬
‫ل ا‪9‬رِ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ْ3% ٌ(/َV E‬ا‪ِ t‬‬ ‫ƒ ا) ِم ‪,‬رآْ @ُ! =‪ Wَ % 0َ *9‬وا& ِ و= َر أنْ ‪U1‬ه َ‬
‫'‪ِ a ِ@2+ ْ3‬‬
‫ل '‪ ْ3‬ا‪.ِ(*LC‬‬
‫ن ‪ ،ً*C% &V‬وه) ا‪/‬و ُ‬ ‫‪ 0ِ ِ ْ3%‬وا&ي‪ ْ3%  ِ!< ،‬أ‪ .&V  V‬آ َ‬
‫‪ ِ(DُGِ 3‬أنْ أ‪% @*  ُ@َ!V‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا< َ‬
‫ض ‪َ * &V‬‬ ‫ن ا‪ً kta% ُ %.‬ة آ ًة  ‪' %&' ً Ct‬ر َ‬ ‫آ َ‬
‫ن ‪@ Wَ  %‬‬ ‫\‪ .‬إ!‪ َ H‬ا< ُ ‪ ,‬ا&ر(ِ وُْ' َ‬ ‫‪ A‬درا!َ  أ ‪D‬و ً‬
‫زا
ْ (ً و‪ُ&11‬ه أنْ =ُ‪َ 9‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪َ %.‬‬ ‫ ‪ً&1&Z‬ا '*‪ ِ1&` -‬آ‪ َ ] ،0l‬أ‪َ D= ُ@D‬‬ ‫ن و" ُ‪ W‬ا‪ِ ,‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ِ!1&%‬ا‪ِ 68‬ة‪ .‬آ َ‬
‫‪ِ 9 A‬‬ ‫آ‪p‬‬
‫ل إ‪= ٍ(َ'Z‬ددتْ‬ ‫‪ .&ُ C , E‬أدرآْ ‪&% &َ C‬ةٍ‪ ،‬و‪ِ dV ْ3%‬‬ ‫‪ 3% A‬ا‪)9H‬ى أو\ً‪ِ $6 0َ ُj ،‬‬ ‫ * ٍ‬
‫ن ‪&V‬‬ ‫š ا‪ ِ(8‬أ ‪D‬‬ ‫ ‪ ,‬ا‪& ُ@ َ("d' \ ِ(G‬را(ِ أو إآِ ‪ُ <*% .‬‬ ‫ن ا‪َ ,‬‬‫و"!َ  ‪D k‬‬
‫‪, A‬ا‪ , ً Z‬ا&ر(ِ ا! ‪ . , 0ُ *C1‬أآ‪ُ:‬‬ ‫ج أ‪ ْ3% ِ@ِ!V‬آ‪. 0l‬ن‪ D‬أ  آ‪ُ C1 0l‬‬ ‫ض زوا َ‬‫'ر َ‬
‫]‪ ً $‬آ
ْ ‪ُ &t‬ة آ‪ 0l‬ا! ‪j‬رتْ ‪9‬ا‪ ِ(%‬إ ِ  و‪ِ&a+‬ه‪.‬‬
‫ن أ هُ‪0‬‬‫‪ 0ُ  A‬و\ '‪َ H‬ة! ‪ 0D j‬أ ‪D‬‬ ‫ ! ه\ ِء سٌ \ أ` َ‬ ‫‪ -‬رَ‪ 0ِ D$ 4‬وا‪ % 0ُ D$‬ر‪َ 4‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا ِ ‪ُ@D9‬‬
‫
'‪ُ :% ِ@2‬‬ ‫‰ إ ُ ‪)%‬نٌ‪ُ  .‬‬ ‫ن ً أو ‪ ً  4‬أو ‪ .ً & %‬وا ِ‬ ‫ن ‪ً&$%‬ا‪ % .‬آ َ‬ ‫آ َ‬
‫ب! )إ‪Z‬ر ُة‬ ‫ق ا‪ِ DH‬‬ ‫ن ‪َ ْ
َ D َV‬ذو َ‬
‫ت ا&‪ .ِ(1‬أ‪).‬ا ُ‬‫\ ‪ &ُ 11‬زو‪ ْ3% ً(t‬ا‪ &ُ 11 .ِ(1‬وا‪ً &+‬ة ‪ِ  ْ3%‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪9‬ج وه‪U‬ا ‪" (*9 ِ@C= %‬أ‪).‬ان"‪(.‬‬ ‫ت ا&‪َ %&<!/1 ِ(1‬‬ ‫ن  ِ‬‫ا& ِة ه ه أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪27‬‬
 ‫ي‬
‫ و‪/1‬ر ‬ ‫‪ 'D&1 7‬أ‪ %p&= ُ@D‬‬‫‪ I‬ا‪ ،&V Wَ % َ(k/‬إذْ آ َ‬ ‫ع أآ‪ ْ3% ُ :‬وا‪ D% &ٍ +‬أنْ ‪َ "1‬‬
‫=) َ‬
‫\ ‪َ :‬‬
‫‪ D% E‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آ‪َ * 0l‬‬ ‫! ‪D 9‬‬
‫ق ا‪2 2/‬‬‫! ه‪U‬ا ه) ‪ - َ!ْُ%‬ا‪ِ a2‬‬
‫‪ K‬ا‪2 Ct‬‬ ‫ث ‪U‬ا ا ِ‬ ‫و‪ُ &G!1‬‬
‫ت ‪@*  3%‬‬ ‫ن "&ْ =*‪k= -‬آ&ا ٍ‬ ‫‪ &ُ 1m1 &" r‬ا‪ً&C= َ($‬ا‪ .‬و‪&1‬و أ‪ ُ@D‬آ َ‬‫ن ذ َ‬‫ع إ‪D . ،ً"d‬‬ ‫ا)‪َ )4‬‬
‫‪ K‬أُ‪ ِ@ِ!V‬ا! آ
ْ (ً ‪  Dk ، C%‬ه أ‪ ُ@pG= ً $1‬و'*@ِ أنْ ‪ َ 81‬وأ‪ D‬‬ ‫'‪ِ 1 ْ3‬‬
‫ت!‬‫!![ ُ ُ ‪ -!+‬ا) ِ‬
‫ل '*‪ ِ@D+ -‬ا‪ &ِ 1&H‬وإ‪ ،@*  ِ@ِ`dV‬ا! أآ*
ْ ا‪َ(*+‬‬ ‫ت وآ‪ % 0l‬زا َ‬ ‫
)ا ٍ‬
‫‪D %‬تْ  ‪p‬‬
‫
إ‪&6 -‬ا َد‬‫‪ .A‬آُ
ْ ‪ ْ&"  +‬ا!* ُ‬ ‫ت( و=<‪ ْ
t‬و &أتْ ا‪َ C‬‬ ‫ا‪ َ(1):‬ود‪ &َ C%) ْ
*V‬اُ‪ِ 2*َC‬‬
‫‪ A‬و‪)%‬ا ِ‪ 0‬ا‪'.‬دِ‪،‬‬ ‫
أ‪ ُ $+‬إ‪ -‬ا`‪ ِ(1‬أ‪َ j‬ء ا‪ِ C‬‬ ‫)ا`*(ِ درا! ا‪ .ِ(C%‬و‪ D‬آ ُ‬
‫ن )‪3/+‬‬ ‫ت‪ .‬آ َ‬
‫‪ِ $ 3‬ء ا‪ِ /%.‬‬ ‫‪ E‬إ‪ -‬دي ا‪َ *C‬‬ ‫
أ! ‪ 0l9‬و (ِ ا‪ِ "&`.‬ء و‪U‬ه ُ‬ ‫آ ُ‬
‫س  ‪ْ3%‬‬
‫ب آ(ً \ ‪َ k‬‬ ‫ن "&ْ ‪َ Z‬‬ ‫‪ُ )91 %&' A‬‬ ‫‪ -*' p 81 (@C‬أنْ ‪ ِV‚ ,  26ُ1‬ا* ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬آ‪% 0l‬‬ ‫ل ‪ ْ3%‬ا!‪َ 9 ،ِ0*C‬‬
‫ق وا! َ‬ ‫‪C% ً % &ُ C , 3/+ B‬و‪ , ً ,‬ا‪C‬ا ِ‬ ‫ق(‪ .‬أ` َ‬
‫)ا‪ِ َ َC‬‬
‫ل @ُ دا‪.ًL‬‬
‫ن ‪ُ )1‬‬
‫‪ @C 3/+ E‬و\ ]‪ ،ُ@َL‬وآ َ‬ ‫أ‪D َ+‬‬
‫ƒ ِ‪!@َْC‬‬
‫
‪ @َِْ 3/+‬و َ‬
‫‰ أْ َ‬
‫‪ -‬وا ِ‬
‫‪ٍ * K‬م أ‪.ً+‬‬
‫‪َ *C 7‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه‪U‬ا ا)" ِ‬
‫‪َ :% (@!a 0t) K‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ُ 1&8‬‬
‫و‪p 6!/1‬‬
‫‪ !B‬أ‪ZR‬ر ُة ه‬
‫‪ -*' A‬ه‪U‬ا ا‪G‬لِ؟ &ْ ذه
ْ  *@ ‪ Wَ %‬ا‪ِ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1 r‬أَ‪ !V‬إ‪ُ [! -!% -‬‬ ‫‪َ َ/ْaَ ْW2!َ% -‬‬
‫‪!"B‬‬ ‫‪ Wَ % E‬ا‪ِ 12‬‬‫إ‪ 0*, -‬آ‪d‬رك ™‪ A‬ا‪َ " 0ِ [C‬ذهَ َ‬
‫س ا‪C‬و‪،َ3,‬‬ ‫ ا ِ‬ ‫‪ُ C A‬‬ ‫ش أ‪V‬اً‪ ،‬و=&‪َ V‬‬ ‫‪+ A‬لٍ‪ &َ '= ،‬وا ُ& آ‪ ِ@*' ْ3% 0l‬آ‪a‬ا ٍ‬ ‫'*‪ -‬آَ ‪2‬‬
‫ع ‪ &V‬أنْ‬ ‫‪ 0 ِ ْ3%‬ا‪ ُ 1&% " &ُ /‬ا&ر(ِ ا‪U‬ي ‪ '&1‬أ‪ ِ(d ْ3% ُ@D‬ا ‪ِ "R ،&G%‬‬
‫‪!3‬‬ ‫ن ا!ا َر ُ ‪ ,‬ا‪C‬ر‪َ ِ(4‬أ‪َ+ ٌْ%‬امٌ \ ‪ ُ 4َ1‬ا&‪ُ 12‬‬ ‫ج أ‪ ْ3% ِ@ِ!V‬آ‪D . 0l‬‬ ‫‪ -*' K‬زوا ِ‬ ‫‪)1‬ا‪َ ,‬‬
‫‪ K‬ا‪ِ!ْ+R‬امَ‪،‬‬ ‫ن ‪p ِGَ!ْ/َ1 \ ٌšْ<َZ ِ ِ [ , &V‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ه‪ ِ U‬ا َة ‪D .‬‬ ‫ أ  أنْ ‪U1‬ه َ‬‫ (ِ‪ ،‬ر‪َ ,‬‬
‫‪ d‬أ‪ ِ@1‬أنْ ا)‪\ ُ(al‬‬ ‫‪ً ' ،ًG,9% d‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ُ@ُ%!G1‬و‪ ُ ُ !C1‬ر‪ً t‬‬ ‫‪ ْ3' ُ@َ" % E‬وا ِ& آ‪ .0l‬آ َ‬ ‫ ‪ِ /‬‬
‫‪ &V K‬أ‪V‬اً‪ ،‬إذْ ‪ْ0‬‬ ‫ن ا ِ&‪ .‬وا‪َ ,‬‬
‫ف ‪ِ /R‬‬ ‫ƒ ا)‪ُ H!= ُ(al‬‬ ‫ف ا‪/R‬نَ‪ -*' ْA ،‬ا‪ِ 9C‬‬ ‫=‪ُ 2 H‬‬
‫ن ‪.ُ َ$C‬‬ ‫ف أ‪  D‬وآ‪ِ Gُ1 0l‬‬‫‪ُ C1 A‬‬ ‫ب ا&‪p 9, ،ِ(1‬‬ ‫‪&!1‬مْ <(ِ  *@ أ‪ِ Z ْ3% ٌ&+‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
 ‫‪ r‬ا(ِ‪ ،‬أو ه‪U9‬ا ‪ '&1‬آ‪.0l‬‬ ‫‪َ *= A‬‬
‫ن وا‪َ " &ٍ +‬‬ ‫ن ‪ %‬ا‪ٍ 9% , C!t‬‬ ‫ن ا*‪U‬ا ِ‬
‫ج ا‪ِ G‬‬ ‫=‪m‬و َ‬
‫ن ‪َ &t‬ة‬
‫
‪ 3%‬وا&= أ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ُ C .A‬‬ ‫
)‪ٍ 1‬‬ ‫‪Z % A‬ه&تْ ‪ٍ ") ُ!1&%‬‬ ‫ج ‪ ْ3%‬أ‪َ t‬‬ ‫آ
ْ ‪ ُ(*a+‬ا‪m‬وا ِ‬
‫ن"‪ .‬و'&‪  ْ!k %‬ا)ا& ُة إنْ آ
ْ ه "&ْ ا!‪ْ
*C‬‬ ‫‪! K‬ا ٍر '*‪" -‬ا‪).‬ا ِ‬ ‫آ‪ 0l‬آ
ْ =‪ُ *C‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ث ‪ً %‬ة وا‪ً &+‬ة ‪D 9 ، ِ=+ ,‬‬‫‪َ &+ ْ&" r‬‬‫ن ذ َ‬‫‪ .d‬أ‪D k ْ
t‬‬ ‫ن" آ‪ً :% ِ(DG‬‬ ‫‪"  ِ Z ,‬ا‪).‬ا َ‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪ ،ِ3G‬ا"!‪ْ
C‬‬‫‪ !A‬و‪ Uُ %‬ذ َ‬‫ أ‪ُ t‬‬‫ن ‪ِCZ‬ه ا‪2 C‬‬ ‫ن َ) َ‬
‫ل إ‪D‬‬ ‫زو‪ ، َt‬ر‪ ُ@َ+‬ا‰ُ‪َ " ْ&" ،‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ل ا‪2 C‬‬ ‫‪ ْ3% A‬ا ِ‬ ‫ل أنْ \ ‪َ Z‬ء أ‪َ $,‬‬ ‫ا& ُة ِ‪ٍ &َ َt d‬‬
‫ت آ‪C‬د= إ‪ -‬ا`‪ِ $ِ ِ(1‬ء ' ِ& ا‪ 1&` Vk, ،-G4.‬آ‪, ) '&% Dk 0l‬‬ ‫‪ُ ,‬‬
‫ن ‪,‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ )9! َ(*aG‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ْ3% ٍ(jdj‬أ`‪ ِ 6‬أو\ ِد أ'‪ ،ِ@ِ%‬وأ ‪D‬‬ ‫ا) ِم ا! ‪ِ )$G‬ر ‪ِ !V ِ(*a+‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ن ا&') َة ‪ ٌ(`V‬و‪ ْ3% ٌ( t)%‬ا‪ ِ(tG‬ا& ِة‪ .‬و'&‪ُ )9= %‬‬ ‫ل ِ›'ْ!ِ‪U‬ا ِر ‪D .‬‬
‫ا‪ ،ِ(1‬و\ ‪َ َ%‬‬
‫ك ‪َ%‬لٌ ِ›'!‪U‬ا ِر!‬ ‫ƒ ه َ‬‫ا&') ُة ‪ ً(`V‬و‪ ْ3% ً( t)%‬ا‪ ِ(tG‬ا&ةِ‪َ *, ،‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ك ‪ ٌWt‬آٌ ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪".‬ر ِ‬ ‫ن هُ َ‬
‫ل أ‪ِ 1‬م ' ِ& ا‪ .-G4.‬آ َ‬ ‫ذه ‪ ,‬ا) ِم ا! وه) أو ‪p‬‬
‫ج أ‪ ،(&+‬وه)‬ ‫‪$+ 3‬وا ‪ ْ3%‬اُى ا‪ ِ(1‬أو ‪ ْ3%‬ا&‪ ،ِ(1‬أو‪) 0ُ p‬أ‪ُ G‬‬ ‫وا‪ِ "&`.‬ء ا‪َ 1U‬‬
‫ح‬
‫‪!= 3‬او ُ‬
‫ن ا‪.‬و\ ُد ا‪ ُ(jd:‬ا‪َ 1U‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ْ3%‬وزار ِة ا‪ .ِ(G8‬آ َ‬ ‫‪ A‬إ‪t‬ز َة ا<ِ! ِ‬
‫ق ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ G1‬‬ ‫ا‪ُ dG‬‬
‫ف‬
‫ف‪ \ .‬أ' ُ‬
‫ن ‪َ $ ً j‬ء ‪&1&t‬ةً‪ ،‬و‪&1‬و '* ِ‪ 0‬ا<َ) ُ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪/‬د(ِ وا‪ِ ZC‬ة ‪َ )/*1‬‬ ‫أ' ُرهُ‪َ  0‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% ً ,)V A‬ا‪9‬رِ؟‬
‫ذا َ&أوا ) ِ& ا‪. 0D j ِ 6`.‬و‪ 0D j ِo‬ا‪.‬آ ِ‪ .‬ر ‪ D‬ا‪ُ 68‬ر أ" ‪p‬‬
‫ل وز]ر‪ &ِ 1‬ا‪ِ )/‬ة و] ِء أو\ ِد ا‪-!+ ِ(1‬‬ ‫ل و‪ ِ(Dَ4 َo‬ا‪ِ t‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ )`.‬‬ ‫‪ٍ Z A‬ء ‪َ َ/+‬‬ ‫=َ ‪ 0D‬آُ ‪p‬‬
‫خ ‪D‬‬
‫ق ‪ِ & ً *!<%‬م ا) ِ& ا‪U‬ي ` َ‬‫ل ‪ ,‬و‪ ِ@t‬ا‪ِ dG‬‬ ‫‪ُ = K‬ر ا) ِ‬
‫‪َ t‬ء دو ُر ا) ِ& ا‪.‬آ ِ‪ .‬إ*َ َ‬
‫ل‪:‬‬‫ج أ‪ &َ C ُ@َ!a*] &+‬أنْ " َ‬‫" َ‪ W‬ا‪ُ G‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪!0ِ +‬‬
‫‰ ا‪ِ +‬‬
‫‪ 0ِ / -‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ K‬أ‪&ُ +‬هُ‪:0‬‬
‫ن و'* َ‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪.‬و\ ُد ا)ا"‪َ )a‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪H‬نَ‪ ،‬و‪َ G4‬‬
‫‪ K‬و‪َ C‬‬
‫ق و‪َ 8, ُ@َ,‬‬
‫ل ' ا‪ِ dG‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا) ُ‬
‫ *‪َ D‬‬
‫‪H -‬نٌ ‪!%‬زٌ ‪ُ m+ 1‬ة!‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا& َة =&‪ ْ
*V‬ور'
ْ إ‪ -‬ا) ِ‬
‫‪,‬زدا َد ا‪D 9 ،ُrG$‬‬
‫ب!‬
‫‪ -‬إ‪)V‬ا ‪ 1‬أو\دُ‪ )**" 1 ،‬ا‪.‬د ِ‬

‫‪29‬‬
 ‫ت 'لٍ‪ &َ C ،‬أنْ‬ ‫] َ أ‪ ْW!/= ْ0  D‬أنْ =‪ ْ
9G$, ، ِ/a -*' َ /‬ه ا‪Vُ.‬ى ‪ٍ )8‬‬
‫ج ‪U!C%‬ر ًة‪:‬‬
‫ج ‪ ْ
!a!,‬إ‪ -‬ا‪ِ G‬‬
‫=‪ ْ
َDC‬ا[‪ , َ D‬و‪ ِ@t‬ا‪G‬جِ‪َ CZ 0D j ،‬تْ ‪+R‬ا ِ‬
‫‰ ‪ُ m+ 1‬ة!‬
‫‪r‬ا ُ‬
‫‪َ G% \ -‬‬
‫‪.7‬‬
‫‪ ْ3' A‬ا) ِ& ‪m, ِ@ِ/a‬دا ُد ا‪ُ 1m‬‬‫ƒ‪ .‬آ
ْ =<‪ -H‬أنْ ‪َ 6H1‬‬ ‫ل ا‪ُ 2َُ1 \ ِ 68‬‬ ‫ن َ) َ‬
‫و‪D k ُ@ْ!k‬‬
‫ق ‪ .ِ@ ):‬و‪ ْ3%‬آ‪ ِ@/‬ا*&ي ا‪U‬ي ‪ '&D 1‬أ‪ ْ&" ُ@D‬أ‪3% ُ َ $+‬‬ ‫‪ B‬و‪ َ@t‬ا‪ِ dG‬‬ ‫ع أ ) ا) ِ& ‪َ /,‬‬ ‫ر َ‬
‫ش‪ \ .‬أ‪&َ +‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬وا‪ِ H‬‬ ‫‪َ 7‬ذآَ َ ا) ِ&  ِ‬
‫ح ‪D َ 0D j‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا َ‬
‫ وده َ‬ ‫ق ‪%‬ه ً أ  َ‬ ‫ج ا‪ُ dG‬‬ ‫‪ َ(9%‬أ‪َ V‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫„ ‪ً Cِ,‬‬ ‫‪ E‬إ‪ -‬ا‪2 G‬‬
‫ج أ‪ &" &+‬ذه َ‬ ‫ن ا‪p G‬‬ ‫ي ‪ ،َ(9% ْ3%‬أو إنْ آ َ‬ ‫ƒ ا*& ‪p‬‬ ‫ن ا‪ُ 9‬‬ ‫ف ‪ ً C‬إنْ آ َ‬ ‫‪ُ C1‬‬
‫ن ‪ِ("d+‬‬‫ن ‪ُ )`" ُ D ٍ 6` ٍ("d+‬‬ ‫‪ ُ@ B‬دآ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬وا‪َ !!,‬‬ ‫أو ‪َ t !-!%‬ء إ‪َ  Uُ % ِ!1&% -‬‬
‫ج أ‪."&+‬‬ ‫س "ا‪p G‬‬ ‫‪ ُ D 3‬ا ُ‬ ‫‪ r‬ا‪ِ G‬‬
‫ج أ‪ ."&+‬و‪ Uُ %‬ذ َ‬ ‫اا‪ ِ@+8 ،31&,‬ا‪2 G‬‬
‫‪ 3‬وه) ‪ %‬زالَ ‪ 3% C1‬ا‪ 0ِ .‬و"& &ا و‪ ُ@ُ t‬أ`‪ 0D j ،َa‬أ‪ُ )/*t‬‬ ‫ح ا‪ِ "/‬‬
‫‪)*+‬ا ا) َ& ‪َ )!a%‬‬
‫‪ .3‬آ
ْ أ‪ ٌ(` ْ0 َ%%‬آةٌ =َ!)  "(ٌ ‪ ,‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ 1VT‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا)&‪ِ 1‬‬ ‫‪ِ  7‬‬‫ش [ ٍ‬ ‫'*‪, -‬ا ٍ‬
‫
'*‪-‬‬‫‪ 7‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد‪ .‬آُ ُ‬ ‫ن ا‪ َ +.‬ا‪ ،‬وا
ْ ‪َ َ*ُ] ِ@,‬‬
‫‪%‬ءٌ أَ‪ ْ
,4‬إ@ِ ا‪ ُ(tG‬ا& ُة ا*) َ‬
‫‪ ،َ/ِ r‬إذْ \ أَ‪&َ +‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪).‬انَ‪ ْ39 ،‬آ‪ َG8 0l‬أنْ َأ‪َ ِ/ْ%‬‬ ‫‪ r‬أنْ أُذآ‪ َ 2‬ا‪k َ(tG‬نْ \ =‪َ C!/‬‬ ‫و‪ِ َZ‬‬
‫س )َ ‪.‬‬ ‫ن ا‪ ِ(tG‬وه =ُر ُ‬ ‫‪ُZ , A‬و ِ‬ ‫‪ُ DV&!1‬‬
‫س ‪ ,‬ا‪ ِ(8‬ه&‪dG*ِ ً(1‬قِ‪ ،‬وآ
ْ ا& ُة‬ ‫ن ا‪َ )*a‬‬
‫ن ِ*رآ(ِ و‪َ )C$1‬‬ ‫ب ‪َ )=k1‬‬
‫ن ا‪".‬ر ُ‬ ‫آ َ‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫ل ‪ ،ًC% ًnZ‬أو إنْ آ
ْ ه ‪ً C,‬‬‫=‪ُ 9H‬هُ‪ 0‬و=ُ!َ!ِ ُ‪ٍ H 0‬ء ] ِ ‪ٍ ) a%‬م‪ \ .‬أدري إذا آ
ْ =) ُ‬
‫
إ ‬‫ت ‪ ْ3%‬ا‚نِ‪ D 9 ،‬أ`‪ُ 6‬‬ ‫ت ‪ ,‬ا&ا‪ ِ(1‬أ‪  D‬آ
ْ =ُد ُد ‚‪ٍ 1‬‬‫ل‪ .‬إ'!&ْ ُ‬
‫=‪ُ )= % 0ُ َ a‬‬
‫‪!A‬‬‫ل ‪) a% َ ] ًnZ‬مٍ‪ُ " ْ3% ُ@ُ!C % ،‬‬ ‫
أ  =) ُ‬‫‪ً&2t‬ا أدرآ ُ‬
‫\ ‪ِ U‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا! أ‪َ$+‬ه إ‪ً a!+‬‬ ‫ج ا! ا‪!V‬ره ‪ ،ِ@C" 3%‬و=* َ‬ ‫‪ B‬ا‪َ C‬‬ ‫ &َأ أ ) ا‪.‬و\ ِد ‪ُ َ U1‬‬
‫ف ‪  *' *8‬و‪kَ ,&!1‬‬ ‫ق أنْ ‪ Uَ Vk1‬أ‪, َ(D1‬و ِة `) ٍ‬ ‫ك ا<َ ُر *‪ِ dG‬‬ ‫ا(ِ‪ .‬آ
ْ ا‪C‬د ُة أنْ ‪َ َ !ُ1‬‬
‫ج و‪  َG‬وا‪d9‬وي‪.‬‬ ‫س ‪ ,  َ"),‬أ‪ِ 1‬م ا‪ِ !H‬ء ارد ِة‪ .‬آ @ُ أنْ ‪َ !<1‬ر آ َ& أ‪ &ِ +‬ا‪ِ C‬‬ ‫ *) ِ‬
‫ن ‪ٍ H ً! %‬ء ‚‪ ،َV‬إذ‬ ‫ج أ‪ &+‬آ َ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪َ G‬‬‫و@ُ أ‪ ً$1‬انْ ‪ُ H1 % Uَ Vk1‬ء ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ C‬م ‪D 9َ .ِ@ِ!*LC‬‬
‫س‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آ‪ ْ3%  , Wَ = ْ0‬ا‪ِ )*a‬‬ ‫‪َ < َ VT 3‬‬ ‫ف 'ِ@ِ إ‪ -‬ا‪ٍ + ْ3% ِ(8‬‬ ‫ن ‪ِ  ُ [1‬‬‫آ َ‬

‫‪30‬‬
 ‫ص آ ٍ‬
‫‪ٍ " E‬‬
‫‪ A‬وا‪ٍ &+‬ة ‪ِ *" ,‬‬‫ت )‪ ،ٍ(*1‬آُ َ‪D‬‬
‫ث ‪ٍ CZ‬‬‫ƒ ]
ْ ا& ُة ‪َ dj‬‬‫ب ا‪ِ H‬‬ ‫و' َ& ]و ِ‬
‫ص‬
‫ق‪ .‬أ
ْ ا‪".‬ا َ‬
‫ " ِ‪ W‬ا*‪ 0ِ G‬ا‪ِ )*/‬‬‫ث ا ƒِ‪ ،‬وو‪) ْ
C4‬ارِه ]*‪ ً(a‬و ‪َ C‬‬ ‫‪ ْ3%‬او ِ‬
‫‪ ْ3% 3‬ا‪)*ُ1 -!+ ،23‬ا‬‫‪ ِ@*' A‬ا&ارُ‪)VR ً %C ،‬اِ  ا َ‬
‫ت ا‪U‬ي = ‪p‬‬
‫ ِ‪ ِ  ِ(Ga8‬ا‪a‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪T‬د‪ ِ(D%‬آ‪ Wَ $= d‬ر‪ ُ()t‬أ‪a+‬دِه ‪.0ِ ُِ'  ,‬‬ ‫‪ َ ْG‬ا‪ِ H‬‬
‫ت ‪ 0ِ /‬ا‪ِ /‬ء اردةِ‪ُ = َ ،‬ر ا ِء‬
‫‪ I‬أ‪َ %‬م ه‪ِ D‬‬
‫ع ‪ُ C=1‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ )H‬‬
‫ب را‪ ً CL‬و ُ‬‫ن ا‪6‬و ُ‬ ‫آ َ‬
‫ت ا‪ ِ(tG‬ا& ِة ور‪ِ t‬ء ' ‬ ‫
‪&C‬اً‪ً&C ،‬ا و‪)*` َo‬ا ُ‬ ‫ص ‪  ِL)$‬ا<‪ِ ,‬‬ ‫‪ Wُ *!1‬ا‪".‬ا َ‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ /‬ء‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ *ِ 3‬‬
‫اُ!*‪ِ َ!C‬‬

‫‪Questions about the text‬‬ ‫أ ل ا‬

‫أ‪ .‬أِ ‪ /‬أ‪  $%‬ا‪ #‬ا"!‪:‬‬
‫ج أ‪ &+‬ا‪H‬نَ؟‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪p G‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ذا ‪َ C‬‬
‫‪ُ &t ْ
9G4 -!% .2‬ة آ‪0l‬؟‬
‫‪ .3‬ذا ‪CZ‬تْ ا& ُة ‪+R‬اجِ؟‬
‫‪ B‬و‪ َ@t‬ا‪dG‬قِ؟‬
‫‪َ /% ْ3َ% .4‬‬
‫ق ‪ 3%‬آ‪ ِ@ِ/‬ا*&ي؟‬
‫ج ا‪ُ dG‬‬
‫‪% .5‬ذا أ‪َ V‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪َƒ9‬؟‬
‫ق ذ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪!Z‬ى ا‪ُ dG‬‬
‫‪ ْ3ِ% .6‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ق ‪,‬و َة ا‪)8‬فِ؟‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ُ dG‬‬
‫ي ‪ٍ Z‬ء ‪ُ C!/1‬‬
‫‪2 . .7‬‬
‫ق إ‪a*ِ ً(,4‬وةِ؟‬
‫‪% .8‬ذا ‪ُ !<1‬ر ا‪ُ dG‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد أو\ً؟‬
‫‪ 3‬أ
ْ ا& ُة ]* َ‬
‫‪ .9‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ي ‪ٍ Z‬ء آ
ْ ‪ُ &t‬ة آ‪<= 0l‬فُ؟‬
‫‪ ْ3ِ% .10‬أ ‪2‬‬

‫‪31‬‬
 ‫(ِ؟‬8‫ ا‬-‫[ ُ إ‬1 ‫ق‬
ُ dG‫ن ا‬
َ ‫ ذا آ‬.11
‫[ ُ إ ؟‬1 ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬7
َ ‫ آ‬.12

:R‫! ا‬3456 +,7‫ ا‬89‫ ا‬6!"‫ أي آ‬/ ْ‫؟ أ‬+,- ‫اب أم‬/ .‫ب‬
.ِ(/ ‫ه! ِم‬R‫ َ& ا‬1&Z 0l‫ن آ‬
َ ‫ آ‬.1
‫ِ@ِ؟‬L"&`‫ت أ‬
ِ ) -‫)اآ@َ إ‬a‫ َ وا‬L/‫ ا‬0l‫€ آ‬
ُ C1 .2
. َ!‫!ُ@ُ درا‬Vُ‫ أ‬A
َ 9ُ= ْ‫ ه) ر]!ُ@ُ أن‬3
َ <‫ ا‬E
َ * &V 
ِ ,‫ ر‬, E
ُ D/‫ أ‬.3
.ً%' 21 ُ ُ '‫ و‬0l‫ج آ‬
َ ‫و‬m= .4
‫؟‬0l‫ْ أ ِة آ‬3' \
ً )n/% &V ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.5
.ُ &ُ ‫ َ& أنْ =' َ& وا‬C 0l‫ْ آ‬3% ِ@ِ!Vُ‫ج أ‬
ِ ‫ زوا‬-*' &V K
َ ,‫ وا‬.6
.
 %&=‫ي و‬
 ‫ر‬/1 ُ@D‫&' أ‬1 &V ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.7
.&G% 
2 ‫(ِ ا‬d ْ3% ُ@D‫& " أ‬/‫&' ا‬1 .8
.‫ت‬
ِ *C‫ ِ& ا‬C% ْ3% ‫ج‬
ِ <!‫ ا‬-!+ 0l‫  !![ ُ آ‬Dk @*  ْ‫ و'&ت‬.9
.ِ(1):‫*(ِ ا‬+‫ َ& ا‬C َ(C%‫*
ْ  *@ ا‬V‫ د‬.10

Functional Expressions ُ :;!5‫ت ا‬

ُ ‫!را‬%:‫أ‬
ِ(َ2/‫ ا‬,

ِ ْ")َ ‫َ(ُ ا‬Cَ$َ% waste of time in politics

ٍ(ُ% ‫ن‬
ِ ‫ ِ(ٍ و &و‬ whether needed or not

‫& ِة‬D 2H‫

ا‬
ِ ْ"‫ َو‬, at the time of need

32
7
ِ ")D!‫! ُة ا‬, jail term

!ُ@ ْ‫رآ‬, We congratulated him!

% ‫ن‬
َ 'ُْ‫و‬ and very quickly

0ِ D$ 4َ‫ر‬ We have accepted misfortune.

!‫ب‬
ِ ّH‫ق ا‬
َ ‫ َ
ْ ذَو‬D َV ‫ن‬
ُ ‫)ا‬.‫أ‬ Make up has corrupted young people’s taste!


2 2/‫ق ا‬
ِ a2‫ ا‬- َ!ْُ% the ultimate political hypocrisy

‫ت‬
ِ 2*َCُ‫ ُ& ا‬C% female teachers institute

‫ق‬
ِ َ َC‫ا‬ very strong alcoholic beverage

ً(ْCِ ƒ
َ ‫َِْ(ٌ و‬ a misfortune, not a blessing

!Vَ‫ أ‬1 r
َ َ/ْaَ ْW2!َ% Enjoy yourself, brother!

!3
ُ 12&‫ ُ ا‬4َ1 \ ٌ‫َام‬+ ٌْ%‫َأ‬ A forbidden issue that is anti-religion!

‫ْ!ِا َم‬+R‫ ا‬K

p ِGَ!ْ/َ1 \ ٌšْ<َZ someone who does not deserve respect

‫ل‬
ٍ &َ َt dِ without an argument

‫ا ِر‬Uِ!ْ'›ِ ‫ل‬
َ َ% \ no need for apology

ْ‫ أن‬r
ِ َZ‫ و‬-*'

ُ ُ‫آ‬ I was about to …


َ /ِ r
َ ِ/ْ%‫أنْ َأ‬ that I should shut up

‫ َ) ِة‬/p‫ ُ& ا‬1‫ل وز]ر‬

ِ t2‫(ُ ا‬Dَ4 men’s noise and women’s yodeling

!‫ب‬
ِ ‫د‬.‫ "**) ا‬1 ،ُ‫ أو\د‬1 ‫)ا‬V‫إ‬ Shut up, you impolite boys!

33
Grammar ‫ا‬$%‫أ‬
1. The passive form of the Arabic verb in present tense is formed through internal vowel
changes.

You remember the passive verb of the past is formed through adding Dhamma -ُ to the
first radical and Kasra -ِ to the second radical. In the present tense you put Dhamma on
the prefix consonant, a zero vowel, Sukun, -ْ on the first radical and FatHa َ- on the
medial consonant, as in:

‫س‬
ُ ‫ُ&ْ َر‬1 - ‫س‬
ُ ‫َ&ْ ُر‬1 - ‫س‬
َ ‫َد َر‬
—
ُ َُْ1 - —
ُ َُْ1 - —
َ ََ

Therefore, a sentence like:

.‫ص‬
ِ ‫"ْا‬.‫ ا‬, ‫ع‬
َ )pH‫& ُة ا‬D َ‫س ا‬
ُ ُ ْ6َ=

becomes when put into passive voice:

.‫ص‬
ِ ‫"ْا‬.‫ ا‬, ‫ع‬
ُ )pH‫س ا‬
ُ َ ْ6ُ=
You will notice that the subject is dropped off and the object becomes the subject of the
new sentence. You also remember that, unlike English, Arabic has no "agent" equivalent.

2. The passive form of the Assimilated Verb maintains the semi-vowel in its initial
position. Examples are:

&ُ َt)1 - &ُ َِ1 - &َ َt‫َو‬

34
3. The Passive Hollow Verb will always have the long vowel ‫ا‬ in medial position:

‫ع‬
ُ ُ1 - Wُ َ1 - ‫ع‬
َ 
ٌ‫ "َ)ل‬- ‫ل‬
ُ )َ1 - ‫ل‬
َ "
4. The Passive Defective Verb will always have ‫ى‬ in final position.

-'ْ&ُ1 - )'ْ&َ1 - 'َ‫د‬

-9ُْ1 - 9َ1 - -9َ

Drill # 1 ‫ول‬#‫ ا‬CD9"‫أ‬

Use the words and phrases in the Functional Expressions list in good sentences.

Drill # 2 $E!F‫ ا‬CD9"‫أ‬

.‫ َء‬G‫ ا‬0l‫& ُة آ‬t ْ
َ*َْCَ!‫ إ‬.1
‫& ًة‬+‫ ًة وا‬D % .‫ت‬ d
ً *َ" .‫ب‬ ‫ًا‬:‫ آ‬.‫أ‬

."‫ن‬
َ ‫)ا‬.‫ "ا‬0l‫& ُة آ‬t ْAC!/= ْ0 .2
A
ُ $,‫ أ‬
D C‫َ  ا‬t ‫ن‬
D . .‫)اق ت‬.‫ ا‬, ُ ,)!= \ .‫  ](ٌ ب‬. .‫ا‬

.‫ن‬
ِ !<‫*(َ ا‬a+ ‫`&" ُء‬.‫ب وا‬
ُ ‫"ر‬.‫ َ ا‬$+ .3
ِ(1&‫ْ اُى وا‬3% .‫ت‬ ِ(1&‫ْ ا‬3% .‫ب‬ ِ(1‫ْ اُى ا‬3% .‫أ‬

35
 ‫ن ا‪.‬و\ ُد ا‪. ........... ُ(jd:‬‬
‫‪ % .4‬آ َ‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‪َ )91 .‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ب‪َ aLV .‬‬ ‫ƒ ا&‪َ &1‬ة‬
‫ن ا‪َ d‬‬
‫أ‪َ )/*1 .‬‬

‫ن ا ِ&‪.‬‬
‫‪ ............ .5‬ا)‪ِ /R ُ(al‬‬
‫ف‬
‫ت‪ُ ِ ْHُ= .‬‬ ‫ف‬
‫ب‪ُ D َHَ!َ= .‬‬ ‫ف‬
‫أ‪ُ 2 َHُ= .‬‬

‫‪ ِ( , .6‬زوا‪ ِ ِt‬آ

ْ  *@ ‪. ...........‬‬
‫ƒ ' ِ ِ‬
‫ت‪ِ a .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ`‪ ْ3% َ 6‬آ‪0l‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أآ َ ‪ ْ3%‬آ‪0l‬‬

‫‪ .7‬أ`‪.ً(*C% @*  ْ
G‬‬
‫ت‪ &َ C .‬زوا‪ ِt‬‬ ‫ج‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪m‬وا ِ‬
‫ب‪َ " .‬‬ ‫ف ‪-!%‬‬
‫أ‪ُ C \ .‬‬

‫‪ r‬ا‪ ُ(*/‬أ‪+ W% .......... ُ@D‬آ!ِ ا‪.ِ(/‬‬

‫‪ &ُ 11 \ .8‬آ‪ 0l‬أنْ =‪D H‬‬
‫ت‪/% .‬ولٌ‬ ‫‬
‫ب‪ + .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٌ7ِC!ُ% .‬‬

‫ب!‬
‫‪ .9‬إ‪)V‬ا ‪ 1‬أو\ ُد ‪ )**" 1‬ا‪.‬د ِ‬
‫ف‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬ااد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إذه)ا‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أُ‪)!9‬ا‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إ‪)9G4‬ا‬

‫‪36‬‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ƒ )ا ٍ‬
‫ج أُ‪ ْ3% ِ@ِ!V‬آ‪ِ & 0l‬ة ‪ِ V‬‬
‫‪ .10‬وا‪ -*' &V َK,‬زوا ِ‬
‫'‪ً)a‬ا أ"‪:&ُ ِ8‬‬
‫ض‬
‫ت‪َ ' .‬ر َ‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ‪َ j‬ر‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪َ Dََ= .‬‬

‫€ آ‪ 0l‬ا‪ َ L/‬وا‪)a‬اآ@َ ‪. ........... ِ@ِL"&`.‬‬

‫‪ُ C1 .11‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬اُ‪َ *ََ!ْC‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬اُ‪َ 2*َC‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬اُ!َ‪m‬و‪َ t2‬‬

‫‪ ْ
َ9G4 .12‬ا& ُة ‪ &َ C‬أنْ =ََ‪ , ْ
َDC‬و‪ ِ@t‬ا‪dG‬قِ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪:ACa‬‬
‫ت‪ َ) ْ
ََ!َْ= .‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫ب‪ .‬إ!َ‪ ْ
َ!َa‬إ‪ -‬ا ِ‬ ‫أ‪َ َ[َ .‬تْ ‪ً&2t‬ا‬

‫ت ‪ -D!+ ُ َ ِ[!!  Dk‬ا)تِ!‬

‫‪k= -Dَ*َ= .13‬آ&ا ٍ‬
‫ف‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ت‪D َ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إْ!َ*َ َ‪0‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫أ‪َ D َV .‬‬

‫ش "َ َ‪ٍ U‬ر‪.‬‬

‫‪َ .14‬أ‪)/َ*ْt‬ا ا‪.‬و\ َد '*‪, -‬ا ٍ‬
‫'‪ً)a‬ا ا"‪:&ُ ِ8‬‬
‫ق‪.‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ )*/َ% .‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ب‪ٍ 2َ .‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫أ‪ٍ [َ .‬‬

‫‪37‬‬
 ‫‪./ِ r‬‬
‫‪ َGَ8َ .15‬آ‪َ 0l‬أنْ أ‪َ ِ/%‬‬
‫‪ r‬أنْ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫
‬
‫ت‪ .‬أَ‪َ ُ9‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪َ َG4‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ=َ‪0َ D*َ9‬‬

‫ق‬
‫ع وا*‪ 0ُ G‬ا‪ُ )*/‬‬
‫ص وا‪ُ )H‬‬
‫‪ .16‬إ‪ ْ
َa!V‬ا‪".‬ا ُ‬
‫ن ا& َة أ!ْ  ‪ ِ(Ga8‬ا ِ‬
‫أ‪D . .‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أ‪ ْ=UV‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا َ‬
‫ن ا ‪D‬‬
‫ب‪D . .‬‬
‫ن = َر ا ِ ا !*‪ َC‬‬
‫ت‪D . .‬‬

‫ن ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ .17‬ا‪U‬ي ‪tR َ $+‬ا ِء '*‪ ِ(D‬ا<ِ! ِ‬
‫ق‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ُ dG‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ&‪ُ 1‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ ُ‬

‫ن آ‪. ......... ُ CH1 0l‬‬

‫‪ 7‬آ َ‬
‫ل ‪ُ !,‬ة ا!)" ِ‬
‫‪ُ )= %&' .18‬‬
‫ت‪ِ Uَ G .‬ر‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫ب‪ِ * .‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫أ‪ِ َ$َ6 .‬‬

‫ك ‪)` &V‬ر ًة‪:‬‬

‫ن *) ُ‬
‫‪ .19‬آ َ‬
‫‬
‫ق ا‪2 /‬‬
‫ت‪ِ aِ*ِ .‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪ 0ِ 1&!ِ .‬ا‪ِ )َC‬‬ ‫س ا&‪ِ(D1‬‬
‫أ‪ِ )*ِ .‬‬

‫‪ &ُ 1ُ1 \ .20‬آ‪ 0l‬زو‪. .......... ْ3% ً(t‬‬

‫‪38‬‬
 ‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ(1‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا&ر(ِ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا&‪ِ(1‬‬

‫‪ , A‬ا‪:ِ(/‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ C‬‬
‫‪ &ُ ِ!C1 .21‬آ‪ 0l‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫
‬
‫ت‪ِ ")*ِ ٌ(C$َ% .‬‬ ‫‬
‫ب‪ ٌK' .‬و‪ +‬‬ ‫أ‪ ُ()n/% .‬ا‪ِ(*LC‬‬

‫ƒ ‪. .......... ْ3%‬‬
‫ق أ‪ ُ@D‬ا‪َ!Z‬ى ا‪َ 9‬‬
‫‪ 'D&1 .22‬ا‪ُ dG‬‬
‫ت‪َ(D9َ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا`‪ِ(1‬‬ ‫أ‪&6 .‬ا َد‬

‫ج‬
‫‪CZ .23‬تْ ا‪ ُ(tG‬ا& ُة ‪+R‬ا ِ‬
‫ن ‪َ m+‬ة ‪ٌ&t‬‬
‫ن ‪َ H‬‬
‫أ‪D . .‬‬
‫ن‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪َ H‬‬
‫ق َ‪َ َC‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ dG‬‬
‫ب‪D . .‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ت‪ Wَ % ْ
َ9G4  D. .‬ا‪َ 1V.‬‬

‫‪.r‬‬
‫ن ذ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬آ َ‬
‫‪ E‬ا< َ‬
‫ ‪َ * &V‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ر‪َ ,‬‬
‫‪َ + .24‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أُ‪ ً(/%‬‬ ‫ب‪ً kta% .‬ة ‬ ‫ت ‬
‫أ‪k= .‬آ&ا ٍ‬

‫‪ &ُ 1mُ1 ْ&َ" r‬ا‪&C= َ($‬اً‪.‬‬

‫ن ذ َ‬
‫‪ .25‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ف ا ُ‬
‫أا ِد ُ‬
‫ت‪- !ُ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ .‬ر ‪D‬‬ ‫أ‪k! .‬آ ِ&‬
‫‪39‬‬
‫‪Drill # 3‬‬ ‫أ"‪ CD9‬ا‪H!F‬‬
‫‪L .1‬ل ‪ $L /‬ا‪!:A#‬ل ‪ $A‬ا‪ 89‬ا"! إ‪ I/ J‬ا‪39 $%9‬ل‪:‬‬
‫‪ /* E‬آ‪ً:‬ا‪.‬‬
‫‪ &ُ َِ!َ1 .1‬ا‪ُ "&`.‬ء آ‪U1 ُ@D. 0l‬هّ ُ‬
‫‪.E‬‬
‫‪ َ 1&ُ% 7‬اَ‪ِ !9‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ َ!Gَ1 .2‬م ا)‪ُ lD‬‬
‫
ِ*‪ِ HِC‬ء‪.‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ )'&َ= .3‬ا‪ُ َ .‬ة ‪َ َV‬‬
‫ل ‪ &ِ ِL‬اُ َو‪.ِ(َ%‬‬
‫‪ K‬ا‪ُ t2‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ:َ1 .4‬‬
‫ƒ‪.‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ 2َُ1 \ ِ 6D8‬‬
‫ن َ) َ‬
‫ق ‪D k‬‬
‫‪َd‬‬‫‪ ْ
َkَْ .5‬اَ ‪ُ &D‬ة ا‪D َG‬‬
‫ي ا‪U‬ي ‪ 'D&َ1‬أ‪َ ْ&َ" ُ@D‬أ‪.َ(D9َ% ْ3ِ% ُ َ َ$ْ+‬‬
‫ق آ‪ ُ@َ/‬اِ*& ‪D‬‬
‫‪ُd‬‬‫ج ا‪D َG‬‬
‫‪َ .6‬أ‪َ َ ْV‬‬
‫ل ‪ ْ3% Cُ1‬ا‪ 0ِ .‬و"َ&ْ َ&ا وَ‪َ ُ@ُ t‬أ`ْ‪.َ َa‬‬
‫‪ 3‬وه) ‪ %‬زا َ‬
‫ح ا‪ِ "D/‬‬
‫‪)*ََ+ .7‬ا ا)َ َ& ‪َ )!ْaَ%‬‬
‫ن‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪).‬ا َ‬
‫‪ r‬أنْ أُذآ‪ َ 2‬ا‪k َ(DtG‬نْ \ =َ‪َ ِْCَ!ْ/‬‬
‫
'*‪ -‬و‪ِ َZ‬‬
‫‪ .8‬آُ ُ‬
‫ن َأ`ْ‪ ِ َ6‬أَو\ ِد َأ'ْ‪.ِ@ِ%‬‬
‫‪َ .9‬أ‪ 1&َ` ََْV‬آ‪ِ )$ُGِ ) 'ْ&َ% Dk 0l‬ر ‪ِ !ِV ِ(َ*ْaَ+‬‬
‫ع إ‪.ً "d‬‬
‫\ ُ‪ َ :‬اَ)‪َ )4‬‬
‫‪ Dِ% E‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آ‪َ َ*َ 0l‬‬
‫‪D ِ9َ .10‬‬

‫‪:V‬‬
‫‪DL  .2‬كْ ‪LD /‬آ‪ $‬ا‪ 89‬ا"! ‪ !ً 4CD1P‬آ!‪ً W‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ا‪".‬رب ‪)=k1‬ن *رآ( و‪)C$1‬ن ا‪)*a‬س ‪ ,‬ا‪ (8‬ه&‪dG* (1‬ق‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ا‪C‬دة ه أن ‪!1‬ك ا<ر *‪dG‬ق أن ‪ UVk1‬أ‪, (1‬وة `)ف‪.‬‬
‫‪ \ .3‬أ‪Z , AV&!1 &+‬ون ا‪ (tG‬وه =رس ‪. ) C‬‬

‫‪40‬‬
 ‫‪ 39 .4‬زو‪ ، t‬ر‪ @+‬ا‰‪" &" ،‬ل   ان )ن ‪CZ‬ه ا‪ C‬أ‪!At‬‬
‫‪)= .5‬ع أآ‪ :‬ا‪"&`.‬ء أن ‪)H"1‬ا ا‪ ،@C% (k/‬إذ آ‪ '&1 7‬أ@ =&‪ %‬و‪/1‬ري‪.‬‬
‫‪= .6‬ر ان ‪U1‬ه‪ 3% (/V E‬ا‪t‬ل ا‪9‬ر‪ 0  3% ،‬وا&ي‪ 3%  !< ،‬أ‪. V‬‬
‫‪ .7‬أآ‪ E$] :‬آ
‪&t‬ة آ‪ 0l‬ا! ‪j‬رت ‪9‬ا‪ (%‬ا   و‪&a+‬ه‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬أ`‪% &C , 3/+ B‬ب ‪C%‬وف ‪ ,‬ا‪C‬اق ‪!,‬ل ‪ 3%‬ا!‪.0*C‬‬
‫‪ 1&` A= .9‬أ‪ %‬ر‪ ,‬ا<) ( *‪ 3% A‬ا‪)9H‬ى أول‪.&C , E$6 0j ،‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أ‪ E+‬آ‪% 0l‬ة أو ‪ ،@=+ , 3=%‬و‪ 39‬ه‪ U‬اة آن ا‪ K' EG‬و‪.+‬‬

‫‪Drill # 4‬‬ ‫أ"‪ CD9‬ا‪D‬ا‪N6‬‬

‫‪Please choose the correct options, and explain WHY:‬‬

‫ث‪:‬‬
‫ص او ِ‬
‫‪ ْ
] .1‬ا& ُة ‪ ,‬أ"ا ِ‬
‫ع‬
‫ت‪ٍ )ُZ َ ْHَ' .‬‬ ‫ع‬
‫ƒ ‪ٍ )ُZ‬‬
‫ب‪َ َْV .‬‬ ‫ع‬
‫ث ‪ٍ )ُZ‬‬
‫أ‪َ dَj .‬‬

‫ق‪.‬‬
‫ع وا*‪ 0َ G‬ا‪َ )*/‬‬
‫‪ ْ
%" .2‬ا& ُة )ِ  و‪ ْ
G%‬ا‪َ )H‬‬
‫أ‪ -aH1 -!+ .‬أ‪ُ a+‬ده ‪ٍ('/‬‬
‫ت ا‪ِ(1‬‬
‫ب‪m!1 -!+ .‬و‪)t‬ا ‪ِ  ْ3%‬‬
‫ت‪ Wَ $= \ -!+ .‬ر‪  , 0ُ ُ!)t‬زوا‪0 ِt‬‬

‫ف‪.‬‬
‫ق ‪,‬و َة ا‪ِ )8‬‬
‫‪ Uُ Vk1 .3‬ا‪ُ dG‬‬
‫‪41‬‬
 ‫ت‪ *' *8ِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ِ@ِ!*LCِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ Cِ .‬‬

‫‪ٍ UGِ E‬ر‪:‬‬

‫ق =ُا" ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ dG‬‬
‫‪ .4‬آ
ْ ' ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪&َ 9‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪َ(8‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪َ(C‬‬

‫ن ‪. ........... ْ3%‬‬
‫ق إ‪t‬ز َة ا<! ِ‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ُ dG‬‬
‫‪ُ G1 .5‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬وزار ِة ا&ا‪ِ(*V‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬وزار ِة ا‪ِ(G8‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬وزار ِة ا<ر‪ِ(t‬‬

‫ن‪:‬‬
‫‪& .6‬أوا '*(َ ا<! ِ‬
‫ت‪ &ِ )ِ .‬ا‪.‬آ ِ‬ ‫ب‪ &ِ )ِ .‬ا‪.‬و‪ِo‬‬ ‫أ‪ &ِ )ِ .‬ا‪ِ 68‬‬

‫ل ‪ِ &َ ِ ..........‬م ا) ِ&‪.‬‬

‫‪ K‬ا) ُ‬
‫‪ .7‬إ* َ‬
‫ت‪ً*!<% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬وا"‪ً a‬‬ ‫أ‪ً% .‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ق ا‪2 '!tR‬‬
‫‪ - َ!ُ% , A‬ا‪ِ a‬‬
‫ك ا‪ِ t‬‬
‫‪ُ )* .8‬‬
‫إذنْ‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ \ .‬أدري‬ ‫‪ K‬ا‪!+R‬ا َم‬
‫ب‪p G!/1 \ .‬‬ ‫‪ E‬أنْ ‪ُ@َ%!G‬‬
‫أ‪ُ 1 .‬‬

‫ل ا) ُ& ‪ ,‬و‪ ِ@t‬ا‪dG‬ق ‪. .........‬‬

‫‪َ  .9‬‬
‫‪42‬‬
 ‫أ‪ُ@َ!a*] Wَ " %&' .‬‬
‫ن‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪َ H‬‬
‫ب‪َ C %&' .‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪0ِ +‬‬
‫‰ ا‪ِ +‬‬
‫ت‪" %&' .‬لَ‪ 0ِ  ،‬ا ِ‬

‫ج أُ‪ ْ3% ِ@ِ!V‬آ‪:0l‬‬

‫ ‪C‬ر‪ &V ِ(4‬زوا َ‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪p G‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أ‪ُ /‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ‪  D‬آ
ْ `‪ً 6‬ة‬
‫ب‪&!1 ْ0 .‬مْ ِ<!ِ  أ‪ٌ&+‬‬
‫ن ‪,‬ا‪ً Z‬‬
‫ن وا َ& آ‪ 0l‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ ‪D‬‬

‫ن ‪. ......... -*' p 81 @C 3/+‬‬

‫‪ .11‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ 6‬ء‬ ‫‪ٍ * K‬م‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا!‪ِ *C‬‬ ‫ق‬
‫ب ا‪ِ َ َC‬‬
‫أ‪ِ Z .‬‬

‫ن 'ُه‪:‬‬
‫ج آ‪ @*  0l‬آ َ‬
‫‪m= %&' .12‬و َ‬
‫ت‪ً( 31 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً( 26 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً( 21 .‬‬

‫ ا<) (ِ‪.‬‬
‫ن ا&‪ َ V ِ(1‬ر‪ِ ,‬‬
‫‪ِ 9 A‬‬
‫‪ Wَ  .13‬آ ‪p‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ 0ُ R‬ااد ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪َ('ZR‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪َ &H‬ة‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪َ(L‬‬

‫‪43‬‬
 ‫
‪:‬‬
‫‪ .14‬ه) `&‪ ِ@*' &ُ َ!ْCُ1 ٌ&t ٌK1‬و" َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ($‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪ِ &H‬ة‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪ ِ V‚ .‬ا* ِ‬

‫ل ‪ُ َ ْ!َ,‬ة ا!)"‪.ِ7‬‬
‫‪ K‬آ‪ -*' 0l‬أ`&"‪ُ )= %&' ِ@ِL‬‬
‫‪ُ *1 .15‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ 0ُ R‬ااد ُ‬
‫ت‪ُ &% .‬ة‬ ‫ب‪ُ H' .‬ة‬ ‫أ‪ُ % .‬ة‬

‫‪. .......... 7‬‬

‫ف أنْ ‪m1‬دا َد ‪ُ 1m‬‬
‫‪ .16‬آ
ْ ا& ُة =< ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا& ِم‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪G‬ا ِم‬ ‫ب‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪.‬د ِ‬

‫ن ]&ًا‪.‬‬
‫‪ .17‬أ ‪ِ )$Gَ ) '&%‬ر ‪ ِ(*a+‬ا<! ِ‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫إذنْ ‪k‬آ) ُ‬
‫ت‪Z .‬ر ً‬ ‫ب‪ً a4 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً   .‬‬

‫ن )ا ِ& ا‪.‬و\ ِد "‪ ٌW‬آٌ ‪:ْ3%‬‬

‫‪ .18‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪d9‬وي‬ ‫ج‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا‪ِ C‬‬ ‫ع‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪ِ )H‬‬

‫‪Which of the following statements is incorrect? .19‬‬

‫أ‪ ُo)!= .‬ا(ُ ا‪َ(8‬‬
‫‪44‬‬
 ‫ب‪ ُo)!= .‬ا‪ ُ(8‬ا(َ‬
‫ت‪ ُo)!= .‬ا‪ َ(8‬ا(ُ‬

‫ن ِ*رآ(ِ‪.‬‬
‫ب ‪َ )=k1‬‬
‫ن ا‪".‬ر ُ‬
‫‪ .20‬آ َ‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫‪َ )=k1 r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ ً‬
‫ت‪ِ("dG*ِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ِ(n !*ِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ِ(8*ِ .‬‬

‫س ‪. ........ ,‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ )*a‬‬
‫ب ‪َ )C$1‬‬
‫ن ا‪".‬ر ُ‬
‫‪ .21‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪َ َa‬و ِة‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪ِ(8‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا(ِ‬

‫ب ه&‪:ً(1‬‬
‫س ا‪".‬ر ِ‬
‫‪ُ )*, -ْCُ= .22‬‬
‫ف‬
‫ت‪ِ )$*ِ .‬‬ ‫ق‬
‫ب‪ِ dG*ِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪uِ .‬و\ ِد‬

‫ق ذآَ َ ا) ِ&‪.‬‬

‫‪ 7‬ا‪ُ dG‬‬
‫‪D َ .23‬‬
‫ش‬
‫ت‪ .‬ه‪ 0‬وا‪ِ H‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬واه ِ‪0‬‬
‫ب‪ِ  .‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ش وا ِ‬
‫أ‪ِ H .‬‬

‫‪.(d‬‬
‫„ )‪ً Cِ,‬‬
‫ق "&ْ ‪D +‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ dG‬‬
‫ف أ‪ ٌ&+‬إنْ آ َ‬
‫‪ُ C1 \ .24‬‬
‫ا‪ ُ(*9‬ااد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ً(+ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً d` .‬ة‬ ‫أ‪ً(G8 .‬‬
‫‪45‬‬
 ‫ن‪.‬‬
‫ج أ‪ &+‬ا‪َ H‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ُ G‬‬
‫‪َ C .25‬‬
‫ت‪ ْ$G1 ْ0 ُ@. .‬اه َ‪0‬‬ ‫ل ‪ ,‬و‪ِ@ِ t‬‬
‫ن ا) َ&  َ‬
‫ب‪D . .‬‬ ‫أ‪ % 0 D. .‬أ') ُ ا &‪َ(1‬‬

‫‪46‬‬
Reading & Translation Exercise 9D"‫اءة وا‬D=‫ ا‬CD9P
Read the following sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to them. Give the tape to your teacher
together with your translation.

.ِ@, K
ُ َ:َ‫ُ@ُ و‬%!G‫@ُ و‬pِGُ Dُ‫ آ‬.1
.&ِ 2‫ن ا‬
ِ /R ‫ف‬
ُ D َHَ!َ= ُ(al)‫ أ‬.2
.‫ƒ اَ) ِم‬
ِ a , &ِ 1&‫@ِ ا‬2ُ+ ْ3' ََV‫ أ‬.3
.‫ح‬
َ ُ‫ ا‬3
َ َ‫ و َده‬
َ  ‫َهً أ‬% ‫ق‬
ُdD G‫ج ا‬
َ َ V‫ أ‬.4
.&DGُ% 
2 ‫َ(ِ ا‬dِ ْ3ِ% ُ@D‫ ُ أ‬1&ُ‫' ا‬D&َ1 .5
.ً ِ& ُ% ‫ ًِ أو‬4 ‫ن أ )ه ًَ أو‬
َ ‫ آ‬% .6
.ِ@ِ=+ , 3
ِ َ=D َ% ‫ ًة أو‬D َ% E
D َ+‫@ُ أ‬D‫ أ'!َِ ُ& أ‬.7
.‫ * ٍم‬K
َ 2*َCُِ ً +‫ أ‬7
َ ِ")َ‫ُ ا‬1&َ` A
p ِ6َ!/َِ1 .8
. َ!َ‫ درا‬A
َ ِ9ُ= ْ‫&ُه أن‬1ُ1‫ زا
ْ  *@ َ(ً و‬% .9
.ُ!َ1&َ% ْ‫هَ َ&ت‬Z % A
َ t‫ْ أ‬3ِ% ‫ج‬
ِ ‫وا‬Dm‫*َ(ُ ا‬a+ ْ
‫ آ‬.10

Unit # 3 (3) ‫اة ر‬

ِ :‫ ا‬
ُ W‫ز‬

47
 ‫
‬
‫‪ 7‬أ‪َ %‬م َ ِ‬
‫‪ I‬ا‪R‬ا‪t 0D j ،2*L‬ى وو"َ َ‬ ‫ل ' (ِ ا ِ‬ ‫ب ‪َ )+‬‬ ‫دا َر '‪)Z‬ر ا‪U‬و ُ‬
‫‪ .‬آ
ْ [ا=ُ@ُ‬ ‫‪ K‬أ‪َ %‬م ا‪ ِo $‬ا‪R‬ا‪2 *L‬‬
‫'&ن‪D % ،‬دًا ‪G ِ@1&1‬ذا ِة آ!‪ ِ@ِa‬و ‪D‬دًا ا‪َ 1‬‬
‫ج ‪:01+‬‬‫وه) ‪ُ &2 Gُ= 0ُ ُ1‬‬
‫
‪t‬ي!‬
‫‪ -‬آُ‪)َ1 ْA‬مْ وا َ‬
‫ل ا)ر"(َ و"َأ ‪ *' %‬‬
‫‪ٍ  7‬ة ‪ ِ@t ْ3%‬و‪D&%‬ه ‪)ZC‬ر‪ ،‬ا‪U‬ي =و َ‬
‫ج ‪َ 8 01+‬‬
‫أ‪َ V‬‬
‫ف وأر" ٍم ور‪%‬ه ‪:ْ01G‬‬
‫‪+ ْ3%‬و ٍ‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪)t‬را ‪ ......‬أ‪)t‬را ‪ ....‬أر‪" ْ&1‬وش ‪" ......‬وش!‬
‫ن "و‪ًZ‬؟‬
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‫‪ -‬وه‪َ C1 ْA‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫=* َ‪)Z' W‬ر إ@ِ ِ‪d‬ه(ٍ و" َ‬
‫‪48‬‬
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‫‪t‬ى '‪)Z‬ر ‪ ,‬ا< ِ‪ُ ! 1 0‬‬
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'&ن ا‪U‬ي " َ‬
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‪ Wَ L‬ا ِ‬
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‫ن!‬
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‫‪ E‬ه‪ ِ U‬ا‪1m‬ر ِة‪.‬‬
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‫‪ِ -‬ذا =‪&' 1 ُ 29a‬ن؟ ُر ‪/!= D‬ء ُ‬
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‫‪49‬‬
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أ=د ُ‬
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‫‪ r‬إ‪ -‬هُ! ‪&1‬و ذ َ‬
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‫ك =‪ &ِ )ِ 0ُ!*C, ِ ٌ/a‬اِ‪ِ39/‬؟‬
‫ه‪َ &َ ' ْA‬‬
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ا=آُ@ُ‬
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‫ن "&ْ ه َ‬ ‫ت آ َ‬‫
أ)ي إ‪َ $+‬ر ُ ‪ً /%‬ء‪ُ &' + ْ39 .‬‬ ‫وآ ُ‬
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وأ‪ُ V‬‬
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‫ƒ َ َ& ‪D‬‬
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و َ‬
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‫ث‬
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‫ت وأ‪ٍ ْ+‬د‪.‬‬
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‫ي ‪.&ٍ 1&t‬‬ ‫‪) 1 )َ!َ™ , I‬د Š‬‫‪ &َ ِ ً( 3‬أ‪ َ/a‬أ"*‪ُ C= ً(D‬‬
‫ا<`(َ ِ‪ \ ،‬أنْ ‪َ )C‬د ‪َ /V &َ C‬‬
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‫‪3‬‬
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‫إ َذنْ ‪ 1Gَ4‬ا‪ !1GD$‬أ\ =َ‪ُCH‬و َ‬

‫‪50‬‬
 ‫ب ‪%‬‬ ‫ن هو َ‬ ‫ق و‪ٍ )H َ CZ‬ة دا‪ .ُ@َ*V‬إ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ 01+ A‬ر ًة وو‪ٍ  -*' ً " Wَ 4‬‬ ‫أ‪َ CZ‬‬
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‫
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‫ب ا! أ'ه @َ إ‪G‬ق ‪َ &<!, ُ@َ/ d% َ D] +‬م‬ ‫ ا‪َ )G‬‬
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‫ف ‪&ِ +.‬‬‫ن إ‪G‬ق ‪&D t ً V‬اً‪ ،‬و\ ‪ &ُ َC!/ُ1‬أنْ ‪َ )1‬م ‪ ِ(*C‬ا‪ٍ !V‬‬ ‫‪ ً )+‬أُ‪V‬ى‪ .‬آ َ‬
‫ن ‪ُ !Cُ= ُ@َ=k,9%‬‬‫ع ‪&+  %‬ثَ‪ ً(`V ،‬أ ‪D‬‬ ‫ب ِ‪ ْ3' -D*<!1 ْ3 ) , .ِ@ِ/a‬ا)‪ِ )4‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ C‬‬
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‫ض ا! =‪َ!َ*9H% ْ
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‫وأ‪ ،ِ%\ž ْ
D/+‬إ ‪D‬‬

‫‪51‬‬
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إ‪ -‬ا ِ@ِ ‪ ،%‬ا ِ‬
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‫ج‪ % َ [ .‬إ‪ُ -‬أ‪ ِ@2%‬ا!‬ ‫ه‪ % Dm‬رأَ@ُ ِ‪1R‬بِ‪ ،‬وأ‪&' Uَ V‬ن ا‪ َ(8‬و‪َ V‬‬
‫‪ ْ
َ/*t‬وه =‪َ&1 Wُ َ$‬ه '*‪2&V -‬ه و==‪ -*'  ِ')9ِ mُ 9‬رُآ!ِ ‪ ُ ُ1 ،‬و‪.ًََ+  ُ t‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫‪َ )C1 ْ3َ*َ, ،*'m= \ -‬د هُ ‪.ً(j‬‬

‫‪52‬‬
 ‫=َ‪.ِ@, ْ
َD َa‬‬
‫‪% ،% -‬ذا !‪ُACa‬؟‬
‫\ إذا ' َد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،ًnZ A‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ ْ3 -‬أ‪َ C,‬‬
‫ن‪.‬‬
‫€ ا‪َ T‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% r‬ه‪U‬ا ا‪ِ 1&G‬‬
‫‪َ -‬د'ْ َ‬
‫‪ٍ()a 3‬‬ ‫‪ ِ@1&1 B‬اُ**!َ ِ‬
‫‪ A‬وا"‪[G*ِ ً a‬تٍ‪َ /% ،‬‬‫و‪&' Wَ 4‬ن ا‪ َ(8‬أ‪َ %‬م ا‪D l .ِo $‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ƒ `‪  َZ .ً!%‬ا‪H‬يَ‪ ،‬وا![ َ '&ن أنْ ‪k!/1‬ذ َ‬ ‫آ
ْ ‪ً *ُ%‬ة '*‪ -‬آŠ‪ &َ D َ= ،‬و‪َ *t‬‬
‫ك‪َ& .‬أ ا‪ُ}6‬‬
‫ل ‪ -*' ً " Wُ $1‬قٍ‪ ،‬و\ ‪ &ُ 1ُ1‬أنْ ‪َ D G!1‬‬ ‫ف‪ % ُ@D9 .‬زا َ‬
‫ا‪ ُo $‬و‪َ 81‬‬
‫ع در‪ِ(t‬‬ ‫‪ A‬د"(ٍ =ُ ‪ ْ3% &ُ 1m= p‬ار=‪ِ a‬‬
‫ل @ُ؟ و‪%‬ذا ‪ُ&1ُ1‬؟ آُ ‪p‬‬
‫‪k1‬آ*َ@ُ‪ .‬هَ‪ُ  ْA‬دُ؟ ‪%‬ذا ) ُ‬
‫ل أ‪ًV‬ا‪:‬‬‫"َ*َِ@ِ و][ِ@ِ‪َ " .‬‬
‫‪. , A‬‬‫ف أ‪ً&+‬ا ‪ُ C1‬‬
‫‪ Wَ % A‬او‪ ِ(%‬و‪ ْ3‬أ'‪ ،َA‬و\ أ' ُ‬ ‫‪َ $+ 1 -‬ة ا‪ ،ِo $‬أ \ أ' ُ‬
‫ن َِ ِ&آُ‪ ْ0‬ا ‪ُ )D‬ة‪ .‬إ‪dِ!+‬لٌ! هَ‪ْA‬‬
‫ن! أَ!ُ‪ 0‬ا‪َ T‬‬
‫‪ٍ %k I‬‬
‫ن ‪ُ .+ ,‬أ=ُْآ) أَ' ُ‬ ‫أُر‪ &ُ 1‬أنْ أآ) َ‬
‫ك ِ ًء ََ؟‬
‫ن هُ َ‬
‫=‪ &ُ !C‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫[ َ ا‪ ُo $‬إ‪ ِ@ِ!' -‬و َ ‪ -*' ِ@ِC`k‬ا‪ِ &$‬ة أ‪.ُ@َ%%‬‬
‫‪ K‬وأ!ُ‪)4 0‬فٌ‬
‫ب‪Š +‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أ`‪ُ G‬‬
‫\‪ُ G .‬‬
‫‪ / 3‬ا‪ً d!+‬‬
‫
‪ْ<ُ%‬ءٌ ‪&' 1‬ن‪ .‬أو\ً‪ُ G ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ َ‬
‫'&‪.‬‬
‫ي‬
‫ف! أ ‪p‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪َ )$‬‬
‫ض و`ْ ‪ُ G‬‬
‫ب ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫ف اَ‪َ )ْC‬رةِ‪ ،‬و`=ُ‪ 0‬أ`‪َ G‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% 0ُ!nِt -‬أا ِ‬
‫‪ K‬ه‪U‬ا؟‬
‫‪ٍ ِْَ%‬‬
‫‪.7‬‬
‫‪ , Wُ ُِ \ 3‬ذِ‪ ،َr‬و‪Hِ ْ39‬طِ أنْ =‪),ِC‬ا ‪&ُ+‬و َد ا‪ِ $‬‬ ‫‪ -‬أ!ُ‪)4 0‬فٌ‪ ،‬و‪ُ G‬‬
‫ن ا َ& ا! =!َ ‪.0ُ9ِ=&َ '/ِ &p‬‬
‫ُ‪َ )p$C!, ،-/ُG 0ُ9ُ*%C‬‬
‫خ ِ‪ d‬ا!ِ‪ٍ :‬ء!‬
‫ل وا‪َ )H‬‬
‫ل وا‪َ /2‬ء وا‪َ a.‬‬
‫‪ِ`Gُ= -‬وَ و=َ!*)َ آ‪ ُU‬بِ‪ ،‬ا‪َ t‬‬
‫  ‪U‬ا ا‪ِ d9‬م‪ْ0ُ9َ .‬‬ ‫ك \ دا' َ‬ ‫ج! أر‪َ )t‬‬
‫‪ !-/ُG ً(*%C% r‬ه‪U‬ا ‪ ٌKِَ% ً D+‬أ' َ ُ‬ ‫و=ُ‪ 2َ/‬ذ َ‬
‫ا&‪% p‬وآَ(ٌ '*‪ !0ُ9‬دَ') ‪ٍ dَ ,‬م‪.‬‬

‫‪53‬‬
 ‫‪ ْ2=)= \ -‬أ'‪ ،َrَ 8‬إه&أ!‬
‫
أو ‪-!+ ،َ
*C,‬‬
‫ن ‪َ *ُ"  ُ% 0ُ9C%‬‬
‫
‪ ْ3َ .‬أ=‪C‬و َ‬
‫‪َ& َ= ْ3َ -‬أ أ'‪6ُ= -!+  8‬د َر ه‪U‬ا اَ َ‬
‫ك!‬
‫‪ .r‬إ ‪ D' ْ&ِC‬أر‪َ )t‬‬ ‫) "!*!َ وإ  آ‪َ U‬‬
‫‪ , B‬ا ‪ِ(1‬؟‬
‫‪ -*' 3‬اا ِ‬
‫‪ !r‬أ=ُاه ُ‬
‫ƒ َ‪َ َ/ْa‬‬
‫ ه‪U9‬ا! \ =َْ َ‬
‫‪D *' &D !ْGَ= \ -‬‬
‫‪ .E‬إ!َ َ!‬
‫‪ُ ِ/9َ! -‬‬
‫‪ d‬ا‪َ /ِ! R‬م‪.‬‬
‫ل ‪ً ِCَ!aُ%‬‬
‫
'*‪&' ِ l -‬ن و" َ‬
‫‪ 0D j 7‬ر ‪َ D‬‬
‫ه ‪ 01+ mD‬رأَ@ُ أآ‪ٍ % ْ3% َ َ:‬ة‪ .‬و"َ َ‬
‫\‪.‬‬
‫‪ً + 3‬‬
‫ن أ‪َ /+‬‬
‫ن‪ُ .‬ر ‪ , D‬ز‪1‬ر= اد‪ُ )9! ِ(َ%‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪َ T‬‬
‫‪ُ =k -‬آُ َ‬
‫ن‬
‫ف أ‪َ )a/ 0ُ D‬‬
‫ن! )‪ ُ@ُ*!1‬ه ‪% ،ِ@ِ! ,‬ذا ‪&G‬ثُ؟ ‪ُ C1‬‬‫ب ا‪ِ )َ9‬‬
‫‪َ 1 A‬ر ‪D‬‬
‫‪%‬ذا ‪ُ Ca1‬‬
‫ل ‪:ِ@ِ/a ,‬‬
‫
و‪ ُ@َ)*!1‬ه) و'‪َ " .ُ@َ!*L‬‬‫اَ َ‬
‫‪!r‬‬
‫‪)*َCaَ*َ, -‬ا ذِ َ‬
‫ف‬
‫‪ ُ  &= 3‬ذ‪ ،َr‬و‪ُ C1 .ً nZ Uَ 2aُ1 ْ3َ ُ@D9‬‬ ‫‪ ْ3% .ُ@ 3‬اُ‪ِ 9‬‬ ‫‪ A‬اا‪َ ,‬‬‫‪ ُ@ُِ9ُ1‬أنْ ‪ ُ@َ*!1‬و‪َ !1‬‬
‫ل‬
‫‪ A‬اَ‪َ /= .ِ َH‬ء َ‬ ‫ض وآُ ‪D‬‬ ‫ت وا‪.‬ر َ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪)/‬ا ِ‬ ‫‪ ُ &D t 3‬وأ ُ‪ ،‬و‪َ C‬‬‫َ‪ِ .ُ@َ/a‬ذا؟ ه) ‪َt‬نٌ! ‪َ C‬‬
‫ƒ  ُ‪ 0‬أنْ‬ ‫ن أ‪َ َ ُ@َ:%‬‬ ‫‪ٍ Hِ B‬ء‪ .‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ , K‬ه‪U‬ا اَنِ‪ , ،‬ه‪U‬ا ا*َ ِ&‪ .‬إ‪ُ ُ*81 \ ُ@D‬‬ ‫ذا ‪َ ِ*ُV‬‬
‫ف "ُ&را=ِ@ِ وإ‪ ِ@ِ=9%‬و‪G1 0‬ولْ أنْ ‪ُ@َ U1‬‬ ‫‪ ،ِ@*' K‬و‪ُ C1‬‬ ‫‪)HC1‬ا‪ .‬أ‪ &ُ ' ُ )V‬ا‪ُ ِaHُ1 019‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ƒ ‪m1 % .ِ@ِ)l‬ا ُ‬ ‫
‪َ ْ9' ِ@V.‬‬ ‫‪ .‬وه) ‪&D !1 ْ0‬مْ ‪ً )V‬ة ِ‪َ ِ:‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪2 /‬‬‫أو ‪ِ C*ِ ُ &D H1‬‬
‫‪ -D!+ .7‬ا‪ُ "&`.‬ء! َ‪)2 َ9ُ1 ْ0‬نْ‬ ‫ج ِ*‪ ِ(1ِC‬وا‪ِ C‬‬ ‫‪ ُ '1‬آ‪&C‬ن ا‪ ِ 68‬ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ !G1‬‬
‫‪ُ@' 7‬‬‫ن ‪ ِ@ِ/a‬و=ُ<َ‪َ 2a‬‬ ‫
ا‪&D 2H‬ةِ‪َ )9%  D:1 ،‬‬
‫ت ‪ Wُ !/1 ً(D+‬أنْ ‪َ  *' &َ !C1‬و"ْ َ‬ ‫`&ا" ٍ‬
‫‪.ُ@ُ*29ُ1 K‬‬
‫‪ .d‬آ*‪ ،ِ&ِ 1 ْ3% ُ@p‬وا‪ mُ َC‬وا* ُ‬‫ل ‪ًmِt' ًaCَ4‬ا ‪ً ِZ,‬‬ ‫و=‪ % .ِ &ِ ِ Uَ Vk‬زا َ‬
‫‪ ٍ(1 7‬و‪ -!+ .ُ@ ٍ(,2H% ٍ(1‬ا‪ ُ@ُ"!Z‬إ‪-‬‬ ‫ك أ ُ‬
‫ق '&ن إ‪ -‬اَ)تِ‪ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫‪ُ !H1‬‬
‫‪.A‬‬
‫ن ‪ْU1 ْ0‬ه‪ِ ََC*ِ  , ْE‬‬
‫‪ِ %)1 .3‬‬
‫‪, A‬ر]َ ِ‬
‫‪ K‬و‪ٍ 9Z‬‬
‫ت ا‪!Z‬قٌ ‪ِ ,‬رغٌ‪ -C/1 .‬إ@ِ ‪ٍ 1‬‬
‫ا) ِ‬
‫=!َ َ‪:0‬‬
‫ƒ ا! ُرآ‪ , ْ
َ2‬دا‪!*V‬‬
‫‰ '*‪ -‬ا‪ ،ِAC‬و'*‪ -‬ا‪ِ a‬‬
‫‪ ُ(Cَ -‬ا ِ‬

‫‪54‬‬
 ‫ '*@ِ `'ِ(ٌ ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ /‬ء‬
‫ج ‪)V , ُ D:C!1‬ا=ِ@ِ‪ .‬آ‪p َْَ= ) -D!1 ْ0‬‬
‫‪ A‬ر ًة و‪َ V‬‬ ‫أ‪َ َCZ‬‬
‫
‪.ُ@C%‬‬
‫ت وآ‪ٍ j &ٍ ')% -*'  Dk‬‬‫‪ِ &' A‬ة )ا ٍ‬ ‫‪ .ِ@Cُ1 D% ُ@ُG1!,‬أ*‪ @*' poG= ُ(C‬آُ ‪D‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ن و‪&,‬ا َ‬ ‫ن ‪ 0 % ُ8‬ا‪َ )/‬‬ ‫ن آ َ‬‫ن وا‪َ )18‬‬ ‫ب ا‪.‬رد) َ‬ ‫‪ َ9+ 3‬ا‪ُ C‬‬ ‫‪َ + -‬‬
‫ إزدا َد ا)‪) Wُ 4‬ءً‪،‬‬ ‫ل ا‪ِ 6‬‬ ‫
‪ 0ِ 9+‬ا‪ِ d!+R‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬و=‪َ G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ ُ/.‬‬ ‫ت و=‪َ 9‬‬‫ا‪ ِ(1G‬وا‪ِ d!C‬‬
‫‪ E‬وا‪ِ d!.‬ء '*‪ -‬ا‪.‬را‪4‬‬ ‫ل وا!ه ِ‬ ‫ت ا‪2 U‬‬‫‪ A‬وا‪ِ  4.‬د وأ‪t‬اءا ِ‬ ‫‪Dt‬ا َء ا! ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬اُ‪ .ِ(G*/‬و‪&1‬و‬ ‫ت اُ‪َ )!/‬‬ ‫ل و'‪ِ  8‬‬ ‫ت ا‪ِ d!+.‬‬ ‫وا!*‪9‬تِ‪ ،‬ا! =رُ  ")ا ُ‬
‫ن ه‪ ً`)% ًH‬و‪ َ D6!= ْ3‬ا‪ُ )%.‬ر‪ .‬أ!‪ُ ِa6‬‬ ‫ل ‪ُ )9 @,‬‬ ‫أ‪ -*' َ*8+ ) -!+ ُ@D‬ا!‪ٍ d‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪ A‬و‪ُ H‬‬ ‫‪ A‬و‪k‬آ ُ‬‫‪ُt I‬ءَ‪ُ C ،‬‬‫‪ 3‬أنْ ‪َ C‬‬‫‪َ /*, E‬‬ ‫‪ُ CZ 3‬‬ ‫‪ُ G  A‬‬ ‫‰ ا‪ ْ3% !0َ [C‬أ‪ِ $,.‬‬ ‫ا َ‬
‫ك "&ْ ‪!1‬آ)َ ‪ .ِ+ ,‬أَو ُر ‪0j !\ D‬‬ ‫‪ A‬آ ‪ ،ِ0L‬و\ ‪ٍ H ُ 29a‬ء أ‪Uَ‚ !َ V‬ا َ‬ ‫و!َ ُ‬
‫‪ ،3‬و=‪&1k‬ه ‪R‬ا‪ AL‬أ'‪-‬‬ ‫ب وا‪َ */‬‬ ‫‪ A‬إ\ ا‪َ C‬‬ ‫ب أ‪ُ != \ 91%‬‬ ‫ه‪+ U‬و ُ‬
‫ل‬
‫‪ A‬و=‪ُ )G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬و=‪ُ !G‬‬ ‫ن وه =! ُ‬ ‫‪!/% A‬ةٌ ‪ ِoُV ,‬ا‪ِ !R‬‬ ‫و`)ار‪ . G=  ُ<1‬إا‪ُ L‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ق أ ‪ 1G4 0‬ا‪R‬ره ِ‬ ‫ل ز‪)*Ct & .ً1‬ا ا‪ُ &81 0َ C‬‬ ‫ع ]‪َ m‬ة ‪ َ 9/C%‬ا'! ٍ‬ ‫" َ‬
‫ف ‪ْ3% ْ
*!" %‬‬ ‫ل أ‪َ C4‬‬ ‫‪ ْ3% A‬ا‪ِ /‬ء وا‪ِ a.‬‬ ‫ن اا‪ AL‬إره (ٌ =! ُ‬ ‫وا‪ ُ(G‬ه أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪.ِ(/*a‬‬ ‫‪ Wِ t‬ا‪ِ L8a‬‬
‫‪&' r‬ن ‪ ٍ(1‬ه‪ ٍ(D1!/‬وه) ‪ , ُ /1‬ا‪ 0َ َ!َ= 0D ُj ،ِK1‬آ‪:ُ@َ/a 0ُ 2*9ُ1 ُ@Dk‬‬
‫‪َ G4‬‬
‫
‪ً 1)% ًt‬‬
‫ك ِ‪َrِG‬؟ آُ َ‬
‫‪ َ ] r‬ه‪U‬ا؟ ه‪= ْA‬آ) َ‬
‫ل ‪َ ِ=+‬‬
‫
=‪) ُ@ُ*َCa‬ا َ‬‫‪ -‬و‪ %‬ا‪U‬ي آ َ‬
‫ƒ ‪ ,‬اه و\ =!‪ , 0ُ D*9‬ا‪.ِ(/‬‬ ‫\ '&دًا ‪&G%‬ودًا ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪"&`.‬ءِ‪ُ *= \ ،‬‬ ‫فإ ‪D‬‬
‫\ =‪ُ C‬‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫
أر َ َ‪Dَ% W‬ا ٍ‬
‫‪َ ُِ r‬‬
‫و‪َ Wَ %‬ذِ َ‬
‫ ا ‪D‬رةِ‪pm , ،‬وا أآ!‪ 0ُ َ,‬و‪)$%‬ا ‪D ُ َ .0ِ ِ1 ,‬‬
‫
إ@ِ ‪ُ C‬‬ ‫‪ٍ &D Hِ r‬ة‪ .‬إ!َ‪َ َa‬‬
‫أ‪ُ G$1 Uَ V‬‬
‫‪ r‬اَ) ِم‪.‬‬
‫ُوِ َ& '‪)Z‬رٌ ‚‪ َ 8' ُ َV‬ذ َ‬
‫ ا‪D2"6 (ِ :G‬ف‪ :%,W .‬إ‪-‬ان ‪W‬را‪(115-110) .C6! -$"A‬‬
‫أ‪!\ D9 9‬ه‪) ،‬ز‪ُ W‬‬

‫‪Questions about the text‬‬ ‫أ  ا‬

‫أ‪ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أ‪ ْ $%‬ا‪ ِ #‬ا"!‪:‬‬
‫‪55‬‬
 ‫‪ 3‬وُ َ& '&ن؟‬
‫‪ .1‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ن أ‪ُ@ُ*%Cُ1 ُ )V‬؟‬
‫‪ 7‬آ َ‬
‫‪ .2‬آ َ‬
‫ن أ‪&' )V‬ن ‪ُAC1‬؟‬
‫‪% .3‬ذا آ َ‬
‫‪ .4‬آ‪ 0‬أ'‪)ZC 01+ -‬ر ا‪U‬وبِ؟‬
‫‪&' 3‬ن؟‬
‫‪ .5‬آ‪ً D % ْ0‬ة ُِ َ‬
‫‪% .6‬ذا =‪&' -D‬ن أنْ ‪ِ@*' َo/1‬؟‬
‫
'&ن؟‬
‫‪ .7‬آ‪ً % ْ0‬ة ‪ َ $+‬ا‪ ُo $‬إ‪ِ َ -‬‬
‫‪&' A‬ن ا‪ َo $‬وه) ‪ِ@ِ!َ ,‬؟‬
‫ث ) "! َ‬
‫‪% .8‬ذا ‪ُ &ُ G‬‬
‫‪ 0ُ َ9+ 3‬ا‪C‬بُ؟‬
‫‪َ + 3‬‬
‫ل ا‪َ /*a‬‬
‫ن ‪ُ +‬‬
‫‪ 7‬آ َ‬
‫‪ .9‬آَ َ‬
‫ن أ ) ‪ُAC1 01+‬؟‬
‫‪% .10‬ذا آ َ‬
‫ل '‪)Z‬ر؟‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪ُ 68‬ر ‪َ )+‬‬
‫‪ .11‬ذا ا! ‪D‬‬
‫‪ % .12‬رأي ‪& 01+‬و(ِ ا&‪1‬ا‪ِ(D‬؟‬
‫ب اُ ‪ِ(ّ%)2‬؟‬
‫‪ E‬اه! ِم إ‪G‬ق ‪ِ )ُG‬‬
‫‪ُ  % .13‬‬
‫‪ِ .14‬ذا أو`‪&' -‬ن إ َ@ُ؟‬
‫‪% .15‬ذا " ‪َ &D‬م '&ن ِ‪ ِ@ِa$‬ا‪ِo $‬؟‬
‫‪ِ R A‬ذ ا )دِ‪ , ،‬رأي ‪01+‬؟‬
‫‪ % .16‬ه) ا‪p G‬‬
‫‪&' B‬ن ‪ِ(َ)a ِ@1&1‬؟‬
‫‪ .17‬ذا ‪َ َ/َ%‬‬

‫ب‪ +,- .‬أم ‪/‬اب؟ أُآ"ُْ ‪ /‬أُآ"ُ‪ $%‬ا‪ 89‬ا‪ !3456 +,7‬ا‪.012‬‬

‫‪56‬‬
 .ِ(/‫ ا‬, 0ُ D*9!1 ُ@D9‫ اه و‬, ƒ
ُ *1 \ ‫ن '&ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.1
.‫ق‬G‫ ه) إ‬%/ ‫ر َة‬2&َ<ُ‫ب ا‬
َ )ُG‫ ا‬-'‫ي أ‬U‫ أ‬.2
"!ْ0ُ9*' ٌ(‫وآ‬% ،p&‫ْ ا‬0ُ9" ‫ق‬GR ‫ل '&ن‬
َ " .3
.‫& َر ِة‬2 <ُ‫ب ا‬
ِ )ُG‫ل ا‬
ِ ‫ْ =و‬3% ‫ت‬
ٍ ' &َ C ‫ق‬G‫ْ 
ِ إ‬3% % ‫ب‬
َ ‫ ه‬.4
.01+ ‫ر ِة‬1‫ل ز‬
َ dV ْ0D*9!1 ‫<جْ أو‬1 \
D ‫ْ ا @ِ أ‬3% ‫ '&ن‬E
َ * .5
".

َ َ‫ أُ] ِد َر ا‬-D!+  8'‫ْ =َ &َأ أ‬3َ" 01G ‫ل '&ن‬

َ " .6
.‫ي‬
َ H‫ب ا‬
َ ِ َZ ْ‫ َ& أن‬C ‫
'&ن‬
َ  01+ ‫ك‬
َ = .7
.‫ض‬
ِ ‫ر‬.‫ت وا‬
ِ ‫)ا‬/‫ِ وأ  ُ وا‬o $‫& ا‬D t ‫ '&ن‬3
َ َCَ .8
.‫ن‬
ِ 9‫ن وا‬
ِ %m‫ا ا‬U‫ ه‬, &َ ِ‫ل '&ن ذا و‬
َ ‫ َء‬/= .9
.
2 /‫ ا‬A
ِ C*ِ ُ V‫ب أ‬
َ U1 ْ‫ أن‬019‫ولْ ' ُ& ا‬G1 ْ0 .10

Functional Expressions :;!5‫!رات ا‬%:‫ا‬

!r
َ َ*َْ' ْ‫إْ!َ<ْ ِ&م‬ Use your brain!

.‫ل‬
ُ )"‫ أ‬% ‫ي‬
D &َ َ ƒ
َ  I have nothing to say.

‫ْ ٍد‬+‫ت وأ‬

ٍ DD/َ+ ‫ن‬
َ ‫دو‬ without hatred and sensitivity

.3
ِ ْ%.‫ َ) ا‬aَ` ُ 29َCُ= disturb peace & security

!1GD$‫ ا‬1Gَ4 ْ‫ إ َذن‬3

ُ G We are then victims of victims
‫ِ؟‬D$‫ ا‬E
ِ ِk! ‫ن‬
َ ‫ُو‬CHَ= \‫ أ‬Don’t you feel guilty?
‫َ&اَ(ُ؟‬C‫ وا‬K
p َG‫ ا‬3
َ 1َ‫أ‬ Where is justice and rights?

57
3
ِ َ‫ب ا‬
ُ ‫]ُا‬ omen of evil

!ْ0ِ‫ه‬, Understand!

.ً ََ+  ُ t‫ُ ُ و‬1 Her face sweats with anger.

.‫ن‬
َ T‫€ ا‬
ِ 1&G‫ا ا‬U‫ْ ه‬3ِ% r
َ ْ'‫ َد‬Stop this kind of talk now.
!‫ن‬
ٍ %k I
ُ 'َ‫ُأ=ُْآ) أ‬ Let me live in peace!

ٌ‫ُ<ْء‬%

َ ‫أ‬ You are wrong!

‫ْ) َر ِة‬Cَ‫ف ا‬
ِ ‫ْ أْا‬3ِ% 0ُ!nِt You came from every corner of the
glob

‫ا؟‬U‫ ه‬K
ٍ ِْَ% ‫ي‬
p ‫أ‬ What kind of logic is this?

.r
َ ِ‫ ذ‬, Wُ ُِ \ 3
ُ G We have no objection to that.

!‫ب‬
ِ  ُU‫=َ!ُ*)َ آ‬ You kill us like flies!

‫ ٍء‬:ِ!‫ ا‬dِ without exception

!‫ج‬
ُ '‫ٌ أ‬Kِَ% ً D+ ‫ا‬U‫ه‬ This is truly a lame logic!

!ْ‫ إهْ َ&أ‬،َrَ 8ْ'‫ْ أ‬2=)= \ Don’t get intense, calm down!

!‫ك‬
َ )t‫ أر‬D' ْ&ِC ‫إ‬ Stay a way from us, please!

!r
َ َ/ْaَ ƒ
َ ْَ= \ Don’t forget yourself!

!‫ا‬U9‫ ه‬
D *' &D !ْGَ= \ Don’t be so angry with me!

!‫ن‬
ِ )َ9‫ب ا‬
D ‫ َر‬1 Oh, God of the universe!

‫& ِة‬D 2H‫

ا‬
َ ْ"‫َو‬ time of crisis, need

58
 !\ D ‫أَو ُر‬ Or may be not!

.َ(َ)َ َ<‫ب ا‬
َ َ َC‫ َم ا‬D9ُG‫ ا‬3
َ َCَ He cursed the Arab traitorous rulers

Grammar ‫أ=ا‬
1. Every verb in Arabic has at least one verbal noun, known as ‫ َ& ُر‬8َ‫ أ‬. Its usage
is roughly equivalent to the English infinitive or gerund. Simply, it indicates the
action or process expressed by the verb. Examples are:

to stand, act of standing ٌ7ْ"‫ َو‬- 7

َ َ"‫َو‬
to eat, eating ٌAْ‫ – َأآ‬A
َ َ‫َأآ‬
to think, thinking ٌ9aَ= – َ D9َ,
to employ, employing, employment ٌ‫ إ!ِ<ْ&ام‬- ‫إ!َ<ْ َ& َم‬
2. The verbal noun is extensively used as a verbal complement.

I cannot stand up .ِ‫ْ ا)")ف‬3ِ% 3

ُ D9ََ=‫\ أ‬
.َ3ntŸ‫ْ ا‬3ِ% ٍ َ‫ ا!ِ<&ا ِم 'َ& ٍد آ‬-*' ُ(َ%)9ُG‫'َِ*َ
ْ ا‬
The government worked on employing a large number of refugees.

3. Where the Arabic verbal noun corresponds to an English infinitive or gerund, it

will almost always be definite.

Thinking of this matter is difficult. .ٌEْCَ` ِ(D$َ‫ ِ ا‬Uِ ِ ُ 9aD!‫أ‬

4. One of the most common uses of the verbal noun is called Cognate Accusative
Kَ*ُ‫)ل ا‬Caَ‫ أ‬. This typically Semitic linguistic construction gives added emphasis
to the verb. It has to be the verbal noun of the verb itself and is usually followed by

59
an adjective. Both the verbal noun and its adjective have to be indefinite and in the
accusative case.

I thought of the matter for a long (time). .ًd1)َ ‫ًا‬9aَ= ‫ع‬

ِ )4)َ‫ ا‬, ‫ت‬
ُ D9َ,

Drill # 1 ‫ول‬#‫ ا‬CD9"‫أ‬

Please use the phrases in the Functional Expressions list in good sentences.

Drill # 2 $E!F‫ ا‬CD9"‫أ‬

Please choose the correct options.

.ِ &ِ َِ ‫ن‬

َ ‫و‬UVk1‫`&" ُء '@ُ و‬.‫ ا‬7
ُ 2aَ<ُ1 .1
:r‫ ذ‬-C%
ِ@*' ‫ن‬
َ )p$ََ1 .‫ت‬ ُ@َ‫'ِ&و‬/ُ1 .‫ب‬ ِ@َ‫ن إ‬
َ )َC/َ1 .‫أ‬

.‫ح‬
ٍ َ` A
D ُ‫طٍ آ‬Hِ ِ@ِ*' -‫ إ‬A
ُ ُt‫ ا‬-C/َ1 .2
:)‫ف ه‬
ِ ‫ ] ُ اُا ِد‬A
ُ Cِa‫أ‬
0ُ ِ!َْ!ُ1 .‫ت‬ E
ُ َ‫ه‬Uَ1 .‫ب‬ Hَ1 .‫أ‬

.‫ ِء‬D/‫ْ ا‬3% ........... ِ@*َ' 

D ََ= ْ‫ '&ن أن‬-Dََ= ْ0َ‫ آ‬.3
:)‫ ه‬E
ُ ِُ‫! ُر ا‬VR‫أ‬
ٌ(َِ'` .‫ت‬ ٌ‫َ َ)ة‬V .‫ب‬ ٌ‫ َرة‬1‫ ز‬.‫أ‬

60
‫‪ 3‬أنْ ‪k1‬آُ*)ا و‪) َHَ1‬ا و‪)*ََ!َ1‬ا ‪. .......‬‬
‫‪َ /ِ*ِ, A‬‬
‫ل ‪.‬ه ِ‬
‫ت ا‪ِ d!+R‬‬
‫‪ُ ُ*ُ &ُ 1ُ= .4‬‬
‫س‬
‫ت‪ .‬آ‪ِ D‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬آَ ‪0ِ ِL‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬آ ِ‪W‬‬

‫ش ‪ ِ!َ1&% ,‬ا‪6D8‬ةِ؟‬

‫
‪ Wَ ِL‬اِ ِ‬
‫‪َ .5‬أَ‪َ /‬‬
‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪C‬آِ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫
‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ`َ&‪َ "D‬‬ ‫ت‬
‫ب‪َ .‬أ=َ َ‪U‬آ‪َ ْD‬‬ ‫
‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ=َ‪َ /‬ءْ َ‬

‫ف إ َ‪t 0‬رِه‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ْ
َ" .6‬ا‪Dm‬و‪ ُ(َt‬إ‪ً Cِ,  D‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ C= \ d‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫اُا ِد ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬دا‪ًِL‬‬ ‫\‬
‫ب‪ً + .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً(َ+ .‬‬

‫ت ‪.ٍ
ِ,V‬‬
‫‪ A‬إ‪ٍ )8ِ ِ@ِ!ََ+ -‬‬
‫ث ا‪ُ ُt‬‬
‫‪َ &D َGَ= .7‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫ƒ ذ َ‬
‫'‪َ 9‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ َ" .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪ٍ َt .‬‬ ‫ل‬
‫أ‪ٍ ' .‬‬

‫(‪.‬‬
‫ع ا‪ُV) ِ(D8‬ا‪ ,‬‬
‫ن ‪َ )4)%‬‬
‫‪ .8‬أ'!ُِ ُ& أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ] ُ اُِ ِ‬
‫أُ‪C‬آِ ُ‬
‫ي‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ"!ِ‪8‬د ‬ ‫‬
‫ب‪ .‬وا"‪ C‬‬ ‫‬
‫أ‪ + .‬‬

‫‪61‬‬
. ............ ‫ن‬
َ )9َ1 ْ‫ أن‬3
ُ ِ9ُ1 \ ْ‫ إ َذن‬.ٌoِV A
َ ُtD ‫ن ا‬
D‫فأ‬
ُ ِ '‫ أ‬.9
ًَt .‫ت‬ ‫&ًا‬Cَ .‫ب‬ ‫رًا‬D&َ<ُ% .‫أ‬

:)‫ '&ن ه‬3

ِ \ ‫& َر َة‬2 <ُ‫ب ا‬
َ )ُG‫ ا‬-'‫ي أ‬U‫ أ‬.10
% .‫ت‬ ‫ق‬G‫ إ‬.‫ب‬ 01+ .‫أ‬

. ......... , ‫ُ '&ن‬o $‫ زا َر ا‬.11

ِ@V‫ن أ‬
ِ ‫ دآ‬.‫ت‬ ِ@ِ!َ .‫ب‬ ِ@ِ!9% .‫أ‬

. ......... ‫ ُِ& ِة‬A

ِ َC*ِ ‫ْ '&ن‬E‫ه‬Uَ1 ْ0 .12
‫ع‬
ٍ )ُ‫ أ‬.‫ت‬ 3
ِ َ%)َ1 .‫ب‬ ‫ت‬
ٍ ' ِ H' .‫أ‬

.ِ(َ/‫ ا‬, 0ُ D*9َ!َ1 ‫ اه أو‬, ƒ

ُ ِ*َ1 .... ‫ن '&ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.13
ْ3َ .‫ت‬ \ .‫ب‬ ْ0َ .‫أ‬

The Arabic Verbal Noun ‫&ر‬8‫ أ‬does not correspond to: 14

a. The English gerund

b. The English adjective

62
 ‫‪c. The English infinitive‬‬

‫‪.0ِ َِ[Cُ% ْ3ْ% 3‬‬

‫ب ‪ ْAَ ،َ3/*ِ,‬أ‪َ َ/+‬‬
‫ش ا ) ُد َوَ‪ِ َ َ' َo‬‬
‫‪َ ' .15‬‬
‫ب‪:‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ َ C‬‬
‫‪ r‬د‪ ٌA‬وا‪ ٌBِ4‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫ذ َ‬
‫ت‪DَZ .‬دوهُ‪0‬‬ ‫ب‪)*َ%' .‬هُ‪-/ُG 0‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إ‪&َ َ4‬وهُ‪0‬‬

‫‪ 3‬أي ‪ 01+‬أ‪:ْ0ُ D‬‬

‫‪ُ k% .16‬ة ا‪َ /*a‬‬
‫ض ا! ‪ 'D&1‬ا ) ُد أ‪َ )')َ%  D‬دةٌ َ ُ‪.0‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬و‪&ِt‬وا '*‪ -‬ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫ ‚‪َ َV‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ G‬ة ‪2 ' &ٍ * ,‬‬
‫ب‪َ )C!/1 \ .‬‬
‫ل 'م ‪1967‬‬
‫
ا‪ِ dِ!+R‬‬
‫ن =‪َ G‬‬
‫ت‪2ُZ .‬دوا ‪ ْ3%‬أر‪' 0 ِ4‬م ‪ 1948‬وو" َ‪ W‬ا") َ‬

‫
!‬
‫‪َ& = ْ3َ .17‬أ أ'‪ِ 6ُ= -D!+  8‬د َر اَ َ‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫ل ذ َ‬
‫أ‪U‬ي " َ‬
‫ت‪)Z' .‬ر اَ‪U‬وب‬ ‫ب‪ .‬زَو‪&' ُ(َt‬ن‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ ) ‪%‬‬

‫‪:‬‬
‫ل '&ن ِ*‪ ِoِ $‬ا‪R‬ا‪2 *L‬‬
‫‪َ " .18‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ƒ َ‪َ َ/a‬‬
‫أ‪َ َ= \ .‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ب‪ ْ2=)= \ .‬أ'‪َ َ 8‬‬
‫‪ , A‬او‪ِ(َ%‬‬
‫ت‪ \ .‬أَ' ُ‬

‫‪63‬‬
 ‫ل '&ن '‪ ِ@ِ/aَ ْ3‬إ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ُ )1 \ .19‬‬
‫ت‪ٌ7َ4 .‬‬ ‫ب‪)ٍ َُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪َt .‬نٌ‬

‫‪ &َ C 7‬أنْ أ‪. ........ ْ3% ُ@َ9َ/%‬‬

‫ '‪)Z‬ر ِ‪ٍ ُC‬‬
‫ي ا‪R‬ا‪p *L‬‬
‫‪ &D َZ .20‬اُ& ‪p‬‬
‫ت‪ِ &2 َV .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬آَ!ِ‪ِ@ِa‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬آ)'ِ@ِ‬

‫
'&ن وزو‪ ِ@ِ!َt‬وا ِ@ِ‪:‬‬
‫ن  ُ‬
‫‪ .21‬آ َ‬
‫„‬
‫ت‪ ْ3% .‬اُ‪ ِoG‬إ‪ -‬ا<َ* ِ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ب‪ 0D<ُ% , .‬اŸ‪َ nt‬‬ ‫أ‪,1 , .‬‬

‫ل ‪&C 01+‬ن‪.‬‬
‫‪َ " % .22‬‬
‫ل دوَ(ٍ‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ"ْ 'َ*  أ ‪D‬و َ‬
‫ض‬
‫ب ‪ ِ U‬ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫ب‪ .‬و'َ& ا ‪ُ D‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ‪u!%‬تْ "ُ*) ُ ‪ْ0ُ9َ ً(DَGَ%‬‬

‫ل ا‪.‬ا‪،2*L‬‬
‫ت ا‪ِ d!+.‬‬
‫ن ‪ِ ُ*ُ Wِ %‬‬
‫ل '&ن إ‪C!1 ْ3 ُ@D‬و َ‬
‫‪َ " %&ِ' .23‬‬
‫‪:01+ A‬‬
‫إ‪َ َCَ!,‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪َ}َ6‬‬ ‫€‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا‪َ 1&َG‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪َ /ِ! R‬م‬

‫‪64‬‬
 .3
ِ %.‫ َ) ا‬aَ` ............ ......... ُ 29َCُ= \ .24
‫وا ُة‬/ُ‫(ُ وا‬D1ُG‫ ا‬.‫أ‬
‫ث‬
ُ ‫&ا‬+.‫ وا‬A
ُ ِ"dَ‫ ا‬.‫ب‬
‫ ُد‬+.‫ت وا‬
ُ DD/G‫ ا‬.‫ت‬

25. For Hollow Verbs (C2w/y), the Active Participle A'a‫ ا‬0ُ ‫ إ‬pattern is FAA’IL

with ………. taking the place of C2 in all cases.

a. FatHa

b. Kasra

c. Hamza

Drill # 3 H!F‫ ا‬CD9"‫أ‬

.‫& ٍة‬t A
ٍ t 3
ِ 1)9!ِ ‫ت‬
ِ *9‫ ا‬E
َ == ‫ َأ'&ي‬/ ْ&ِ'‫ َأ‬.‫أ‬
.&ُ )‫@ِ ا‬2%‫ ُأ‬E
ِ ِt -‫َ[ُ ُ إ‬1 -‫هَ(ٍ إ‬dِ ‫س‬
ِ D‫ƒ ا‬
َ َ*َt .1
.َ 29َCُ= ‫ق‬
ُ &2 َ8ُ 3
ِ %.‫ \ ا‬3
ُ ِ9ُ1 )َ aَ` ْ‫(َ َأن‬D1ُG‫ن ا‬
D ‫ َأ‬.2
.ً ِV ٌ&Cَ ‫ف‬
ُ ِ Cَ ‫ن‬
َ )9َ1 ‫ن‬
D ‫ أ‬dَ, A
َ ُtD ‫ أنْ ا‬3
ُ ِ9ُ1 .3
.‫ب‬
َ )ُG‫وا ا‬UَV‫أ‬ ُ@D. -aHَ!/ُ‫& َر َة ا‬2 َ<ُ‫ ا‬-‫إ‬ &َ َ)‫ا‬ ‫ل‬
َ ‫ =َو‬.4
.ْ0َ9َ"ُ ُ‫و‬ َ)ُ+‫'َ*  و‬ 0ُ!َ*َ َ'‫ار‬m% 0ُ9ِ=‫َا‬Cَ!/ُ% ‫ ِ!َ)ا‬.5
:َ(!‫ ا‬A
َ ‫آ ا‬2+ / ْ‫ك‬2 + .‫ب‬
65
 .@/a ‫ب‬C‫& ا‬+. ‫!ف‬V‫*( ا‬C ‫)م‬1 ‫& أن‬C!/1 \ .1
.A".‫ ا‬-*' ‫ 'ت‬HC
‫ ا‬, &)‫)ب ا<&رة "& = ا‬G‫ أن ا‬3l .2
.09"‫ و‬09=)!/%  *' ‫ار' و=)ن‬m%‫= و‬/ ‫) و‬+ -*' ‫!))ن‬/= .3
!‫)ف‬$‫ ا‬3G `‫رض و‬.‫ب ا‬G`‫ أ‬0=`‫ و‬،‫)رة‬C‫ أاف ا‬3% 0!nt .4
.‫ ا'!ل‬9/C% ‫ة‬m] ‫)ل "ع‬G= ‫!ن وه‬R‫ ا‬oV , ‫!ة‬/% AL‫ إا‬.5

Drill # 4 N6‫ا‬D‫ ا‬CD9"‫أ‬

Please choose the correct options and explain WHY.

. ......... َ(G‫ت ا‬
ِ "‫&ا‬D8‫ن ا‬
D ‫ل '&ن إ‬
ُ )1 .1
:)‫ ه‬E
ِ ُ‫! ُر ] ُ ا‬VR‫أ‬
ِ@ِ/a ‫ن‬
َ )9%  p:ُ1 .‫ت‬ 7
ِ C‫(ِ وا‬1C*ِ ‫ج‬
ُ !Gَ= \ .‫ب‬ ِ &ِ َِ Uُ ُVk= .‫أ‬

.ً '/ُ% َ(,6‫ ]د َر ا‬.2

:ُ@D‫ أ‬r
َ ‫ ذ‬-C%

َ D ‫ ر‬.‫ت‬ mD َ‫ ه‬.‫ب‬ ‫ك‬

َ َ َ= .‫أ‬

.ً ََ+ ُ ُ1 ُ@ُ t‫ن و‬

َ ‫ آ‬.3
:ُ@D‫ أ‬r
َ ‫ ذ‬-C%
ٌ31m+ .‫ت‬ ٌEِ4] .‫ب‬ ٌ&C .‫أ‬

66
 ‫‪p .‬م ‪ ,‬و‪ ِ@t‬ا ِ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ْ
َD َaَ= .4‬ا ُ‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪: D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪ْ
َD9ََ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪ْ
َDCََ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ار=‪mَ 9‬تْ‬

‫‪َ&َ َ .5‬أ ا‪k1 ُ}6‬آ*ُ@ُ‪.‬‬

‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫ا‪ ُ ] 0ُ R‬اا ِد ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا ُ&و ُء‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا‪ُ َ$َ6‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪ُ ََG‬‬

‫‪&1 \ .6‬ري هَ‪ُ ُ َْ1 ْA‬د ُ ‪.ِ@ِ! ْ3%‬‬

‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪C‬آِ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪ِ@ِ E‬‬
‫ت‪ُ 2+َ ُ1 .‬‬ ‫‪ E‬إ@ِ‬
‫ب‪Uَ1 .‬هَ ُ‬ ‫أ‪ُ@َC% Wُ ِtَ1 .‬‬

‫‪ َ ََ .7‬ا‪ -*' ِ@ِC`k ُo $‬ا‪ِ &$‬ة‪.‬‬

‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬ااد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ق‬
‫ت‪َ .‬د ‪D‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬هَ&َأ‬ ‫أ‪َ D=)= .‬‬

‫ن‪:‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ر ُ‪ W‬ا ِ‬
‫ت‪( 100 .‬‬ ‫ب‪( 50 .‬‬ ‫أ‪( 25 .‬‬

‫‪67‬‬
 ‫ن ا ) َد =‪DH‬دوا أآ‪........ ْ3% َ :‬‬
‫‪" .9‬ل ‪ 01+‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ ' 4000 .‬م‬ ‫ب‪ٍ ' 3000 .‬م‬ ‫أ‪ٍ ' 2000 .‬م‬

‫‪ 3‬إ‪:0ُ D‬‬
‫ل ‪ ْ3' 01+‬ا‪َ /*a‬‬
‫‪َ " .10‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ`&ِ" ُء‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪ُ% .‬ا‪َ )ِ,‬‬ ‫أ‪)4 .‬فٌ‬

‫ب إ !ِ  إ‪ -‬ا‪.ِ(*aG‬‬
‫‪ ْ
" .11‬ا‪p .‬م إ‪ , Wُ ُ=  D‬ذه ِ‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪: D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪&p !G= .‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫ب‪)= .‬ا‪ُ ,‬‬ ‫ض‬
‫أ‪ُ !C= .‬‬

‫‪ d‬ا‪َ /! R‬م ه)‪:‬‬

‫ن ‪ً C!aُ%‬‬
‫‪ .12‬أ‪U‬ي آ َ‬
‫ت‪01+ .‬‬ ‫ب‪&' .‬ن‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إ‪G‬ق‬

‫ ه‪U9‬ا"‪.‬‬
‫ل   `&‪2&!G= \"  ُ1‬ي '* ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ " .13‬‬
‫إذنْ ه آ
ْ‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ً(4] .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً &Cَ .‬ة‬ ‫أ‪ً Vk!ُ% .‬ة‬

‫‪ E‬ه‪ ِ U‬ا‪."َ($‬‬
‫‪ ْ
" .14‬ا‪m‬و‪mِ ُ(t‬و‪ُ ُ/9َ!َ"  ِt‬‬

‫‪68‬‬
 ‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫‪ B‬ا‪َ($‬‬
‫ت‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ ُ /<َ .‬ا‪َ($‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬ا‪َ($‬‬
‫أ‪ُ /َ .‬‬

‫ع‪.‬‬
‫ن @ُ ا‪َ !tR‬‬
‫ƒ واُا‪َ ),‬‬
‫‪ َ $+ .15‬ا‪ُ L‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫‪ُ@C% 3‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬ه) وا‪َ 1U‬‬
‫‪ُ@َ)*%Cُ1 3‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ه) وا‪َ 1U‬‬
‫ن إ@ِ‬
‫‪[1 3‬و َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ه) وا‪َ 1U‬‬

‫‪. ........... ُ@D. ِ@*' K‬‬

‫ن ‪ُ t‬ر ُ ‪ُ ِaHُ1‬‬
‫‪ .16‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪ُ@pِGُ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ@ُ,ِ Cَ1 \ .‬‬ ‫أ‪َ 9َ1 .‬هُ@ُ‬

‫ƒ َ ُ‪ ْ0‬أنْ ‪)HCَ1‬ا‪.‬‬
‫‪َ َ A‬‬
‫ل ه‪U‬ا ا‪ِ t‬‬
‫‪ .17‬أ‪ُ :%‬‬
‫‪:, K‬‬
‫ƒ َ ُ‪ 0‬ا‪p G‬‬
‫‪َ َ r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ C‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪ِ C‬م‬

‫ل =َ'‪ -‬ا َ  آَ) ٍ& `‪.ٍ6‬‬

‫‪m= % .18‬ا ُ‬
‫ا‪C‬ر ُة ااد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫
َ@ُ‬
‫ت‪ُ ِ:ُ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ@ُ*%Cُ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ@ُ*ُ!َ= .‬‬

‫‪69‬‬
 ‫ب‪.‬‬
‫‪ 7‬أ‪َ %‬م ا ِ‬
‫ب وو" َ‬
‫‪t .19‬ى '‪)Z‬ر ا‪U‬و ُ‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُدا ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ج‬
‫ت‪َ &D َ+ .‬‬ ‫‬
‫ب‪َ .‬رآَ َ‬ ‫أ‪&D َ% .‬‬

‫‪ E‬ا)ر"(َ و"َأ ‪. َ*َ' %‬‬

‫ل ا ُ‬
‫‪َ= .20‬و َ‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ Uَ َV‬ا)ر"(َ‬ ‫ج ا)ر"(َ‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪َ V‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ'‪ -‬ا)ر"(َ‬

‫‪ 3‬إ‪ُ -‬أ‪dِ ِ@2%‬هَ(ٍ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Wَ D*ََ= .21‬ا‪ُ R‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪ ُ &َ َ1 &D َ% .‬إَ ‬ ‫‪ َ)َ+ 7‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬إ!َ ‪D‬‬ ‫أ‪ َ َ[َ .‬إَ ‬

‫‪ .22‬زا َر أ‪ V‬إ ! ‪ ...........‬و‪ِ )t‬د ِ ‪&6 ,‬ا َد‪.‬‬

‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ت‪D َ .‬‬ ‫ل‬
‫ب‪َ dِV .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ‪َ j‬ء‬

‫‪.7‬‬
‫ت وا‪ٍ ِt‬‬
‫‪ٍ )8ِ A‬‬
‫‪ 0َ D*9= .23‬ا‪ُ t‬‬
‫ت‪:‬‬
‫‪ٍ )8ِ r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬

‫‪70‬‬
 ‫ت‪&Gَ% .‬و ٍد‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ب‪ٍ ِLV .‬‬ ‫أ‪2 َ ُ% .‬د ٍد‬

‫‪.K‬‬
‫ '‪ ْ3‬ا‪ِ 1‬‬
‫‪ .24‬أزا‪ ْ
َ+‬اَأ ُة ا‪D ُ9‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬و‪ُ@!َCَ4‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ ‪ُ@ْ=&َC‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ@ْ!َ D َ" .‬‬

‫ن َ‪.ِ@ِ/a‬‬
‫ج ‪t‬ري إ‪ -‬زو‪َ )9% ........ ٍ(t‬‬
‫‪ُ .25‬ر ‪ُ !G1 D‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر ] ُ ا ِ‬
‫ت‪ ُG1ُ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ p:َُ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُِ<ُ1 .‬ه‬

‫‪71‬‬
Reading & Translation Exercise 9D"‫اءة وا‬D=‫ ا‬CD9P
Read the following sentences into your tape recorder, listen to them, and then give
the tape to your teacher to check your performance. Once you are done with
reading, translate the sentences.

.ْ0ُ9َ ً(Gَ% ُ )*" ْ‫ت‬u

َ َ!%‫ إ‬.1
.ٍ(1Cِ ُ@ُ*%Cُ1‫ 'َ*@ِ و‬K
ُ ِaHُ1 ُ )V‫ن أ‬
َ ‫ آ‬.2
.0ِ ِ1َ , ‫)ا‬$َ%‫ و‬0ُ َ,!‫ر ُة أآ‬D ‫ ا‬mD َ‫ ه‬.3
.3
َ /َ*ِ, , ,1 ِ(1&َ% , ُ 1&ُ‫ ُوِ َ& ا‬.4
.A
َ َ$,‫ أ‬A
ٍ 9َHِ ً Cَt I
َ Cَ ْ‫ِُ أن‬9ُ1 .5
.‫ل‬
p Up ‫ ُد وا‬p َHD!‫ ا‬Cَ1 ‫ذا‬% ‫ف‬
ُ ِ Cَ= \

َ ‫ أ‬.6
‫ي َ*َ ٍ& 'ََ Š؟‬
2 ‫ أ‬, ‫َ َة‬G‫ن ا‬
َ )Cَ!/َ= ْAَ‫ ه‬.7
.ْ0ُ‫َ ِ&ْآ‬$َ ْ0َ‫ْ َوََ و‬0ُ!Hِ'‫ و‬0ُ9ِ D+‫ َر‬.8
.‫ ِء‬D/‫ْ ا‬3% ٌ(َِ'` ِ@َ*َ' 
D ََ= ْ‫ أن‬-Dََ= ْ0َ‫ آ‬.9
‫—َ؟‬1‫ر‬D!‫! أ\ =َُأ ا‬K
Š َ+ ‫ب‬
ُ Gْ`‫ أ‬D‫ل '&ن "إ‬
َ " .10

72
 ‫‪UNIT # 4‬‬ ‫أة ر )‪(3‬‬
‫أ‪ -!a‬ا‪a1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫س ا‪َ 1&H!G‬‬ ‫ق ا[ َ إ‪ -‬ا ِ‬ ‫‪ 7‬اص‪ُ !/1 ،‬‬ ‫‪ً&Cَ 7‬ا '‪ِ ")% ْ3‬‬ ‫ب ا‪ِ C‬‬‫ن =)‪)!َ1 K,‬ارى "ُ َ‬
‫آ َ‬
‫‪' r‬د=ُ@ُ‪ % .‬أنْ ‪Wَ َ/1‬‬
‫‪ -*' 7‬ا`‪َ *!, ،ِ7‬‬ ‫\ ‪ =k1‬أ ) ُ ِ َ‬‫عأ ‪D‬‬‫ت ‪ٍ )/%‬‬ ‫' َ& ا)"‪ ،ِ7‬و‪ٍ )8ِ -D!1‬‬
‫س‬
‫ن ا َ‬ ‫‪َ )t2&َGُ1 7‬‬‫ق ‪+‬ر ِة ا` ِ‬ ‫ن ‪َ ),‬‬‫‪ A‬ا*&ِ‪&C1 ،‬و َ‬‫ع ‪ ْ3% ٍ َaَ ِ(G8‬أه ِ‬
‫زا‪َ )%‬ر اص ‪َ  1 -!+‬‬
‫‪ r‬ز‪ ً!1‬و\ ز‪ ُ@ُC1 ً)!1‬هكَ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ E‬إ‪ -‬ا&‪ُ ُ*1 \ ُ@D. ،ِ(1‬‬ ‫ت =)‪ِ 6 +‬ة‪ ُ ) k, .‬درًا ‪U1 %‬ه ُ‬
‫ ِ[ا ٍ‬

‫‪73‬‬
‫ق ِؤ‪ ِ(1‬ا&‪ ِ(1‬و) ‪ً D %‬ة‬ ‫ن =)‪ ،K,‬ه) ا‪ُ )D H!1 ُ VT‬‬ ‫
‪ ْ3%‬دآ(ِ ا* ِ&‪ .‬وآ َ‬‫آ أ‪!H1 ُ@D‬ي ‪ُ m*1 %‬م ا َ‬
‫ق @ُ ‪ .ُ@ُ/a‬و‪ً k,‬ة‬
‫‪ُ )!= % A‬‬ ‫ث '  ا‪.‬و\ ُد‪ .‬وآَ ‪ &D‬ذُهَ@ُ ِ!‪U‬آ‪ َ D‬آُ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا! ‪ُ &D G!1‬‬
‫وا‪&+‬ةً‪ ،‬آ ‪1‬ى ا‪َ LC‬‬
‫داهَ@ُ `)تٌ‪:‬‬
‫‪ K,)= -‬ا‪a‬رْ‪&D َ!ِ= ْ&1= ،‬نْ!‬
‫ل ‪ ً a2*9!ُ%‬ا‪َ \ُ%d‬ة‪:‬‬
‫ش ِ@ِ‪َ " .‬‬
‫ك أ‪ُ D َGَ!َ1 ُ@D‬‬
‫ق =)‪ , K,‬ا‪ ،28‬وأدر َ‬
‫‪َ &D َ+‬‬
‫‪ .\ -‬أر‪ ْ&1‬أ َحْ ِ*‪)!1Dm‬نْ‪.‬‬
‫ف أ")لْ ‪!ْr .‬‬
‫‪ -‬آَ‪DU‬ابْ‪ ،‬وا‰ْ ) َ‬
‫ل اسِ‪ ،‬وأ‪Uَ َV‬‬ ‫ه ‪ K,)= mD‬إ`‪ً&ِ')َ َ!ُ% ُ@َC‬ا‪ .‬دو‪D‬ى زا‪ُ )%‬ر اص‪ ْ
D &َ , ،‬ا‪G‬آ(ُ ‪ ,‬أو` ِ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪ A‬أ ) ُ '*‪ -‬ا` ِ‬ ‫‪ A‬اص‪َ .‬أَ ‪D‬‬ ‫س دا‪َ V‬‬‫‪ K‬و‪D &َ 1‬‬
‫=)‪ ،ٍ(Dَ8' , -DH!1 K,‬وهَ ‪ 0D‬أنْ ‪َ ِ*1‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫
‪&C1‬و ‪ ,‬اُ‪ِ C‬‬ ‫‪ K,)= A‬وا‪َ َ*َa‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أُ‪َ ِat‬‬
‫ن اآ َ‬‫ن ورا َء ‪ ِ ِ l‬و' ُ =َ!َ‪ِ Dَa‬‬
‫و‪&1‬ا ُ ‪)C%‬دَ= ِ‬
‫ن ‪ُ(j ِ@,‬‬
‫‪ .ِ@ِ E‬آ َ‬ ‫ƒ ‪َ َt‬‬‫‪)= -D!+‬ارى ‪ .ُ@َa*V‬و‪= D‬هَ
ْ إ‪ ُ(ََ*َt ِ@ِC -‬اص‪َ D/َG= ،‬‬
‫ƒ‪:‬‬
‫ن‪ ُ@َk َ+ .‬أ ) ُ ‪َ /%‬ء َأ‪ِ %‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪ِ )!1m‬‬ ‫ƒ أ‪َ t‬ة " ِ‬
‫د َ "‪ِ %.  َ$‬‬
‫‪&َ Cَ -‬كْ ‪َ 1 ْ
$ََ" %‬وَ&ْ؟‬
‫‪" -‬لْ  أ ) ه ‪ ،ْ3َ%)َ1 &C‬إنْ ‪َ Z‬ء ا‰!‬
‫‪ A‬اص ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪،ِ7C‬‬
‫ب '*‪ -‬أ @ِ‪ .‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫ب إ‪ -‬ا&‪ ،ِ(1‬وِ‪U‬ا ‪ ْ&,‬آ‪َ U‬‬
‫ن =)‪U 0ُ *G1 K,‬ه ِ‬
‫آ َ‬
‫ح‪:‬‬
‫ح ‪ !*9‬ذرا'@ِ و` َ‬
‫‪َ )D *َ,‬‬
‫‪ 1 -‬ربْ‪ ،‬إ‪!ْ7َِ1 ُ@*Ct‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا!‪U‬آ ِة آ
ْ ا !‪ٌ(%/‬‬
‫‪َ َj K‬‬
‫ل ا‪َ L/‬‬
‫‪ .7‬و‪ ,‬ه) ‪ُ1‬و ُ‬
‫=و َز ُ اص ‪ َ(َC$‬أ‪ٍ !%‬ر ‪َ D")َ َ= 0D ُj‬‬
‫‪ A‬اص‪:‬‬‫'‪m= % ٌ(D,t ٌ(Dَ8‬الُ ‪ ،ِ@َ!aZ -*' ً(َD*C%‬إر=‪)` Wَ a‬تٌ ‪ ْ3%‬دا‪ِ V‬‬
‫‪َ 1 3‬وَ&ْ؟  ‪ !0p َ' 1 ُ@ْm2‬ه‪U‬ا هربْ إ‪ -‬ا&‪ ،ِ(1‬وأ ) ُ ‪ ْEَ$61‬إنْ درى‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ƒ =)‪ , K,‬ا‪ &ِ C‬ا<*‪ ،a‬إ!‪ ْ
َ!َa‬إ@ِ ا‪%‬أةٌ و"َ
ْ‪:‬‬
‫و  ‪َ *t‬‬

‫‪74‬‬
 ‫‪ !V 1 -‬ا‪DD/‬راتْ ‪ْ&َ1‬هَ‪!ْrَْ/‬‬
‫ن =َ!َاآَُ‪،‬‬‫‪ % A‬آ
ْ اأ ُة "&ْ "
ْ‪ .‬أ‪ُ Z‬ر ا‪ِ )!1m‬‬ ‫ج وه) ‪!1‬ه ُ‬ ‫ق =)‪ َ ' K,‬ا‪ِ tm‬‬ ‫‪َ &D َ+‬‬
‫ت "=(ً‪.‬‬
‫‪ٍ  G ً a2*<ُ% K‬‬
‫ن اص ‪ ٍ(DَHَِ ُ ُ<Hَ1‬وه) ‪ &ُ C81‬ا‪َ 1‬‬ ‫ب رو‪ً&1‬ا‪ .‬آ َ‬ ‫وا‪Uَ= ُ(1‬و ُ‬
‫—‬
‫ب‪ ُ ِ/َ9ُ% 0ُ ُ$C .‬ا‪'.‬قِ‪ ،‬وا‪ُ H‬‬ ‫ت ‪ -*' ٍ(*9!ُ%‬اآ ِ‬ ‫ح =)‪)!ِ -D*/!1 K,‬ز‪[ Wِ 1‬ا ٍ‬ ‫ورا َ‬
‫ =)‪:K,‬‬ ‫ت ‪Š +‬د‪ .‬إ!َ‪َ َa‬‬
‫ث ‪َ t‬ر=َ  ِ‪ٍ )8‬‬
‫ذو ا*‪ ِ(G‬ا)‪ ،ُ0ِ!َ!ُ1 ِ(َZ‬وا‪%‬أةٌ =ُ‪ُ &2 G‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪ ،ُAt‬إ‪ ُ@D‬أ !‬
‫‪ -‬ذ َ‬
‫‪ , A‬ا‪.ِ(1‬‬
‫ƒ أ  ُ‪ .‬أ ) ُ ‪D َl‬‬
‫‪َ َ A‬‬
‫ن ا ‪َ ُtD‬‬
‫‪3‬أ‪D‬‬
‫ق ‪ ً(j‬و‪ ،ُ@َُ' Doَ%‬و'ود ُ ا &و ُء ‪ +‬أ‪َ َ1‬‬
‫‪َ &D َ+‬‬
‫‪ 3‬و‪.ُ ِj:ُ1‬‬
‫‪ُ 2V&ُ1 7‬‬
‫ل '*‪ -‬ا` ِ‬ ‫‪ 7‬ا‪)!1m‬نِ‪ % ) , ،‬زا َ‬ ‫وإذا ‪َ /1 ْ0‬حْ ا) َم  ِ‬
‫ل وا&ي‪ْ3+" ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ور ‪' D‬فْ أ‪C1 @2*َV .ْ
D&َ% 2‬فْ‪) .‬فْ أ`فْ وأ‪َ " !ْo/‬‬
‫ف ُ‪2&/‬د *&آ أر ‪ (C‬و‪!H‬ي *&ارْ آ‪ْ3% ْ3َ/‬‬
‫= ا‪ َ(:‬د ‪ 1‬وَ&ْ‪َ )/, ،‬‬
‫ل 'ي أر'‪ -‬ا‪ ْ0ََ6‬وأ"‪ ْ7‬ا‪)!1m‬نْ‪،‬‬
‫ا‪ "!ْ3G‬آُ‪ ْA‬ا‪.‬و\دْ زاروا ا&‪ ،َ(1‬وأ ) َ‬
‫وأ‪ ْ&8+‬ا‪ .ْB‬وا‰ْ ه‪!ً(H' ْ
/َ ِ U‬‬
‫ع‬
‫ع ا)ا ِ‪ ُ ِHَ!َ= W‬أ'&ةٌ ‪  َ")َ,‬أ‪d‬كٌ‪ ،‬و‪ َ(Dj‬راتٌ \‪ ٌ(َC%‬آ‪:‬ةٌ و‪)Z‬ار ُ‬ ‫'*‪ t -‬ا‪H‬ر ِ‬
‫ق درا‪ ،ٍ(t‬و'راتٌ =!‪&D 8‬رُه وا‪ t‬تٌ ز‪،ٌ( ٌ(tt‬‬ ‫ع ‪َ ),‬‬ ‫‪ r‬و&ٌ ‪ ُ C1‬ا‪H‬ر َ‬ ‫‪ .ٌ(َC!ُ%‬ذ َ‬
‫‪ٍ o , 7‬ء‬ ‫ن اص ‪ُ +m1‬‬ ‫ق ا‪.‬ر`‪ .ِ(a‬وآ َ‬ ‫ن ‪َ ),‬‬
‫‪َ D<!1 3‬‬‫‪ُ 9= \ 3‬د =‪ ُ ُ!/‬أ‪َ /t‬دهُ ‪D‬‬ ‫و‪/‬ءٌ أ‪)j‬ا ُ ُ ‪D‬‬
‫ج‬
‫ƒ =)‪ ُ@ََt K,‬وأ‪َ V‬‬ ‫‪َ D/G= .E‬‬ ‫ن =ا"ِ ُ‬ ‫€ =)"‪ ْ
aD‬وا‪ُ )C‬‬
‫ب ‪ ٌ(8!%‬وا‪+.‬د‪ُ 1‬‬ ‫س اآ ِ‬ ‫ورؤو ُ‬
‫ك‬
‫ن ُ)د َ‬
‫‪َ )p*/َ1 3‬‬
‫س ا‪َ 1U‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا* ِ& '‪ ْ3‬ا ِ‬
‫ث أه ُ‬
‫ق ا&‪ َ(1‬و` ‪ ،ُ@َ*1&%  *' D‬إذ ‪َ &G= %1‬‬ ‫ا‪.‬ورا َ‬
‫‪!3‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ُ َ ْCDH‬ة ‪ ْ3ِ%‬ا‪ِ َC‬‬ ‫‪p َ/ْَ= َ*:ِ%‬‬
‫‪-$% ُ@D9 ،ِ&ِ َ*َ A‬‬
‫‪k K‬ه ِ‬‫إَ‪ka‬تْ ‪+‬آ(ُ اص‪ .K,)= َo , ،‬دَ‪ ُ@َC,‬إ‪ ِ(H+) ُ@ُ/+‬أنْ ‪َ َ8َ!*1‬‬
‫ن‬
‫‪ .ِ@ِ 3‬إ!ََ
ْ ' ُ ِ)‪ ِ@t‬ا‪%‬أةٍ‪ ،‬و' َ‬ ‫ع ] َ ' ‪َ n‬‬
‫ن ‪ ,‬ا‪)H‬ار ِ‬ ‫و‪ً&+‬ا ‪ +‬ر‚هُ‪َ )p&1 0‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ن إ‪&+‬اهُ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬أنْ =‪َ )9‬‬ ‫\ ‪ , َ ُ[1‬و‪ ِ@t‬أ‪ ِ(D1‬ا‪%‬أ ٍة ‪ُ ِ9ُ1 \ ُ@D.‬‬ ‫ض و" ‪َ D‬ر أ ‪D‬‬ ‫ƒ رأَ@ُ إ‪ -‬ا‪.‬ر ِ‬ ‫‪َ D9 %‬‬
‫ل"‪ ،‬و‪ Wُ !/1 ْ3َ%‬أنْ ‪2َZ ْ3% ُ@َ8D*<ُ1‬ه ‚َ‪U‬اكَ؟ \ ُ ‪ &D‬أنْ =ُ‪ ُ@َ+d‬أ‪ 1‬ا=@َ‬ ‫ت ا‪ِ dG‬‬‫‪ِ  " ْ3ِ%‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا* ِ& ‪)/1 ْ0‬ا ‪ -!+‬ا) َم ‪t %‬ى ‪) W%‬إ ‪3‬‬ ‫‪ .A‬أه ُ‬‫‪َ ) E‬د ُ و=‪ ُ@َ1U‬ا)‪َ 1‬‬ ‫‪َ )= -!+‬د ُ أ‪ًV‬ا و= َ‬
‫‪ِ ) A‬د ِ ‪ُ@ْ! 4 0D j‬‬
‫ت ا‪G‬امِ‪ ،‬وأ‪UV‬تْ آ ‪D‬‬ ‫` ( ‪D َt +‬تْ ِر‪ ُ@َ*ْt‬وا‪&+‬ةٌ ‪ِ  ْ3% ،D3ُ %‬‬
‫ب ‪ -!+‬أ'َ
ْ َ‪.ُ َ َ8‬‬ ‫ ُ ِ‬
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‫‪75‬‬
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‫‪ ْ0َ9ِ -‬ا‪9‬سْ؟‬
‫‪ِ" 7‬شْ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ 8ِِ -‬‬
‫‪ً HِCَ!ُ% K‬‬
‫ب آ‪ ً k‬أ‪ ،ََ+‬وا* َ‬ ‫ت ' َد و‪َ ِ َZ‬‬
‫ب =)‪ K,‬آ‪ ً k‬أ`‪ ،ََa‬و ‪ &َ C‬أنْ ‪)V -H%‬ا ٍ‬ ‫‪َ ِ َZ‬‬
‫‪ .ً nZ 0َ َ aِ A‬اا‪ْ3ْ% ،ٌ(َGَ ُ(GL‬‬
‫‪ 7‬أ‪َ %‬م ‪Š G%‬‬‫ل ‪َ ), ِ@,‬ر ُ‪َ D")= .‬‬
‫€ '‪!1 0ٍ C% ْ3‬و ُ‬‫و‪ُ G1 -$%‬‬
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‫دو ِ‬
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‫ل ا‪َ t‬‬
‫= ‪َ &D‬م ‪ً )V‬ة و‪َ k‬‬
‫‪ % -‬ه‪U‬ا ‪2' 1‬؟‬
‫
‪t‬ي!‬
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‫‪ !,DَHَ= -‬أُأ‪ُْ%‬؟‬
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ْ "&‪ُ %‬‬
‫س ا‪H‬ي ا‪ , َ(::‬ا ‪ ُ@% ْ
+ ،-‬ا!‪ ٌ(َ=a‬إ‪U+ -‬ا‪ ِ@ِL‬ا‪ِ !C‬‬
‫ب آ‪َ k‬‬‫وه) ‪ُ H1‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪C‬ر‪.ِ(1‬‬
‫ن ا! ِ‬
‫ن دا‪ ُ@َ*ِV‬آ‪ِ 8]k‬‬
‫= َ&‪ِ D‬‬
‫ف أ‪!Z‬ي ‪U+‬اءْ وزوجْ ‪t‬ا تْ ‪)*+‬ة‪) ،‬لْ 'ي ‪ .ْ3 ْ!/ %‬وأ ‪ ٍ(tG‬إ‪ِ -‬لْ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ ) -‬‬
‫ƒ أ‪ ٍ(tG ُ@D‬إ‪[ -‬ر ٍة! و‪U‬ا‬ ‫ ِ‪ ٍ(َ*C‬واآ!‪ً &1&t ً j -/‬ة ‪ ِ(" ْ3%‬رأِ@ِ إ‪ .ِ@ِ%&" -‬وأ‪D +‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ف ‪1‬د‪ُ@1‬‬‫‪ A‬ا&‪ .ِ(1‬و‪ُ )C1 +‬د إ‪ -‬ا‪َ )/, ِ(1‬‬ ‫‪ A‬أه ِ‬
‫‪َ :% B‬‬‫‪ ْ&,‬ا‪!Z‬ى [رةً‪ ،‬و‪ ُ@Dk َ CZ‬أ` َ‬
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‫س أنْ ‪ َ <ُ1‬أه َ‬‫س "=)‪ K,‬أ‪&,‬ي"‪ .‬و\ ‪َ k‬‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫‪ A‬ا&‪ ،ِ@ِ ِ(1‬و‪61 0D ُj ْ3%‬د ُر‬‫‪ A‬أه ُ‬
‫ف ‪ َ(C$ ُ [!1‬أ‪ٍ 1‬م ‪َ 8!1 -D!+‬‬ ‫'‪ ْ3‬و‪ .ٍ(%َ!G% ٍ(al‬وإ‪َ ) ُ@D‬‬
‫ا* َ&  ‪.ًL‬‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫‪ ُ 2t1 A‬ا&را‪ِ t‬‬
‫€ '‪Š G% 3‬‬ ‫‪ُ G1 ٍ( K‬‬ ‫ق درا‪ .ِ@ِ!t‬وا* َ‬‫\ ‪َ ),‬‬‫‪ً Uَ َt K‬‬
‫ن ‪ُ َ'ْmَ1 ًD` Wُ !1‬‬
‫آ َ‬
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‫ن‬
‫ن ‪ma1‬و َ‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪َ 8‬‬‫ع ‪1‬ا" ُ‬
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‫‪76‬‬
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‫‪ .E‬وأ‪D +‬‬
‫ن ‪ٍ <` ,‬‬ ‫ن ‪)V‬فٍ‪ ،‬و‪َ )*1‬‬ ‫ت دو َ‬‫ق ا&را‪ِ t‬‬‫‪َ ),‬‬
‫ن ‪681‬وَ@ُ ‪ ,‬ا‪ ،23/‬و‪ ًCt 0ُ D9‬آو ِد ا‪+ .ِ(Z‬وَل أنْ ‪2mC1‬ي ‪ُ@َ/a‬‬ ‫‪ ،ِ@ِ*t‬و‚‪V‬و َ‬
‫‪:0َ َ!َ!,‬‬
‫ن '@ُ‬
‫ف ‪َ )/1‬‬
‫‪ -‬إي وا‰ْ‪ ،‬أي وا‪1 % ْ0 % ْ&+‬ؤ '*‪ -‬رآ)بْ ‪" IGَt‬أ ) ‪َ ) !"&C‬‬
‫ !‪k‬آ&ْ‪)َZ ُ@D. ،‬ص ور‪D,‬س‪ .‬أ‪ D%‬أ ‪.......‬‬
‫ف‪:‬‬
‫ع ‪)` ُ@َC‬تٌ ‪ t‬‬
‫و" َ‬
‫
وا"ِ‪ ....... ْ7‬أُأ‪!ُْ%‬‬
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‫‪ -‬أر‪ ْ&1‬أرآ‪ ْE‬درا‪.ً(t‬‬
‫‪ -‬ه‪ِ C= A‬فْ رآ)بْ ا&را‪t‬تْ؟‬
‫‪ -‬وا‰ْ أ'فْ‪ -*' ْ
*C= .‬درا‪ -/'" ْ(t‬ا‪G‬ج"‪ ،‬إ ِ‪.ْ&َ* ْ3‬‬
‫€‪:‬‬
‫ت !ِ ‪m‬ا ٍء و‪ٍ ُV‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا&را‪ِ t‬‬
‫‪ُ +` K‬‬
‫'*‪َ D‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ه) ا)مَ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ه ‪ ...‬درا‪ -/' ْ(t‬ا‪G‬ج‪ ،‬ا‪H‬بْ ا)‪ ْA1‬ا‪ .ْ.‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪ -‬إي وا‰ْ )‪ ْA1‬أْ ‪ , ¡َ)9ُ% ْA6!H1‬ا*&ْ‪ .‬ه‪ُ@ُ,C= ْA‬؟‬
‫‪ -‬أ"‪ ْ&ِ8‬ا‰ْ ‪ ْA2 /1‬أ‪%‬كْ‪ !ْ*6Z ْ1& 2*V .‬إذه‪ -/C ْE‬ا‪G‬ج‪ ،‬إ ‪&* ْ3‬آُ‪!ْ0‬‬
‫‪.ًِn!9ُ% K,)= E‬‬
‫إ‪َ G/‬‬
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‫ف أ=‪D&G‬ا أن ‪), ُ@َ=َ ُ ْ
:ُ1‬قْ ‪ ْIGt‬أ ) ‪.&C‬‬
‫ا‰ْ =‪َ ) ،ْ&* , ' ْ8‬‬
‫ƒ =<!‪ a‬ورا َء أ (ِ ا&‪ .ِ(1‬داهَ@ُ‬ ‫ل ‪ ,‬ا‪)H‬ارعِ‪ ،‬وا‪ُ H‬‬ ‫س =!‪$‬ء ُ‬‫=‪+ -*' َ}D‬آ(ِ ا ِ‬
‫‪ٍ Z A‬ء‬ ‫ف ‪. 9G1‬و\ ِد ا* ِ& '‪ ْ3‬آ ‪2‬‬ ‫ش ‪ ،ًd,+ ً %)1‬و) َ‬ ‫‪ُ )CZ‬ر ا‪)C‬د ِة إ‪  , ،ِ@ِ!1" -‬ه) "&' َ‬
‫ت‬
‫‪ Wِ ِ d‬ا‪ِ 1)*G‬‬‫‪¢ G% A‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬اص‪ ،‬و‪U= ِ@ِ1 ,‬آ َ أه*َ@ُ ‪َ V&,‬‬ ‫ع إ‪ِ ")% -‬‬‫‪ ,‬ا&‪ .ِ(1‬أ َ‬
‫‪ .3‬و‪!91 ْ0‬ثْ‬ ‫‪ ْ3% A‬ا‪d‬و ِة‪ ْ&َِ1 ْ0 .‬اص‪] ْ&, ،‬د َر ا&‪ Uُ % َ(1‬ز‪ٍ %‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ر ٍ‬ ‫وا‪!Z‬ى ‪َ 8‬‬

‫‪77‬‬
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!‪ َ+ 0َ /‬راود=ْ@ُ ‪9,‬ةٌ
‪k‬نْ ‪1‬آَ َ‬
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‫ِ*‪ِ L/‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ'‪ ْ78 ْr‬د‪1‬ر‪.‬‬
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‫‪E‬‬
‫‪ 7‬إ‪ -‬ا‪ِ 6‬‬
‫ƒ =‪ُ +m‬‬ ‫‪ K‬إ‪ -‬ا‪ ،ِ(1‬آ
ْ ا‪ُ H‬‬ ‫ع‪ .‬و'*‪ -‬ا‪ِ 1‬‬‫‪ K‬ا!آ‪ ُ C1 /‬ا‪)H‬ار َ‬ ‫إ* َ‬
‫ب آ‪،Š79ِ
ً Da‬‬
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‫ƒ =)‪ &D ُ
\ ُ )
k, ،ً($%] َ 'H% K,‬ا‪َ T‬‬ ‫`‪a‬ا َء ذا
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‫وُأ‪!0ُ ُ*َ= ُ@p%‬‬
‫ن ا)ا&‪ ،ْ31‬و=َ َآَ
ِ*‪!ِ(D‬‬
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‫‪A‬‬
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‪ &َ C‬أنْ
َ ‪َ UD‬ر أر
‪ َ(C‬د َ‪َ&
.‬أ ا& ُم ‪ُ D])!1‬‬‫‪ُ
1 7‬‬‫€ ‪ ْ3%‬ا!آ‪ /‬أ‪ .ٌِ=, ٌ3‬آ َ‬ ‫ن ‪ُ C1‬‬
‫آ َ‬
‫‪U1 ْ0 ُ@َ!َ .ِ@ِ/aَ E‬ه‪ ْE‬إ‪-‬‬
‫‪ِ k= , 3‬‬ ‫ن =)‪ُ ِCُ1 K,‬‬ ‫ب ا!آ‪ ْ3% /‬ا* ِ& آ َ‬ ‫‪ ,‬أ'"ِ@ِ‪ .‬وآ*‪ D‬ا"! َ‬
‫‪ A‬ا* ِ&‬
‫ف ‪ 0p ُ*َ1‬أه َ‬
‫‪ E‬و) َ‬‫‪ ْ3% K‬ا‪ِ $6‬‬ ‫ب ا‪ُ 91 ُ)
k, .ِ("C‬د ‪ُ *a1‬‬ ‫ا&‪ .ِ(1‬وذا ‪َ /ِ+ ْE/G1 ْ0‬‬
‫آُ*‪.ِ ِ 1mC= -*' 0ِ 2‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ن =)‪1 K,‬ا" ُ‬ ‫ت‪ .‬آ َ‬‫ت ‚\ ٍ‬ ‫ق ا<*‪ ،a‬وار=‪ُ C"" ْ
Ca‬‬ ‫‪ K‬ا‪&8‬و َ‬ ‫‪ B‬ا‪ُ L/‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬ا!آ‪ /‬و‪َ !,‬‬ ‫=)" َ‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪ , ْ
C!, ،َ(*C‬ذهِ@ِ ‪V‬ةٌ ‪ً &C
ْ&C= 0 ُ(1, ،ٌ(:V‬ة و
)‪ ِ@ِC‬أنْ‬ ‫‪ K‬وه) ‪p a1‬‬‫ا‪َ L/‬‬
‫ن ‪, ً 9 ُ%‬‬‫‪ K‬ا‪U‬ي آ َ‬ ‫ب ا‪ِ L/‬‬
‫‪ .K‬وأ‪ً [ -‬ة ‪U+‬ر ًة `) َ‬ ‫ƒ
ِ@ِ ا‪ُ L/‬‬ ‫ن أنْ ‪D G1‬‬ ‫ب دو َ‬
‫‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪:‬‬‫‪ 0ُ !!1 K‬وه) ‪ُ 1‬‬
)ه ‪ ْ3%‬ور(ٍ!‬
‫‪ Wَ  3‬ا‪َ L/‬‬
‫‪َ + A‬‬‫ج ا‪َ D 8‬ة‪ .‬وا‪U‬ه َ‬
‫س ‪ ُ &َ َ1‬وأ‪َ V‬‬
‫‪ٍ &1&t ٍ(*' E‬ة‪َ .‬د ‪D‬‬‫=آ ِ‬
‫‪)C*َ% -‬نْ أ
‫‪:K‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ L/‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪/‬رةِ‪ ،‬و" َ‬
‫ف ا‪َ D 8‬ة دا‪َ V‬‬
‫"‪َ U‬‬
‫‪ -‬إ*َ‪ 1 ْW‬أ‪ ،V‬إ!َ َ!‬
‫ن ا‪.‬و\ ُد‬
‫‪ -*' A‬ا‪ .ِ(1‬آ َ‬
‫ب أ ‪D‬‬‫ƒ =)‪ .ٌ(% ُ 'H% K,‬و‪ Wَ %‬ا‪6‬و ِ‬
‫آ
ْ =!*)‪D‬ى ‪ِ a ,‬‬
‫‪ 3‬و‪)"D&+‬ا
&ا‪،ِ@ِ*V‬‬ ‫ن '*‪ -‬ا‪ ،ِK1‬و‪ +‬أ
‪8‬وا ا!آ‪ /‬إ&‪)C,‬ا `)
َ@ُ ‪َ G18!ُ%‬‬ ‫‪َ )C*1‬‬
‫‪ ْ
*,‬أ`)اتٌ ‪&%‬ه‪:ٌ(H‬‬
‫‪78‬‬
 ‫‪ 1 -‬ا‰‪ K,)= ،‬ا‪a‬ر راآِ‪= ْE‬آ‪!/‬‬
‫‪ ْ3' 1 -‬ا‪ ،‬وهَ‪D[ ْƒِ
\ ْ0‬رة ‪ ْA:%‬ا‪!ِ(D1&,.‬‬
‫ب ‪ُ C1 +‬‬ ‫ن إ@ِ
' ٍ‬ ‫‪ A‬ا* ِ& [و َ‬ ‫ƒ أنْ أه َ‬‫\ أ‪ ُ@D‬ا
!‪ 0َ /‬وأ‪D +‬‬
‫‪K‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫ور] َ‪ % 0‬و َر ُ ‪ٍ *" ْ3%‬‬
‫ن أ
) ُ ] َ‬‫‪ 3‬أنْ ‪َ )91‬‬ ‫ن واهً‪ .‬إذْ ‪ُ ِ9ُ1‬‬
‫‪ ِ@ِ
E‬أ
) ُ أ‪ !ً $1‬و"&ْ ‪ُ )91‬‬‫ق‪ .‬و‪&1 ْ3%‬ري ‪ D
ُ ,‬أُ'ِ َ‬ ‫ا‪َ "m‬‬
‫ن أ
) ُ‬
‫
‪ .‬آ َ‬
‫ب ‪ ْ3%‬اَ ِ‬ ‫‪ E‬ا
ُ@ُ إ‪ -‬ا&‪ 0p ُHَ1 ِ(1‬ا )ا َء‪ .‬وا"! َ َ‬
‫‪ E‬و\ ‪] &ُ ِ1‬ا
(ً إذا ‪ %‬ذه َ‬ ‫]‪ٍ ِ4‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫ أ
) ُ ‪ً&D !Gُ%‬ا و" َ‬
‫‪ K,)= A‬ا‪)G‬شَ‪ ،‬إ!‪َ a‬‬ ‫ƒ '*‪ -‬ا‪ .ً/
' ِ(8‬و‪ +‬د‪َ V‬‬ ‫‪ُ *1‬‬
‫‪!d‬‬
‫‪ d‬و ً‬
‫‪ -‬أه ً‬
‫ل‪.‬‬
‫ق ‪Uِ
ِ@,‬ه) ٍ‬
‫‪ ٍ(1ُ% -‬و‪َ &D +‬‬
‫ب أ
) ُ
ِ< ً‬
‫‪ , K,)= E‬ا‪)G‬شِ‪َ !", ،‬‬
‫=َ‪َ D*َ8‬‬
‫‪ِ` -‬تْ أ‪&,‬ي‪)C*% 1 ،‬نْ ا)ا&‪ ،ْ31‬و\
ِƒْ [ر ًة!‬
‫ن أ
) ُ ‪.mُ DaَGَ!1‬‬
‫رَ‪ K,)= -%‬رأَ@ُ ‪ ,‬ا‪.‬رضِ‪ 
،‬آ َ‬
‫ت ‪ ْ(j‬دْ!‬
‫
‪ْrَ%)1‬؟ "ُ‪ ْr % ! ْA‬ا<َ
ْ؟ ه ِ‬
‫‪َ َ$" 3‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ح‪:‬‬
‫ب ا) َد ‪َ ` 0D j‬‬
‫وَ@ُ =)‪ ْ3% ُ@َCَ% -D= % K,‬ا* ِ‪ &D ' .£‬ا‪ُ .‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا"؟ آ‪&ِ
ْIC 7‬ونْ ‪%‬و(ٍ آ‪ ْA‬ه‪U‬ا ا‪!ْ H‬‬
‫‪ -‬أر
‪ ْ(C‬دْ! ‪ََ" 1‬تْ أه*َ‪ !ْr‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫ '*‪ -‬ا[‪D‬رةِ‪ ،‬و" َ‬
‫" َ‬
‫‪ِ` -‬تْ أ‪&,‬ي‪D[ ،‬رة و"šْ و
َ*)نْ!‬
‫ل
ِ‪:ٍ(Dَ8C‬‬
‫‪ + K,)= A‬رأى ا[‪D‬ر َة =َ!َ‪ &ِ 1 , 0ُ DَG‬وا ِ&ِ‪َ , ،‬‬
‫إ‪U‬هَ َ‬
‫‪َ 1 ْB‬ر‪ْrَ% !ْAُt‬؟‬
‫‪ -‬آَ‪ ! َ=َ/‬ه‪U‬ا ‪ّ 81 %‬‬
‫ق رأِ@ِ‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬أ
) ُ ‪mِ+‬ا‪ ُ@َ%‬ور‪َ ), ُ@َC,‬‬
‫إ َ
ْ '*‪ -‬و‪ ،ٌ(D1)" ٌ(Ca` ِ@ِ t‬و‪D +‬‬
‫‰ ‪ , ْA[= %‬داري‪.‬‬
‫‪/ِ r‬نْ ‪ !9G1‬إ‪V‬جْ ‪ ْ3%‬هُ! وا ِ‬
‫‪ -‬وَ َ‬

‫‪79‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫‪)َt A‬اِ َ‬
‫ف =)‪ ،ِ@1&1 , % K,‬وا!&ا َر هرِ ً وأ ) ُ ‪&ِ Cُ% ُ@ُCَ!1‬اً‪ ،‬و'ُ!(ُ ا‪ِ /‬ء =‪k‬آُ ُ‬
‫" َ‪َ U‬‬
‫ق‪.‬‬
‫ا ‪ِ "mp‬‬
‫‪)G%‬د ‪ mV ،Z‬ا‪ ،31VT‬دار ا‪ (,:‬ا&‪&1‬ة‪ ،‬اهة ‪ ،1990‬ص ‪59-53‬‬

‫‪Questions about the text‬‬ ‫أ  ا‬

‫‪ .1‬أِْ ‪ /‬أ‪ ْ $%‬ا‪ ِ #‬ا"!‪:‬‬
‫‪ E‬أ ) =)‪ K,‬إ‪ -‬ا&‪ِ(1‬؟‬
‫‪ .1‬ذا \ ‪U1‬ه ُ‬
‫ج ا@ ‪ ْ3%‬او(ِ؟‬
‫‪!H= 3‬ي '‪ُ !G= % ُ@ُ!*L‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% .2‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ب =)‪ -*' K,‬وا ِ&ِ؟‬
‫‪ .3‬ذا آ‪َ U‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ر‪ K,)= Wَ t‬إ‪ -‬ا‪ِ(1‬؟‬
‫‪ .4‬آ َ‬
‫‪' K,)= A‬دةً؟‬
‫‪ % .5‬ه) ' ُ‬
‫‪ % .6‬ا‪ُ H‬ء ا‪U‬ي \ ‪ُA" ْ3% K,)= ُ@ُ9*1‬؟‬
‫‪% .7‬ذا ا‪!Z‬ى =)‪. K,‬ه*ِ@ِ ‪ ْ3%‬ا&‪ِ(1‬؟‬
‫‪ — K,)= َ@DZ 7‬ا‪H‬ور‪%‬؟‬
‫‪ .8‬آ َ‬
‫‪ K‬ا‪)C‬د ِة ِ*‪ِ(1‬؟‬
‫ث ِ*‪/‬ر ِة ‪ِ 1 ,‬‬
‫‪% .9‬ذا ‪َ &+‬‬
‫‪k .10‬ي ‪ٍ Z‬ء ‪ َ+ K,)= َ D9,‬؟‬
‫ل ‪ٍ )1‬م وا‪ٍ&+‬؟‬
‫ف =)‪َ dV K,‬‬
‫‪ .11‬آ‪َ ` ْ0‬‬
‫ن =)‪" K,‬دمٌ؟‬
‫‪A‬أ‪D‬‬
‫‪ K‬ا‪ُ t‬‬
‫‪َ D*' 3‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% .12‬أ‪َ 1‬‬

‫‪80‬‬
 :0
ِ 12‫! ا‬3ِ45ِ6 َ+,7‫ ا‬8َ 9ُ‫ ا‬$%ُ"‫ أُآ‬/ ْ"‫اب؟ أُآ‬/ ‫ٌ أم‬+,- .2
.K,)= ِ a ‫) ِم‬1 , ‫ اص‬7
ِ ")% -‫ب إ‬
ُ .‫ ِء ا‬t .1
.‫&ًا‬1&t ِ(1&‫(ِ وا‬1‫ ا‬3
َ  A
ُ C1 ‫ي‬U‫ن اص ا‬
َ ‫ آ‬.2
.3
D ِ ِ/ َ(1‫(ِ و‬1&‫ َء ا‬/ K,)= E
p Gُ1 .3
.ِ(1&‫ ِء ا‬/ ْ3% ِ ‫ ) ِد‬-*' ً aLV K,)= ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.4
.ِ(1&‫ ا‬, ¡)9% ‫ج‬
ُ G‫ ا‬-/' A
ُ C1 .5
.ِ &ِ ‫ وا‬I
َ Gt E
َ ‫آ‬1 ْ‫ت أن‬
ِ t‫ ا&را‬E
َ +` K,)= ‫ى‬D&Gَ! .6
.‫ن "&ْ ]د َر‬
َ ‫ن اص آ‬
D . ‫ ٍة‬tُ‫ ر َة أ‬K,)= َ tk!‫ إ‬.7
.ِ@ِ!1" -‫)د ِة إ‬C‫ ا‬K
ِ 1 , )‫ ِ& ِم وه‬K,)= َ CZ .8
.َ(*C‫ ُ ا‬26ُ1 ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬%&' ‫ب‬
َ  1 ْ‫ أن‬K
ُ L/‫ َ ا‬D9, .9
.ِ@*' ًِ4] ُ &ُ ‫ن وا‬
َ )91 \
D ‫ أ‬Wُ D")!1 K,)= ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.10
.ِ(1&‫ ا‬-‫ ِ إ‬a/‫ْ ا‬3% K,)= Wَ 1 ْ‫ب أن‬
ِ ‫ ُ& اآ‬+‫ل أ‬
َ ‫و‬+ .11
.
2 '‫ن وا‬
ِ )!1m‫ل ا‬
ِ )+ , ِ@ِ*Cِ ‫&ًا‬C‫ ً و‬4‫ را‬K,)= ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.12
Functional Expressions :;!5‫!رات ا‬%:‫أ‬
.‫ن‬
ِ )!1Dm*ِ ‫ح‬
َ َ ‫ ُ& أ‬1‫أر‬ I want to go to the olive harvest

!‫ن‬
َ &D َ!َ= ْ‫ ُ& أن‬1ُ= You want to go to town!

‫ُ!َ َ)'ِ&ًا‬% ُ@َC`‫ إ‬K,)= mD ‫ه‬ He threateningly shook his finger.

‫ َ ِة‬6 +)= ‫ت‬

ٍ ‫ ِ[ا‬ with looks full of jealousy

‫ َوَ&ْ؟‬1

َ ْ$ََ" % ْ‫ َ&ك‬Cَ Boy, have you got paid?

81
 r
َ َْ/َ‫َ&ْه‬1 ْ‫رات‬DD/‫! ا‬V 1 My nephew, the cars may run over you!

!ً(H' ْ
/َ ِ U‫‰ ه‬
ِ ‫وا‬ By Allah, this is not “good” life!

!3
ِ َC‫ْ ا‬3ِ% ‫ْ َ ُة‬CDH‫ ا‬A
p َ/ْَ= َ*:ِ% Like pulling a hair from dough!

ِ@ِ 3
َ nِ ' ُ ] paying him no attention

‫اكَ؟‬Uَ‚ ‫ه‬2َZ ْ3ِ% ُ@َ8D*<ُ1 ْ3َ% Who would ride him off her

.3
D ُ % ٌ‫&ة‬+‫ْ*َ@ُ وا‬t‫تْ ِر‬D َt One of them, women, pulled his leg

\
ً Uَ َt K
ُ َ'ْmَ1 screams with joy

ٌ‫س‬D,‫َ)صٌ و َر‬Z ُ@D. because he jumps and kicks

!ِ(D*ِ َ‫ و=َ َآ‬،ِ31َ&ِ‫ن ا)ا‬

ُ )C*َ% ،ِ3َZِ‫ف ا‬
َ َ َ` God dam his parents, he
spent the money and left us in real need!

.‫ش‬
ِ )G‫ ا‬, E
َ D*َ8َ= froze in the courtyard

‫ ا<َ َْ
َ؟‬r
َ  % Why are you muted?

!r
َ َ*‫ت أه‬
َ ََْ" 1 You may bury your parents!

Grammar ‫أ=ا‬
1. DoubleVerbs in Arabic (C2 & C3 are identical) combine C2 and C3 in the imperfect
inflection, throwing the vowel of C2 back onto C1 in all persons except the feminine
plural forms, the only imperfect suffixes that begin with consonants. Example:

mp ُ َ1 -- ‫ ُز‬mُ ْ َ1 -- mD َ‫ه‬
In the following chart you will see the conhugation of this verb to the various pronouns.

82
 !E‫أ‬ b
ِ E‫أ‬ b
َ E‫أ‬ $‫ه‬ ‫ه‬
mp ُ‫َأه‬ 3
َ 12mُ َ= mp ُ َ= mp ُ َ= mp ُ َ1

ُ 1E 
G ُ"Eَ‫أ‬ ُْ"Eَ‫أ‬ 
G ُ‫ه‬ ُْ‫ه‬
mp ُ َ ‫ن‬
َ ْ‫ز‬mُ ْ َ= ‫ن‬
َ ‫و‬pmُ َ= ‫ن‬
َ ْ‫ز‬mُ َ1 ‫ن‬
َ ‫و‬pmُ َ1
2.1 Imperfect Indicative C2w/y Verbs whose middle radical is ‫ و‬or ‫ ي‬show weakness
in the imperfect with the long vowel corresponding to the original weak radical, i.e.,
Dhammat for ‫ و‬and Kasrat ‫ ي‬for . Example:

‫َ) ُم‬1 -- ‫َ) ُم‬1 -- ‫")م‬

In the following chart you will see the various conjugated present forms of this verb.

!E‫أ‬ b
ِ Eَ‫أ‬ b
َ Eَ‫أ‬ $‫ه‬ ‫ه‬
‫أَ") ُم‬ 3
َ %)َ= ‫=َ) ُم‬ ‫=َ) ُم‬ ‫َ) ُم‬1
1E 
G َ"Eَ‫أ‬ ُْ"Eَ‫أ‬ 
G ُ‫ه‬ ُْ‫ه‬
‫َ) ُم‬ 3
َ َُْ= ‫ن‬
َ )%)َ= 3
َ َُْ1 ‫ن‬
َ )%)َ1
The only forms that require special attention are the feminine plurals, where the long
vowel has been shortened to accommodate the addition of the consonant initial ending.

3
َ َُ1 - 3
َ ْ%)َ1
2.2 A fewC2w verbs, such as ,with underlying imperfect in have as a the vowel of
imperfect, shortened to FatHat in the feminine plurals (Notice the verb between
parentheses).

‫ن‬
َ )%1 – ‫َ ُم‬1
(3
َ َْَ1) – ‫=َ ُم‬

83
2.3 Almost all C2y verbs show as the vowel of the imperfect, with shortening to Kasrat
in the feminine plurals (Notice the verb between parentheses).

‫ َ –  َر‬
‫ن‬
َ ‫و‬/َ1 – ُ /َ1
(‫ن‬
َ ِْ/َِ1) – ُ /َ=
Drill # 1 ‫ول‬#‫ ا‬CD9"‫أ‬
Use the words and phrases in the Functional Expressions list in good sentences.

Drill # 2 $E!F‫ ا‬CD9"‫أ‬

Please choose the correct options:

. ......... ُ@D. ِ(1&‫ ا‬-‫ إ‬K,)= ) ‫ أ‬E

ُ ‫ه‬U1 \ .1
ُ@ُCَ1 ً!1‫ ز‬r
ُ *1 \ .‫أ‬
‫ن‬
ِ )!1m‫ل ا‬
ِ )+ , A
ُ C1 .‫ب‬
7
ِ `‫ر ِة ا‬+ ‫ق‬
َ ), &ُ C1 .‫ت‬

:ِ(1&‫ْ ا‬3% K,)= ‫!ى‬Z‫ إ‬.2

‫ َء‬Z.‫ ِ ا‬U‫ ه‬A
D ُ‫ آ‬.‫ ً و[ر ًة ت‬8"‫ا ًء و‬U+ .‫ب ب‬
َ ‫)ار‬t‫) ً و *) ً و‬j .‫أ‬

: (‫ل‬
ِ dG‫ت ا‬
ِ  ) ‫&ى‬+‫ن إ‬
D ‫ أ‬K,)= ‫ف‬
ُ <1 \ .3
‫ه‬2Z ْ3% ُ@ُ82*<ُ! .‫ت‬ A
َ 1)‫ُ@ُ ا‬1U! .‫ب‬ ُ ‫ ) َد‬E
ُ ! .‫أ‬
84
 ‫‪ َ(*' ُ 261 K‬ا‪/‬ر ِة‪:‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ L/‬‬
‫‪ %&' .4‬آ َ‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% K,)= K‬ا‪ِ $6‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ‪َ َ*َa‬‬ ‫‪ K,)= E‬أنْ ‪ُ &َ '/ُ1‬‬
‫ب ب‪َ * .‬‬
‫أ‪ِ   K,)= َ D9, .‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أ ‪ َ 8‬أو\ ُد ا‪ ِ(1‬ا!آ‪. ........ ْ0 0ُ Dk, /‬‬
‫‪َ + .5‬‬
‫ت‪)  َ1 .‬ا ‪ُ@%‬‬ ‫ب‪)"2&Gُ1 .‬ا &ا‪ِ@ِ*ِV‬‬ ‫أ‪)C,&َ1 .‬ا ‪ُ )َ G‬‬

‫ب =)‪ -*' K,‬وا ِ& ِ ‪ ُ@D.‬أرا َد أنْ ‪. .........‬‬

‫‪ .6‬آ‪َ U‬‬
‫‪ E‬درا‪ً(t‬‬
‫ت‪1 .‬آ َ‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫ي ‪َ ِ d%‬‬
‫ب‪َ !H1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪m1 .‬و َر ا&‪َ(1‬‬

‫ل =)‪ K,‬إ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪َ " % .7‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ت‪ -'1 .‬ا‪َ )C‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪َ )!1m‬‬
‫ب‪ُ ِ1 .‬‬ ‫—‬
‫أ‪" .‬دمٌ ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ 1‬‬

‫‪ A‬ا* ِ&‪.‬‬
‫ب ِ‪ ْ3% (ٍ a) ِ(G8‬أه ِ‬
‫ن ا‪ُ .‬‬
‫‪ .8‬آ َ‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫ا‪ 0ُ .‬اا ِد ُ‬
‫ت‪ٍ('َt .‬‬ ‫ب‪ٍ(َ*ُt .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٍ(D8َ' .‬‬

‫ب إ‪ -‬ا&‪.ِ(1‬‬

‫ن ِ*‪U‬ه ِ‬
‫س ‪k!1‬ه) َ‬
‫ن ا ُ‬
‫‪ .9‬آ َ‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬ااد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‪َ )ُ%َ1 .‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪َ )2V&ُ1 .‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫أ‪p&C!/َ1 .‬و َ‬

‫‪85‬‬
 ‫‪ E‬أ ) =)‪ K,‬إ‪ -‬ا&‪.ِ(1‬‬
‫‪ .10‬درًا ‪U1 %‬ه ُ‬
‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫ف ا‪C‬آ ُ‬
‫أ[ ُ‬
‫ت‪ً&ِ')َ!ُ%.‬ا‬ ‫ب‪ً a2*َ9َ!ُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬دا‪ًL‬‬

‫
‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ C‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .11‬ه‪U‬ا ‪ُ mَ *1 %‬م ا َ‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُاد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت ‪ُ ُ 2t1‬‬ ‫‪ِ@, 3‬‬
‫ب‪ُ ُ9/1 .‬‬ ‫ج إ@ِ‬
‫أ‪ُ !G1 .‬‬

‫ع إ‪.ِ@ِ!َ -‬‬
‫‪ % .12‬أنْ ‪Hُ1‬ه َ& ه‪U‬ا ا ُر ‪+‬د‪َ َ َ1 -!+ ً(j‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬ااد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪Wَ ِtَْ1 .‬‬ ‫ع‬
‫ب‪َ ِ ْ/ُ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪Wَ َْ/َ1 .‬‬

‫‪ .13‬آ
ْ اأ ُة ا‪ُ )C‬ز =‪.ٍ(DَHَِ H‬‬
‫أ‪C‬ر ُة اُ‪C‬آِ‪ ُ(/‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ( )C8ِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ِ() /ِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪C/ِ .‬د ٍة‬

‫‪ .14‬ه‪U‬ا ‪ ُ ِj:ُ1 ٌš<Z‬آ‪ً:‬ا‪.‬‬

‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬

‫‪86‬‬
 ‫ت‪ 0ُ D*9!1 .‬آ‪ً:‬ا‬ ‫‪ 3‬آ‪ً:‬ا‬
‫ب‪ُ 2V&َ ُ1 .‬‬ ‫‪ A‬آ‪ً:‬ا‬
‫أ‪k1 .‬آُ ُ‬

‫‪ .15‬آ
ْ ا‪ ُ(%/! .‬ا‪. .......... -*' ً(َD*Cُ% ُ(D8C‬‬
‫ت‪ 1َ&َ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ َ' .‬‬ ‫أ‪ َ!aZ .‬‬

‫ƒ أ  ُ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ ,‬اص  َ‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ ُ*1‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ t‬‬
‫‪َ K,)= 3‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .16‬أ‪َ َ1‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا*(ِ ه)‪:‬‬
‫ف ‪ِ Ca‬‬
‫‪ ُ ] A‬ااد ِ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ‪D k‬‬ ‫ب‪k= .‬آ‪&َ D‬‬ ‫أ‪َ= .‬و َز‬
‫‪ ْ
" .17‬أُ‪ %‬إ‪&= \  D‬ري ‪ُ &2 َ/ُ -!%‬د =* َ‬
‫‪ r‬ا&‪)1‬نَ‪.‬‬
‫‪:A‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪Wُ َ,&َ .‬‬ ‫ب‪َ!Hَ .‬ي‬ ‫أ‪Wُ َ .‬‬

‫ق َ@ُ َ‪.(ُ@ُ/a‬‬
‫ل أنْ ‪U!1‬آ‪ُ )!َ=) % َ D‬‬
‫‪+ .18‬و َ‬
‫أ‪C‬ر ُة اُاد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ث ِ@ِ‬
‫ت‪ُ &D Gَ!َ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ &ُ 1ُ1 .‬‬ ‫ش ِ@ِ‬
‫أ‪ُ D G!َ1 .‬‬

‫ƒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .19‬هَ ‪ K,)= mD‬أ` ‪ً&2')َ َ!ُ% ُ@َC‬ا ا) َ& اُ‪H‬آِ َ‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬هَ ‪َ &D‬د ُ‬ ‫ب‪U= .‬آ‪ُ َ D‬‬ ‫ق إ@ِ‬
‫أ‪ .‬إ‪َ !Z‬‬

‫‪87‬‬
 ‫‪ .20‬دو‪D‬ى زا‪ُ )%‬ر اص `َ‪.ً +‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ ُ ] A‬اُاد ِ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إر=َ‪Wَ َa‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬إَ*َ َ‬ ‫
‬
‫أ‪ .‬إ‪َ َ*َa‬‬

‫‪ِ .21‬ذا ‪ .......‬ا‪G‬آ(ُ ‪ ,‬أوطِ اسِ؟‬

‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُِ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪َ .‬د ‪ْ
D‬‬ ‫ب‪ْ
َD/َGَ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪َ .‬دهَ‪ْ
َ/‬‬

‫ب‪.‬‬
‫ن ا ‪p‬آ‪َ D‬‬
‫‪ .22‬آ
ْ 'َ ُ =!‪ِ Da‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ -Cَ%‬ذ َ‬
‫ح إَ ِ‪0‬‬
‫ت‪َ )D َ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ َ َ[َ .‬إَ ِ‪0‬‬ ‫ع إَ ِ‪0‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬هَ َ َ‬

‫‪Z 3‬هَ َ& ا‪/‬ر َة‪.‬‬

‫‪ A‬ا) ُ& ‪َ +‬‬
‫‪ُ .23‬أ‪َ ِaْt‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إَ*َ َ‬ ‫ب‪)َ= .‬ارى‬ ‫ف‬
‫أ‪َ V .‬‬

‫ع‪.‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪H‬ر ِ‬
‫ن ‪ِ ََCُ% ,‬‬
‫
ا‪.‬و\ ُد ‪&ْCَ1‬و َ‬
‫‪ .24‬إ‪َ َ*َa‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪:ْ0ُ D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬

‫‪88‬‬
 ‫ن‬
‫ت‪َ1 .‬آُ‪َ )$‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪َ )+2)*ُ1 .‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫أ‪َ )aَِ1 .‬‬

‫‪َ=) 3‬هَ

ْ إ‪ -‬أُذَ@ِ( ‪ ُ(َ*َt‬اص‪.‬‬
‫‪َ + A‬‬
‫ع ا‪ُ ُt‬‬
‫‪ .25‬أ َ َ‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪C‬ر ِة ه)‪:‬‬
‫ت‪Wَ َِ .‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫ب‪ .‬آَ َ‪َ U‬‬ ‫س‬
‫أ‪ .‬إ َ& ‪D‬‬

‫‪Drill # 3‬‬ ‫أ"‪ CD9‬ا‪H!F‬‬

‫ ُ‪:ٍ 11/ 8ٍ 9‬‬
‫ت "‪ِ C4‬‬
‫ ا‪ِ !94‬‬
‫أ‪َ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أي ‪َ PDP‬‬
‫‪.r‬‬
‫ت '*‪' -‬د=ُ@ُ ‪َ *!,‬‬
‫‪ 7‬أ ) ُ ‪ٍ )8ِ -D!1‬‬
‫\ ا` ِ‬
‫ع أ‪D‬‬
‫‪ٍ )/% 7‬‬
‫‪َ ِ =k1 .1‬‬
‫‪. A‬‬
‫ع أنْ زا‪َ )%‬ر ‪ Wَ َ/1 ِ(G8 ٍ َaَ -!+‬اص ا* ِ& ‪ ْ3%‬أه ِ‬
‫‪َ  1 % .2‬‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫س ‪ِ 6‬ة =)‪[ِ +‬ا ٍ‬
‫ن ا َ‬
‫ن ‪&C1‬و َ‬
‫ق ‪َ )t2&َGُ1‬‬
‫‪+ 7‬ر ِة ‪َ ),‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ا` ِ‬
‫ك‪.‬‬
‫‪ E‬ز‪ ً )!1‬ه َ‬
‫‪ r‬أ ) ُ ‪ %‬إ‪ -‬ا&‪ ُ@ُC1 ُ@D. ،ِ(1‬درًا \ ز‪ ً!1‬و\ ‪U1‬ه ُ‬
‫‪ُ ُ*1 .4‬‬
‫
‪ ْ3%‬ا)ا َ& ا* ِ&‪.‬‬
‫‪ % A‬آ ‪ُ m*1‬م ‪!H1‬ي ا َ‬
‫ن آُ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .5‬أ‪ D‬دآ(ِ أ'! ُ& أ ‪D‬‬
‫ق‪.‬‬
‫ن ‪ً D %‬ة ‪ ،‬ى ‪ُ )D H!1‬‬
‫‪ ،K,)= E‬ه) ا&‪ ِ(1‬وا‪ً &+‬ة ا‪ِ ُ VT‬ؤ‪ ِ(1‬و) آ َ‬
‫‪ .6‬ا‪َ LC‬‬
‫ق =َ!َِ@ُ‪.‬‬
‫ا‪ َ D[D‬إَ  ‪ُ ِ َ!/َ1‬‬ ‫‪ \ .7‬أ'* ُ‪ 0‬إ@ِ و‪  D9‬أ‪ُ@D‬‬
‫ث آُ*‪. ِ*ََ' ْ3َ' D‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ذا ِ‪& ٍ(D8C‬ري ‪k‬ه \ =َ!‪ُ &D G‬‬
‫ش‪.‬‬
‫ن ‪  pِGُ1‬أنْ ِ  ‪ُ D َGَ!َ1‬‬
‫‪ % .9‬أ"‪ &ُ ِ8َ1 ُ@D. 0َ /‬أ‪ ُ@D‬آ َ‬
‫‪ A‬ا&‪.ِ(1‬‬
‫‪Hَ% ُ@َ!َ r‬آِ َ‬
‫‪U1 ُ@َ ْ0َ E‬ه‪ ْE‬إ‪ -‬ذِ َ‬
‫ن َ‪َ D‬‬
‫‪D . .10‬‬

‫‪89‬‬
 ‫ب‪DL َ .‬كْ ‪LDَ /‬آ‪ $‬ا‪ 8َ 9‬ا"! َ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬وا‰ ه‪' (H'
/ U‬ي أر'‪ -‬ا‪ 06‬وأ"‪ 7‬ا‪)!1m‬ن وأ‪ &8+‬ا‪!B‬‬
‫‪&+ .2‬ق ' ا‪tm‬ج ‪!%‬ه‪ % A‬آ
اأة "&ْ "
‪H,‬ه& أ‪Z‬ر ا‪)!1m‬ن‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ر  'ف أ ‪ ،
&%‬د'@ ‪C1‬ف ‪`k .‬ف وأ‪ o/‬و\ أه!‪H 0‬ء!‬
‫‪ .4‬ا‪ —H‬ذو ا*‪ (G‬ا)‪ ،0!!1 (Z‬و @ ا‪%‬أة =‪&G‬ث ‪t‬ر=  ‪)8‬ت ‪+‬د‪.‬‬
‫‪ = 3+ .5‬ا‪ (:‬د ‪ 1‬و&‪&/ ،‬د *&آ أر ‪ (C‬و‪!H‬ي آ‪.3G /‬‬
‫‪ .6‬آن اص ‪ (H <H1‬وه) ‪o &C81‬ء ‪ )G‬ا‪ G 7*<% (1‬ت "=(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬راح =)‪)! -*/!1 K,‬ز‪[ W1‬ات ‪ -*' (*9!%‬اآب ‪/9%‬ي ا‪'.‬ق‪.‬‬
‫‪ 9a1 .8‬أ  `‪ ،(16* (C` (C‬و\ ‪ E1‬أن ‪ ]  *C!1‬و] أو\د ‪.@!1&%‬‬
‫‪ & \ ) k, ،($%] 'H% K,)= CZ .9‬ا‪T‬ن ‪$1‬ب آ‪ ،79 7‬وأ‪.0*= @%‬‬
‫‪ .10‬ذا ‪/+ E/G1 0‬ب ا‪91 ) k, ("C‬د ‪ 3% K*a1‬ا‪ E$6‬و*‪ 0‬أه‪ A‬ا*& آ* ‪.0‬‬

‫‪Drill # 4‬‬ ‫أ"‪ CD9‬ا‪D‬ا‪N6‬‬

‫‪Select the correct options and explain WHY.‬‬

‫ف ‪. .....‬و\ ِد ا‪ ْ3' ِ(1‬ز‪1‬ر=ِ@ِ ِ*َ&‪.ِ(1‬‬

‫‪َ ) .1‬‬
‫ت‪ُ ُCَ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪9Gَ1 .‬‬ ‫
‬
‫أ‪ُ 2َ:ُ1 .‬‬

‫ب =)‪ , K,‬ا&‪:ِ(1‬‬

‫‪َ ِ َZ .2‬‬
‫‪ًC% 3‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ j.‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪ َ 8' .‬ا*) ِ‬ ‫أ‪ ِ = َ 8' .‬ا  ِ&‬

‫‪90‬‬
 ‫ƒ =)‪ِ 6ِ K,‬ة ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد ‪. .........ْ0ُ D.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬أ‪D َ+‬‬
‫ت‪ ْ3ِ% .‬أ  ِء ‪ِ@ِ*t‬‬ ‫ب‪" .‬ودٌ `‪6‬ةٌ‬ ‫ت‬
‫ن ا&را‪ِ t‬‬
‫أ‪َ1 .‬آ) َ‬

‫‪:ُ@D.‬‬
‫‪ I‬أ  ‪َ &C‬‬
‫ب ‪ِ Gt‬‬
‫‪ُ 1 \ .4‬ؤ أو\ ُد ا&‪ -*' ِ(1‬رآ) ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ر‪D,‬سٌ و‪)َZ‬صٌ‬ ‫ب‪)َZ .‬صٌ وآٌ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ر‪ ٌKZ‬ور‪D,‬سٌ‬
‫ن ‪ ..........‬ا‪C‬ر‪.ِ(1‬‬
‫‪U+ A‬ا‪ ِ@ِL‬آ‪ِ 8]k‬‬
‫ن دا‪َ V‬‬
‫‪ .5‬آ
ْ "&‪ِ D&َ = K,)= %‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا!‪ِ 2‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا*) ِ‬ ‫أ‪ ِ َ= .‬ا ِ ِ&‬

‫ƒ =)‪. .......... ِ@ِ=+ , K,‬‬

‫‪َ َِ % .6‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ت‪)َt .‬ا ِر َ‬ ‫ب‪ً8" .‬‬ ‫أ‪U+ .‬ا ًء‬

‫‪ 3‬رأى =)‪ K,‬ا[‪D‬ر َة =َ!َ‪ &ِ 1 , 0ُ DَG‬وا ِ& ِ ‪:ُ@D,‬‬

‫‪َ + .7‬‬
‫ف‬
‫ت‪َ Uَ َ" .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬إ َ‪U‬هَ َ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إ!ََ َ‪W‬‬

‫‪ ْ3% A‬اَ‪d‬و ِة ‪. .........‬‬

‫‪ 7‬ر ٍ‬
‫‪ .8‬إ‪!Z‬ى =)‪َ 8 K,‬‬
‫ت‪. .‬ه*ِ@ِ‬ ‫ب‪ِ@ِ/aَِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ِ@ِL"&`. .‬‬

‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪ُ 9= \ 3‬د =َ‪ ُ ُ!/‬أ‪َ /t‬دهُ ‪D‬‬
‫‪Z .9‬ه َ& ‪ ,‬ا&‪ً / ِ(1‬ء أ‪)j‬ا ُ ُ ‪D‬‬
‫‪:3‬‬
‫ن أ‪)j‬ا َ ُ ‪D‬‬
‫‪r‬أ‪D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪َ 8َ" .‬ةٌ‬ ‫ب‪&1&t .‬ةٌ‬ ‫أ‪ٌ(*1) .‬‬

‫‪91‬‬
 ‫\‪.‬‬
‫‪ً Uّ َt K‬‬
‫ ‪ُ 'm1‬‬
‫ن ا‪p 8‬‬
‫‪ .10‬آ َ‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫إذنْ \ ُ ‪ &D‬ا‪ ُ@D‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪َ .‬ر‪ًD,‬‬ ‫ب‪ً1m+ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً&C .‬ا‬

‫€ '‪ ْ3‬ا ِ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .11‬إ*ََ
ْ ‪t‬ر= ِ ِ‪ُ Gَ= ٍ(D‬‬
‫أ‪C‬ر ُة ] ُ ااد‪ ِ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ َ/َ9ِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪Hَِ .‬طٍ‬ ‫أ‪ٍ(َ*ََCِ .‬‬

‫ أ ) =)‪ً&D َ!Gُ% K,‬ا‪.‬‬

‫‪ .12‬إ!َ‪َ َa‬‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أنْ ‪َ )91‬‬
‫إذنْ \ ‪ُ ِ91‬‬
‫ت‪ً/ ' .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً&ِ Cُ% .‬ا‬ ‫أ‪&ُ% .‬هِ‪ًH‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ا 
ْ '*‪ -‬و‪.ٌ(D1)" ٌ(Ca` ِ@ِ t‬‬
‫‪َ + ًِn!9ُ% E‬‬
‫‪ .13‬إ‪َ َG/‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ(*9‬ااد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫ت‪ً ِ,+ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً 1mَ+ .‬‬ ‫\‬
‫أ‪ً Uِ َt .‬‬

‫ل ' َد ًة ‪ ,‬ه‪ ِ U‬ا‪ ِ('/‬اُ!‪ِ 2Vk‬ة‪.‬‬

‫س =!‪َ $‬ء ُ‬
‫‪+ .14‬آ(ُ ا ِ‬
‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪C‬آ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪mَ= .‬دا ُد‬ ‫ب‪a!<َ= .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪p َِ= .‬‬

‫‪ ِ 6= , ً9ِ ُ% K‬ا‪.ِ(َ*C‬‬

‫ن ا‪ُ L/‬‬
‫‪ .15‬آ َ‬
‫‪92‬‬
 ‫أ‪ ُ(a8‬ااد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫\‬
‫ت‪ً )6Hَ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪)'Uَ% .‬رًا‬ ‫أ‪ًaD*9!ُ% .‬‬

‫‪ .16‬أَ‪ ً($%] َ 'H% ْ

D/+‬وه ‪.ِ(1*ِ  ِ1 ,‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ(a8‬اُ‪C‬آ‪ ُ(/‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬وا‪ً(G4‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ور(ً‬ ‫أ‪ً(C"" .‬‬

‫‪ .17‬إ!‪ , ْ
C‬ذهِ@ِ ‪V‬ةٌ ‪.ٌ(:V‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ 0ُ R‬ااد ُ‬
‫ت‪9ِ, .‬ةٌ‬ ‫ب‪ٌ(D*ِ" .‬‬ ‫أ‪َ U+ .‬رةٌ‬

‫ =)‪)'U% ُ &َ َ1 K,‬راً‪.‬‬

‫‪َ a .18‬‬
‫ا‪ ُ(*9‬ااد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ًaLV .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً DL َ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً nُ% .‬‬

‫ق ا‪.‬ر`‪.ِ(a‬‬
‫‪ .19‬آ
ْ ا‪ُ /‬ء ‪ٍ oُِ .....‬ء ‪َ ),‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ت‪َ aَ+mَ1 .‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪َ Dَ<َ!َ1 .‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫أ‪َ aَِ1 .‬‬

‫‪ .20‬آ
ْ أُ‪Hُِ ..... !V‬ه& ِة ا!*‪)1ma‬ن‪.‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ ُ‬
‫أَ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪93‬‬
 ‫ت‪0ُ ِ!َ!ُ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪p ِ8َ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪-D*/َ!َ= .‬‬

‫‪ .21‬أ !‪&C‬تْ ا‪/‬ر ُة ‪&,‬أتْ ا‪ .... ُ(1‬روَ‪ً&1‬ا روَ‪ً&1‬ا‪.‬‬

‫ب‬
‫ت‪Uَ= .‬و ُ‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫ب‪ُ ِ+dُ= .‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫أ‪ُ َ+mَ= .‬‬

‫ ‪.ٍEَ<َ` ,‬‬
‫ل ا‪2 G‬‬
‫‪ K‬أ‪ُ a‬‬
‫‪ .22‬إ*َ َ‬
‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ 0ُ .‬اُ‪C‬آ ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬هُ&و ٍء‬ ‫ب‪ٍ َ َ] .‬ة‬ ‫ح‬
‫أ‪ٍ َ َ, .‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ا‪َ \%d‬ة‪.‬‬
‫ب ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ L‬ة ‪َ a2*9!ُ%‬‬
‫‪ .23‬ه‪ َo‬اآ ُ‬
‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪C‬آِ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪&َ ِCَ` .‬‬ ‫ل‬
‫ب‪َ mَ َ .‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫أ‪َ َ َ .‬‬

‫ض‪.‬‬
‫‪ E‬اَ‪ 0ِ C‬رأَ@ُ إ‪ -‬ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫ƒ `‪ُ ِ+‬‬
‫‪َ D9َ .24‬‬
‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪C‬آ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪َ .‬ر‪Wَ َ,‬‬ ‫š‬
‫ب‪َ D*َV .‬‬ ‫س‬
‫أ‪ .‬إ ّ& ‪D‬‬

‫‪ E‬إ‪ -‬ا&‪. ..... ِ(1‬‬

‫‪ \ .25‬أ'! ُ& أ‪َ ُ@D‬ذهَ َ‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ف ] ُ اُ ُ‬
‫أ[ ُ‬
‫ت‪ً:ََ' .‬‬ ‫ب‪ًDL ِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً :G .‬‬

‫‪94‬‬
Reading & Translation Exercise 9D"‫اءة وا‬D=‫ ا‬CD9P
Read the following sentences into your tape recorder, listen to them, and then give the
tape to your teacher to check your performance. Once you are done with reading,
translate the sentences.

:Cd4E#‫ ا‬I‫ ا‬J‫ إ‬$C !W $9DP / ْDَP

.‫ق‬
ِ )p/‫ ا‬-‫ إ‬%ُ‫ أ‬E
ُ َ‫ه‬Uَ= % ‫ دِرًا‬.1
.‫&ًا‬1َ‫ب رو‬
ُ ‫و‬Uَ= ‫ ُر‬Z.‫(ُ وا‬1‫ آ
ْ ا‬.2
.ِ@ِ*َCِ ٌ&C ُ@D‫ُ\ َة إ‬%d‫ً ا‬a2*َ9!ُ% ‫ل‬
َ " .3
.ِ(C%‫ ا‬-‫ب إ‬
ِ ‫ه‬2U 0ُ َ*Gَ= !Vُ‫ آ
ْ أ‬.4
.ً(D,t ً(Dَ8َ' ً(%/ِ! ‫َ!َ@ِ ا‬aَZ -*' [َ+\ .5
!—
ِ 12ِ‫ْ ا‬3ِ% ٌ‫ن ا َ)َ َ& " ِدم‬
D‫أ‬A
ُ ُtD ‫ْ إ'!ََ َ& ا‬Aَ‫ ه‬.6
.3
َ G18!ُ% ‫ر ِة‬D/‫ب ا‬
َ )َ` ‫و\ ُد‬.‫ ا‬Wَ َ,&َ ‫ إ‬.7
.ٍ(َ' &َ C  ِ"'‫ أ‬, A
ُ D])َ َ!َ1 ‫ َ& ُم‬D‫ َ&َأ ا‬D ‫ ُر‬.8
.E
ِ ِ46‫ْ أ @ِ ا‬3ِ% ً ِ‫@ِ وا!َ&ا َر هر‬1&َ1 , % ‫ف‬
َ Uَ َ" .9
.‫و\ ُد‬.‫ث '  ا‬
ُ &D َGَ!َ1 !‫ ا‬E
َ ِLَC‫َى ا‬1 ْ‫ ُ& أن‬1ُ1 .10

95
‫‪Unit #5‬‬ ‫أة ر )‪(5‬‬
‫'‪)Z‬ر‬

‫ع‬
‫ح ا‪ِ ),‬‬
‫— )'‪َ َ a‬ة( '*‪ِ )4 -‬ء ا‪ِ 8‬‬
‫إ‪&َ ((9) ْ
'm‬ى رؤ‪ ِ(1‬زو‪  ِt‬ا‪ِ H‬‬
‫ ِ‪/‬اه و=‪/‬ءَ
ْ‪:‬‬
‫‰ ا‪!D DH‬‬
‫‪% -‬ذا أرْ‪َrَCَt‬؟ آَ‪ -a‬ا ُ‬
‫ن ‪ %‬رأتْ ا)&َ‪!ْ
َaَ! , ،‬‬
‫و' َ‬
‫‪ % -‬ه‪U‬ا ‪ُ—Z 1‬؟‬
‫ت '*@ِ ‪ ,‬اََ ‪.2‬‬
‫‪ُ :' -‬‬
‫‰!‬
‫‪ 1 -‬ر‪ َ(+‬ا ِ‬
‫ن وه) ‪:0ُ ِ66ُ1‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ ِ n‬اُ‪ِ 6‬ة وا‪ِ ُa‬‬
‫— '*‪ -‬آَََ(ٍ  َ‬
‫ƒ ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫=وَ
ْ ا) َ& ِ"‪َ *t .ٍ(D‬‬

‫‪96‬‬
 ‫‰!‬
‫\ا ُ‬
‫‪ \ -‬إ@َ إ ‪D‬‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫‪ٍ Gِ ْ
" 0D j A‬‬
‫را‪& ُ= ُ(9 ْ
+‬هِ ُ& ا‪َ a‬‬
‫—!‬
‫‪ -‬إ‪ ُ@D‬ذآٌَ ‪ُ Z 1‬‬
‫ك '‪ُ a‬ة رأَ@ُ `‪ِ ْ
, ،ً!ِ%‬ه! ٍم‪:‬‬
‫‪َ D +‬‬
‫‪U] ُ@ُ%m*َ1 -‬اءٌ‪.‬‬
‫
‪ ُ= ْ0‬ذآًا و\ أُ‪.-:‬‬
‫‪ r‬وأ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬و‪ %‬درا‪ِ ُ!1‬‬
‫
‪ِ@ِ ٌA',‬؟‬
‫ف أ‪َ Z‬ء آ‪:‬ةً‪ ،‬و‪% .ُ &ُ ِZُ1 ْ3َ% &ُ َِ1 &ُ ِZ!/َ1 ْ3َ%‬ذا أ َ‬
‫‪ -‬أ' ُ‬
‫‪ ِ@ِ E‬إ‪ 0ِ /ِ" -‬ا‪.ِ(H‬‬
‫‪ )G8َ -‬أنْ أذهَ َ‬
‫€ '@ُ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬هَ‪ , ُ@َ)C4ُ1 ْA‬اِ‪ِ0/‬؟ ِَ!َ[ِْ ‪ُ Gَ1 ْ3َ% َ َ [َ1 -D!+‬‬
‫€ '@ُ أ‪!ٌ&+‬‬
‫‪َ Gَ1 ْ3َ -‬‬
‫— '‪ُ َ a‬ة‪:‬‬
‫ت ‪ 0َ َ!َ= -D!+‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫=ََ*‪ِ \CِaR ٌ0Caُ% ٌ
` -D‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ ْ3ِ%‬ا<‪ k‬أنْ ُ@ِ أآ‪6َ1 Dِ% َ َ:‬؟‬
‫‪ -‬أ َ‬
‫س و‪+‬ا َر ٍة‪:‬‬
‫— ِ‪ٍ G‬‬
‫"
ْ زَو‪ ُ(َt‬ا‪ِ H‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ<ُ‪.ُ@َCDَ4 ْ3َ% kُV k‬‬
‫‪ ْ
َ" 0D ُj‬وه =َ!َ*َ‪ -D‬إ ‪:-4ِ ً %‬‬
‫ب!‬
‫‪  K‬أ‪ , ٌAَ%‬ا‪ِ R‬‬
‫‪َ َ1 ْ0َ -‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫‪ ِ(َ$" A‬ا&ر ِة و=‪/‬ء َ‬
‫— ا‪ ِ@ِ!َ َt ْ3' َ(َ%ِC‬ارز ِة ‪ِ :%‬‬
‫‪ َ َ/َ+‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪ُ(9 1 3‬؟‬
‫‪َ 129aُ= 0َ , -‬‬
‫‪: ِ% ِ ً(َ*َِj ْ
,‬‬

‫‪97‬‬
 ‫‪ 7‬أر‪ُ@ُ$ُ,‬؟‬
‫‰ ‪َ 9, ً "mِ1‬‬
‫‪ َ& 1 -‬ا‪َ ،َ—H‬وهََ ا ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬وَ‪:ٍ َaَ[ِ ْ
, ،ْƒُَ1 ْ0‬‬
‫— ِ&‪ ِ@ََ' ِ@ِ*1‬اََُ!َ ِ‬
‫‪ B‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪َ /%‬‬
‫‪.r‬‬
‫‪ &ُ 1ُ= r‬ذ َ‬
‫
َ‪َ ُ/a‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ َ‬
‫ل ‪:ً 29َHَ!ُ%‬‬
‫‪َ!َ,‬هَ*َ  ‪ُ )َ1‬‬
‫‪!(3‬‬
‫‪ُ dَ` !َ=, -‬ة ا‪) , ِ َa‬ا‪ِ َ/ُG‬‬
‫‪:3‬‬
‫ن ا)‪ َ@t‬اُ‪َ َِ!G‬‬
‫‪ 0ٍ ِ ٍ 6:ِ ْ
َ,‬و'َه \ =ُ‪a‬ر" ِ‬
‫‰ ]َ‪)a‬رٌ رَ‪!ٌ0+‬‬
‫‪ K‬وا ُ‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪ُ )$‬ء ‪َ َHَZ‬‬
‫ن‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪ِ )a‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ه‪ ْ3% َo‬ا‪ 0ِ D*/‬أ‪) ُ )V‬درو‪ ،(I1‬وه) ‪ُ َ:ُ%‬‬
‫" َم ا‪ُ َ a' ُ—H‬ة ُِ‪ِ + , ،2*َ8‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫‪َ ْ3%‬أ‪ ِ َj‬ا) ِم وه) ‪ُ )1‬‬
‫‪')ُt -‬نُ‪ 1 ،‬ا‪%‬أ َة أ‪.V‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫و'ِ&َ‪ %‬رأى ا) َ& ُذهِ‪ ،َA‬آَ ‪ٍ dُ6ِ 6َ1‬م ‪ ,‬ا‪ِ ZC‬ة ‪ ِ ِ ُ' ْ3%‬و=َ‪َ /‬ء َ‬
‫‪ % -‬ه‪U‬ا؟‬
‫‪:ُ(9 ُ@ْ! tk,‬‬
‫ ا&‪!ِ 1‬‬
‫‰ ا‪2 *C‬‬
‫‪ -‬رِزقٌ ‪ ْ3%‬ا ِ‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫‪َ /َ= 0D j ً D*َ% A‬ء َ‬
‫رَ إ‪ -‬ا‪ِ a2‬‬
‫‪ % -‬أُُ@ُ؟‬
‫‪D َ َ!َ, -‬د َدتْ ‪:ْ
ََ6َ] 0D ُj ُ(9‬‬
‫‰ ِآ=ِ@ِ ور‪)4‬اِ@ِ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ْ3ُ9َِ -‬إ ُ‪ 0‬أ  إ ً َ@ُ )'‪)Z‬ر '& ا‰( وَِ‪ ُ@ْ*ُH‬ا ُ‬
‫— '‪َ a‬ة !‪d2‬و ِة‪.‬‬
‫ت ا‪ِ H‬‬
‫وار=‪ُ )` Wَ a‬‬

‫‪98‬‬
‫—‬
‫ل ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫ت ‪ٍ )َ1‬م " َ‬
‫‪ -*' 3‬أ‪ِ 6‬م ا‪ &ِ Z.‬ا (ِ ا‪ .ِ($%6‬وذا َ‬
‫=! ‪ ْ
C‬ا‪ُ 1.‬م وا‪ُ /‬‬
‫'‪ُ a‬ة ِ‪ ِ@َِH‬درو‪:I1‬‬
‫‪ِ ُ' ْ3% 3‬كَ‪D m!َ= -!, ،‬وجُ؟‬
‫‪ ْ
6*َ -‬ا‪َ 1HC‬‬
‫ب ا‪ٍ )!ُaِ -!a‬ر‪:‬‬
‫‪َ tk,‬‬
‫‰‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ Hَ1 %َ&ِ' -‬ء ا ُ‬
‫ق ‪ٍ ),)َ%‬ر‪.‬‬
‫ل ذو رز ٍ‬
‫ي وا‪ُ DَG‬‬
‫
‪Dَ+‬لٌ "َ) ‬
‫‪ -‬أ َ‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫آَ ‪َ D‬ر درو‪ I1‬ا) َ‬
‫‰‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ Hَ1 %َ&ِ' -‬ء ا ُ‬
‫‪ ْ3% r‬ا‪ِ(!ِa‬؟‬
‫‪ -‬أ\ =َ<‪َ ِ/aَ -*' -H‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫‰ ‪ ُ}aG1‬ا‪َ %‬‬
‫‪-‬أ ُ‬
‫‪:7‬‬
‫ل ‪ٍ َk‬‬
‫ك اُى ُء ا‪َ ُ 1$‬و‪ ً(ََْ1 ُ@َ ْt‬و‪َ /َ1‬ةً‪ ،‬و" َ‬
‫‪َ D َ+‬‬
‫ب ا‰ِ‪ ،‬وَ‪) ُ@% ْ}َaGَ= ْ0‬ر ًة وا‪ً &+‬ة‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ !ِ9ِ ْWِa!َ= ْ0َ -‬‬
‫ض‪:‬‬
‫ل درو‪ٍ Cِ!% I1‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ق اَ ِ‬
‫‪ -*' A‬رِز" ِ‪ِ َ َC‬‬
‫‪ ،ِ@*َ' E‬وإ‪َ 2‬أ‪ُ َ8ْ+‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه) ‪ُ َGُ1 %‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪ُ C‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫— ‪ ،ًD*َ%‬و" َ‬
‫=َ‪ َ D9َa‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪&ُ r‬وبٌ‪ ُkZ َ, ،‬؟‬
‫‪َ , -‬و‪َ ِ ْt‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ن ا‪%‬أ َة أ‪َ ْ&" ِ@V‬و‪ ،ً2َُ%  َ%َ , ،ِ@ِ ْ
َZ‬وه 'آ‪ -*' ٌ(a‬ا‪ِ CZ‬‬
‫ك درو‪ I1‬أ ‪D‬‬‫أدر َ‬
‫ن ُِ‪ِ &'/‬ة '‪)Z‬ر‪:ً(َِ ْ
" .‬‬
‫ا‪ِ ُa‬‬
‫‪p ُ$َ1 % r‬كَ؟‬
‫أ=َ!)"‪ 1 2ِ% Wُ D‬درو‪ I1‬أنْ أ‪ ْ3' aV‬أ‪َ V‬‬
‫— ‪:ًِ=Cُ%‬‬
‫و‪ ُ@َk‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪99‬‬
 ‫‪ 7‬وا‪2DH‬؟‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ ُC‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ=َُ*‪َ &ُ 2‬أهْ َ‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ُk, 2 DH‬دا‪./aَ ْ3' Wُ ِ,‬‬
‫ش  َأهْ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬أَ‪ُ D َGَ!َ1 ً +‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ك أ‪َ V‬‬
‫ن ‪ ُ@ُ,Z‬و' ‪ .ُ@ُ=mD‬أ\ =َى *) َ‬
‫
‪ ُ(%&V‬ا‚ ِ‬
‫ت ‪ٍ  ,‬‬
‫‪ 1 -‬درو‪َ kH ْ& ،I1‬‬
‫ا‪)Z' ،ِE2D‬ر؟‬
‫ƒ '‪)Z‬ر ِ‪!Vَk‬‬
‫‪َ َ -‬‬
‫€ ِه!ِ ٍم ‪َ &ِ ُ8َ,‬م `َ&‪ً(%‬‬
‫ن '‪)Z‬ر ‪ Wُ ِ !ُ1‬ا‪َ 1&G‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬آ َ‬
‫
‪!ْ/ُ%‬ءً‪َ + ،‬‬ ‫— ِ‪ِ ْD8‬‬‫\ َذ ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪ ،ِ@ِCِ)ِ % A‬و\ ‪ 'D&َ1‬أَآ‪ُ )1 .ُ@َ Dِ% َ :‬م ِ![ ِ‬ ‫‪+ A‬لٍ‪ ،‬إ‪ُ َCa1 ُ@D‬‬ ‫‪ -*' .ً(َCD")َ !ُ%‬آُ ‪2‬‬
‫‪u‬‬
‫‪ُ َ1 .3‬‬‫ ِ‪ ِ@ِ!C‬إ‪ -‬ا‪ِ /ُG‬‬ ‫‪2 َ)ِ ٍ , A‬‬
‫„ ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪)p/‬قِ‪ ،‬و‪ $َ1‬آُ ‪D‬‬ ‫اَ
ِ‪ ،‬و‪ِZ‬ا ِء ا‪)G‬ا‪ِ L‬‬
‫— ‪َ D/ََ= % ُ@ُ[ِaْGَُ,‬‬
‫ƒ ' َ& "&‪ َ%‬ا‪ِ H‬‬ ‫ن‪ .‬و' َ& ا‪ُ *1 ِA`.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪َ ُa‬‬‫ا&‪ ْ3% )َ D‬ا‪ ِ n‬و‪ُ ِCHُ1‬‬
‫ '@ُ‪ ،‬وآ
ْ‬ ‫— أَ‪ ُ@D+‬ورَ‪َ 4‬‬ ‫ن ا‪َ H‬‬ ‫‪K‬أ‪D‬‬ ‫ك وا‪ِ G‬ة‪ .‬أَ‪p َG‬‬‫ب ا‪ِ )*p/‬‬ ‫‪ ْ3%‬ا‚نِ‪ ،‬و‪‚ ُ@ُ2*ُ1‬دا َ‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫ب و=) ُ‬ ‫‪ٍ ' ُ@ُُ%َ= ُ(9‬‬
‫‪ ً 2 -‬و")‪.ًD1‬‬
‫ن ‪ً !َ,‬‬
‫‪ُ )9َ -‬‬
‫— '‪ُ a‬ة‬
‫ل ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪ُ ),‬‬
‫ن!‬
‫س \ ا‪ِ DH‬‬
‫‪ ِ(%&V , ُ@ُ=)D " ْ3ُ9َ!ِ -‬ا ِ‬
‫— '‪ , ً %‬إ‪' ِ j‬مٍ‪ِ &ِ ،‬ر ‪%‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ H‬‬
‫‪t‬دتْ ا‪ُ /‬ء ِآ=ِ  '*‪)Z' -‬ر‪ُ *" ِ@ِ &َ ُCَ/َ, ،‬‬
‫<‪ ِ@َِZ -*' َo‬ورَ ِ@ِ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1 0َ ِ -‬ر ‪ 2‬و"&ْ ‪kH‬ا ‪ٍ $+ ,‬ة وا‪ٍ &+‬ة‪.‬‬
‫ ا!‪ْ&َ .ُ@َ*َ" 0َ *C‬‬‫ق ‪ &َ C‬أنْ ر‪َ ,‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪ ً C ِ—H‬ورا َء از ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬درو‪k I1‬ى '‪2 l ْ3‬‬ ‫‪D 9‬‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪0َ !/َ1‬‬ ‫‪َ " 7‬‬ ‫ن اار ِة وا‪ِ ُC‬‬
‫‪ K‬إ‪ -‬ا‪ , -D َ!, ًD1 ً %dُ] 0ِ C‬أ‪ِ $+‬‬ ‫إ* َ‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫ل ‪َ !aَ= %‬‬ ‫‪ ُ@ُ*" B‬أ ‪D‬و َ‬‫ب رو‪ ِ( d8 ُ@ُ+‬وا ِء‪ .‬أ‪)Z' D%‬ر ‪َ D!aَ!,‬‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ =َ!َ‪َ D H‬‬
‫') ُدُ‪َ " ،‬‬
‫‪) A‬ا (ِ ا!‪, ُ@ُ) .ِ(9‬رعٌ‪ُ@ُ4' ،‬‬
‫‪ُ :% d‬‬
‫ِ* (ِ وا)ر وا‪ ،ِ&Z.‬وَ  ‪ً)D‬ا ه‪ً ِL‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬رأُ@ُ ‪ٌ0<4‬‬
‫ع ‪ِ Z‬ة =) ٍ‬
‫‪ ْ3% ٌََ+ ُ &ُ ' ،ٌo/ُ%‬أ‪ِ +‬ر ا‪ِ )/‬ر ا‪ُ Ut ُ@ُ" ،ِK!C‬‬

‫‪100‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ ُ@ُ=/" ،ٌA‬وا‪ ُ(,‬ا!‪ِ  ٌ('!ُ% ٌ([*] ،ِW‬ء ا‪ِ G‬ة‪&D َ= .‬تْ " ‪ , ِ@aَ= , ُ@ُ=)D‬ا‪ِ C‬‬
‫‪ .E‬وأآ‪ْ3% ُ :‬‬
‫‪ A‬أو آَ*َ‪ ،ٍA‬و‪ٍ َ= ,‬م ‪ ْ3ِ%‬ا‪ 4‬وا!)‪ِ pj‬‬ ‫و=َ‪ ،ِ@ِ"Hِ ِ@ِ*pG‬و‪)%‬ا`*!ِ@ِ ِ‪ٍ َ*َ% d‬‬
‫—‪:‬‬
‫ل َ@ُ ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪ٍ D %‬ة " َ‬
‫ن!‬
‫س \ ‪ ِ(%&ِV ,‬ا‪ِ DH‬‬
‫‪ ِ(%&ِV , r‬ا ِ‬
‫‪َ ُ=)D " ْ3ُ9َ!ِ -‬‬
‫‪ r‬درو‪I1‬‬
‫ن ‪َ ِGَ$َ, .ُ@َ*:ِ%‬‬
‫‪ِ ‚*ِ ً Lُ% ُ@ِ% A‬‬
‫— ر]!َ@ُ ‪ ,‬أنْ ‪َ َC1‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ُ H‬‬‫ت ‪ٍ )1‬م أ'* َ‬‫وذا َ‬
‫ل ‪ -*' ً2*Cُ%‬ر](ِ ‪:ِ@ِZ‬‬
‫‪V‬اً‪َ , ،‬‬
‫ب اُ‪َ3Cَ!/‬؟‬
‫‪ِ )*ُ" , E‬‬
‫ن ه‪ ُ@َ*9‬ا‪k ٌ1&َt 0َ <D$‬نْ ‪ *ُ1‬ا' َ‬
‫‪ -‬أ\ =َى َأ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ُ@َ B‬‬
‫ل '‪ ْ3‬رَ]!ِ@ِ '&َ‪ %‬و‪َ 4‬‬ ‫‪ K‬درو‪ ،I1‬و‪ ُ@D9‬أُ‪ D ُ4‬إ‪ -‬ا‪&ُC‬و ِ‬ ‫َ‪ ْAَaGَ1 ْ0‬ا‪ِ *C!ِ ُ—H‬‬
‫ن ‪َ +‬ة '‪)Z‬ر \ =ُ‪Gِ ُ@ُaِC/‬لٍ‪ ،‬وأ‪mt'  D‬ةٌ '‪ Wِ 1)َ= ْ3‬اَ‪ْ3%  َ D}َ+ \ ،ِ0َ6‬‬ ‫أ‪D‬‬
‫‪ِ )8ُ" ْ3' d‬ر ِ '‪ِ}aَ+ ْ3‬‬ ‫ف "َ)ٍ‪ً $َ, ،‬‬ ‫ن ‪ِ )t ,‬‬ ‫ا‪dG‬و ِة واو(ِ‪ ،‬وآ‪p ِ َ=  ِ!َ)Hُ<ِ  Dk‬‬
‫س‬
‫‪ 3‬أ‪ , -َ ُ@D‬ا‪a‬دو ِ‬ ‫ا‪ِ )/‬ر ا)‪ .ِ(*1‬و" َ‪)Z' W‬ر ِ‪ ِ@ِ*C‬آ " َ‪ ،ِ@ِ=Gِ W‬و‪D l‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ &َ C ِ@ِ A‬و‪ِ ,‬ة واِ&َ‪ ِ@1‬ا‪ِ َD‬‬ ‫— =َ‪َ Da9‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ H‬‬ ‫‪ ْ3% ُ@َ A‬أ ‪D‬‬ ‫ق ‪َ " %‬‬ ‫‪َ &D َ` ْ& .A‬‬ ‫‪ َ ِV‚ -!+‬ا‪ِ t.‬‬
‫‪ ِ*:ِ A‬‬
‫‪p ِ[َ!/َ1 \ ٍ(+ِ ُ ', 7‬‬ ‫‰ ا‪U‬ي "َ ‪َ &D‬ر وَ‪َ D‬‬ ‫‪ٍ َ ََZ ْ3ِ% 3‬ة‪ .‬و‪ &َ َ+‬ا َ‬ ‫اَ)'َ ِ‬
‫— '‪ُ َ a‬ة أ‪ ُ@D‬ا!‪ً &ُ% ِ@ِ َ َjk‬ة آَ‪ْ
َa‬‬ ‫
رأى ا‪ُ H‬‬ ‫ت ا)" ِ‬ ‫ى ‚‪ , ُ V‬ا‪G‬ر ِة‪ .‬و‪ ,‬ذا ِ‬ ‫‪k%‬و ً‬
‫ف‪.‬‬‫‪ ْ3% ٍ(َ,ِ+ 3‬ا‪ِ َ ِG‬‬ ‫ن َ@ُ أنْ ‪ِ pَ*َ!ِ ُ@َ*ُِ1‬‬ ‫ن ا‪.‬وا ُ‬ ‫ِ!َ‪ ِ@ِ*C‬و=َ ‪ ِ@ِ1U‬وأ‪َ ‚ ُ@D‬‬
‫ت‬
‫‪  ِtdِ' , ْWَaَ= ْ0َ -‬ا)`‪ُ a‬‬ ‫— ِ‪ً ُG‬‬
‫ض ا‪ُ H‬‬‫ن أعَ‪ ،‬إذْ ‪َ َ%‬‬ ‫‪ A‬آ َ‬
‫ن ‪ 0َ !+‬ا‪ِ t.‬‬ ‫]َ َ أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ A‬إ‪ -‬ر‪ ِ(+‬ر ‪ ِ@D‬و‪)t‬ا ِر ِ‪ .‬وه‪U9‬ا و‪&t‬تْ ‪)% dِ  َ/a ُ(9‬ر ٍد أو "ُ&ر ٍة‬ ‫ا‪َ ََ!, ،ُ(DCH‬‬
‫‪)Z' 3‬ر و‪ً2j% ُ(9‬ا‬ ‫ع  َ‬
‫ن ا)دا ُ‬
‫‪ ْ
َ*+, A‬إ‪" ,  ِ!َ1َ" -‬ا*) ‪ ."ِ(D‬آ َ‬ ‫'*‪ -‬ا‪ِ C‬‬
‫\‬
‫ن ‪ ُ@Dk َ CZ %‬و‪ , ٌ&+‬دُ ِ‪ d‬سٍ‪ ،‬أ* ُ ‪ 0D‬إ ‪D‬‬‫ودا‪ ُ@ْ!َ*Dَ" .ً Cِ%‬و َر"‪ ُ@ْ!D‬و‪ ،ْ
$َ%‬و' َ‬
‫‪ ُ &ُ D‬ا‪ &ُ C‬درو‪.I1‬‬
‫ن ا<‪َ d‬ء ‪ 0ُ !*َ1‬ا‪Z.‬ءَ‪ ،‬وَأ‪p )َ1 ُ@D‬د أنْ‬
‫‪ً29َaَ!ُ% 3‬ا‪َ َ CZ .‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪)Z' A‬ر ‪ ِ@َaَt‬ا‪ِ [*6‬‬ ‫أََ َ‬
‫‪ B‬اُ‪َ %m‬ة ‪ ,‬اَ ِ)‪.‬‬ ‫ب ‪ِ " ,‬ة ا&ى‪ ،‬أو ‪ !1‬ا‪َ 1‬‬ ‫‪CZ K‬عَ ا‪ ،ِƒH‬أو ‪Uَ1‬و َ‬ ‫‪َ D*/!1‬‬
‫ض ‪ D,‬‬‫‪ A‬ا<‪ُ d‬ء ‪ ,‬ا‪.‬ر ِ‬ ‫ل َ@ُ إ‪p G1 %&' ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ً&ِ'` ً =)` 3‬ا ‪َ " ِ@ِ*" 0ِ َ` ْ3%‬‬ ‫‪D 9‬‬
‫ل‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ذي ا‪ِ d‬‬ ‫ت ا‪ِ +‬‬ ‫=!*‪ُ -‬ء ِ&‪ِ ,‬‬

‫‪101‬‬
 ‫ن أنْ ‪:ُ )َ Gَ َ ُ[1‬‬
‫‪ ُ@َk‬درو‪ I1‬دو َ‬
‫‪َrِ!ُ -*' A‬؟‬
‫‪ُ ُ8G! 7‬‬
‫‪ -‬آ َ‬
‫ل ِ!‪ٍ d/‬م‪:‬‬
‫‪ 3‬و" َ‬
‫‪ ِ@ََ' B‬ا‪ِ َ!ََ*َ/َC‬‬
‫‪َ َ!َaَ,‬‬
‫‪ 1 r‬درو‪.I1‬‬
‫‪َ ِ!%&V , -‬‬
‫ل درو‪ِ I1‬و ٍد‪:‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫
‪ ٍ(t+ ,‬إ‪ ِ(%&V -‬أ‪.&ٍ +‬‬
‫‪ُ /َ -‬‬
‫‪.E‬‬
‫ أنْ أذه َ‬
‫‪D َ*َ' -‬‬
‫‪&!/ُ% 0D ُj‬رآً ‪ ,‬ر‪ٍ t‬ء‪:‬‬
‫ف ِ)اُ؟‬
‫
ا‪U‬ي \ أ' ُ‬
‫‪َ= d‬آ!َ ‚وي إ‪ -‬ا ِ‬
‫‪-‬هَ ‪D‬‬
‫ق!‬
‫‪ -‬إ‪َ &ُ ُ, \ ٌ
 ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ٍ k, A‬ر ==ِ ُ‪)'k 0‬ا ِد‬
‫ف ‪ِ ُ(H<HV‬ر‪ِ ْt‬‬
‫ن ‪ً &%V‬ة ‪ .ً(*[ُ%‬وَ َ&تْ '‪ ْ3‬ا ‪2 D‬‬‫ &تْ ‪)َ,‬ه(ُ ا‪ِ ُa‬‬
‫‪ A‬درو‪:ُ@َ 0D j I1‬‬ ‫ف‪َ َCَ .‬‬‫ا‪ِ ):‬م ا ‪2‬‬
‫‪U= 3‬ه‪ُE‬؟‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫‰ وا‪.ٌ(C‬‬
‫‪ -‬دُ ا ِ‬
‫ل ‪:ً29 !ُ%‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫ف '  ‪ ،ًnZ‬وه أ"‪ُ )D 8َ!َ= Dِ% -/‬ر‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ C= \ r‬‬
‫‪ -‬و‪َ D9‬‬
‫ق ‪.ُ@%‬‬
‫‪ d‬أر=‪ُ m‬‬
‫ي ‪+‬لٍ‪ً ' ،‬‬
‫‪ -*' ،ُ&ِtk -‬أ ‪2‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪َ )Gَ= ْ3َ .K‬ز ‪ َ(َِj‬أ‪ !&ٍ َ+‬ا‪ُ )D !ُa‬ة ‪َ p[1‬‬
‫‪ r‬أآ ُ '‪ٍ L‬‬
‫‪ 3‬و‪َ ُ/t‬‬ ‫ب ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪َ 1HC‬‬ ‫‪ُ != r‬‬ ‫‪ -‬إ‪َ D‬‬
‫‪.r‬‬
‫‪ ً ')t r‬إذا ‪َ ِ=)D " -*' ْ&!Cَ= ْ0‬‬ ‫‪ُ * َ!َ .K‬‬
‫‪ٍ 1َ Wَ ِ" r‬‬
‫‪ ،ً12&G!ُ%‬وا!‪َ َُ/ْGَ1 ُ t‬‬
‫ل '‪ُ )Z‬ر ِ‪G‬ار ٍة‪:‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫‪102‬‬
 ‫‰ ‪Z‬هِ&ٌ!‬
‫‪ ِ(%&<ِ -‬اسِ‪ ،‬وا ُ‬
‫‪ -‬أَهُ  '‪ ْ3‬ر‪ً 4‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% r‬ا‪ِ َ6‬ء!‬
‫‪ r‬إذا ‪َ D<ُ% ْAِ/6َ= ْ0‬‬
‫‪َ &L, \ -‬ة ‪ِ ِ=)D " ْ3%‬‬
‫‪)aG% E‬ظ‪ ُ(G*%) ،‬ا‪G‬ا‪8!ِ (I,‬ف‪ ،‬دار ‪ ،('* 8%‬ا‪ (C‬اا ‪،(C‬‬
‫‪ ،1985‬ص ‪.14-7‬‬

‫‪Questions about the text‬‬ ‫أ ل ا‪G‬‬

‫أ‪ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أ‪ ْ $%‬ا‪ #‬ا"!‪:‬‬
‫— ا)&َ؟‬
‫‪ 3‬و‪ &َ t‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪ .1‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ن ذ‪َr‬؟‬
‫
‪ ْ3%‬ا) ِم آ َ‬
‫ي و" ٍ‬
‫‪ , .2‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ذا `ُ ِ& َم درو‪ِ@2ِ , &ٍ )ِ ً(َCD")َ !ُ% ً(َ%&` I1‬؟‬
‫‪ kَ H 7‬درو‪)Z' ْ3' ً a*!<ُ% I1‬ر؟‬
‫‪ .4‬آ َ‬
‫‪)Z' A‬ر ‪ًLُ%‬؟‬
‫— ‪َ Cِ ُ@َ!V‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ذا ] َ ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪)Z' A‬ر ِ!‪ً(,+ 0َ *C‬؟‬
‫— أنْ ‪َ ُِ1‬‬
‫‪َ " -!% .6‬ر ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫ض ا‪ُ—H‬؟‬
‫ي ‪ٍ Z‬ء ‪َ %‬‬
‫‪2 k .7‬‬
‫ ِ‪)ZC‬ر ‪ &َ C‬و‪ِ ,‬ة ا‪ِ—H‬؟‬
‫‪% .8‬ذا  َ‬
‫‪ % .9‬ه ‪)Z' ُ(*9Hُ%‬ر ‪ ,‬رأي درو‪I1‬؟‬
‫‪ِ@ِ)َ" E‬؟‬
‫‪ E‬درو‪ I1‬رز"َ@ُ‪َ /َ+ ،‬‬
‫‪ُ /9 7‬‬
‫‪ .10‬آ َ‬
‫ب‪/ .‬ابٌ أمْ ‪ٌ+,-‬؟ أُآ"ُْ ‪ /‬أُآ"ُ‪ $%‬ا‪ 8َ 9‬ا‪ !345ِ6 +,7‬ا‪:R‬‬
‫ح‪.‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪ِ 8‬‬
‫‪)Z' E‬ر '&‪Z %‬ه َ& ا) َ& ‪ ,‬ذ َ‬
‫‪َ DCَ= .1‬‬

‫‪103‬‬
 .ً 1َ= ‫ت‬
ٍ ‫ ُ )ا‬H' I1‫)ر ودرو‬Z' ‫ 'ُي‬3
َ َ ‫ق‬
ُ a‫ أ‬.2
.ِ@ِ/aَ ْ3' Wُ ِ,‫َُ&ا‬, I1‫ ِ&رو‬2 H‫ ا‬A
ُ ‫ش أه‬
ُ D G!َ1 .3
.ً '‫ر‬, ُ@ُ4'‫ ً و‬/ُ% ‫)ر‬Z' ‫ل‬
ُ ) ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.4
.ِ@ِ=+‫*ِ@ِ و‬Cِ ‫)ر‬Z' Wَ " .5
.ِ@V‫ أ‬A
ُ :% ‫)ر‬Z' ‫ن‬
D ‫َ(َ أ‬+ I1‫ درو‬A
َ Dََ= .6
.‫ َة‬a' —
ِ H‫ج ا‬
ِ ‫ َ& زوا‬C  ٍ!َ1" -‫(ُ إ‬9 ْ
Ct‫ ر‬.7
.0ِ *C! ْWِa!َ1 ْ0 ُ Vَ‫ن أ‬
D.—
ُ H‫ ا‬7
َ ِ‫ أ‬.8
.ً2ُ% I1‫ [ َ إ  درو‬%&' ُ(9 ْ
َِ$َ] .9
.ِ@ِZ ِ@t‫ و‬-*' ‫ح‬
َ ‫— اُو‬
ُ H‫ه َ& ا‬Z .10

Functional Expression &َ'()‫رات ا‬,'‫أ‬

!‰
ِ ‫َْ(َ ا‬+‫ َر‬1 Oh, God mercy!

!D DH‫‰ ا‬
ُ ‫ ا‬-aَ‫آ‬ May Allah stop evil!

.‫َا َر ٍة‬+‫س و‬
ٍ َGِ ْ
َ" She warmly said with
enthusiasm.

!‫ب‬
ِ R‫ ا‬, ٌAَ%‫  أ‬K
َ َ1 ْ0َ I have no chance to have a
child!

.ً29َHَ!ُ% ‫ل‬
ُ )َ1 He said complaining.

!ٌ0+َ‫)رٌ ر‬aَ] ‰
ُ ‫َأ‬ Allah is forgiving and
merciful!

104
.ً D*َ% A
ِ a2‫ ا‬-‫رَ إ‬ He looked at the baby
carefully.

.‫ َ ًة‬/َ1‫َْَ(ً و‬1 ُ@َ ْt‫ك َو‬

َ D َ+ He moved his face right and
left.

.3
ِ َ‫ق ا‬
ِ َ َCِ "‫ رِز‬-*' A
ُ َ8ْ+‫ َأ‬2‫إ‬ I earn my living honestly.

‫؟‬2ِ% Wُ D")َ َ!َ=‫أ‬ Do you expect me?

‫؟‬2DH‫ وا‬7
ِ ُC‫ ا‬A
َ ْ‫ ُ& َأه‬2*َُ=‫أ‬ Do you follow violent and evil
people?

.‫ْ! ًء‬/ُ%

ِ ْD8 —
ُ DH‫\ َذ ا‬ Annoyed, the Shaikh kept silent.

.ُ@َ Dِ% َ :‫' أَآ‬D&َ1 \ He does not claim more than

his own.

!‫ن‬
ِ DH‫س \ ا‬
ِ D‫َ(ِ ا‬%&ِV , ُ@ُ=)D " ْ3ُ9َ!ِ Let his strength be in
peoples’ service, not Satan!

‫ ِ ' ٍم‬j‫ إ‬, ً %' year after year

A
ٍ َ*َ‫ أو آ‬A
ٍ َ*َ% dِ without being bored or tired

‫ََ َ ٍة‬Z ْ3ِ% 3

ِ َ')َ‫@ِ ا‬1&َ ِ‫وا‬ his realtiveless parents

‫َ؟‬rِ!َُْ -*' A
ُ ُ8ْGَ!َ 7
َ َ‫آ‬ How would you get your food?

!&ٍ َ+‫َِ(َ أ‬j ‫) َز‬Gَ= ْ3َ None will trust you!

.K
ٍ 1َ Wَ ِ" r
َ َُ/ْGَ1 Anyone would consider you
a highway robber.

!ٌ&ِ‫ه‬Z ‰
ُ ‫َأ‬ Allah is my witness!

105
Grammar ِ‫ا‬$%‫ا‬
1. Defective Verbs in Arabic normally end with long vowels ‫ي‬ ،‫ا‬ or ‫ ى‬as in:

'‫د‬ -%َ‫ر‬ 
َ َ
In the Present Indicative Mood these verbs follow the following patterns:

)'&َ1 - 'َ‫د‬ %َ1 - -%َ‫ر‬ -*َ1 - 

َ َ

1.1. Notice that the masculine plural ‫ن‬

َ )*َ1 and ‫ن‬
َ )*َ= are diphthongized to:
‫ن‬
َ )*َ1 and ‫ن‬
َ )َْ*َ=
1.2. Also notice that the masculine plural of ‫ن‬
َ )%َ1 and ‫ن‬
َ )%َ= are diphthongized
to:

‫ن‬
َ )%َ1 and ‫ن‬
َ )%َ=
1.3. The masculine plural of ‫ن‬
َ ‫ =َ&ْ')و‬and ‫ن‬
َ ‫َ&')و‬1 are shortened to:
‫ن‬
َ )'ْ&َ= and ‫ن‬
َ )'&َ1
2. Broken Plural /9D!‫ ا‬Wَt
Although no hard and fast rule can be given for what broken plural pattern or
patterns will emerge from a given singular, a few general observations can be
made on the ACَ, and Aِ', patterns.

106
2.1. ACَ, as a noun pattern (not adjectival) generally produce a diptote plural ‫ء‬dCُ, ,
as in:

‫ُآء‬Z - r1َZ
2.2. ACَ, as an adjectival pattern usually gives a plural on the pattern ‫ل‬Cِ, , as in:

‫ آِر‬- َ‫آ‬
2.3. The pattern ACَ, which ends with ‫ ي‬gives a diptote plural pattern ‫ء‬dِC,‫ أ‬, as
in :

‫ َأْء‬- َ
2.4. The pattern ACَ, for doubled root ( WCَ, ) gives a diptote on the plural pattern
‫ء‬dِCْ,‫ َأ‬, as in:
‫اء‬D&ِZ‫ َأ‬- &1&َZ
2.5. A', as a concrete noun, not with participle force, commonly gives a plural on
the pattern ‫ل‬DCُ, , with alternate (َ*َCَ, . Although both plurals are potential, only one
of the two may be in actual or common use. Examples are:

(ََ!َ‫ب – آ‬D!ُ‫ – آ‬Eِ=‫آ‬

2.6. An important subgroup of this type which ends with Nunation ‫ع‬
ٍ , has the
plural pattern of ‫ة‬Cُ, as in:
‫ة‬$ُ" - ‫ض‬
ٍ "
3. You remember that the Assimilated Verbs in Arabic which begin with , drop
that initial radical altogether in the imperfect as in:

A
ُ ِ8َ1 - A
َ َ`‫َو‬

107
3.1. The doubled verb does not drop the initial ‫ و‬in the imperfect but forms a
regular paradigm on the pattern of doubled verbs.

‫د‬p )َ َ1 - ‫د‬D ‫َو‬

3.2. A verb like -Zَ‫ و‬combines the prediictable loss of the initial radical common
to Assimilated Verbs and the inflectional patterns of the Defective Verb, as in:

Hَ1 - -Zَ‫و‬

Drill #1 ‫ول‬.‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Use the words and phrases in the Functional Expression List in good sentences:

Drill #2 2‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Please choose the correct options:

!2 DH‫ ا‬A

َ ‫ َ& أه‬2*َُ= ْ‫ أن‬-D=‫ْ أ‬0َ‫ آ‬.1
:'‫
أ‬
ُ ُ‫ آ‬،ٌ7‚

2 G‫ ا‬A
َ ‫ أه‬.‫ت‬ ِ َ<‫ ا‬A
َ ‫ أه‬.‫ب‬ ِ(َ!ِa‫ ا‬A
َ ‫ أه‬.‫أ‬
.‫ك‬
ِ )*p/‫ب ا‬
ِ ‫ْ ‚دا‬3% ٌ:َ‫ا ا)َ َ& آ‬U‫ ُم ه‬mَ *َ1 .2
:ACِa‫ ا‬-C%
-‫ج إ‬
ُ !Gَ1 .‫ت‬ -D*ََ!َ1 .‫ب‬ 0ُ D*َCَ!1 .‫ا‬

.A
ِ `.‫— ' َ& ا‬
ِ H‫ ا‬%َ&َ" &َ ' ƒ
ُ ِ*1 ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.3

108
 ‫
‪:‬‬
‫ن ا)" ُ‬
‫آ َ‬
‫ت‪ً /َ% .‬ء‬ ‫ب‪ً ُl .‬ا‬ ‫أ‪ً+َ` .‬‬

‫ب‪.‬‬
‫‪ K‬و&َه ' ٍ‬
‫‪p .‬م =َ‪ُ ُ%‬‬
‫‪ .4‬آ
ْ ا ُ‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪:ACa‬‬
‫ت‪ُ@ُ[ِaGُ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪ ُ ُ[َ= .‬إ@ِ‬ ‫أ‪ُ@pِGُ= .‬‬

‫— '‪ُ a‬ة ا) َ& ‪:,‬‬

‫‪ .5‬و‪ &َ َt‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬اِ‪0ِ /‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اََ ‪2‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪Wِ %‬‬

‫— '‪ُ a‬ة‪:‬‬
‫ض ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪َ ِ َ% %َ&ِ' .6‬‬
‫ت ‪ً(DCَZ‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ‪ Uَ V‬و`‪ٍ a‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬زا َر ‪ &َ ِ/َ%‬ا‪ِ /ُG‬‬
‫‪ E‬إ‪ -‬اُ‪-aH!/‬‬
‫ت‪َ .‬ذهَ َ‬

‫ن '‪)Z‬ر‪:‬‬
‫‪ &ُ َِ!Cَ1 .7‬درو‪ I1‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‬
‫ي و]َ ‬
‫ت‪ )َ" .‬‬ ‫‬
‫ب‪ َ] .‬‬ ‫ي‬
‫أ‪ )َ" .‬‬

‫ل ِ‪ َ(9/‬إ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ه‪ َo‬درو‪ I1‬ا‪َ " 0َ */‬‬
‫‪َ + .8‬‬
‫‪109‬‬
 ‫ن‬
‫ت‪ُ ')َt .‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪ُ H' .‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫أ‪ُ /C .‬‬

‫ل درو‪:I1‬‬
‫‪َ " % .9‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‰ ‪ ُ}aG1‬ا‪َ %‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ ُ‬
‫‪ 7‬وا‪ِ H‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ ُC‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬أُ"* ُ& أه َ‬
‫‪ِ@*' E‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه) ‪ُ َGُ1 %‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ُ C‬‬

‫ن درو‪:I1‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أ)ا"ِ ُ‪ W‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫ن آ‪ً ِ%‬‬
‫أ‪ َ}a+ .‬اُ‚ َ‬
‫ ا‪ِ )/‬ر‬
‫ب‪َ C َ}a+ .‬‬
‫ت‪َ ) ْ}aGَ1 ْ0 .‬ر ًة وا‪ً &َ ِ+‬ة‬

‫ن '‪)Z‬ر‪:‬‬
‫لإ‪D‬‬
‫ƒ `‪ ً GG‬أنْ ) َ‬
‫‪َ َ .11‬‬
‫ف‬
‫ت‪ 'D&َ1 .‬أآ‪ُ Cَ1 % َ :‬‬ ‫
‬
‫‪ 7‬اَ َ‬
‫ب‪ُ 2[ُ1 .‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ا& َ)‬
‫أ‪ُ 1 .‬‬

‫‪ " ُ(9 ْ
k .12‬هَ‪ , .......... ْA‬ا‪ِ0/‬؟ "‬
‫ت‪ُ@َ)Cِ4ُ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ@َ)*/6َ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ِ [ُ1 .‬وَ@ُ‬

‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ت ‪ِ \CaR .......... َ(9‬‬
‫ن `) ُ‬
‫‪ .13‬آ َ‬
‫‪110‬‬
 ‫ت‪ًَC!ُ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ًَCaُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً D*َ% .‬‬

‫‪ ......... ْ3ِ% .14‬أنْ ُ@ِ أآ‪.6َ1 Dِ% َ َ:‬‬

‫‪:E‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر اُِ ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬اَ‪ِ(َ$‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا‪2 َG‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا<‪k‬‬

‫ن ‪ -َ*َ!َ= َ(9‬إ ‪ ........ ً %‬؟‬

‫‪3‬أ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ .15‬أ=َ[ُ ‪p‬‬
‫ت‪ِ َ $َGِ .‬ة‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪ِ DHِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪-42ِ .‬‬

‫ك ‪ ْ3ِ% ........‬ا ‪ِ )D‬ة ‪ ,‬ه‪U‬ا ا‪%Dm‬نِ؟‬

‫ن هُ َ‬
‫‪3‬أ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .16‬أ\ =َ[ُ ‪p‬‬
‫ت‪ً &َ L, .‬ة‬ ‫ب‪َ dِ= .‬و ًة‬ ‫أ‪ً َ] .‬ء‬

‫— '‪ُ a‬ة ‪k‬نْ ‪ Uَ ُVk1‬ا) َ& إ‪:-‬‬

‫‪ B‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪َ ِ8ُ .17‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ(َpH‬‬ ‫
‬
‫ب‪ .‬اَ ِ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اَ‪&ِ ِ/‬‬

‫‪:&ِ ) A‬‬

‫‪ .18‬إ"!َ َ‪ ُ(9 ْ
َ+‬أنْ =َ!َ‪َ Daَ9‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫أ‪ &ُ 1ُ=  D. .‬ذِ َ‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫— '‪َ a‬ة ‪ &ُ 1ُ1‬ذِ َ‬
‫ن ا‪َ H‬‬
‫ب‪D . .‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ن ذِ َ‬
‫— '‪َ a‬ة ‪&1ُ1‬ا ِ‬
‫ت‪  D. .‬وا‪َ H‬‬

‫‪111‬‬
 ‫‪:A‬‬
‫‪ .19‬أ'َ
ْ ‪ ُ(9‬ا‪َ a2‬‬
‫—‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ َ‪ 0‬وا ِ& ا‪ِ H‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إ َ‪ 0‬وا ِ& درو‪I1‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إ َ‪ 0‬وا&ِه‬

‫ن ' ُ درو‪:I1‬‬
‫— ا) َ& آ َ‬
‫‪ %&' .20‬و‪ &َ َt‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫ت‪ً( 20 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً( 15 .‬‬ ‫ت‬
‫أ‪) 10 .‬ا ٍ‬

‫‪ A‬درو‪:I1‬‬
‫‪َ ِ' .21‬‬
‫\‬
‫ت‪ً Dَ+ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ , .‬ا‪0ِ /‬‬ ‫أ‪ًLُ% .‬‬

‫‪ ْWِaَ!َ1 ْ0َ .22‬درو‪:I1‬‬

‫ت‪ِ ْnِ .‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫ب‪ِ D!ُ9ِ .‬‬ ‫„‬
‫أ‪)Gِ .‬ا‪ِ ِL‬‬

‫‪ ُ@َk 3‬أَ‪:ُ )V‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ا‪َ 1HِC‬‬
‫‪ £َ * %&ِ' .23‬درو‪D ِ I1‬‬
‫ن ‪َ}aَ+‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬آَ‪) ْ0‬ر ًة ‪ ْ3%‬ا‚ ِ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ك ا‪َ D!ُ9‬‬
‫ب‪ِ.‬ذا =َ َ َ‬ ‫ج‬
‫أ‪D mَ َ!َ1 -!% .‬و ُ‬

‫— '‪َ َ a‬ة‪:‬‬
‫ل ‪ِ +‬ة ا‪ِ H‬‬
‫‪َ dِV .24‬‬
‫أ‪&ِ &َ ُCَ .‬رو‪ I1‬وَ<َ‪)Z' -*' َo‬ر‬
‫ب‪)ZCِ &َ ُCَ .‬ر وَ<َ‪ -*' َo‬درو‪I1‬‬

‫‪112‬‬
 ‫ت‪)ZCِ &َ ُCَ .‬ر ودرو‪ I1‬وَ<َ‪ِ *َ' َo‬‬

‫‪:&ِ َ) A‬‬

‫‪ .25‬أرا َدتْ ‪ ُ(9‬أنْ =َ!َ‪َ Daَ9‬‬
‫أ‪ٌAَt ُ@D. .‬‬
‫ن ا‪ &ُ 1ُ= \ َ(َpH‬أنْ =‪ُ Uَ ُVk‬‬
‫ب‪D . .‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ƒ 'َ&َه أَ‪ , ٌA%‬ا‪ِ ْR‬‬
‫ت‪َ  ُ@D. .‬‬

‫‪Drill # 3‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬ا‪32‬‬

‫أ‪LDَ .‬ك ‪LDَ /‬آ‪ $‬اُ‪ 8َ 9‬ا"! َ‪:‬‬

‫‪C= .1‬ف أ‪Z‬ء آ‪:‬ة‪ ،‬و‪ &Z1 3% &1 &Z!/1 3%‬و‪ %
k‬ه) ‪.&) A',‬‬
‫‪+ .2‬ك اُىء ا‪ 1$‬و‪ (1 @ t‬و‪/1‬ة‪ ،‬و"ل ‪ 7k‬إ@ ‪!9 Wa!1 0‬ب ا‰‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬و"
آن ا‪k *% 9a1 —H‬ل ‪ 0‬ه‪ W")!1 A‬أن ‪ 3' a<1‬أ‪.$1 % @V‬‬
‫‪" .4‬ل ‪C!%‬ض إ@ ‪ 3% }aG1 0‬ا‚ن )رة‪ ،‬وا‪ AC‬ه) ‪.@*' EG1 %‬‬
‫‪ .5‬إ@ ‪ -*' A8G1‬رز"@ ‪C‬ق ا‪ 3‬و‪ ,‬و‪& @ t‬وب ‪C1 0‬ف ا‪. kZ —H‬‬
‫‪ .6‬أدرك أن ا‪%‬أة أ‪ &" @V‬و‪،E%  %, @
Z‬وه 'آ‪ -*' (a‬ا‪CZ‬ل ا‪a‬ن‪.‬‬
‫‪\CaR 0Ca%
` -*= .7‬ت ‪ 0!= -!+‬ا‪k —H‬ن اء '*‪ -‬ا)& ‪.kV‬‬
‫‪ /+ .8‬ا‪ —H‬ا‪ @! t 3' (%C‬ارزة ‪ ($" A:%‬ا&رة و=‪/‬ءل ]‪.E4‬‬
‫‪
" 0j .9‬ا‪m‬و‪ (t‬وه =!*‪ -‬إ م ‪   K1 0 @k -4‬أ‪ , A%‬ا‪R‬ب!‬
‫‪ .10‬أَ‪ (َG‬ه أن ا‪ —H‬أَ‪ @+‬ور‪ ،@' 4‬وآ
‪' @%= (9‬ب ‪.&1&Z‬‬

‫‪113‬‬
 ‫ ا‪!94‬ت ا"! "‪:9 89 C4‬‬
‫ب‪َ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أي ‪َ PDP‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ه) هَ‪.ْA‬‬
‫ك إ‪ ُ@َ)Cِ4ُ1 0ِ /ِ" -‬ا‪ ِ(pH‬و‪D 9‬‬
‫‪ ِ@ِ E‬هُ َ‬
‫ل أذهَ َ‬
‫‪ .1‬أنْ َ‪ )Gَ8‬ا‪/‬ا َ‬
‫ل دِرا‪  ِ!1‬وه ‪َ ْ0‬ذآًَا ]‪ ً4‬و\ أُ‪.-:‬‬
‫— '‪ ْ3‬و=َ‪َ /‬ء َ‬
‫ح =ُ‪ ْE‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪َ ` .2‬‬
‫€ ا) ِ& ‪ َ َ [َ1‬و‪ِ[َ!َ1‬وا ‪.ُ@َ' ْ3َ% -D!+‬‬
‫‪ .3‬أنْ إ"!َ َ‪ -*' ْ
َ+‬ا‪Dm‬و‪)ُ1 ُ(َt‬ا ‪ُ ُGَ1‬‬
‫س `‪ ً+‬و‪+‬ا َر ٍة أ< َ‪ ْ3َ% k‬ا) َ&‪.‬‬
‫— ِ‪ٍ َG‬‬
‫ن زَو‪ Wَ Dَ4 kُV ُ(َt‬ا‪ِ H‬‬
‫‪D k ْ
َ" .4‬‬
‫ن‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ 0ِ D*/‬أ‪ ُ )V‬وه) اُ‪ِ )a‬‬
‫‪ُ َ:ُ% ْ3% 3‬‬
‫— '‪ُ َ a‬ة ‪ , ،‬ه‪ِ + َo‬‬
‫‪َ " 2*َ8ُِ .5‬م ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫ ِ*َ‪.ِ@ِ!Cِ &ِ ِ/‬‬
‫‪ A‬و‪2 َ)ِ ٍ , $َ1‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪)G‬ا‪ ،ِ„L‬آُ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ُ )َ1 .6‬م و‪ِZ‬ا ِء اَ
ِ‪ِ [َ!ِ ،‬‬
‫‪ُ )' A‬د ُ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ " 0َ !/َ1 7‬‬
‫ن ‪ -D َ!,‬اار ِة أنْ وا‪ِ ُC‬‬
‫‪ , ً%dُ] K‬أ‪ِ $+‬‬
‫‪ ً D1َ .7‬إ* َ‬
‫‪ A‬رأى آَ درو‪ٍ dُ6ِ I1‬م ا)&َ‪ 6َ1 ،‬ا‪ِ ZC‬ة ‪.ِ ِ ُ' , ْ3%‬‬
‫‪ .8‬و'ِ&َ‪ُ %‬ذهِ َ‬
‫‪ K‬ا‪ِ )p/‬ر‪.‬‬
‫ن ‪,‬ر'ً‪ ،‬و'‪ًََ+ ْ3% ،ً/ُ% ُ@ُ) ُ@ُ4‬ا و' ُ& ُ أ‪ِ +‬ر ا‪ِ !C‬‬
‫‪ .9‬آ َ‬
‫‪ r‬درو‪ I1‬ر]!َ@ُ‪.‬‬
‫— ‪)Z' ً Lُ% ِAَCt ,‬ر ‪ًV ُ@َ*:ِ%‬ا ‪َ ِGَ4‬‬
‫‪ %َ&ِ' 3‬ا‪ُ DH‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أ'*َ َ‬

‫‪Drill # 4‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬اا!‪4‬‬

‫‪Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:‬‬

‫— '‪ُ a‬ة ا) َ&‪:‬‬

‫‪َ )1 .1‬م َو‪ &َ َt‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫أ‪ً2Vk!ُ% -D*َ` .‬ا‬
‫ب‪ W%t , -D*َ` .‬ا‪3/G‬‬
‫
‬
‫ت‪ُ d` ُ@!=, .‬ة ا‪ , ِ a‬اَ ِ‬

‫‪. .... A‬‬

‫ش  أه ُ‬
‫‪ .2‬أُدا‪ُ G!1 /a ْ3' Wُ ,‬‬

‫‪114‬‬
 ‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ا‪ُ !V.‬ر ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا<َ ِ‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪2 DH‬‬ ‫‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪2 G‬‬

‫‰ "&ْ َوهََ  رِز"ً‪.‬‬

‫نا َ‬
‫‪ ُ(9 ْ
" .3‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪:ACa‬‬
‫ت‪ َ=, .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ'ه‬ ‫أ‪ .‬رَ إ ‬

‫‪ ْ
" .4‬وا&= ِ‪" 0ٍ ِ ٍ ْ6َ:‬أَ‪"!ِ‰ &ُ G‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪C‬ر ِة ه)‪:‬‬
‫ت‪0ٍ ِ &Š َ<ِ .‬‬ ‫‪ٍ(َِ 3‬‬
‫ب‪ٍ َCِ .‬‬ ‫ا‪0ِ ِ 0ٍ َaِ .‬‬

‫‪ A‬درو‪Z %َ&ِ' I1‬ه َ& ا)&َ‪.‬‬

‫‪ُ .5‬ذهِ َ‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أَ‪ُ Cِa‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ت‪َ DَCَ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪D َ َ= .‬د َد‬ ‫أ‪Wَ َ !َ= .‬‬

‫‪ ْ
َCَ !َ= .6‬ا‪ُ D1.‬م '*‪ -‬أ‪ِ 6‬م ا‪.&ِ Z.‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪D َ% .‬تْ‬ ‫ب‪ْ
َ*ََZ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إر=َ‪ْ
َCَa‬‬

‫‪115‬‬
 ‫‪ E‬أ‪َ 6‬م ا‪ &ِ Z.‬ا‪.ِ($%6‬‬
‫‪p ِGُ \ .7‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪:&َ Z.‬‬
‫‪ C1 r‬أ‪ُ 2$ّaُ D‬‬
‫ذ ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬اَ)‪َ ),‬ر َة‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اَ‪ْC‬و‪َ(َ,‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اََُ(َ‬

‫‪.A‬‬
‫‪َ 3‬أ‪mَ ِt'  D‬ةٌ '‪ ْ3‬ا‪ِ C‬‬
‫‪p ُ[َ= \ .8‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪: D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪ٌ(َِ*[ُ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪&َ ِ%V .‬ةٌ‬ ‫أ‪ِ " .‬د َرةٌ‬

‫— =َ‪ &َ C ُ@َ*Daَ9‬و‪ِ ,‬ة وا&‪.ِ@1‬‬

‫ن ا‪َ H‬‬
‫‪)Z' ...... .9‬ر َأ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُِ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ق‬
‫ت‪َ &D َ` .‬‬ ‫ب‪َ &D َ" .‬ر‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫أ‪َ Dَ .‬‬

‫ف‪.‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% ً(َ,ِ+ 3‬ا‪ِ َ ِG‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أَرَ*َ@ُ أ ) ُ إ‪ -‬ا&‪َ Dَ*َ!َِ ِ(1‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪0َ D*َCَ!َِ .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪D ِ[َ!/َِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪-D َ َ!َِ .‬‬

‫‪ َ(9 3‬و'‪)Z‬ر ‪. .......‬‬

‫ع  َ‬
‫ن ا)دا ُ‬
‫‪ .11‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬دا‪ًCِ%‬‬ ‫ب‪ً !/ُ% .‬ء‬ ‫أ‪ًَِ!Gُ% .‬‬

‫‪116‬‬
 ‫‪.r‬‬
‫‪ ً ')t r‬إذا َ‪َ ِ/aَ -*' ْ&َِ!Cَ= ْ0‬‬
‫‪ُ َ* َ!َ .12‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Cِa‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ت‪ُ ُ/ْGَ!َ .‬‬ ‫ت‬
‫ب‪ُ )َ!َ .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪ُ ِ/ْ6َ!َ .‬‬

‫‪.K‬‬
‫‪ ........ .13‬ا‪ٍ 1 Wَ ِ" ُ(%)9G‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ا‪ُ !V.‬ر ] ُ اُِ ِ‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ت‪َ ُُ/Gَ= .‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫ب‪َ ُِ َ= .‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫أ‪َ pُ[َ= .‬‬

‫ن‪:‬‬
‫‪)Z' A‬ر ‪D . ً Lُِ%‬‬
‫ل '‪k ِ@ِ=َ 9, ْ3‬نْ ‪َ َCَ1‬‬
‫— إ‪ -‬ا‪&ُC‬و ِ‬
‫‪ُ .14‬أ‪ D َْ4‬ا‪ُ DH‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫أ‪)Z' .‬ر َ‪ ُ@ِْCُ1 ْ0‬ذ َ‬
‫ب‪ .‬درو‪ ْ3ِ% َ َ<َ I1‬ا‪ِ َ 9ِa‬ة‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ت '‪)Z‬ر ]َ ُ ‪ٍ ِُ%‬‬
‫ت‪َ )` .‬‬

‫
َ‪"!ُAَ" ْ3ِ% ِُ= ْ0‬‬
‫‪ r‬وأ ِ‬
‫— "‪ %‬درا‪ِ ُ!َ1‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪َ " .15‬‬
‫‪:A‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪Hُ= ْ0َ .‬هِ&ي‬ ‫ب‪&ِ*َ= ْ0َ .‬ي‬ ‫أ‪َ*َ= ْ0َ .‬‬

‫‪َ .16‬و‪&ِ ُ(9 ْ

َZ‬رو‪: D. I1‬‬
‫ت‪ ْ3' aْ<ُ= \ .‬زَو‪ًnَZ  ِt‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ 6َ= .‬ر '*‪ٍ )Z' -‬ر‬ ‫أ‪ُ@pِGُ= \ .‬‬
‫‪117‬‬
 ‫— '‪ُ َ a‬ة‪:‬‬
‫ ا‪ُ DH‬‬
‫‪ &َ C .17‬أنْ =)‪َ 2,‬‬
‫أ‪َ .‬ر‪ ُ(9 ْ
َCَt‬إ‪ ِ!َ1َ" -‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ر‪ Wَ % ُ(9 ْ
َ*+‬درو‪I1‬‬
‫
أ‪َ َV‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ!ََ*َ
ْ ‪)Z' Wَ %‬ر إ‪ٍ َ -‬‬

‫ب ا‪ٍ )!ُaِ -!a‬ر‪.‬‬

‫‪ .18‬أَ‪َ t‬‬
‫'َ‪ً)a‬ا أ"‪:&ُ ِ8‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ َkَ ِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ٍ َaَ[ِ .‬‬ ‫س‬
‫أ‪ٍ َGِ .‬‬

‫‪ ْ3% r‬ا‪ِ(َ!ِa‬؟‬

‫‪ .19‬أ\ =َ<ْ‪َ ِ/aَ -*' -H‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Cِa‬‬
‫ت‪&ُ 2*َُ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ )َ= .‬م‬ ‫ف‬
‫أ‪ُ <َ= .‬‬

‫ب‪.‬‬
‫‪ ْWِaَ!َ1 ْ0َ .20‬ا) ُ& ‪ِ D!ُ9‬‬
‫س ‪:,‬‬
‫ه‪U‬ا ‪ C1‬أ‪ ُ@D‬د َر َ‬
‫س ا‪ِ(Dt.‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬اَ&ار ِ‬ ‫س ا‪ِ(َ%)9ُG‬‬
‫ب‪&َ% .‬ار ِ‬ ‫س اَ‪&ِ ِt/‬‬
‫أ‪&َ% .‬ار ِ‬

‫ك‪".‬‬
‫‪ِ p ُ$َ1 % r‬‬
‫‪ ْ
" .21‬ا‪p .‬م ‪ ْ3َ"  ِ!َ R‬أ‪ِ ْَ' aْV‬‬
‫‪118‬‬
 ‫‪:r‬‬
‫ƒ ذ َ‬
‫'‪ُ 9‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ت‪ِ ُ2َ*ُ1 % .‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫ب‪ِ ُCَaَ1 % .‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫أ‪ِ ُ%&ِ 81 % .‬‬

‫‪ََ= d‬آ!َ ‚وي إ‪ -‬اَ

ِ؟‬
‫‪ .22‬هَ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪C‬ر ِة‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬هَ‪ َ!k ْA‬أنْ‬ ‫ب‪ .‬هَ‪َ ْA‬ذآ‪ َ=D‬أنْ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬هَ‪ ُِ9ُ1 ْA‬أنْ‬

‫— '*‪ -‬أ‪ ِ@V‬ورَ ِ@ِ‪.‬‬

‫‪ َoَ<َ .23‬ا‪ُ H‬‬
‫‪:) , r‬‬
‫‪َ U‬‬
‫ت‪ُ@ِ% ٌِCَ!ُ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ِ@*' ٌK2*َCُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ِ@, ُ 29َaُ% .‬‬

‫‪.A‬‬
‫‪&D ََ= .24‬تْ " ‪ , ِ@aَ= , ُ@ُ=)D‬ا‪ِ َC‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ 'ََ*َ@ُ‬
‫ت‪ُ ُ,َ1 .‬‬ ‫‪ُ@َ*ََ' E‬‬
‫ب‪p ِGُ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ@َ*ََ' ُ َ 9َ1 .‬‬

‫‪.3‬‬
‫ب اُ‪َ Cَِ!/‬‬
‫‪ِ )*ُ" , E‬‬
‫‪ &ُ َِ!Cَ= .25‬أ‪ *ُ1 ُ@D‬ا‪َ 'p‬‬
‫أي أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ش ُِ‪َ Cَِ!/‬‬
‫ت‪ُ D َGَ!َ1 .‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ 7‬اُ‪َ Cَِ!/‬‬
‫ب‪ُ <ُ1 .‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫أ‪ &ُ 2*َُ1 .‬اُ‪َ Cَِ!/‬‬

‫‪119‬‬
Reading Exercise ‫اءة‬%‫ ا‬/017
Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance. Once you are done
with that please translate them.

:(1m*9.‫(ِ ا‬6*‫ ا‬-‫* إ‬1 % tَ= / ْ0tَ=

.‫) ُر‬D َ8َ!َ= Dِ% -/ْ"‫ أ‬p&َ‫ أ‬.1
.ً(َ' A
َ a2‫م =ُ &هِ ُ& ا‬p .‫َ
ْ ا‬+‫ را‬.2
‫ءِ؟‬D‫ َ(ِ وا‬dD8ِ ُ@ُ+‫ب رو‬
ُ D َHَ!َ= -!َ% .3
.ِ(َpH‫ ا‬0ِ ْ/ِ" -‫ إ‬E
َ َ‫َ!ْ أنْ أذه‬Gَ8َ .4
.‫ ِ ' ٍم‬j‫ إ‬, ً%' ِ@1َ&‫ِ َ& ِ@ِ "َ* وا‬Cُ .5
‫سِ؟‬D‫ ا‬2 َZ ْ3ِ% r
َ ِ/aَ -*' ‫ف‬
ُ <َ= \‫ أ‬.6
.‫ت‬
ٍ ‫ ُ َ)ا‬Hَ' ُ ُ ُ' ‫ ٍم‬dُ6ِ 6َْَ1 َ‫ آ‬A
َ ِ‫ ُذه‬.7
.ً +َ` ‫ن‬
ِ ‚ُ‫ َو ِة ا‬dِ!ِ —
ِ DH‫ت ا‬
ُ )َ` Wَ َaَ=‫ إر‬.8
!‫ن‬
ِ DH‫س \ ا‬
ِ D‫َ(ِ ا‬%&ِV , ً D Z ْ3ُ9ِِ .9
.ًCِ%‫ًا ودا‬2j% ‫م َو َوَ&ِه‬2 .
ُ ‫ا‬3
َ َ ‫ع‬
ُ ‫ن ا)َدا‬
َ ‫ آ‬.10

Unit # 6 (6) ‫أة ر‬

ٍ َْ= ُ(َaَ+
120
 ‫ن 'ُي =َ‪،ً%‬‬ ‫
أذآُ ُ آ‪ ْ0‬آ َ‬‫ك‪ُ / .‬‬‫
`‪ً6‬ا ‪ً&D ِt‬ا ‪Uَ+‬ا َ‬
‫إ )ا<( \ ُ ‪َ &D‬أ‪ D‬آُ ُ‬
‫ن '*‪ -‬رأ‬ ‫‪ 3‬آ)ا ‪َ1‬وَ ‪2&َt Wَ %‬ي آ)ا ‪َ )!2 ُ1‬‬ ‫س ‪َ +‬‬ ‫ن ا َ‬ ‫و‪ D9‬أذآُ ُ أ ‪D‬‬
‫ج أ &ًا‬
‫‪ E‬أ‪ ْ0َ D‬أآُ‪ ْ3‬أ‪ُ ُ V‬‬
‫‪ .ُ@َC% r‬أَ‪ُ C‬‬‫ن ذ َ‬‫و‪2&َV , َ)`َُ1‬ي‪ .‬و‪))9َ1 ْ0‬ا ‪َ )*Caَ1‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫
أذه ُ‬ ‫‪ 3‬آُ ُ‬
‫ح ‪َ +‬‬ ‫\ ‪ ,‬ا‪ِ 8‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ُ:+ ُ@َC% ُUُVk1‬ذه‪ ،َE‬إ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪2&َt 3‬ي آ َ‬ ‫‪ W%‬أ ‪ ،‬و‪D 9‬‬
‫ن‪.‬‬
‫إ‪ -‬ا‪ ِ}aِGِ &ِ ِ/‬ا‚ ِ‬
‫ن ِ‪&ِ ِ/‬‬‫‪ E‬أ&ادي آ)ا ‪َ )%Dََ!1‬‬ ‫أ‪ &ُ ِ/‬وا ُ وا‪ ،ُAG‬ه‪ ِ U‬آ
ْ ‪ .ِ=+ 0ُ C%‬أ]* ُ‬
‫
‪Wَ 1‬‬ ‫‪ E‬أ‪ D‬آُ ُ‬‫ن ا‪َ /‬‬
‫ب إ‪ -‬ا‪ &D ُ \ .&ِ ِ/‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪U‬ه َ‬ ‫
أُ‪p +‬‬‫و‪ ِ}a+‬ا‚نِ‪ ،‬و‪ 9‬آُ ُ‬
‫‪ (3‬آُ*‪t D‬ءَ زا‪.ٌL‬‬‫‪ 7‬وأ"َأ ))ر َة ا‪ِ +D‬‬ ‫‪ D% E‬أنْ أ"ِ َ‬‫— ‪ُ *1‬‬‫ن ا‪ُ H‬‬‫ا‪ .ِ}aG‬وآ َ‬
‫‪َ1 3‬وَ ‪Wَ %‬‬ ‫ن ‪َ +‬‬‫ن '*‪2&َV -‬ي ورأ‪ ً%َ= ،‬آ آ)ا ‪َ )*Ca1‬‬ ‫ن ا‪pm‬وا ُر ‪َ )!2 ُ1‬‬
‫وآ َ‬
‫‪2&َt‬ي‪.‬‬

‫‪121‬‬
 ‫
‬
‫غ ‪ِ" ْ3%‬اء=ِ و" َ‬ ‫‪ E‬ا‪ُ َ aَ َ+ .َ D‬‬‫
أ‪ُ ً $1‬أ‪p ِ+‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ ،َ&ِ/‬وآُ ُ‬ ‫
ُأ‪p ِ+‬‬‫‪ ْ0َC‬آُ ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬إ‪ُ -‬أ‪ ،2%‬وأ!َ ِ ُ‪ 0‬إ‪,‬ري ِ‪ٍ('/‬‬ ‫ وأ‪t‬ي آِ ‪2‬‬ ‫ ا<‪D H‬‬ ‫
أر‪َ +)َ %‬‬ ‫ا‪ ،-G$‬آُ ُ‬
‫ƒ '*‪-‬‬ ‫
أ‪ُ ِ*t‬‬‫‪ ْ3% A‬ا‪ ،ِ(+/‬آُ ُ‬ ‫‪َ 3‬أآِ ‪p‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ .ِ@, /a‬و‪َ +‬‬ ‫‪ٍ &1&Z‬ة وأ‪t‬ي إ‪ -‬ا ِ وأ] ُ‬
‫ق و‪ُ -!<َ1‬ء ورا َء ] (ٍ آ‪ِ Z ْ3% ٍ(a:‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪َ -H‬ء ا‪U‬ي ‪ , G1‬ا‪ِ H‬‬ ‫ا‪ ِ(D,G‬وأ=‪ُ D%k‬‬
‫ن ورا َء‬ ‫ح ِ< وأ=َ‪ُ )D 8‬ر "*(ً ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪َ )HCَ1 ِ(C‬‬ ‫‪ .r‬آُ
ْ أ ُ‬‫‪ E‬ذ َ‬
‫
ُأ‪p ِ+‬‬ ‫‪ .B‬آُ ُ‬ ‫ا‪ِ *D‬‬
‫‪2&َt 7‬ي‬ ‫‪2&َt 7‬ي‪ .‬أَ ُ‬ ‫‪ A‬أ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ $ -‬ء وأُ)فٌ ‪D +‬دةٌ ‪ُ :ِ%‬‬ ‫‪ r‬ا‪)َ" ،ِ( 6‬مٌ ِ)الٌ ‪Gِ,‬لٌ  ُ‪ً Gُ 0‬‬ ‫=* َ‬
‫ف أُ‪ِ@ِa‬‬
‫‪َ َ َ r‬‬
‫ن دا‪p ُGَ1 ً ِL‬‬
‫‪2&َt E‬ي '*‪ -‬أ‪ !*n‬ا‪:9‬ةِ‪ ،‬آ َ‬ ‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪َ ُ1‬‬‫ن آًا ‪D +‬دًا‪َ " .‬‬ ‫آ َ‬
‫ ِ‪.ِ@ِ!َ Dَ/‬‬
‫‪َ ْ0 .3‬أ َر ‪ ً 4 =+ ,‬أ‪ Wَ 8‬و\‬ ‫وِ‪2&َt ُ(G‬ي آ
ْ ]‪ً 1m‬ة 'َِ(ً َ‪َ $‬ء آُ ِ‬
‫ع ا)لِ‪ ،‬إذ أ‪ ْ0 D‬أ َر أ‪ً&+‬أ ‪,‬‬ ‫ن ‪,‬ر َ‬‫ن ‪2&َt‬ي آ َ‬ ‫ض ِ‪2&َt ِ(G‬ي‪ .‬و\ ُ ‪ &D‬أ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ِ  ْ3% A‬‬ ‫أ‪َ t‬‬
‫ن‬
‫\ وآ َ‬ ‫‪ ً !َ A‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .A‬و‪ ْ0‬أ َر ‪2&َt‬ي ‪ُ ُV&1‬‬‫\ وه) ‪ Wُ D*!1‬إ@ِ ‪ ْ3%‬أ‪َ a‬‬ ‫‪ ِ L‬ا* ِ& ‪2&َt 0ُ 2*9ُ1‬ي إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫ن ‪2&َt‬ي )‪ً 1‬‬ ‫‪ .B‬آ  َ‬
‫‪ Gَ1‬ا‪َ G‬ء ًة آ ًة =‪U‬آُ ِ‪َ G‬ء ِة ا ِ ورا َء ] (ِ ا‪ِ *D‬‬
‫ض ‪, ُ@ُ*:%‬‬ ‫ع ا‪.‬ر َ‬ ‫‪ d‬أذر ُ‬ ‫‪ 3‬أ!)ي ر‪ً t‬‬ ‫‪َ + ،/aَ A‬‬ ‫
أُ‪ ُ@p+‬آ‪ً:‬ا وَأ=َ<‪ُ D‬‬
‫‪ d‬وآ ُ‬ ‫و‪ً G‬‬
‫
‬
‫ن ‪ ِ(D‬أ‪ِ a+‬دِ‪ ،‬وأ "َْ‪ُ ْ/َ ًC‬‬
‫ن ‪ ُِj1‬دو َ‬ ‫ن ‪2&َt‬ي آ َ‬ ‫‪3‬أ‪D‬‬ ‫ت وا‪ .ٍ(C‬آ أ‪p ُl‬‬ ‫‪)V‬ا ٍ‬
‫‪ d‬ذآ‪ .ً D‬ه‪U9‬ا ")ا ‪.‬‬ ‫
أ ِ‪ً a‬‬‫أ)‪ -*' ُ@ُ%‬ذ‪k, ،َr‬و\ ُد أ'‪ %‬آ)ا أ]ءَ‪ ،‬وآُ ُ‬
‫
أ= َ‪U‬آ‪ُ D‬‬
‫‪ r‬و‪ ُ&1ُ1 -!%‬أنْ أ‪ ،َ
ُ9‬وآ ُ‬ ‫ف ‪2&َt ُ&1ُ1 -!%‬ي أنْ أ‪َ َG4‬‬ ‫
أ' ِ ُ‬
‫آُ ُ‬
‫ن‬
‫‪ .2ِ% r‬آ َ‬ ‫‪ E‬ذ َ‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪َ ُ*َ1‬‬
‫‪َ " K‬‬
‫‪ ُ@َ u‬ا‪َ 1 R‬‬ ‫‪َ d‬ة وأ‪ُ %‬‬ ‫‪)%‬ا' َ& `‪ ُ@َ ُ ِ$+ُk, ،ِ@ِ=d‬اِ‪D َ8‬‬
‫
‬
‫ت ‪ ،ٍ0D6َُ%‬وآُ ُ‬
‫ن ِ‪ٍ )َ8‬‬ ‫ وأ أ"ُأ َ@ُ اُ‚ َ‬ ‫ت را‪ ِ@ِ!َ+‬أنْ ‪ Wَ َِ!/َِ1‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ِ ' , ُ@َ Up َ*َ1‬‬
‫ب َ@ُ‪.‬‬
‫ف ‪ ْ3%‬وَ‪2&َt ِ@t‬ي أ‪ ُ@D‬أ‪ُ َ َ1 ً $1‬‬ ‫أ' ِ ُ‬
‫
َِ&‪2‬ي‪:‬‬
‫ت ‪ٍ )1‬م '‪t ْ3‬رِ "‪)C/َ%‬د"‪ُ *ُ" .‬‬
‫‪ ُ@ُ!k‬ذا َ‬
‫‪t E‬رَ ‪)C/%‬د!‬
‫‪p ِGُ= \ r‬‬
‫‪َ -‬أ‪َ pُl‬‬
‫ف أ‪.ِ@ِ! /ِ ِ@ِa‬‬
‫‪َ َ َ r‬‬
‫ب ‪ &َ C‬أنْ ‪D +‬‬
‫‪َ tk,‬‬
‫‪.A‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا<‪َ ِ%‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا ‪َ ُtD‬‬
‫‪ ُ@D. -‬ر‪ ٌAِ%V ٌAُt‬وأ \ ُأ‪p ِ+‬‬
‫
َ@ُ‪:‬‬
‫"ُ* ُ‬
‫‪ A‬ا<‪ُAِ%‬؟‬
‫‪ -‬و‪ %‬ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫ل ‪:‬‬
‫ق ‪2&َt‬ي ُهَ(ً ‪َ " 0D ُj‬‬
‫أ َ َ‬

‫‪122‬‬
‫ف ا‪G8‬ا ِء إ‪ ِ(D,+ -‬ا‪ُ(L% ،ِA2‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا)اِ ِ‪ .W‬أ\ =َا ُ ‪ِ َ َ ْ3% &p َ!َ1‬‬ ‫‪ -‬أُ[ُْ إ‪ -‬ه‪U‬ا ا‪ِ G‬‬
‫ن‬
‫‪ A‬ه‪U‬ا آ َ‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪ ُ :9‬هَ‪َ= ْA‬اُ؟ وه‪U‬ا ا‪َُDH‬؟ َ‪ ٌo‬وَ*‪ ٌB‬و‪D‬لٌ‪ ،‬آُ ‪p‬‬ ‫ن! ه‪U‬ا ا< ُ‬‫‪D&َ,‬ا ٍ‬
‫\ رِدًا ِ‪)C/‬د‪ ،‬و َر‪ ْ3' ُ@َj‬أَ @ِ‪.‬‬
‫‪ً dَ+‬‬
‫ض‬
‫
[ي '‪ ِ@ِ!َGِ ْ3‬وأدر=ُ@ُ ‪ ,‬ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫ل '*‪2&َt -‬ي ‪ُ D)Gَ,‬‬ ‫
ا‪U‬ي  َ‪َ m‬‬
‫ت ا‪َ D8‬‬‫إ! ‪ُ m‬‬
‫
‪:/aَ ,‬‬‫ا)ا‪ ِ(C‬ا! ‪D&+‬ده  ِ‪ُ *ُ" .ِ@ِ=*9‬‬
‫ض ا‪)/‬دا َء اُ‪.َ(DH‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪ َ H‬و\ ه‪ ِ U‬ا‪.‬ر َ‬
‫‪ A‬و\ ذ َ‬‫‪ r‬ه‪U‬ا ا< َ‬
‫
أُ  ‪ُ ُ*1 ْ3%‬‬
‫‪ُ /َ -‬‬
‫ت ‪َ,‬ا]‪.‬‬‫ح أ‪ %d+‬و‪ِ ' Wُ َ=َ%‬‬ ‫ف َأ‪ُ /َ%  D‬‬
‫‪ % A‬أ' ِ ُ‬
‫آُ ‪p‬‬
‫‪:ُ@َ:1&+ A‬‬
‫ َ&َأ ‪2&َt‬ي ‪)1‬ا`ِ ُ‬
‫ن  أ‪.‬‬
‫‪)C/ِ ً9*ُ% ً %' 3‬د‪:*ُj .‬ه ا‪َ T‬‬
‫‪ A‬أر ‪َ C‬‬
‫‪ .‬آ
ْ آُ*‪َ "  p‬‬
‫‪D ُ 1 ْ0َC -‬‬
‫‰‬
‫‪K‬ا ُ‬
‫ض ‪2&َِ ً9*ُ%‬ي ‪َ َ*َV Uُ ُ%‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪.‬ر َ‬
‫
أ‪ُ َ/+‬‬
‫آ
ْ ه‪ً :ُ% ً(+ ِ U‬ة ‪ ْ&, ، ِ(/‬آُ ُ‬
‫ض‪.‬‬
‫ا‪.‬ر َ‬
‫‪ A‬ه‪U‬ا‬
‫‪ r‬آُ ‪D‬‬
‫ن ‪)C/%‬د ‪ُ ُ*َ1‬‬
‫ي ه‪U‬ا ا* َ&‪ .‬وآ َ‬‫‪ 3‬و‪َ %&" ْ
n‬‬ ‫‪D&, r‬اً وا‪ً&+‬ا ‪َ +‬‬
‫‪ -‬وَ‪ ْ0‬أآُ‪ ْ3‬أ‪ُ ِ*%‬‬
‫€ ا"‬
‫‰ ‪َ!Zk‬ي ا‪َ *ُ:‬‬‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪ D,)َ!َ1‬ا ُ‬
‫ل ا*ََ
ْ ا‪T‬نَ‪ ،‬وأ‪َ " pُl‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪َ G‬‬‫ا< َ‪ .‬و‪D 9‬‬
‫أ‪.ً $1‬‬
‫‪t -*' 7‬ر‬ ‫ت ‪ِ C‬‬ ‫ت ‪2&َt‬ي‪ ،‬و‪ُ CZ‬‬ ‫ف ‪ ْ3%‬آ* ِ‬‫
ِ<َ) ٍ‬ ‫
أدري ِذا أ‪ُ /َ/+‬‬ ‫َ‪ُ /‬‬
‫‪ A‬و‪ُ@َ!9G4‬‬ ‫ت ] َء ‪)C/%‬د و`)=َ@ُ ا َ‬ ‫‪ !r‬و=‪U‬آ ُ‬ ‫‪ A‬ذ َ‬ ‫
‪2&َt‬ي \ ‪ُ َCaَ1‬‬
‫‪)C/%‬د‪َ َ .‬‬
‫
‪2&َt‬ي‪:‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ &ًا‪ُ k .‬‬‫ق‪2&َt .‬ي ‪ُ G$َ1 ْ3ُ91 ْ0‬‬
‫ت ا ِء ا&) ِ‬‫ا)‪ َ(D1‬ا! =ُ‪َ )` ُ@H‬‬
‫ع ‪)C/%‬د أر‪ُ@َ4‬؟‬
‫‪ِ -‬ذا  َ‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪ُ /2‬ء‪.‬‬
‫ن "ا‪َ /2‬ء" ‪Z‬ءٌ ‪!ٌW$,‬‬
‫‪2&َt K‬ي ِ*‪ ِ(َِ*َ9‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫ت ‪ِ ُ ْ3%‬‬
‫‪ُ َCَZ‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ع  ‪D&,‬اً أو ‪D&,‬ا ِ‬
‫ج  َ‬
‫‪ٍ D % A‬ة =‪D m‬و َ‬
‫ ر‪mِ% ٌAُt‬واجٌ‪ .‬آُ ‪p‬‬
‫‪)C/% -‬د ‪D ُ 1‬‬
‫ت‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪%‬أ ًة! =‪U‬آ ُ‬ ‫ج =ِ‪َ C/‬‬
‫ن "&ْ =‪D m‬و َ‬
‫
‪ ,‬ذه أنْ ‪)C/%‬د \ ُ ‪ &D‬أنْ ‪َ )91‬‬ ‫و ِ‪ُ /َ+ ٍ('ُ/‬‬
‫ق‬
‫ل و‪+‬ر=َ@ُ ا‪َ tC‬ء و‪ ُ@َt‬ا‪َ )/9‬ر و‪ ُ@َ *ُt‬اَُ ‪َ mD‬‬ ‫ث و‪ ُ@َ+‬اُ َ& َ‬
‫زو‪ ِ@ِ=t‬ا‪َ d:‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫
ا‪َ t‬‬ ‫š ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪U‬آى ا! ‪V , ْ
Zt‬ي‪َ \) ،‬أ‪ D‬رأ‪ُ 1‬‬ ‫ت أ=<َ*‪ُ D‬‬‫ن‪ .‬آُ& ُ‬
‫ا‪.‬ردا ِ‬
‫ل ‪)C/%‬د‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ " .‬‬ ‫ت إ‪2&َt -‬ي و[ َ إ ‪D‬‬ ‫"دِ‪ُ [ .َ)Gَ ً%‬‬
‫‪123‬‬
 ‫‪ &ُ ِ8Gَ -‬ا! َ اَ) َم‪ .‬أ\ =ُ‪ &ُ 1‬أنْ =َ‪ََ$G‬؟‬
‫
'َ@ُ‬ ‫‪ E‬وا"ِ‪ ً a‬ورأ‪ُ 1‬‬‫‪2&َt 3‬ي هَ ‪D‬‬ ‫
أ‪2&َt &ُ 1ُ1 \ ُ@D‬ي أنْ ‪ ،ِACِa َُ$G1‬و‪D 9‬‬ ‫وأ‪ُ //+‬‬
‫‪ .&ٍ 1&Z K‬و‪&1 ْ3% D&Z‬ي وذه إ‪ِ 8+ -‬د =َ ِ ‪)C/%‬د‪ .‬و‪َ t‬ء أ‪&ُ +‬‬ ‫=* ُ‪ُ W‬ه(ً ِ‪ٍ 1‬‬
‫
أ وا"‪ .ً a‬آ)ا ‪ً*َV‬‬
‫ƒ ‪2&َt‬ي و‪ُ **l‬‬ ‫ف‪َ *َt .‬‬‫ل َِ&‪2‬ي ِ‪, @*' &ٍ C‬و ُة ‪V‬و ٍ‬ ‫ا‪ِ t‬‬
‫ن وا"‪ً&C ًa‬ا '‪ْ3‬‬ ‫‪)C/% E‬د‪ .‬آ َ‬ ‫ت أُرا"ِ ُ‬‫‪ % E‬أ‪ُ UV‬‬‫
أ'‪ 0ُ ُ,‬آُ*‪ .0ُ p‬و‪ٍ ََ/ِ 29‬‬ ‫آ‪ً:‬ا‪ .‬آُ ُ‬
‫
‬
‫ن <*ُ@ُ ه)‪ .‬وأ‪ُ ِa*َ1 ً+‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪U‬ي ‪ &ُ َ8Gُ1‬آ َ‬ ‫ن ا< َ‬
‫ن ا‪ Wَ % ،ِ@Cَ1 \ َ %.‬أ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ r‬ا‪ &ِ HَG‬آ‪D k‬‬‫ذ َ‬
‫ح ِ‪ 8‬ا‪U‬ي‬ ‫‪ .A‬و‪ً D %‬ة ` َ‬ ‫ت َ(ٍ ‪ ْ3% ٍ(<4‬ا! ِ =‪ٍ ' ْ3% ُoُ/‬‬ ‫[ ُ ُ `) ُ‬
‫ق "ِ‪ ِ(D‬ا<*(ِ‪ ،‬وأ‪ Wُ 1 Uَ V‬ا‪ ِ@ِ*ِ َo/‬ا‪2 G‬د‪:‬‬‫ا!)ى ‪َ )َ,‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا<*(ِ!‬
‫‪ِ + -‬ذرْ‪َ *َ" ْWََ= \ ،‬‬
‫‪, ُ@َ*َِ% A‬‬
‫ق "ِ‪ ِ(D‬ا<*(ِ ‪ُ َC1‬‬
‫ƒ ‪َ ),‬‬
‫ ا ُ‬ ‫‪ َ@ِ!َ1 ْ0‬أ‪"  ٌ&+‬لَ‪ ،‬وا! ‪ D‬ا‪p 8‬‬
‫ل ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ /‬ء‪ .‬و‪ D9‬أ‬ ‫ن ِ‪ ٍ('ُ/‬و‪H‬طٍ‪ .‬وأ‪ Uَ V‬ا‪) 1 ُo/‬ى آ‪ٍ H‬ء ‪ُ m1‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ )tC‬‬
‫ƒ و@ُ "*‪ٌE‬‬ ‫ت ا<*(َ ‪p G1 ًnZ‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا<*(ِ"‪ ،‬و=‪)8‬ر ُ‬ ‫ل ‪)C/%‬د ""* َ‬‫ت أُ‪ِ )" , ُ 9,‬‬
‫أ‪ُ UV‬‬
‫€ ِ‪ٍ 6` ٍ(*< &ِ 1‬ة‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ر‚ أ' ُ‬ ‫ل ‪)C/%‬د  ‪ً D َ%‬ة ‪َ +‬‬‫ت ") َ‬
‫‪U= 0D ُj .‬آ ُ‬
‫‪ُ ِَ1‬‬
‫ح و‪!0ُ Dk!1‬‬
‫‪ُ a1 3‬‬
‫ آ‪T‬دَ‪َ 2%‬‬
‫‪D ُ 1 A‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪ُ <D‬‬
‫ت ‪ً D %‬ة أ‪V‬ى إ‪ -‬ا‪ ِ(+/‬اُ! ‪ِ &D‬ة‬ ‫ت ِ‪ٍ G‬ء دا‪ ْ0 *V‬أ‪ .ً ََ ُ@ ْ&ِt‬وَ‪ُ [ D‬‬ ‫‪ُ CَZ‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ن ا! َ و‪k1‬آ*) َ‬ ‫‪َ )Cَ1 A‬‬‫ع ا< ِ‬
‫‪Uُt 3‬و ِ‬ ‫‪َ َ A‬‬
‫ن آ ِ‬
‫ل ‪َ )t)َ1‬‬ ‫ ا‪َ a.‬‬ ‫
ر‪َ ",‬‬ ‫أ‪ %%‬رأ‪ُ 1‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫
")‪ ً%‬أ"*)ا وأ‪UV‬وا ‪َ 19ِ ُ@َ)*91‬‬ ‫ َ‪ .ُ@َ$C‬إ‪ Wَ َ!t‬ا! ُ أآ)ا‪ 0D ُj .ً(' ً%‬رأ‪ُ 1‬‬
‫ ا ُ‪W‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬آ‪ .ً /‬إ‪D a‬‬ ‫ت ‪َ jdj  %‬‬ ‫س أ‪َ ِ$+‬تْ  ‪U‬ا ا‪6‬ضِ‪&' ،‬د َ‬ ‫و‪ , ُ@َ)p81‬أآ ٍ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُو ِر ِ‪ ْ3% ِ*G‬ا‪H‬قِ‪ ،‬ور‪ِ َ*ُt‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ G‬‬ ‫'&ا ‪ 3/+‬ا!‪ َ t‬و‪َ ِ+` -)%‬‬
‫ت ‪)َ G‬‬ ‫
‪,‬ذا ‪2&َt‬ي "&ْ  َم‪ُ [ .‬‬ ‫
‪ً<Z‬ا ‪p َaَ!, ً!,V‬‬ ‫‪ .A‬و‪ُ C‬‬ ‫‪ ْ0ِ 3‬أ َرهُ ‪ُ " ْ3%‬‬
‫]َ‪ِ َ1‬‬
‫‪ ِ@ِ, , E‬وأ‪Uَ V‬‬ ‫ا (ِ ا‪Vُ.‬ى ‪,‬ذا ‪)C/%‬د ‪ ْ26ُ1 ْ0‬و"‪ ُ@َ!a‬و‪ @D9‬و‪)' Wَ 4‬دًا ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ َ8‬‬
‫‪. ِ A‬‬ ‫‪ A‬و َ
ْ ‪ ٌ(ُ ِ@َِ, ,‬وا‪&+‬ةٌ \ ‪&َ1‬ري ‪%‬ذا ‪ُ َCaَ1‬‬ ‫š ‪ ْ3% Wَ Z‬ا‪.‬آ ِ‬ ‫‪ٍ <Z A‬‬ ‫‪ُ :% ُ@ُ6َ$َ1‬‬
‫س ا! ِ و=‪ 3/+ ُ@َC‬ا!‪ ُ ِt‬و‪-)%‬‬ ‫‪ E‬وا"ِ‪ ً a‬و‪ )َ G -Hَ%‬أآ ِ‬‫إ!}َ ‪2&َt‬ي ‪ً kَ,‬ة وه ‪D‬‬
‫ت إ‪-‬‬
‫ت أ ورا َء ‪2&َt‬ي‪ُ [ .‬‬ ‫ن‪ .‬و ُ‬ ‫ن ا‪ِ 16‬‬‫‪ A‬او ِر ِ‪ ِ*G‬وا‪ِ dt‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ G‬‬ ‫`‪ُ ِ+‬‬
‫‪ِ@َ%&" 3‬‬
‫‪D 9 7‬‬ ‫š ‪ &ُ 1ُ1‬أنْ ‪ِ *َ<*ِ Wَ ِt1‬‬
‫‪ٍ oُِ َ)G 7‬ء ‪ &ٍ 1&Z‬آ‪ٍ <H‬‬ ‫‪)C/%‬د ‪,‬أ‪ُ ِ&1 ُ@ُ!1‬‬
‫ت‬
‫ت ‪ ً(َa+‬و &أ ُ‬ ‫س ا! ِ ‪ُ UVk,‬‬ ‫ل أآ ِ‬ ‫ن أنْ =َ‪/‬ا ِ‪ِ %u‬م‪)D*Gَ= .‬ا آُ*‪َ )+ ًCt 0ُ p‬‬ ‫=ُ‪&1‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ u‬را‪ ْ3% ُ@َ!+‬ا! ِ و‪ ْ3% ُ@ُ 2 ُ1‬أ‪ ِ@ِa‬و‪ُ@pُHَ1‬‬
‫
‪)C/%‬د ه) ا‪ُ 1 ُ V.‬‬ ‫أ‪ 0ُj ، ُ6َ$%‬رأ‪ُ 1‬‬
‫س‬
‫ن ا! َ! ‪ 3/+‬ا!‪ ُ t‬أ‪َ H' Uَ V‬ة أآ ٍ‬ ‫‪ ُ &ُ Cُ1 0D j d‬إ‪ .ِ@ِ9% -‬رأ‪َ )!1 0ُ ُ!1‬‬
‫)‪ً 1‬‬
‫‪124‬‬
 ‫‪ A‬او ِر أ‪Uَ V‬‬‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ G‬‬
‫س و‪ُ +` -)%‬‬ ‫‪ َ(/V  % A‬أآ ٍ‬ ‫ن أ‪ Uَ V‬آُ ‬
‫ن ا‪ِ 16‬‬
‫وا‪ِ dt‬‬
‫ت إ‪)C/% -‬د ‪,‬أ‪ ُ@ُ!1‬زا‪£َ L‬‬ ‫س‪ ْ0َ .‬أ‪ُ [ !ً nZ 0َ ,‬‬
‫‪ َ(/V‬أآسٍ‪ ،‬و‪2&َt‬ي أ‪ َ(/V Uَ V‬أآ ٍ‬
‫ل‬
‫ن =ه '‪ِ Gُt ْ3‬هِ‪ .‬و" َ‬
‫ن `‪6‬ا ِ‬ ‫\ و‪ ً1‬آ‪k, ُ Dk‬را ِ‬
‫‪= 3‬ي ' ُ ‪ً Z‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ َC‬‬
‫‪2&َt‬ي‪:‬‬
‫ث '  ‪.&ُ C ,‬‬
‫‪ُ &D G!َ ً ُt 3‬‬
‫
‪َ /<ِ  ً1&َ%‬‬
‫‪ % -‬زِ َ‬
‫ن ‪t‬ءا <‪t ِ(/‬لٍ‪،‬‬ ‫ن ا‪ِ 16‬‬ ‫دى ‪, ِ@ِ` -*' 3/+‬ءوا ِ‪ .ِ G‬وا‪ِ dt‬‬
‫‪)]1 A‬‬ ‫‪ K‬أ‪ &ُ +‬ا‪ ِ G‬وأ‪ Uَ V‬ا ُ‬ ‫ل‪َ  .‬‬ ‫س ا! ِ '*‪ -‬ا‪ ِ G‬واِ ِ‬ ‫‪ ْ
َCِ4),‬أآ ُ‬
‫ƒ‬
‫ت &ي =! ‪ &p‬أ@ِ آ‪ Dk‬أ ُ‬ ‫ب ‪)C/% ْ3%‬د‪ُ CZ .‬‬ ‫ت ِ‪ /a‬أ"! ُ‬ ‫و‪ ،ُB81‬و‪ُ CZ‬‬
‫
أدري‬‫‪ُ / .B‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ Uُ1 3‬‬
‫‪َ + A‬‬ ‫‪ ِ <َZ A‬ا‪ِ ََG‬‬ ‫ث `)= ً ‪َ :% ِ@ِ*َ+ ,‬‬ ‫ف ‪ .ِ@ِ )j‬و‪ُ &ِ Gُ1 ُ@ُ!C‬‬‫ َ‬
‫ت آ‪ Dk‬أآ ُ ‪2&َt‬ي‬ ‫ت ‪ً&ِCَ!ُ%‬ا‪ُ ْCZ .‬‬ ‫ت ِ َ‪Š + 0ٍ َk‬د ‪&َ` ,‬ري‪&Cَ, ،‬و ُ‬ ‫‪ُ َْCَZ D9 E‬‬‫ا‪َ /‬‬
‫š‬
‫‪&َ` A‬ري ِ ‪ًD‬ا أ َو ‪p‬د أنْ أ=<* َ‬ ‫‪ , A‬دا‪ِ V‬‬ ‫
ا‪َ ْ&C‬و آ‪ Dk‬أ‪ُ +‬‬ ‫‪ r‬ا*‪ .ِ([G‬أ' ُ‬ ‫‪َ *= ,‬‬
‫
أدري أو‬ ‫‪ . B‬و‪ُ /‬‬ ‫
إ‪ ِ(,+ -‬ا ِ "‪ ُ Gُ% ْ3% ً 1‬وَرا َء ] (ِ ا‪ِ *D‬‬ ‫‪ .ُ@ِ%‬و`* ُ‬
‫ت ‪,‬‬‫ت ا!‪ َ ْD‬ا‪U‬ي أآَ*!ُ@ُ‪ُ ma" 0D j ،.‬‬ ‫
إ`‪ *َ+ , C‬و=ََ‪ُ kD‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬أد‪ُ *V‬‬ ‫‪َ + E‬‬
‫ف ا‪َ /‬‬‫أ' ُ‬
‫ن 'َ‪&2 َِ !"d‬ي َ‪ ْ&ُCَ= ْ0‬آَ آَ
ْ‬ ‫لأ‪D‬‬ ‫ص‪ .‬وُأ`ْ ِ&"ُ‪ 0ُ9‬اَ) َ‬
‫‪ E‬ا<‪َ d‬‬ ‫ا ِ‪ ،‬آ‪ Dk‬أ* ُ‬
‫'َ*َ@ِ‪.‬‬
‫أ‪ ،B` E‬دار ا‪)C‬دة‪ ،‬آ)ر‪ I‬ا‪m‬ر'(‪ ،‬وت‪ ،1984 ،‬ص ‪25-19‬‬
‫) ِ!‪8‬ف(‬

‫أٌ ل ا‪:‬‬

‫أ‪ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أ‪ ْ $%‬ا‪ ِ #‬ا"!‪:‬‬
‫‪' 3‬دةً؟‬
‫‪ُ1 -!% .1‬أ ا< ُ )ر َة ا‪ِ +‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ذا ‪َ1‬ي ا< إ‪ُ -‬أ‪ ِ@2%‬آ)نِ؟‬
‫‪% .3‬ذا ‪ُ )8!َ1‬ر ا< ُ ورا َء ] (ِ ا‪ِB*D‬؟‬
‫‪ A‬ا ‪ ُ@ُk/1 %&' &p‬ا<؟‬
‫‪% .4‬ذا ‪ُ Ca1‬‬
‫‪ ْ3َ% .5‬أ‪ Uَ V‬أآ‪ َ(1:‬ا!ِ؟‬
‫‪125‬‬
 ‫ن أآَ ُ؟‬
‫ن ا‪ِ 16‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ dt‬‬
‫‪َ  7‬‬
‫‪ .6‬آ َ‬
‫‪)C/% A‬د أ`‪ًd‬؟‬
‫‪ُ + &p !1 3‬‬
‫‪ ْ3ِ% .7‬وإ‪ -‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ذا آ َ ا< ُ ‪َ )1 ُ &D t‬م ‪&8+‬وا ا!َ؟‬
‫‪ .9‬ذا =‪ kَ D‬ا< ا! َ ا‪U‬ي أآ*َ@ُ؟‬
‫‪)C/% -*' 3‬د؟‬
‫‪ .10‬آ‪ ْ3% &2 *ِ  ْ0‬ا&َ‪ِ 1‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا< َ‪ُُ91 %&' ُ@َ/a‬؟‬
‫‪َ D<= 7‬‬
‫‪ .11‬آ َ‬
‫‪ِ&2 َِ K‬؟‬
‫‪ u‬ا< ا‪َ 1 .‬‬
‫‪ُ 1 -!% .12‬‬
‫ض ‪)C/%‬د ‪ &2 G‬ا‪T‬نَ؟‬
‫‪ r‬اَ ‪ ْ3% &p‬أر ِ‬
‫‪ .13‬آ‪َ D*= ْ0‬‬
‫ض ‪ ِ(/‬إ‪ -‬ا<ِ؟‬
‫‪ % .14‬ه أه(ُ ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫ب‪/ .‬اب أم ‪+,-‬؟ أُآ"ُْ ‪ /‬أُآ"ُ‪ $%‬ا‪ 8َ 9‬ا‪ !345ِ6 +,7‬ا‪.ِ R‬‬
‫ن ا<ِ؟‬
‫ن أُذ َ‬
‫س ‪َ )`1‬‬
‫ن ا ُ‬
‫‪ .1‬آ ِ‬
‫ج ‪ Wَ %‬أ @ِ أ‪.ً+‬‬
‫ن ا< ‪ُ <َ1‬‬
‫‪ .2‬آ َ‬
‫‪ E‬ا< إ‪ -‬ا‪ , &ِ /‬ا‪ِ /‬ء‪.‬‬
‫‪U1 .3‬ه ُ‬
‫ب إ‪ -‬ا‪.&ِ /‬‬
‫ن ا‪U‬ه َ‬
‫ن ا‪.‬و\ ُد ‪َ )pG1‬‬
‫‪ % .4‬آ َ‬
‫ن ‪ ,‬ا‪.&ِ /‬‬
‫‪ ُ}aG1 .5‬ا< ا‚ َ‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ \ &َ /‬ا َ‪.‬‬
‫ن ا< ‪p Gُ1‬‬
‫‪ .6‬آ َ‬
‫س إ‪ &2 t -‬ا< ‪.ٌA1) ُ@D.‬‬
‫‪ Wُ *!1 .7‬ا ُ‬
‫‪ &2 َt 3' A‬ا<‪.‬‬
‫ث ‪)C/%‬د ا‪َ G‬‬
‫‪ .8‬و ِر َ‬
‫‪.A‬‬
‫ت ‪ٍ t‬‬
‫ن ‪)C/%‬د ‪ٍ )8ِ 26ُ1‬‬
‫ل ‪ &p t‬ا< إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ " .9‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪)+ ِ(1‬ا ‪.ً( 40‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا ‪َ *= , &p‬‬
‫‪َ 9 .10‬‬
‫ن زو‪.ً(َt‬‬
‫ن ِ‪)C/‬د =ِ‪َ )C/‬‬
‫‪ .11‬آ َ‬
‫‪126‬‬
 .‫َ) ٍر‬j ‫و ُة‬, ِ@*َ' &ٍ C% -*' &p َ‫ƒ ا‬
َ *t .12
.3
َ 1VT‫ ا‬Wَ % ‫)د‬C/% 7
َ "‫ ِد ا! ِ و‬8+ ‫َ) َم‬1 .13
.ِ ‫ ِد‬8+ ‫) َم‬1 َ !‫)د ا‬C/% 0D َZ .14
.ِ !‫ْ ا‬3% ‫س‬
ٍ ‫(َ أآ‬/V ‫)د‬C/% ُ(8+ ْ
‫ آ‬.15
.‫س‬
ٍ ‫ َة أآ‬H' 3
ِ َ16‫ ا‬3
ِ *t‫ْ ا‬3% A
 ُ‫ آ‬Uَ َV‫ َأ‬.16
.‫)د‬C/% ‫ض‬
ِ ‫(َ أر‬D 1!Hَ1 ْ‫ن أن‬
ِ 16‫ن ا‬
ِ dt‫د ا‬p )َ1 .17
.ِ@ِ)1‫ د‬Wَ t ‫)د‬C/% Wَ َ,‫ ِد ا! ِ د‬8+ ‫) ِم‬1 , .18
.ِ ‫ ِد‬a+‫ أ‬A
D ُ‫ آ‬A
ُ 2$aُ1 &p َ‫ن ا‬
َ ‫ آ‬.19
.A
ُ D%k!1 ‫ ِء‬-H‫ ا‬-*' ‫ƒ 'د ًة‬
ُ ِ*َ1 ‫)د‬C/% ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.20

Functional Expression &َ'()‫رات ا‬,'‫أ‬

.r
َ ‫ ذ‬-*' ُ@ُ%)‫
أ‬
ُ ْ/َ I do not blame him for that.

.‫ري‬,‫ إ‬0ُ ِ َ!َ‫أ‬ I swallow my breakfast fast.

3
2 ِ‫ْي آ‬t‫َأ‬ I ran like a devil

.ِ@Cَ1 \ َ %.‫ن ا‬

D k‫آ‬ As if the matter does not concern him.

. ‫ا ")ا‬U9َ‫ه‬ They old me so.

% E
ٍ ََ/ِ 29‫و‬ But I for some reason

ِ(َ+2/‫ْ ا‬3% A
p ِ‫ َأآ‬3
َ + When I got exhausted with swimming

3
ِ ُ‫ ُء آ‬$َ ٌ(َِ' Soft like white cotton

r
َ ‫ ذ‬-*' ُ@ُ%)‫
أ‬
ُ ْ/َ ًCَْ" ‫أ‬ Certainly I do not blame him.

127
  ُ‫
أ‬
ُ /َ I don’t care!

!A
ُ َCaَ1 \ ‫ي‬2&َt

َ َ I wish my grand father does not do that!

‫ض‬
َ ‫ر‬.‫‰ ا‬
ُ ‫ا‬K
َ َ*َV Uُ ُ% Since Allah created earth

.‫ًا‬:‫َ*ً آ‬V ‫آ)ا‬ There were a lot of people.

.0ُ p*ُ‫ آ‬0ُ ُ,'‫

أ‬
ُ ُ‫آ‬ I knew all of them.

.3
َ 2%َ‫د‬T‫ آ‬
D ُ 1 A
ُ <D‫أ‬ Date palm trees, my son, are like people.

.7
ِ *َ<*ِ Wَ ِt1 ْ‫ ُ& أن‬1ُ1 He wants to move backward.

.‫ `َ&ري‬, ‫ Šد‬+ 0ٍ َkَ ِ ‫ت‬

ُ َْCَZ I felt a sharp pain in my chest.

.ُ@ُ!*َ‫ي أآ‬U‫ْ َ ا‬D!‫ت ا‬

ُ kDََ= I threw up the date that I ate.

... ‫ن‬
D‫لأ‬
َ )َ‫ ا‬0ُ9ُ"&ِ ْ`‫ُأ‬ To tell you the truth

.ِ@َ*َ' ْ
َ‫ُ&ْ آَ آ‬Cَ= ْ0َ It was no longer as used to be.

. ُ‫\ أ‬ I don’t care!

.‫ ٍء‬Gِ ‫ت‬

ُ َCَZ I felt embarrassed

!ْ‫ ِذر‬+ You, be careful!

.ِ@Cَ1 \ َ %.‫ن ا‬

D kَ‫آ‬ As if the matter does not concern him.

Grammar ِ‫ا‬$%‫ا‬
The Subjunctive Mood in Arabic ‫)ب‬8‫رع ا‬$‫ أ‬requires the use of the present
tense of the verb with some modification to its end vowel. The Dhamma is
replaced by FatHa. This mood is required when the verb is proceeded by one of the
following particles:

1. -D!+ ، 9ِ ، َ‫ آ‬، \

D ‫ أ‬، ‫ِـ‬

128
The verb E
َ َ‫ه‬Uَ1 is used instead of E
ُ َ‫ْه‬Uَ1 . Therefore, you will have:

ِ@ِZ‫ا‬, -‫ إ‬E

َ َ‫ْه‬U1 -D!+
In order for him to go to his bed.

2. ْ3َ
The verb ‫َ َم‬1 is used instead of ‫َ ُم‬1 , as in:

.‫ًَِا‬9َُ% ‫َ َم‬1 ْ3َ

He would not go to sleep early.

3. ْ‫أن‬
The verb A
َ َْCَ1 is used instead of A
ُ َْCَ1 as in:

.A
َ َْCَ1 ْ‫ ُ& أن‬1ُ1
He wants to work.

4. ‫َـ‬, The verb َ َ ْ/َ= is

used instead of ُ َ ْ/َ= :

.َ َ ْ/َ!َ, ‫ْ َبْ اَ َ) َة‬Hَ= \

Don’t drink coffee, for you won’t sleep.

If the verb ends with FatHa as in the case of second and third person feminine
3
َ ْ‫ =َ&ْ ُر‬and 3
َ ْ‫َ&ْ ُر‬1 , no vowel change is required.

The ‫ ن‬of the second person feminine, the dual and the second and third person
masculine plural is dropped off the verb in the Subjunctive Mood as in:

َ‫ه‬Uَ= ْ3َ 3
َ ‫ه‬Uَ=
َ‫ه‬Uَ1 / َ‫ه‬Uَ= -D!+ ‫ن‬
ِ ‫ه‬Uَ1 / ‫ن‬
ِ َ‫ه‬Uَ=
‫هَ)ا‬Uَ1 / ‫هَ)ا‬Uَ= 9ِ ‫ن‬
َ )َ‫ه‬Uَ1 / ‫ن‬
َ )َ‫ه‬Uَ=
129
Now, when does one need to use this mood? The Subjunctive Mood is used when
there is love, hate, desire, wish, doubt, uncertainity, fear, a hypothetical situation,
and so on.

Drill #1 ‫ول‬.‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Use the words and phrases in the Functional Expressions List in good sentences:

Drill #2 2‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Please choose the correct options:

:َ(‫ت ا‬
ِ ‫ا‬a‫!ري ا‬V‫ إ‬/ ْ!V‫إ‬
.ِ(C%‫ ا‬, ‫ن‬
َ T‫ن ا‬
َ )‫&ر‬1 ‫ أ&ادي‬E
ُ *]‫ أ‬.1
:3
َ 1U‫ْ ا‬3' 0ُ *9=‫أ أ‬
َ)%!Gَ1 .‫ت‬ ‫ 'ُي‬, .‫ب‬ َ)pGُ1 .‫أ‬

.ِ(a:9‫ (ِ ا‬6‫ ُء ا ُ ورا َء ا‬-!<1 .2

:)‫ƒ ه‬
ُ ‫آ‬Cُ‫ ا‬A
ُ Ca‫أ‬
aَ!<َ1 .‫ت‬ ‫َي‬1 .‫ب‬ ُ [َ1 .‫أ‬

.E
َ ُ= ْ‫ أن‬A
َ َ" ...... ‫ َتْ اأ ُة‬D9َ, .3
:)‫ ه‬E
ِ ُ‫! ُر ] ُ ا‬VR‫أ‬
ً(َ‫ ُه‬.‫ت‬ ً([Gَ .‫ب‬ ً( Dَ .‫أ‬

130
 ‫‪ &2 َt 7‬ا< ِ ‪. .......‬‬
‫ن أ ُ‬
‫‪ % .4‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪D + .‬دًا‬ ‫ب‪ .‬زا‪ً6L‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬آًا‬

‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@َa‬‬
‫‪' ْ3% .5‬د ِة ‪ &2 َt‬ا<َ أنْ ‪D ِGَ1‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫ت‪ِ &2 َ<ِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ِ@ِ! Dَ/ِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ِ@ِCِ`k .‬‬

‫
‪..... ُ@D.‬‬
‫ب أي ‪ٍ  2‬‬
‫‪َ  A‬‬
‫‪ َGَ1 .6‬اَ ‪ُ ُV&1 %&ِ' &p‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬آٌَ‬ ‫ب‪ٌA1)َ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٌAGَ .‬‬

‫‪ .7‬إ‪َ G‬ء ُة اَ ‪Uَ ُ= &2‬آ‪ ُ 2‬ا< ‪َ G‬ء ِة ‪.......‬‬

‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ(َ 6‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪&ِ ِ/‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا ِ‬

‫ح و‪.ُ0Dk!1‬‬ ‫‪ A‬آ‪T‬د‪َ %‬‬

‫‪ُ aَ1 3‬‬ ‫‪ .8‬أ‪ُ ْ<D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪C‬رة ه)‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬آ‪.‬و\ ِد‬ ‫ب‪ .‬آ‪ِ َH‬‬ ‫س‬
‫أ‪ .‬آ ِ‬

‫‪ 3‬ه‪ ِ U‬ا‪.َ( 6‬‬

‫ن "*(ً ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ُ ُ9/َ= ِ(C‬‬
‫‪ .9‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪131‬‬
 ‫س‪.‬‬
‫ث '‪ٍ  3‬‬
‫أ أ=‪ُ &G‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ت‪)ِ .‬ا ٍ‬ ‫ب‪ٍ 8ِ" .‬ر‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫أ‪' .‬د‪َ 1‬‬

‫‪ٍ -ُِ َ)G 7‬ء ‪.&ٍ 1&َZ‬‬

‫‪ُ ِ&1 A‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ t‬‬
‫‪ .10‬آ َ‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬ااد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ت‪ُ 9َ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪Wُ ِtَ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ /َ1 .‬‬

‫‪ % .11‬آ
ْ ‪ ُ(G‬اَ ‪:&2‬‬
‫ت‪D + .‬د ًة‬ ‫ب‪َ $َ .‬ء‬ ‫أ‪ً 1m] .‬ة‬

‫ƒ َ‪.ِ@, ُ@َ/a‬‬
‫‪َ1 .12‬ي ا< إ‪ -‬ا‪ ِ D‬و‪َ ِْ6َ1‬‬
‫‪ E‬أنْ‪:‬‬
‫ن ا< ‪p ِGُ1‬‬
‫‪r‬أ‪D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪َ}ِaْGَ1 .‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ب‪َ َC*َ1 .‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫أ‪َ َ/َ1 .‬‬

‫‪ A‬ا<َ ‪:*1 %‬‬

‫‪ &ِ ِ')% , .13‬ا‪ِ d8‬ة \ ‪ُ َْCَ1‬‬
‫ت ‪0ٍ D6َُ%‬‬
‫ن ِ‪ٍ )8‬‬
‫ت‪َُ1 .‬أ ا‚ َ‬ ‫‪َ d‬ة‬
‫ب‪ ُ ِ$ْGُ1 .‬اَ‪D َ8‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪ u‬ا‪َ 1 R‬‬
‫أ‪ُ َ1 .‬‬

‫ت ‪ً&ِC!ُ%‬ا '‪ ْ3‬رِ‪.",‬‬

‫‪&َ' .14‬و ُ‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪:ACa‬‬
‫‪132‬‬
 ‫
‬
‫ت‪َ .‬و"َ‪ُ a‬‬ ‫
‬
‫ب‪ .‬رَآ‪ُ ْ$‬‬ ‫
‬
‫أ‪ُ Hَ% .‬‬

‫ن ا‪.ِ@C1 \ َ %.‬‬
‫‪)C/% 7‬د َ‪ً&C‬ا آ‪D k‬‬
‫‪ .15‬و" َ‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪ِ(D$ ُ@ َ(َ"d' \ .‬‬ ‫ف ا‪َ(D$‬‬
‫ب‪ُ ِ C1 \ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ِ(D$ ُ 29aُ1 \ .‬‬

‫‪ Wَ " .16‬ا) ُ& ا‪َ )َ1 َoD/‬م ا‪ِ 8G‬د‪.‬‬

‫ن‬
‫ت‪ِ )tCِ .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪ِ ِِ .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪ِ <ِ .‬‬

‫ن‪:‬‬
‫ن ‪)C/%‬د آ َ‬
‫ل ‪ &p َt‬ا<َ إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ " % .17‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫ت‪ً ِ%V .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً aَ .‬‬ ‫أ‪mِ% .‬وا‪ً t‬‬

‫‪ kَDَ= .18‬ا< ا! َ ا‪U‬ي أآَ*َ@ُ‪.‬‬

‫ن ‪ً $1%‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ@D. .‬آ َ‬
‫ن َ‪ًU1U‬ا‬
‫ن ا! َ ‪ %‬آ َ‬
‫ب‪D . .‬‬
‫‪)C/% Wَ % 7‬د‬
‫ƒ ِ!‪ِ ُC‬‬
‫ت‪ ُ@D. .‬أ‪D +‬‬

‫‪.A‬‬
‫ ‪ ْ3%‬أ‪َ a‬‬
‫‪ % .19‬آَ
ْ =َ!ََ*‪ Wُ D‬إ‪ -‬ا‪2 ُH‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ % ACa‬آ
ْ‪:‬‬
‫‪133‬‬
 ‫ت‪ُ ُ[َ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪0ُ D*َ9َ!َ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪َGَ=.‬‬

‫‪)C/% u‬د را‪ ْ3% ُ@َ!+‬ا!‪.ِ D‬‬

‫‪َ % .20‬‬
‫ن ‪)C/%‬د ‪:uَ%‬‬
‫‪r‬أ‪D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪ُ &َ َ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬آ‪ُ@َ/‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ@ََ, .‬‬

‫ج ِ*!‪.2HَD‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% (A‬اُ‪ D, ِ(C‬أ‪ُ V‬‬
‫‪) 3‬أآِ ‪p‬‬
‫‪َ + .21‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أَ‪ُ َC‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ب‪َ .‬أ=ْ‪ُ َC‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪ُ .‬أ‪ُ 2$َ,‬‬

‫ت ‪Š + 0ٍ َk‬د ‪&َ` ,‬ري‪.‬‬

‫‪ُ CZ .22‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ -C%‬ا‪:ِ(a28‬‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ي‬
‫ت‪Š )َ" .‬‬ ‫ب‪&ٍ 1&َZ .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪ٍ *َ" .‬‬

‫ت ‪ ْ
َZt‬ا‪2U‬آى ‪V ,‬ي‪.‬‬
‫ت ‪)َ &َ C !َ+‬ا ٍ‬
‫‪Z 3‬ه& ُ‬
‫‪َ + .23‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬آَ
ْ‬ ‫ب‪D َGَ= .‬آَ
ْ‬ ‫أ‪ْ
ََ .‬‬

‫ل ا‪)ُa‬رِ‪.‬‬
‫
أ!َ‪!ِ &p ِC‬و ِ‬
‫‪ً kَ ُْ, .24‬ة إ!ََ}َ ‪2&َt‬ي '&َ‪ %‬آُ ُ‬
‫‪134‬‬
 ‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪C‬آِ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪£َ َ$َ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪َ  .‬م‬ ‫ج‬
‫أ‪َ % .‬‬

‫ن `َ&‪ &ُ 1ُ1 \  1‬أنْ ‪َ ُ$Gَ1‬‬

‫
أ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ .25‬أ‪ُ ْ/َ/ْ+‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Ca‬‬
‫تٍ‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ'!ََ& ُ‬ ‫ت‬
‫ب‪ُ َCَZ .‬‬ ‫
‬
‫أ‪ُ ,ََ' .‬‬

‫‪Drill # 3‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬ا‪32‬‬

‫أ‪LDَ .‬ك ‪LDَ /‬آ‪ $‬اُ‪ 8َ 9‬ا"! َ‪:‬‬

‫‪
/ .1‬أدري ذا أ‪)<
//+‬ف ‪ 3%‬آ*ت ‪&t‬ي‪ ،‬و ‪t -*' 7C‬ر‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3% WZ š<Z A:% .2‬ا‪.‬آ‪ A‬و 
‪ ( @, ,‬وا‪&+‬ة \ ‪&1‬ري ‪%‬ذا ‪. A',‬‬
‫‪ .3‬آ
‪:% (+‬ة ‪ &, ، (/‬آ
أ‪ E/+‬ا‪.‬رض ‪& 9*%‬ي ‪ %k‬ا‰‪.‬‬
‫‪ 0 .4‬أ‪&, r*%‬ان ‪ 3+‬و‪%&"
n‬ي ه‪U‬ا ا*&‪ ،‬وآن ‪)C/%‬د ‪ r*1‬آ‪ A‬ه‪U‬ا ا<‪.‬‬
‫‪U= .5‬آت ]‪ @L‬و`)=@ ا‪ A‬و‪ @!9G4‬ا)‪ (1‬ا! =‪)` @H‬ت اء ا&)ق‪.‬‬
‫ق‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3+ .6‬أَآ‪ 3% A‬ا‪ ،(+/‬أ‪ -*' ƒ*t‬ا‪ (,G‬وأ=‪ A%k‬ا‪-H‬ء ا‪ , G‬ا‪ِ H‬‬
‫‪ .7‬رأ‪
1‬ا‪a.‬ل ‪)t)1‬ن آ‪
G= A‬ا<‪)C1 A‬ن ا! و‪k1‬آ*)ن ‪.@% C‬‬
‫‪ 39 .8‬ا‪G‬ل ا*
ا‪T‬ن‪ ،‬وأ‪ A" l‬أن ‪ ,)!1‬ا‰ ‪!H‬ي " أرض ‪t‬ر‪.‬‬
‫‪)C/% 61 0 .9‬د و"‪ @!a‬و‪ @9‬و‪)' W4‬د ‪ 3%‬ا‪ @, , E8‬وأ‪.@6$1 UV‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أَ‪ UV‬ا‪) 1 o/‬ى آ‪H‬ء ‪m1‬ل ‪ 3%‬ا‪/‬ء و‪ 9‬أ‪UV‬ت أ‪) 9,‬ل ‪)C/%‬د‪.‬‬

‫‪135‬‬
 ‫ ا‪!94‬ت ا"! "‪:9 89 C4‬‬
‫ب‪َ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أي ‪َ PDP‬‬
‫‪ B‬ا‪.ُ D‬‬
‫
‪ُ -!<َ1‬ء ] (ٍ آ‪ً:‬ا ا‪ِ *D‬‬
‫‪ .1‬آ‪ُ ٍ(a:‬أ‪  pِ+‬ورا َء ‪ ِ Z ْ3%‬آُ ُ‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪.ً(*" ِ( 6‬‬
‫ح =* َ‬
‫ن آُ
ْ ِ< وأ=َ‪ُ D)8‬ر ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ ِ(C‬ورا َء أ ُ‬
‫‪َ )HCَ1 .2‬‬
‫ƒ ِ‪ ِ(Dِ" ٍ('ُ/‬إ! ‪.D‬‬
‫ن ا ُ‬
‫ق ا<*(ِ ‪ , ُ@َ*َِ%‬ا‪ِ )tC‬‬
‫ ‪َ ),‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪p 8‬‬
‫‪ُ َC1 .3‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا<*(ِ" ‪ ً nZ‬و@ُ "*‪ ٌE‬ا‪ُ ِَ1 َ(*<D‬‬
‫‪َ 3‬ذآَ َ ‪)C/%‬د ""* َ‬
‫ƒ ‪َ +‬‬
‫ت ‪p G1‬‬
‫‪D)8َ= .4‬ر ُ‬
‫ل <*(ٍ ‪ً D َ%‬ة `‪ٍ 6‬ة ِ‪.&ِ 1‬‬
‫ت ") َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ر‚ =‪U‬آ ُ‬
‫€  ‪َ +‬‬
‫‪)C/% 0D ُj .5‬د أ' ُ‬
‫‪ُ $ 7‬ء وأُ)فٌ ‪2&َt‬ي‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬أ ِ‬
‫‪)َ" -‬مٌ ِ)الٌ ‪D +‬دةٌ ‪ُ :ِ%‬‬
‫‪ .6‬هُ‪Gِ, ْ0‬لٌ  ُ‪ً Gُ 0‬‬
‫ن ‪D +‬دًا‪.‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪U‬ي آ َ‬
‫ل آًا ‪2&َt‬ي ذو ‪ َ@ِ!َ1‬ا‪ِ َ.‬‬
‫‪ ْ0 .7‬أ‪َ "  ٌ&+‬‬
‫‪2&َt E‬ي '*‪ -‬ا‪ِ :9‬ة‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪َ ُ1‬‬
‫ف أ‪ !*n‬أُ‪ ِ@ِa‬دا‪َ " ِ@ِ!َ Dَ/ِ ً ِL‬‬
‫‪َ َ َ r‬‬
‫ن ‪p ُGَ1‬‬
‫‪ .8‬آ َ‬
‫س!‬
‫‪ r‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ ْ3ُ91 ْ0 r‬أ‪َ %‬م ‪ُ G$َ1‬‬
‫‪ A‬ذ َ‬
‫ن ‪2&َt‬ي أ &ًا وَ!َ@ ‪ُ َCaَ1‬‬
‫‪ .9‬آ‪ً:‬ا إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ذه أنْ ‪)C/%‬د \ ا‪%‬أ ًة!‬
‫ج =ِ‪َ C/‬‬
‫
‪D mَ= ,‬و َ‬
‫ن "&ْ ِ‪ُ /َ+ ٍ('ُ/‬‬
‫‪ &D ُ .10‬أنْ ‪َ )91‬‬
‫‪Drill # 4‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬اا!‪4‬‬
‫‪Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:‬‬

‫‰‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪ D,)!َ1‬ا ُ‬
‫‪َ " A‬‬
‫‪َ!Zk .1‬ي (َ ا‪ِ G‬‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪....‬‬
‫ل " َ‬
‫‪ &ُ 1ُ1‬أنْ ‪َ )َ1‬‬
‫ت‪Wَ َ1 .‬‬ ‫ت‬
‫ب‪َ )َ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪َ ِ,/ُ1 .‬‬

‫‪ E‬اَ ‪)C/َ% &p‬د ‪:ُ@2.‬‬

‫‪p ِGُ1 \ .2‬‬
‫ت‪mِ% .‬واجٌ‬ ‫ب‪ٌAِ%V .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ t .‬ر ُ‬

‫‪136‬‬
 ‫ب إ‪ -‬ا‪.&ِ ِ/‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا< ُ ا‪DU‬ه َ‬
‫‪p ِGُ1 .3‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ن ر‪َ )%Dَ!َ1 ُ@َ",‬‬
‫ت‪D . .‬‬ ‫ن ا‪pm‬وا َر ‪ُ@َ)pGُ1‬‬
‫ب‪D . .‬‬ ‫أ‪ Wُ 1 ُ@D. .‬ا‪ِ}aG‬‬

‫س ‪ ,‬ا‪ %1 &ِ /‬ا<َ ُ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ِ(1 ِ &َ Cَ .4‬ا&‪D‬ر ِ‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‪ .‬اُأ َ‬ ‫ب اا َء ِة‬
‫ب‪ .‬آِ! َ‬ ‫‬
‫أ‪ ُ@َ+)َ .‬ا<َ‪D َH‬‬

‫ن ‪ ,‬ا‪:&ِ /‬‬
‫ن ‪" 0ِ p*َCَ= &َ ')%‬اء ِة ا‚ ِ‬
‫‪ .5‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫ت‪ , .‬اَ‪ِ /‬ء‬ ‫
ا‪-Gp$‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬و" ُ‬ ‫ح‬
‫أ‪ , .‬ا‪ِ 8‬‬

‫‪ 3‬آُ*‪.... D‬‬
‫‪َُ1 .6‬أ ا< ُ )ر َة ا‪ِ +‬‬
‫ت‪ َ َ$+ .‬زا‪ٌِL‬‬ ‫ب‪َt .‬ى إ‪ -‬ا َ‬ ‫‪ E‬إ‪ -‬ا‪&ِ ِ/‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬ذه َ‬

‫‪ ........ , A‬اَ*َ ِ&‪.‬‬

‫‪ A‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ ْ0َ .7‬أُ‪Z‬هِ&ْ آَ ‪U‬ا ا‪ِ G‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ا‪ُ !VR‬ر اُِ ُ‬
‫ت‪ِ ِL .‬‬ ‫ب‪ِ(َُ .‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫أ‪ِ َ' .‬‬

‫
ا‪.-Gp$‬‬
‫‪ ...... .8‬ا‪.‬و\ ُد إ‪ -‬ا ِ و" َ‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ ُ ] A‬اُِ ِ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‬
‫ت‪َ1 .‬آُ ُ‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫ب‪ُ َ/َ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪1 .‬ي‬

‫ن ‪)C/%‬د ‪.....‬‬
‫
‪ِ 8َ+‬د ا! ِ ‪&ُ Gَ1 ْ0‬ثْ أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .9‬و" َ‬
‫‪137‬‬
 ‫أ‪ َ D] .‬و"‪ُ@َ!َa‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ب‪َ )' £َ َ$َ% .‬د اَ‪ِ َ8‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ً&Cَ 7‬ا '‪ ْ3‬ا‪َ 1VT‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬وَ" َ‬

‫
أ[ُ ُ إ@ِ ‪ ْ3%‬أ'*‪.-‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أَذآُ ُ َأ‪ D‬آُ ُ‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫إذنْ \ ُ ‪ &D‬أنْ أآ) َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ"‪ُ@ِ% َ َ8‬‬ ‫ل ‪ُ@ِ%‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ) َ‬ ‫ƒ )ِ@ِ‬
‫أ‪ِ aَِ .‬‬

‫ن ‪ &p َt‬ا< ِ "&ْ ا‪َ!Z‬ى‪:‬‬

‫‪ .11‬آ َ‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ G‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬آُ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪ :ُ*ُj .‬ا‪ِ G‬‬ ‫‪)C/% A‬د‬
‫€ ‪ِ +‬‬
‫أ‪َ ُ*ُj .‬‬

‫‪ .12‬أَ ‪ &p‬ه) ‪ُ t‬ر ‪:ْ3% -)%‬‬

‫ب‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ َ6‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫ب‪ .‬اَ) ِ‬ ‫ق‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪ِ DH‬‬

‫‪ َ َCَZ .13‬ا< ُ ‪)C/% -*' ......‬د ‪َ )1‬م ‪ِ 8َ+‬د ا!‪.ِ D‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫ت‪ِ َCِ .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪ِ 19ِ .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪ِ Cِaِ .‬‬

‫‪ A‬إ‪َ ,‬ر ُ‪:‬‬

‫ن ا< ُ ‪k1‬آُ ُ‬
‫‪ .14‬آ َ‬
‫‪ E‬إ‪ -‬اَ‪&ِ ِ/‬‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪Uَ1‬هَ َ‬
‫أ‪َ " .‬‬
‫‪ E‬إ‪ -‬اَ‪&ِ ِ/‬‬
‫ب‪ &َ C .‬أنْ ‪Uَ1‬هَ َ‬
‫ن ‪ ,‬اَ‪&ِ ِ/‬‬
‫ت‪ُ )91 %َ&ِ' .‬‬
‫‪138‬‬
 ‫ن ‪ &p َt‬ا<َ ِ‪:‬‬
‫‪ % .15‬آ َ‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫ت‪ً Gَ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ًَ .‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫أ‪ً 1) .‬‬

‫ن اَ ‪ &ُ 1ُ1 &D‬أنْ‪:‬‬

‫ت ‪D . ِ &2 َt‬‬
‫ف ‪ ْ3%‬آ* ِ‬
‫ƒ ا< ُ ِ<) ٍ‬
‫‪َ .16‬أ‪D َ+‬‬
‫‪)C/ِ% ِ َ= A‬د‬
‫أ‪ Wُ َ1 .‬آُ ‪D‬‬
‫ب‪َ 8َ+ ُ ُ$Gَ1 .‬د =َ ِ ‪)C/َ%‬د‬
‫ض ‪)C/%‬د‬
‫‪ َ(D r‬أر ِ‬
‫ت‪َ D*ََ!َ1 .‬‬

‫ن‪.‬‬
‫ل اَ*ََ
ْ ا‪َ T‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪َ G‬‬
‫‪ .17‬آُ‪&Cُ D‬اءَ‪D 9 ،‬‬
‫ل "&ْ‪:‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ G‬‬
‫‪r‬أ‪D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪َ Dَ6َ= .‬تْ‬ ‫ب‪َ .‬وِ‪ْ
َn‬‬ ‫أ‪ْ
َZt .‬‬

‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪.0َ D*َ9َ!َ1‬‬

‫‪2&َt ...... .18‬ي ُهَ(ً " َ‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ‪&D َ!ْ%‬‬ ‫ب‪َ D9َ, .‬‬ ‫ق‬
‫أ‪ .‬أْ َ َ‬

‫‪ 7‬ا‪.ِ( 6‬‬
‫‪ ...... .19‬ا<َ ُ "*(ً ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪َ *َV ِ(ََِC‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ت‪ُ Dَ<ً!َ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ )D َ8َ!َ1 .‬ر‬ ‫أ‪Wُ D*ََ!َ1 .‬‬

‫‪139‬‬
 ‫ب اَ ‪:%َ&' &p‬‬
‫‪ُ َ َْ1 .20‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‪ُ1 .‬أ ا< ُ اُ‚ َ‬ ‫ب‪َ ] Wُ َ/ِ1 .‬ء ‪)C/%‬د‬ ‫‪ , B‬ا ِ‬
‫أ‪ُ َ/ِ1 .‬‬

‫‪َ .21‬و"َ‪ ْ
َa‬اأ ُة "‪ ْ3% ً 1‬ا‪َ!ِ &ِ HَG‬ى ‪َ1 %‬ي هُكَ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪:0ِ .‬‬
‫س‬
‫‪ ْ3% E‬ا ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ُ 1‬‬ ‫س‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪ ْ3% &ُ C‬ا ِ‬ ‫س‬
‫أ‪ .‬اَ ُ‪ ْ3% W‬ا ِ‬

‫‪ \ .22‬أدري ذا ‪ ْ
Zt‬ا‪2U‬آى ‪. ......... ,‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !V.‬ر ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫ت‪*َ" .‬‬ ‫ب‪9ِ, .‬ي‬ ‫أ‪ِV .‬ي‬

‫ ا ُ‪.ٍ(َ' &َ C W‬‬

‫‪ .23‬إ‪D a‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫س‬
‫ت‪ Wَ Dََ= .‬ا ُ‬ ‫س‬
‫ب‪ َ َ$+ .‬ا ُ‬ ‫س‬
‫‪ E‬ا ُ‬
‫أ‪َ .‬ذهَ َ‬

‫‪<َ1 ْ0 .24‬جْ ا< ُ ‪ Wَ %‬أ @ِ ‪. .........‬‬

‫ت‪ .‬دا‪ً ِL‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ َ&ًا‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ‪ً+‬‬

‫‪ 0ُ ِ َ!*َ1 .25‬ا) ُ& إ‪َ ,‬ر ُ ِ‪.ٍ(َ'ُ/‬‬

‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫— إ‪َ ,‬ر ُ ِ‪ٍ(َ'ُ/‬‬
‫أ‪ُ َُْ1 .‬‬
‫‪140‬‬
 ٍ(َ'ُ/ِ ُ ‫ َر‬,‫ إ‬A
ُ ُ‫آ‬k1 .‫ب‬
ٍ(َ'ُ/ِ ُ ‫ َر‬,‫ ُ إ‬2$َGُ1 .‫ت‬

Reading Exercise ‫اءة‬%‫ ا‬/017

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance. Once you are done
with that please translate them.

:(1m*9.‫(ِ ا‬6*‫ ا‬-‫* إ‬1 % tَ= / ْ0tَ=

.ٍ(َ*َ‫َ) ٍم و‬1 3
َ َ ‫ل‬
ُ G‫ َتْ ا‬Dَ6َ= .1
.ٍ(D*L' ٍ(َ*aَ+ ,  َ/aَ A
ُ Dَ<َ!َ= .2
.ُ@َ ‫ث‬
ُ &ُ ْGَ1 ِ ُ1 \ ٌš<Z )‫ ه‬.3
.‫@ِ أ َ&ًا‬Cَ1 \ َ %.‫ن ا‬
D k‫ري وآ‬t ‫ف‬
ُ D َ8َ!َ1 .4
!‫ض‬
َ ْ‫ر‬.
َ ‫ ِ ا‬U‫‰ ه‬
ُ ‫ا‬K
َ َ*َV Uُ ُ% 0ِ َC‫ ا‬Wُ ْ4‫ا َو‬U‫ ه‬.5
.ْ
َ9ََ, ‫ِِه‬V ,  ِt‫َ
ْ ذِآى زَوا‬Zt .6
‫)مِ؟‬D‫ ا‬A
َ َ" ‫ `َ&رِه‬, ‫ Šد‬+ 0ٍ َkِ ْ‫َ َت‬CَZ ْAَ‫ ه‬.7
.A
ِ D‫(ِ آ‬D/LD‫ع ا‬
ِ ‫)ار‬DH‫ ا‬, ‫ن‬
َ )t)َ1 ‫س‬
ُ D‫ن ا‬
َ ‫ آ‬.8
.‫ن‬
َ T‫ ا‬-D!+ 7
ِ D$‫) ِر ا‬$ُ+ ‫َ َ& ِم‬Cِ E
َ َD/‫ َ&ري ا‬/َ .9
.ً(َ‫ َ[َ إَ  وأ َ"َ
ْ ُه‬%َ&ِ' ‫َ ِء‬Gِ

ُ ِ‫َ َتْ ا‬CَZ .10

Unit # 7 (7)‫أة ر‬

141
 ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ َG‬ة‬
‫'َ ُ‬

‫‪K‬‬
‫ف "& ‪ ْ
*َ+‬ا‪)t ْ3% َB1‬ا ِر ا ِ وا*
ْ ِ ‪ ,‬ا‪)].‬ا ِر =َ‪p ُH‬‬ ‫آ
ْ ' (ُ ا‪ِ CR‬‬
‫‪) ِ(1&% )َ G  َ1‬ا‪ َ+ ،(o*D/‬رأ‪َ1 ً 1َ] ً GََZ 1‬ي ‪ َa*َV‬وآ‪ Dk‬ا‪ُ@َ' ْ
DH‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫
‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ LD/‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ*َ 3‬‬ ‫ت أ‪ ُ@D‬ا‪%‬أةٌ =َي ورا َء ا‪ .ِ( C‬و‪َ +‬‬ ‫‪ٍ [َGَ &َ Cَ َ B‬‬
‫ض‪ .‬إ=‪َ ّ$D‬‬
‫ا‪.‬ر ُ‬
‫
إَ و &أتْ =[ُ ُ‬ ‫ن أنْ =ُ‪ j2&G‬أو =َ*!َ‪َ ِa‬‬ ‫أنْ ‪ ،َ7D")َ !1‬إ&‪ ْ
C,‬اأ ُة ‪ )ِ G‬ا‪ ِ( C‬دو َ‬
‫
‬
‫‪ ِ@1َ&َ1 , E‬و"&َ‪ .ِ@%‬آُ ُ‬ ‫‪ , ً(2a!ُ%‬و‪ ِ@t‬ا‪  ِCِ `k 0D ُj ،ِB1‬ا‪ ِ(*G‬را‪ُ 2*ُ= ْ
+‬‬
‫ت ‪" ،ٍ31mَ+‬إ‪ D‬‬ ‫‪ٍ )8ِ K‬‬ ‫ل  ا‪ُ L/‬‬ ‫‪َ " 3‬‬
‫ي ‪ٍ Z‬ء =َ‪َ + ،ُ€َG‬‬ ‫‪ r‬أنْ أ‪ ْ3'  َk‬أ ‪2‬‬ ‫'*‪َ -‬و‪ِ ْZ‬‬
‫
‪. َ)+‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا< ِم =َ!َ*َ‪ُ Da‬‬ ‫ل َ َ‬‫\ =َ‪ Wُ َ/‬و\ =َ ُ ‪p‬د '*‪ -‬أ‪ِ   .&ٍ َ+‬ر آ‪ً:‬ا ‪َ %‬اه =َ!َ ‪ُ )D‬‬
‫‪ ً G1t B‬أو ]َ‪ً1‬‬ ‫‪َ A‬ى ‪&% ً<=%  َ/ِt‬ودًا ِ‪UG‬ا ِء ا ِ‪ .‬و‪ُ َ*َ= َ+‬‬ ‫و‪ ,‬ا* ِ‬
‫š‬
‫€ '‪ٍ <Z ْ3‬‬ ‫‪ ُ@َG%d% I‬و‪ ِ@1&َ1 ,‬و‪ ِ@%َ&َ" ,‬آ‪ُ َG= Dk‬‬ ‫‪ E‬وا"ِ‪ ً(a‬و=ي إ@ِ‪ُ 2!aُ= ،‬‬ ‫=َ ُ ‪p‬‬
‫=‪".ُ@ُ,ِ C‬‬
‫ل ا‪ِ !a‬ة ا! 'ِ‪ ,  ُ!H‬ا‪ .o*/‬آ
ْ =&‪ Wُ ,‬أ‪ً +‬‬ ‫
ه‪ ِ U‬اأ َة آ‪ً:‬ا ‪َ dِV‬‬
‫ََ&ْ رأ‪ُ 1‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ )<p8‬ر ‪ ,‬ا‪)].‬ا ِر‬ ‫
أراه راآ‪َ َ ً(C‬‬‫ن أُ‪V‬ى آُ ُ‬ ‫ورا َء ' (ِ ا‪CR‬فِ‪ ،‬و‪ ,‬أ‪َ +‬‬
‫
'ََ ‬‫‪  1&َ I‬ا‪.‬رضَ‪ ،‬أو ‪  ََCِ ً(8VZ ً(/t‬إ‪ -‬ا ِ‪ ْ0 .‬أآُ‪ ْ&" ْ3‬رأ‪ُ 1‬‬ ‫=َُ ُ‬
‫‪142‬‬
 ‫‪3‬‬
‫ 'ََ ِ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا< ِم وَ‪َ .ٍ@ْt)َ ِ ً t‬ر‪ ْ
َCَ,‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫ل َ َ‬
‫
ِ  ‪ً D َ%‬ة وه =َ! ‪ُ )D‬‬
‫ ‪ D9َ ،ُ&C‬ا!ََ ُ‬
‫
‪  ِِt+‬ا‪.ٌ(َ ْ&َ ِ َ/1.‬‬ ‫‪&َ 2!ُ% ٌ(َ  D6ُ= 3‬ةٌ ‪ ْ3%‬ا&‪ Wِ %D‬و=‪َ G‬‬ ‫‪ِ َ=َ L] 3‬‬
‫واِ‪ِ َ!َC‬‬
‫‪  , E‬اَ َء ِ‪ٍ َ !a‬ة‬‫
إ‪ -‬اه ِة ر(ً أ*ُ ُ‬ ‫‪' , A‬د ِة ا‪ُ :Cََ, ِo*/‬‬ ‫ت ا‪َ ََC‬‬‫
"&ْ َ&أ ُ‬ ‫آُ ُ‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪َ ،ُ&Cَ ْ3ِ% E‬ذِ َ‬ ‫
ا‪َ /‬‬ ‫‪ .9َ% Uَ ُVkِ E‬و'‪ُ ,‬‬ ‫ و  ٍ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا ‪D D‬د ‪t‬ءَ ‪ِ ,‬‬ ‫أ َ)لَ‪D 9 ،‬‬
‫ض ا‪ُ .‬ء ‪ْ3%‬‬ ‫\ ‪ &َ C‬أنْ ‪َ 1‬‬ ‫‪ , A‬ا‪ ِo*/‬إ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪*ِ B‬أ ِة ا(ِ أنْ =‪َ C‬‬ ‫أ‪ D‬ا‪%‬أةٌ و\ ‪p ِ8َ1‬‬
‫
أنْ‬ ‫‪ r‬اأ ُة‪+ .‬و ُ‬ ‫ت إ‪ -‬اه ِة و‪ ْ0‬أ'فْ ‪%‬ذا ا! َ
ْ إ@ِ =* َ‬ ‫ض! 'ُ& ُ‬ ‫ق ا‪.‬ر ِ‬ ‫‪ِ ),‬‬
‫ح ‬ ‫‪ r‬اأ ُة =*) ُ‬ ‫
ا*َ َ‪ 0‬آ
ْ =* َ‬
‫ن ‪ D9‬آُ*‪ D‬أ‪ُ 9َ/%‬‬ ‫‪ ْ3' ًnZ E‬رِ‪ !َ*+‬إ‪ -‬ا‪.‬ر ُد ‪2‬‬ ‫أآ!ُ َ‬
‫
‪ ِِt+‬‬ ‫‪&َ 2!ُ% ٌ(َ  D6ُ= 3‬ةٌ ‪ ْ3%‬ا&‪ Wِ %D‬و=‪َ G‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا*‪ِ َ!D‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ َ=َ L6‬‬
‫ ِ‪  ََC‬ا)اِ‪ِ َ!َC‬‬
‫ا‪.ٌ(َ ْ&َ ِ َ/1.‬‬
‫‪ٍ D1k r‬م آَ‪َ :‬ةٍ‪،‬‬
‫‪ A‬ذ َ‬
‫َ‪&َ  ُ=+ ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0‬أتْ ‪َ )َ1‬م ‪ِ&ِ)َ%‬ه آَ‪َ C‬د ِة ا‪D‬سِ‪ ،‬وإ‪&َ ْ&َ" D‬أتْ " َ‬
‫ƒ‬
‫‪ r‬آَ
ْ =َ‪p ُG‬‬ ‫ل ‪ ً َt‬و‪ Wَ %‬ذَ َ‬
‫‪ُ 3‬أ‪ ، 2%‬آَ
ْ \ =َ‪m‬ا ُ‬ ‫‪ِ َ A‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬آ
ْ ‪ً6َ` ً nZ‬ا دا‪َ ِV‬‬ ‫‪َ +‬‬
‫ق‬
‫ح ا&‪ .0ِ 1‬آ
ْ ُأ‪َ )َ, ً(L  p%‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة( ِَ& َ(ٍ آُ ِ‬ ‫و=َى و=َ‪ 0p ُH‬أ‪ُ .ً $1‬وِ&تْ )'َ ُ‬
‫ن ا<َ(ِ هَ ‪ًmD‬ا ‪ً aaَV‬‬‫ت ا )ا ِء وه) ‪&ُt mp ُ َ1‬را َ‬ ‫\ `) ُ‬ ‫
‪  ِ)+ ْ3%‬إ ‪D‬‬ ‫ض وا‪ُ 8‬‬ ‫ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫ت ا‪.ِ('D/‬‬ ‫
اُ!َ[َ ُ‪ 0‬آَ َ&"‪ِ D‬‬
‫ب ا<‪ُ ,‬‬
‫و‪ ُ <Z‬ا‪ِ .‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أ‪ً&َ+‬ا َ‪ْ3' ْ
Daَ9َ,  ُCَ/َ1 ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0‬‬
‫ƒ ََ َ&‪  َ%‬ا )اءَ‪D 9َ ،‬‬
‫ل ا‪ ِ %.‬و=‪ُ ُ,‬‬ ‫آ
ْ =َ‪ 9‬أ ‪D‬و َ‬
‫
‬
‫‪ُ )/َ1 3‬د ا‪ُ D8‬‬ ‫ف ‪َ +‬‬‫‪ , K‬ا‪ِ Z.‬ء ‪ . ِ)َ+ ْ3%‬آ
ْ ُأ‪ُ ِ Cَ=  p%‬‬ ‫اُ‪9‬ء ِ‪ ،‬وأ`‪ُ ِ*Gُ= ْ
G‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪.‬وا واُ*َ‪ ،ِA‬أو‬ ‫€ ‪ ,‬رُآ ِ‬ ‫ف إ‪ُ !ً j‬ر ‪ D‬ه =َ‪ُ C‬‬ ‫ن )'َ‪ُ !َ= ٌ(َaِ9!Cُ% (3‬‬ ‫‪  ِ)َ+ ْ3%‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ 3‬و=‪ Wَ َ8‬ا‪)9‬رَ‪ ،‬أو ه ‪ ْ
Gَ!َ,‬ا‪َ )p8‬ر‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا َ‬
‫ه "&ْ ز‪ ْ
َaَ+‬إ‪ -‬ا ِة اَ ِ‪َ U‬ر ِة ِ!‪َ ِC‬‬
‫‪.A‬‬
‫وأ‪َ % ْ
َ],‬ء اُ*َ ِ‬
‫‪ُCَZ K‬ه‬‫ن ‪ُ ُ َ8 Wُ َ1 %‬أ‪ ْ3ِ% ً(*D*ُ% ، *َ'  2%‬رأِ  إ‪  ِ%&َ َ" -‬و"َ&ْ ا!‪َ َ8‬‬ ‫وُ' َ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ن ‪ ْ3%‬اُْ‪ِ ِ9‬‬‫‪ .3‬وآ َ‬
‫وا!‪  ِ/ِِ  ُ/ dَ% ْ
ََ8‬و' َم "َ&‪%‬ه ‪ُ ,‬آَ(ٍ ‪ ْ3%‬ا ِء وا ِ‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ =)َ&َ‪ ،‬و'‪ْ
,‬‬ ‫ف ‪َ " ُ@ْ!,َ' ْ&"  D9‬‬ ‫ف )'َ‪ -C% (3‬ا<َ) ِ‬ ‫‪ r‬ا*‪ ِ([G‬أنْ =‪َ C‬‬ ‫‪َ *= ,‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪0َ .‬‬‫ف‪D &= .‬ر َ
ْ ‪1dV‬ه '*‪ -‬أنْ =)"ِ َ‬ ‫‪ ِ([Gَ , Wُ !/َ= 7‬ا<ََ ِ أنْ =َ َ َ ا<َ) َ‬ ‫آ َ‬
‫ع و=َ‪Wُ َ$‬‬
‫ن ‪ Wُ ِ*!َ= %‬ا&‪َ )%p‬‬
‫ح‪, .‬ذا ‪ُ  ْ!َ َ َ4 %‬أ‪  p%‬أو "َ َ`َ!ْ ‪َ 'ُ ،‬‬ ‫و=َ‪ &D ُ/‬اُ َ‬
‫ق اَ`َ(ِ ‪ُ َ َ!َ,‬د‪.‬‬
‫ِ‪َ )َ,  َ/‬‬
‫‪143‬‬
 ‫ƒ‬
‫ن أ )ه ‪ُ ِ*َ1‬‬ ‫ل ا‪U‬ي ا!َ
ْ ‪,k ِ@,‬ا ِد أُ َ=ِ ‪ .‬آ َ‬
‫ن ا‪D .‬و ُ‬
‫آ
ْ )ا‪ (ُ(D*D‬ه ا‪ُ 9‬‬
‫ƒ إ‪)ِt -‬ا ِر ِ و=ُ‪H‬رآُ@ُ‬ ‫س ا‪ ُ(D*D‬وأ‪ ٌ3Gَ` ُ@َ%%‬آٌ‪ ،‬وآ
ْ ُأ‪ُ *َ=  p%‬‬ ‫'*‪ -‬رأ ِ‬
‫‪ًCt 3‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬ا‪ ْ3% ِ V.‬ا‪ ُ(D*D‬وأ‪D ُ َ%%‬‬‫ƒ ه وأ‪)V‬ا=ُ  ا<َƒُ ‪ ,‬ا‪ِ 8‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬و=*ِ ُ‬
‫ا‪َ GD8‬‬
‫ل‬
‫
و=‪ََ8َ (3َ') Wُ ,‬ه إ‪ -‬وا&ِه و‪D .‬و ِ‬ ‫‪ُ )/ِ1 A‬د ا‪ُ 8‬‬ ‫‪ُ&1 3‬أ ا‪.‬آ ُ‬ ‫`‪ ٌ3G‬وا‪َ + .ٌ&+‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ق ا[ َ إ‪ -‬وَ‪ ِ@t‬أ   أنْ ‪َ /َV‬‬ ‫‪ُ ِ 6َ!/َ= 3‬‬
‫ف ‪َ +‬‬
‫‪ B‬و‪ُ ِ C= ْ3ُ9= ْ0َ .ِ@ِ t‬‬ ‫‪ٍ D %‬ة =ى ‪َ %d%‬‬
‫‪ .A‬و=َ&و ُر 'َه‬ ‫‪ ْ3% ِ@, % A‬أآ ٍ‬
‫‪ 3‬و=*!‪ ُo‬آُ ‪D‬‬‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ G8‬‬ ‫إ`‪ً6` ً C‬ا و َر‪ &p َ!َ= ًC,‬دا‪َ ِV‬‬
‫ن '*‪ -‬و‪ ِ )t‬أ‪)َV‬ا=ِ  ‪&!َ, ِ3َ!َaِH9َ!/ُ%‬و   ا)‪ ُ )t‬ا<‪ً(َn1َ ً(َ ِ H!ُ% ُ(َ/‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ !CL‬‬
‫
‪.‬‬‫‪ , ً(َ"ِ 6!/ُ%‬ا‪ِ D8‬‬
‫ي وا‪ .mَ a‬و‪mُ ِaَ= َ+‬‬ ‫ل آ
ْ =ُ‪ 0ُ ُِ /‬ا َ‬ ‫‪ Wَ % E‬ا‪ِ a.‬‬
‫'&َ‪& %‬أتْ )'َ‪ُ َC*َ= (3‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ن َ‪َ )َ+ 0ُ ُ$C‬‬ ‫ن ا‪.‬و\ ِد‪ .‬و"&ْ ‪َ )CDَ!َ1‬‬ ‫ت ‪ً V‬ة ‪ِ )ُ' ,‬‬ ‫و‪DْC!َ1‬ى ‪Uِ<َ,‬اه =َى َ[ا ٍ‬
‫ت '(ٍ  َ(ٍ‪ .‬و"&ْ ‪ &ُ DَC!1‬أ‪&ُ +‬هُ‪ 0‬أو َ‪ 0ُ ُ$C‬أنْ‬ ‫ن ‪)`k‬ا ٍ‬ ‫ن و‪َ )9G$َ1‬‬ ‫ ‪َ )/% !َ1‬‬ ‫ َ‪ٍ C‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ت وُ' َ‬ ‫ت ‪)'Uَ%‬را ٍ‬ ‫ق ا ُ‬‫‪ .3‬و=َ!‪ُ D َa‬‬
‫‪ 3‬وأردا‪D ُ َ,‬‬‫ن أ‪&j‬اءَه ‪D‬‬
‫ت ‪َ ) $َ1‬‬ ‫‪1‬ي ورا ِء ا ِ‬
‫‪Gِ  1&َ1 u‬ر ِة‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا<َ ُ‪ .0‬أ‪= ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0َ*َ, (3َ') D%‬ي وَ‪ .ُ َ'Uَ= ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0‬آ
ْ =َ ُ‬‫‪D ُ ُCِ*َ!َ= %‬‬
‫‪u‬هُ ‪.ً(j‬‬‫ف ِ  ا‪.‬و\دَ‪ ،‬وآُ*‪&َ1 ْ
]َ, D‬اه 'دتْ ِ‪َ َ!ِ ٍ('ُ/‬‬ ‫و= ِ‪ُ U‬‬
‫ƒ‬
‫‪ٍ D % A‬ة =َ‪ Wُ /‬ا َ َ‬‫‪ ْ3% 3‬ا<َ(ِ وا‪ً &+‬ة ‪ &َ C‬أُ‪V‬ى‪ .‬و‪ ,‬آُ ‪2‬‬ ‫‪&َ 0D ُj‬أتْ أ‪)V‬ا=ُ  ‪َ aَ!<َ1‬‬
‫ل‪ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0َ .‬‬
‫ ا‪ِ t‬‬ ‫ث ‪ِ C W%‬‬ ‫‪ُ &D َGَ!1 3‬‬
‫ت أ   ا<َ‪ِ ِH‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% E‬ورا ِء اِ&ا ِر و`َ) َ‬‫ا‪َ 16‬‬
‫€ وإ‪ D‬ه أ‪Zُ% ٌ(*n‬ةٌ و‪ ٌ(C1‬وردودٌ "‪. ٌ(C‬ر" ِم‪ .‬و‪َ+‬‬ ‫‪ -Cِ ً :1&+‬ا‪ِ 1&َG‬‬
‫‪ٍ )َ1 A‬م ‪,‬‬ ‫
ا<‪ ُ(/%‬أ`‪ ُ [!َ= (3َ') ْ
G‬دورَه‪ .‬آ
ْ =َ‪ ُ}!/‬آُ ‪D‬‬ ‫ا‪ ْ
a!V‬ا‪ُ V.‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ح اآِ ِ و=َ=&ي رِدا‪  َL‬ا)‪ &َ +‬وه) رِدا ُء إ‪&+‬ى أ‪)V‬ا=ِ ‪ ٌ01&" ،‬و  ٍ‬ ‫ا‪ِ 8‬‬
‫‪&` &َ ' K‬رِه‪.‬‬
‫وأ) ُد ‪ 6ُ1‬ذرا'َ  و"َ  و‪ُ $َ1‬‬
‫‪ ُ@ِHُ1 ِ K‬ا‪ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0 .َ(َ+a‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ِ@,‬اُ ‪ ْ
َ$a!, .‬وا"‪ ً(a‬و"َ*ُ  ‪ُ ِa<َ1‬‬ ‫‪َ t‬ء اَ) ُم ا‪U‬ي ر ‪D‬‬
‫ص‪ .‬آ
ْ =ُ‪ &ُ 1‬أنْ‬ ‫غ <‪ِ d‬‬ ‫س وإ‪ D‬ه إ‪/+‬سٌ  ٍ‬ ‫‪' ً(+,‬د‪ ً(D1‬آَ!*‪ َr‬ا! ‪  /ُGَ1‬ا ُ‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أنْ ‪َ[!َ1‬ه‪ &ُ 1ُ=  D9 ،‬أنْ =َ*ِ َ‬ ‫ف ‪ %‬ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ ِ9ُ1‬‬ ‫š ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ [!R‬ر‪ُ Cَ= ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0 .‬‬‫=َ!<*‪َ D‬‬
‫ت ه) ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ[!َ1‬ه‪ ،‬وإ‪Z D‬ءٌ ‚‪ُ ُ V‬ر ‪D‬‬ ‫ت‪ ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0 .‬ا) ُ‬
‫ن ه) ا) ُ‬ ‫َ‪ ُ )َ G‬وإنْ آ َ‬
‫‪&ُ% A‬رآُ@ُ ِ‪ ِ َ6‬ا!‪ٍ :‬ء‪ .‬وَ‪ْ3ِ9‬‬‫‪ ُ@ُ,Cَ1 A‬وا‪p ُ9‬‬
‫ت ه) اَ)تُ‪ ،‬أ‪p ُ9‬‬ ‫ت‪ُ )َ, .‬‬‫أ‪ ْ3% &p َZ‬اَ) ِ‬
‫‪144‬‬
 ‫‪ Wَ %  َ=+ I‬ه‪U‬ا "ا‪ , ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0َ !"3L9‬إ‪ ِ9%‬‬‫ِذا =ُ‪ -:َ!/‬ه ‪ Wِ t ْ3%‬ا‪َ Cِ!ِ ِ َH‬‬
‫‪ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0َ .d‬‬
‫ƒ ر‪ً ُt‬‬ ‫ƒ إ‪ ً /‬و\ ‪ ً D Z‬و\ ')زًا و َ‬‫ل '@ُ ِ)ى "آ‪َ َ ) , ،"3L‬‬ ‫أنْ =َ) َ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ِ َ%&َ َ" -*'ُ/َ1 Hَ1 3‬‬
‫‪ K‬وآَ)ُ@ُ ‪َ +‬‬
‫ف =َ‪ % ً%‬ه)‪ .‬وَ)\ "ُ&ر=ُ@ُ '*‪ -‬ا‪ِ p‬‬ ‫=َ‪ُ ِ ْC‬‬
‫‪ ِ َ] ْ3ِ% ُ@!َِ/َGَ 3‬اَ‪.ِ َH‬‬
‫ا‪ِ َ!َj‬‬
‫
ذي‬ ‫‪ , I‬اَ ِ‬‫‪ r‬اأ ُة ا! =َ‪ُ C‬‬‫\ =ِ* َ‬
‫‪ -*' A‬ه‪U‬ا اَ‪َ )َ )ِ G‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬أنْ =َ[َ ‪D‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ْ3ِ%‬اُْ‪ِ ِ9‬‬
‫آ َ‬
‫ق‬
‫ح =َ[ ُ اأ ُة ‪َ )َ,‬‬ ‫‪ٍ ` A‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ا‪Vُ.‬ى‪ a, .‬آُ ‪2‬‬ ‫ق ا‪ِ ُ.‬‬ ‫‪ِ )َ, ْ3ِ% A‬‬‫‪ B‬ا‪ C‬ا‪U‬ي ‪p َُ1‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ /‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ع =َ!ِ‪ِ d‬‬ ‫ن ا‪m‬ر ِ‬ ‫ن ِ*َ) ِ‬
‫ن ‪ُCZ‬ه ا‪ , Wُ َ*َ1 ُ َZ.‬ا‪ ،ِƒH‬و'ه ا)ا‪ِ !C‬‬ ‫‪ .B‬آ َ‬ ‫ا‪ِ /‬‬
‫ن ‪ ,‬ا ‪ .(3َ') ََ' , ِ(1‬آ
ْ‬ ‫‪D!/َ= 0D j 3‬ا ِ‬‫‪$V 3‬اوَ‪ِ 1‬‬ ‫ك آََا َد=َ ِ‬ ‫هُ وهُ َ‬
‫ت‪ْ0َ .‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪  َ َ(%/! .‬ه ‪DU‬ا ِ‬ ‫ن =ِ* َ‬
‫‪ ِ ْ%.‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫لا َ‬‫اأ ُة =َ!‪ ، 0ُ ِ/‬و‪ِ Cَ= ْ0‬فْ )'َ‪ (3‬أ ‪D‬و َ‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪َ *ِ= 3‬‬
‫ن ا !ِ‪ُ ً(َ%/‬و‪  َ ْ
َ Dt‬ه ‪DU‬اتْ‪D 9ِ .‬‬ ‫‪&ُ Gَ1‬ثْ ‪ poَ"  ِ=َ+ ,‬أنْ ا !َ‪ 0َ َ/‬أ‪  َ ٌ&َ+‬أو أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ r‬اأ ِة ا! إُ  ))ن(‪.‬‬ ‫ن ]َِه ‪َ *= ْ3%‬‬ ‫ا‪ َ(َ%/ِ! R‬ا‪ َ(D+8‬آ
ْ َ  دو َ‬
‫ل ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ /‬ء‬ ‫ج ا‪ُ t‬‬‫€ ‪D m!َ1‬و ُ‬
‫آ
ْ ))ن( إ‪%‬أ ًة ‪ً َ َV‬ة ِ‪َG‬ةِ‪ ْ
َ/َ ،‬ا‪َ َG‬ة ا‪C‬د‪ُ + َ(D1‬‬
‫ف ه‪U‬ا‬ ‫ت‪)) ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0 .‬ن( =َ‪ُ ِ C‬‬
‫ق وا‪ H‬دا ِ‬ ‫و‪ &ُ َ)1‬ا‪ُ  .‬ء ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ  T‬ء و‪ُ )/1‬د ا[ ُم ‪.‬ورا ِ‬
‫‪  1َ&َ1 3‬وَر"(ً أو ‪ Z‬دةً‪ ،‬و\‬ ‫ع ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‪D m!َ= ْ0  , .‬وجْ و‪ ْEِُ= ْ0‬و‪َ  ْrِ/ُ= ْ0‬‬ ‫ا) َ‬
‫ن‬
‫€ آ َ‬‫‪ Z -!+‬د َة ‪ٍ d%‬د‪ .‬آ
ْ ‪D َ%‬اتٌ )‪ ٌ(َ1)!*ُ% ٌ(*1‬و‪= ٌ(24‬دي إ‪ُ َ+ ، ِ!َ -‬‬
‫ك‬
‫ف ر‪ُ D G!َ= ٍ(*1) ٍ(C,‬‬ ‫‪ K‬ا)ا‪ٍ )aُ` , ِ VT &ُ +‬‬ ‫ن و"&ْ ا!‪َ 8‬‬ ‫ل ‪َ )aَ1‬‬ ‫ا ‪D‬ر ُة ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ t‬‬
‫ ُِ‪ٍ o‬ء ‪ً&D ِt &ٍ 1&Z‬ا‪.‬‬
‫آ
ْ رؤوُ ُ‪ ً(*َ+ 0‬وذ")ُ ُ‪ 0‬و‪)Z‬ار ُ ُ‪ ،ً(*1) 0‬و`ُ&روهُ‪ 0‬وُ ُ‪ٌCَZ  26ُ1 0‬‬
‫‪ُ -ُ1 3‬ء‬ ‫ن دَو َرهُ‪ , 0‬اورِ‪ ،‬وأ‪َ + ً +‬‬ ‫ف ‪[!َ1‬و َ‬ ‫‪ , 3‬ا‪ِ )a8‬‬ ‫آَ‪ .ٌ7:‬آ)ا وا"‪َ a‬‬
‫ن‪.‬‬‫ن أ‪ٍ )aَ] , 0ُ َat‬ة أو ُر ‪ D‬آ)ا ‪َ )%َ1‬‬ ‫ن و"&ْ ‪َ )*6َ1‬‬‫ن أو‪َ )Cَ$َ1‬‬ ‫أو ‪َ )/*َ1 ،ُ7D")َ !1‬‬
‫‪ْ3' E‬‬ ‫‪ ًnZ 3‬وا‪ً&ِ+‬ا َ‪ُ 6َ1 ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0‬‬‫ي ‪ٍ Z‬ء ‚‪D 9َ ،َV‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬أو أ ‪D‬‬‫‪ 3‬أو ذاه* َ‬ ‫ُر ‪ D‬آ)ا ‪)<َ%‬ر‪َ 1‬‬
‫\‬
‫‪ B‬ا‪ ِ(1 ِ , C‬اََ ‪ ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0َ .2‬إ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ r‬ا‪ِ /‬‬‫ق ذَ َ‬
‫‪ r‬أَ‪َ )َ, &ُ َ/‬‬
‫'ُ)ِ ِ‪ 0‬أ &ًا‪ .‬أَ‪َ !&ُ َ/‬ذِ َ‬
‫‪.A‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪U ِ ُ V.‬ا اََ ‪ 2‬ا)‪ِ 1‬‬
‫ح َ ُ‪ 0‬وآ‪ Dk‬ه) ا‪p َ8‬‬ ‫ن ‪ُ )*َ1‬‬‫‪ً&َ/َt‬ا ‪ ُ@D9‬آ َ‬
‫ف‬
‫ل أ‪  D‬ا‪%‬أةٌ ]َ ُ ‪ُ ِ Cَ= ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0َ .ٍ(a1ِZ‬‬
‫
'َ*  ا‪ُ t‬‬ ‫‪َ َ, َ= 3‬‬
‫َ‪ِ Cَ= ْ0‬فْ ))ن( ‪َ +‬‬
‫ن ‪ِ[ ,‬ه ه)‬ ‫ف "&ْ ‪ُ )91‬‬‫‪ُ H, .َ V‚ A‬‬ ‫‪ -Cَ%‬ا‪H‬فِ‪ ،‬أو َ‪  D*C‬آ
ْ =َ‪ٍ 9َHِ ُ@ُ a‬‬

‫‪145‬‬
 ‫
‬
‫ن اأ َة ا! ‪ُ , !َ1‬‬ ‫فأ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪ُ G‬ة 'َ*َ ‪ .‬آ
ْ =‪ُ C‬‬ ‫‪ -*' A‬ا‪ِ G‬ة و=ُِ َ‬ ‫ا‪G‬ةُ‪ ،‬أنْ =ُِ َ‬
‫
'* ‬ ‫‪ r‬اأ ُة ا! \ ‪ُ َ, !1‬‬ ‫ن ‪ .ً(a1Z‬أ‪َ *= D%‬‬ ‫\ أنْ =‪َ )9‬‬ ‫‪3‬إ‪D‬‬ ‫ل \ ‪ُ ِ9ُ1‬‬‫'َ*َ  ا‪ُ t‬‬
‫ن ِ‪ٍ :9‬ة ‪  ,‬ا‪%‬أةٌ ] ُ ‪ .ٍ(َa1Z‬أَ‪ ُ(G‬ه أ‪ َ/aَ ْAَ6Hَ= ْ0  D‬‬ ‫ل أو \ ‪َ )!َ, !1‬‬ ‫ا‪ُ t‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪ 7‬ا ِ‬ ‫‪ٍ Z A‬ء 'ِ&َه‪ُ G, ،‬ة ‪َ *َV‬‬ ‫ن آُ ‪p‬‬
‫ت‪ . ُt!Gَ= ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0َ .‬آ َ‬ ‫‪ r‬اُ‪ِ Dََ/‬‬ ‫آ‪ً:‬ا ِ!* َ‬
‫‪ .B‬إذا  َدتْ وا‪ً&+‬ا ‪َ t‬ء َ‪ُ &َ C‬‬ ‫‪ B‬أو \ =َ‪ُ َ!a‬‬ ‫ ِ‪  ِt‬و‪ ، ِ'!َ%‬وه ا! =<! ُر‪ُ َ!aَ= .‬‬
‫ب‪.‬‬
‫ن آ‪ِ  pU‬‬ ‫ن و‪j9!َ1‬و َ‬ ‫‪َ t 3‬ء ‪&ِ C ْ3%‬هِ أر ‪َ )a'$!َ1 ،ٌ(C‬‬ ‫إ‪j‬نِ‪ ،‬وإذا  َدتْ إ‪ِ j‬‬
‫\ `َ&‪3َ')  ُ!َ1‬‬‫\ ذُ  ً ‪ -*' ُoِ َ1‬ا‪ِ H‬ء ‪ .ُ َ1 0D ُj‬وَ‪ ْ3%  َ ْ3ُ91 ْ0‬أ‪ &ٍ َ+‬إ ‪D‬‬ ‫َ‪))91 ْ0‬ا إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ن ‪ ،ِ3َ*8َaُ%‬و‪ ُ@D9‬ذ َ‬‫€ ‪ -1‬اُ‪ِ DG‬‬ ‫ا‪G‬ة(‪ .‬آ
ْ =ُ‪' ًDُ+ ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0َ . pِG‬د‪ُ + ً D1‬‬
‫ن )'َ‪ 3‬ا‪G‬ة( "‪ ٌ(َ1‬و‪َ D " . ِ ٌ(َ8!*ُ%‬رتْ )'‪ 3‬ا‪G‬ة( أنْ‬ ‫‪E‬ا‪D‬‬ ‫س ا‪ُ C‬‬ ‫ا‪ُ /+R‬‬
‫
))ن( ‪ِ /% ,‬ء‬ ‫‪ 3‬رتْ إ‪ِ  -‬‬ ‫‪)) Wَ % I‬ن(‪ .‬و‪َ +‬‬ ‫‪َ C!ِ A‬‬
‫
ا‪m‬و‪ ِ(Dt‬و=َ! َ‬ ‫=َ ُ َ  َ‬
‫أ‪ &ِ +‬ا‪ِ 1.‬م آ
‪)َV‬ا=ُ  ‪ ً(! j‬هد‪ ً(DC ً(L‬آ‪ ُ /َ=  Dk‬إ‪. ِ!َ -‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ف ‪ %‬ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ 9ُ1‬‬ ‫ل ‪ٍ D %‬ة‪ُ ِ C= ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0َ .‬‬‫‪D . A‬و ِ‬
‫
))ن( =َ*! )'‪ 3‬ا‪G‬ة( ‪ِ ُt‬‬ ‫و‪ِ  ,‬‬
‫ن ‪% ،...‬ذا‬ ‫ن "أ )ه"‪ .‬وزَو‪  ُt‬آ َ‬ ‫‪ d‬وإ آ َ‬ ‫أنْ =َ‪ ِ@C‬آ*(ُ " َر‪ ."Aُt‬أ )ه ‪ ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0‬ر‪ً ُt‬‬
‫ت ]‪0َ a= ْ0 .ٍ($%‬‬ ‫‪"   7‬ا ‪ ،"AُtD‬أ‪ٍ *9ِ  !َ t‬‬ ‫‪)) ْ3% ْ
َ*َ 3‬ن( أنْ =‪َ 8‬‬ ‫آنَ؟ ‪َ +‬‬
‫ن ا[‪ُ d‬م آ‪ .ً a:‬و‪ D‬ار=‪m9‬تْ‬ ‫‪ A‬اَ‪)H‬قِ‪ ،‬وآ َ‬ ‫‪  D9 ً nZ  ْ%‬ر"&تْ ِ‪  ِ/‬ا)‪ِ 1‬‬
‫‪ َ*َ' E‬‬
‫ض ِ!َ َ‪ ْ
َGََ ،‬إ‪)ِt -‬ارِه ور"(ً ‪$V‬ا َء `‪ً 6‬ة آُ!ِ َ‬ ‫ق ا‪.‬ر ِ‬ ‫ َِ&ه ‪َ ),‬‬
‫ن ‪ %‬ا!‪  َ)+ ْ
a‬أ` ُ‪)) W‬ن( ‪ِ,lk‬ه ا)‪ ِ(*1‬ا‪G‬ا ِء‬ ‫"'‪ُ H‬ة "ُوش"‪َ 'ُ ،‬‬
‫اُ& ََ(ِ‪ .‬آ
ْ ))ن( "&ْ ‪ l‬تْ ِ‪ ٍ('ُ/‬ووَ"‪ ْ
َa‬أ‪ 0ُ ِ/!َ=  َ%%‬ا !‪  َ!%/‬ا&ا‪ َ(L‬ا&‪،َ(D1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ل أنْ =َ َ َ‬ ‫ل را"& ًة =ُ‪G‬و ُ‬
‫
آ
ْ ‪m= \ (3َ') @,‬ا ُ‬ ‫‪ ,‬و" ٍ‬
‫‪  ُ B‬ا‪ ُ 68‬اُ‪ ُ ُ91 ُ 1&!/‬و‪ .&ُ َC81‬و‪  ِ9% &ُCَ1 ْ0‬إ‪ ً "d‬أنْ =ُ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 0D ُj‬أ` َ‬
‫‪ ،ً%= ِ@ K‬و‪ َ ْ&ُCَ1 ْ0‬‬
‫ب ‪&` ْ3%‬رِه ‪ -!+‬ا!‪َ 8‬‬ ‫— و‪ُ ِ !1‬‬ ‫ن َُ  ‪ُ ِa!1‬‬ ‫‪َ8َV‬ه‪ .‬آ َ‬
‫ق ‪ِ8َV‬ه اُ!‪،Zd‬‬ ‫‪َ )َ, 3‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آا َد=َ ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬ه
ْ ' ))ن( ا<‪$‬او‪ِ 1‬‬ ‫‪ .ٌْ8َV‬و‪َ +‬‬
‫ل ‪ٍ D %‬ة ‪ ْ
:َِ % ْ0َj . ِ=+ ,‬أنْ =َ‪ ْ
َZd‬ه ِ‪k‬آَ*ِ ‪ْ0 .‬‬‫=َ‪ ْ
َZd‬ا !‪  ُ!%/‬ا‪D . ُ(D1&D‬و ِ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أ‪ُ ِ9ُ1  D‬‬ ‫‪p [= ْ3ُ9= ْ0 .ْ
ِZd=  D9َ ، ُ!1&َ` ْ
َZd= 7‬‬ ‫=‪C‬فْ )'‪ِ (3‬ذا أو آ َ‬
‫أن =َ!َ‪.ً %)َ1 -Zd‬‬

‫‪146‬‬
 ‫َز‪ ْ
aَ+‬ا‪ ُ(َ%)%ُ.‬إ‪ِ&َ/َt -‬ه‪ ْ
D$, ،‬ذرا'َ  و"َ  ِ!ُ&‪َ ,‬ء َ‪,  َ/a‬ذا  =‪0p َ$‬‬
‫ن ‪ ُ@َُ,‬ا‪ . َ1&َj ِ@, ْ
D&َ َ, ،ُ€َ *َ1 ً +)!aَ% ُ 68‬و‪َ+‬‬ ‫ن `َ‪ً&D ِt ٍ 6‬ا‪ .‬آ َ‬ ‫ل إ‪ٍ /‬‬ ‫‪َ )َ+‬‬
‫‪ِ&َ/َِ ُ@!D)+  ِGَ -*' 3‬ه أآ‪k, َ :‬آ‪ َ :‬آ‪Dk‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ َaCD$‬‬ ‫أ‪ ِ@D9َ, َo64 ْ
D/+‬ا'َِ ِ‬
‫‪ r‬ا*‪ ِ([G‬ا<ا‪ ِ(,‬ا<‪ ِ(a‬إر=‪ٌ(V` ْ
Ca‬‬ ‫ه =ُ&‪ً % ُ@ُ*ِV‬ة ‪ ً(j‬إ‪َ *= , . ِَ -‬‬
‫ƒ‪ِ ْ&َ= ْ0َ .‬ر‬
‫خ و‪ُ ُ,1‬‬ ‫ن "َ&ْ َ&َأ ‪ُ ُ 81‬‬ ‫‪ُ .A‬ذ'ِ َتْ و‪ ُ@D9َ  ِ/ِِ ُ@=kDV‬آ َ‬ ‫‪D +‬دةٌ ‪ 0ِ َ, ْ3%‬ا‪ِ a‬‬
‫‪ُ .r‬ر ‪D‬‬ ‫ث   ‪َ &َ C‬ذِ َ‬ ‫‪َ& 0D ُj .A‬أتْ =َي ‪  ِ!َ'ُ -8"k‬وَ‪ِ Cَ= ْ0‬فْ ‪%‬ذا ‪َ &َ +‬‬ ‫‪%‬ذا =َ‪ُ َCa‬‬
‫ي ‪ٍ َZ‬ء أو رأتْ‬ ‫ث َ  أ ‪p‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬واَ ِ&‪ُ .‬ر ‪َ &+ D‬‬ ‫=َ‪َ D:َC‬تْ أو َََ
ْ ‪ٍ !َ, &َ C‬ة ‪ِ &D ِZ ْ3ِ%‬ة ا‪ِ 1mD‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ƒ `‪َ َ ٌ6‬‬ ‫‪)` 3‬ر ًة وا‪ً &+‬ة ‪ ً(َ*j% ْ
D*l‬أ‪َ %‬م 'ََ ‪ ٌ0/ِt .‬أ‪ُ َ*%‬‬ ‫ي ‪َZ‬ءٍ‪D 9َ ،‬‬ ‫أ ‪D‬‬
‫ن 'ََ ‪،‬‬ ‫ƒ َ) َ‬ ‫ع =َ‪ُ ِ9C‬‬ ‫ن ِ&‪ٍ )%‬‬‫ن ‪ِ !n*%‬‬‫ا‪)<8‬رِ‪)!aَ% ُ@َُ, ،‬حٌ ‪ ،ُ€َ *َ1‬و' ُ ا‪ِ =68‬‬
‫‪ A‬و=ُدي 'َ* ‬ ‫ن و"َ&‪ ُ%‬آََ&َ‪  1‬و"َ َ&‪&َ%  َ%‬ودةٌ ‪ ,‬ا َ)ا ِء آ‪ُ D)َ َ!َ= Dk‬‬ ‫و‪&1‬ا ُ ا&"! ِ‬
‫ح‪.‬‬
‫ ‪ٍ G‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ُ A‬أ‪  2%‬أو ِ‪ٍ a‬‬
‫€ ِ‪ِ 1َU‬‬
‫ي أُ‪ ِ@2%‬أو ‪ُ DَHَ!َ= ٍ(َ*a‬‬
‫وه‪Uَ9‬ا '&‪ُ8 Wُ 1 %‬ه '*‪ -‬و ٍ& ‪َ &َj Wُ َ41‬‬
‫ƒ‬
‫‪ ُ َ [َ1 ،9َ1 A‬اِ‪ 0ُ /‬ا‪ُ َ*%.‬‬ ‫‪ E‬أو ‪ٍ a‬‬ ‫‪ُ َC*َ1 A‬‬‫‪ r‬أو ‪ٍ a‬‬ ‫‪ُ G$َ1 A‬‬ ‫‪ُ &ِ َِ r‬أ‪ ،ِ@2%‬أو ‪ٍ a‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ/ُ1‬‬
‫‪ُ 8!ِ  َُ, B‬خَ‪ ،‬و"& ‪ُ&َ/َt Wُ ِ,&َ1‬ه ‪ْ3ِ%‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ )<8‬ر‪ُ ِ!َa1 Uٍ ِnَ+ .‬‬ ‫ا‪U‬ي =آ!ْ@ُ  َ‬
‫ض‬
‫ق ا‪ِ )<8‬ر =َ‪ ُ ُaG‬ا‪.‬ر َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا<مِ‪ ،‬و"&ْ =‪ -*' ُo/‬رُآَ!َ  ‪َ )َ,‬‬ ‫=* ِء َ‪َ, ِ@ِ/a‬ي َ َ‬
‫ب‪.‬‬‫‪  1َ&َ1 3‬ا!ُا َ‬
‫‪َ َ A‬‬
‫ ‪  ِCِ `k‬و=َ<ُ ُ‬

‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة(‪8!ِ (8<*% ،‬ف‪ ،) &% (!9% ،‬اهةُ‪،‬‬

‫)ال ا‪&C/‬اوي‪) ،‬ا<َ‪ ُo‬و'َ ُ‬
‫ا‪ (C‬ا‪.112-61 ،1983 (::‬‬

‫أٌ ل ا‪:‬‬

‫أ‪ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أ‪ ْ $%‬ا‪ ِ #‬ا"!‪:‬‬
‫ف ا‪َB1‬؟‬
‫‪ ُ( ' ْ
*+ 3‬ا‪ِ CR‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% .1‬أ‪َ 1‬‬

‫‪147‬‬
 ‫‪% .2‬ذا رأتْ اَ(ُ؟‬
‫‪ K‬أنْ ‪َ7D")َ َ!َ1‬؟‬
‫‪ ْ3ِ% E‬ا‪ِ L/‬‬
‫‪َ *ِ ْ3َ% .3‬‬
‫‪B‬؟‬
‫‪% .4‬ذا ‪ ْ
*C,‬اأ ُة ِ*َ‪ِ 1‬‬
‫ل ا رِ؟‬
‫‪َ dِV A‬‬
‫‪% .5‬ذا آ
ْ اأ ُة =َ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آ
ْ َ& َ!ُ ؟‬
‫‪ .6‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪ ْ
:Cَ 3‬ا(ُ ر(ً؟‬
‫‪ .7‬إ‪ -‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا(ِ؟‬
‫‪% .8‬ذا *
ْ ‪َ *= ,‬‬
‫ن ‪ َ' 26ُ1‬اأةِ؟‬
‫‪% .9‬ذا آ َ‬
‫‪ 7‬آ
ْ 'ِه؟‬
‫‪ .10‬آ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة '‪ ْ3‬اُ‪9‬ءِ؟‬
‫‪ .11‬ذا آَ‪ُ ' ْ
Da‬‬
‫‪% .12‬ذا &أتْ =َ‪ُAَCa‬؟‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪G‬ةِ؟‬
‫
و\د ِة ' ِ‬
‫‪ A‬و" َ‬
‫ب ‪ُ َCa1‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ .‬‬
‫‪% .13‬ذا آ َ‬
‫‪ 7‬إ‪ -‬ا ِة ا‪َ U‬رةِ؟‬
‫‪ُ +m= 3‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة ‪َ +‬‬
‫‪ُ ' A‬‬
‫‪% .14‬ذا =‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪G‬ةِ؟‬
‫ي ‪ٍ Z‬ء =&ر
ْ ‪ِ ' 1dV‬‬
‫‪ -*' .15‬أ ‪2‬‬
‫‪  ُ $= 3‬أ‪ p%‬؟‬
‫‪َ + A‬‬
‫‪% .16‬ذا آ
ْ =‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪ ِ/ِِ K‬؟‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة و‪ُ 8!*=  ُ/ d%‬‬
‫ن ‪ِ ' ُ CZ‬‬
‫‪ -!% .17‬آ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا!
ْ ‪ ِ=k‬؟‬
‫‪ .18‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ƒ ' َ& ا‪.‬آ‪ِA‬؟‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة =*ِ ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬آ
ْ ' ُ‬
‫‪ .19‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪.A‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪.‬آ ِ‬
‫ب ‪ِ G` ,‬‬
‫ك ا‪َ .‬‬
‫ن ‪Hُ1‬ر ُ‬
‫‪ ْ3َ% .20‬آ َ‬

‫‪148‬‬
 ‫‪  ُ`ُ = 3‬أ‪ p%‬؟‬
‫‪َ + A‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة =‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪% .21‬ذا آ
ْ ' ُ‬
‫ق ‪ ,‬ا[ ِ إ‪ -‬أ  ؟‬
‫‪ُ 6!/َ= 3‬‬
‫ث ‪َ +‬‬
‫ن ‪ُ &Gَ1‬‬
‫‪% .22‬ذا آ َ‬
‫ن و‪)/% !َ1‬نَ؟‬
‫ن ا‪.‬و\ ُد ‪َ )9+$!َ1‬‬
‫‪ -!% .23‬آ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة =َ<‪0ُ ُ,‬؟‬
‫‪ .24‬ه‪ ْA‬آ
ْ ' ُ‬
‫ن ورا َء اتِ؟‬
‫‪1 3‬و َ‬
‫ن ‪َ +‬‬
‫ن ا‪.‬و\ ُد ‪َ )*Ca1‬‬
‫‪% .25‬ذا آ َ‬
‫‪ r‬اُتِ؟‬
‫‪َ *= A‬‬
‫‪ِ :% , 3‬‬
‫ت ‪َ *Caَ1‬‬
‫‪% .26‬ذا آ
ْ ا ُ‬
‫ب‪/ .‬اب أم ‪+,-‬؟ أُآ"ُْ ‪ /‬أُآ"ُ‪ $%‬ا‪ 8َ 9‬ا‪ !345ِ6 +,7‬ا‪.ِ R‬‬
‫ت ‪ ْ3% ً,)َV‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد‪.‬‬
‫‪ .1‬آ
ْ '‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة =ي ‪)'U%‬ر ًة ‪ Wَ %‬ا ِ‬
‫ل ِ‪1m‬ر ِة أ  ‪.‬‬
‫ ا‪ِ t‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آُ* ‪ُ C َ $+‬‬
‫‪ .2‬آ
ْ أ‪)V‬ا=ُ  ‪َ a!<َ1‬‬
‫ل وأ) ُد‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة "&‪ ٌ01‬و  ٍ‬
‫ب ا‪U‬ي ==&‪ُ ' ُ@1‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ ):‬‬
‫‪ .3‬آ َ‬
‫š ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ [!R‬ر‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة ‪َ )1‬م ‪ &ُ 1ُ=  D.  ِ!ًُV‬أنْ =َ!َ<*‪َ D‬‬
‫‪ُ ' ْ
َm+ .4‬‬
‫ق‪.‬‬
‫ع وا‪).‬ا ِ‬
‫ل ‪)H‬ار ِ‬
‫‪ K‬إ‪ , 0 D‬ا رِ آ‪ً:‬ا ‪Z %‬ه&وا '‪ُ )D َ!َ= 3‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ L/‬‬
‫‪َ " .5‬‬
‫ن ا ِء ا‪.,8‬‬
‫ن ِ*َ) ِ‬
‫ƒ و'ه ا)ا‪ِ !C‬‬
‫ن ‪ُCZ‬اأة ا‪ , Wُ َ*َ1 ُ َZ.‬ا‪ِ H‬‬
‫‪ .6‬آ َ‬
‫‪.B‬‬
‫
إَ ‪ 0‬و &أتْ =[ُ ُ ‪ , ً(2a!ُ%‬وَ‪ ِ@t‬ا‪ِ 1‬‬
‫‪ .7‬إ&‪ ْ
C,‬اأ ُة =ُ‪ 0 j2&G‬و=َ*!َ‪َ ِa‬‬
‫‪ٍ D1k r‬م آَ‪ٍ َ :‬ة‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬ذ َ‬
‫‪&َ  ُ=+ ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0َ .8‬أتْ ‪َ )َ1‬م ‪ِ&ِ)َ%‬ه آَ‪َ C‬دةِ ا‪D‬سِ‪ ،‬وإ‪&َ D‬أتْ " َ‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫‪DU  َ B‬ا ِ‬
‫ن ا !‪ َ(%/‬اأ ِة ا‪ -*' ِ(16‬ا‪ِ /‬‬
‫‪ .9‬آ
ْ '‪ Uُ % 3‬ا&ا‪ِ Cَ= ِ(1‬فْ أ ‪D‬‬
‫ƒ و=َى و=َ‪ 0p ُH‬أ‪.ً$1‬‬
‫‪ r‬آَ
ْ =َ‪p ُG‬‬
‫ل ‪ ًَt‬و‪ Wَ %‬ذَ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬آَ
ْ '‪ 3‬ا‪G‬ة \ =َ‪m‬ا ُ‬
‫‪َ + .10‬‬

‫‪Functional Expression‬‬ ‫أ'‪,‬رات ا)('َ&‬

‫‪149‬‬
ْ‫ أن‬r
ِ ْZ‫ َو‬-*'

ُ ُ‫آ‬ I was about

.ٍ@t)ِ ً t‫ ًة َو‬D َ%  ِ

ُ ََ!‫إ‬ I met her once face to face.

&ُ Cَ ْ3ِ% after that

‫س‬
ِ D‫ َد ِة ا‬Cَ‫آ‬ like what people usually do

ِ('D/‫ت ا‬
ِ D"&َ َ‫آ‬ like a clock clicking

 ِ)َ+ ْ3% ‫ ُء‬Z.‫أ‬ things around her

!ً j‫ف إ‬
ُ !َ= ٌ(َaِ9!Cُ% lonely doing some wrong thing

 ِ%&َ َ" -‫ْ رأِ  إ‬3ِ% from her head to feet

.
ٍ Cَ ‫ل‬
َ )َ+ 0ُ ُ$Cَ ‫ن‬
َ )CDَ!َ1 They congregated.

ُ )َ Gَ K
َ ِ*َ= ْ‫ ُ& أن‬1ُ= She wanted to go to him

ً%َ= ‫ف‬
ُ ِ ْCَ= ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0َ She didn’t know completely

\)َ If it were not for ….

ِ َHَ‫ْ ]َ ِ ا‬3ِ% non-human

 ِ9% &ُCَ1 ْ0 she was no longer able to …

A
D َ[َ= ْ‫ أن‬3
ِ ِ9ُْ‫ْ ا‬3ِ% ‫ن‬
َ ‫آ‬ She was able to remain …

ِ ْ%.
َ‫لا‬
ُ ‫و‬D ‫أ‬ in the first place

.‫ت‬
ِ ‫ا‬DU ‫َ  ه‬ to her specifically

‫َ ِة‬Gِ ٌ‫َ َة‬V ٌ‫ْ ََأة‬%‫إ‬ a woman with life experience

.A
ُ َCaَ= ‫ذا‬% ‫ْ =َ&ْ ِر‬0َ She didn’t know what to do.

150
 &ِ َ‫ وا‬7
ِ 1mD‫& ِة ا‬D ِZ ْ3ِ% of intense bleeding& exhaustion

.‫ح‬
ٍ G  َ*َ' ‫ و=ُدي‬A
ُ D)َ َ!َ= constantly begging and calling

. ِ*َ‫آ‬kِ ‫َ
ْ ه‬Zdَ= She completely disappeared

. ََ' ‫ن‬
َ )َ ƒ
ُ ِ9Cَ= Reflects her eyes color.

ِ@ِ/ْaَ ‫ِْ =ِ* ِء‬ automtically

 ‫ح‬
ُ )*َ= appears to me

ُ D8‫) ُد ا‬/َ1 3
َ + when silence prevails

ٌ‫ِ َة‬V ٌ‫َ[ات‬ sarcastic looks

َ(َ+َa‫ِ@ُ ا‬Hَ1 ِ something like joy

‫ ٍء‬:!‫َ ِ ا‬6ِ without exception

ٍ(َ'ُ -8"k at utmost speed

‫ ٍد‬d% ‫َ د ُة‬Z birthday certificate

Grammar ِ‫ا‬$%‫ا‬
1. Like the Subjunctive, the Jussive Mood ‫وم‬m‫ ا‬A
ُ Ca‫ أ‬is based on the present tense
with certain changes in the end vowel. The Jussive form of the verb for the
feminine second and third person does not change.

The Jussive Mood is used if the verb followsone of the following particles:

1.1. The negation particle of the past tense ْ0َ , as in A

ُ ُ‫آ‬k= ، ْ
َ*َ‫أآ‬

She did not eat her breakfast. ‫ُ)رَه‬, ْAُ‫آ‬k= ْ0َ

1.2. In the case of Imperative following the particle ِ‫ ـ‬, as in E

ُ َ‫ْه‬Uَ

151
 Let us go to the movies ! !/‫ ا‬-‫ْ إ‬Eَ‫ْه‬Uَِ

1.3. The Jussive Mood is also used in the case of Negative Imperative following
the particle \ , as in A
ُ َCَ=

Don’t do bad things! !َ ‫و‬9‫ْ ا‬AَCَ= \

1.4. It is used following the Condition particle ْ‫ إن‬, as in 

ُ ََ‫س و‬
ُ ‫َ ُر‬

If he studies he will pass. ََْ ْ‫إنْ َ ُرس‬

2. Vocative Particles in Arabic are  ُ!D1‫أ‬  p1‫أ‬ 1

2.1. The noun which follows has to be in the nominative case, but never takes
Nunation, as in: ‫ أُ! ُذ‬1

2.2. If the noun that follows the vocative particle is the first term of Idaafa or has a
possessive pronoun attached to it, that noun has to be in the accusative, as in:

!ِ(D C‫ أُ! َذ ا‬

َ‫ أُ!ذ‬1

2.3. The noun which follows  ُ!D1‫ أ‬،  p1‫ أ‬has to be definite. The first is used for
masculine and the second for feminine. The noun has to be in the nominative case,
as in:

!ُ(َ1&D8‫!ُ  ا‬D1‫َأ‬ !K
ُ 1&D8‫  ا‬p1‫َأ‬

Drill #1 ‫ول‬.‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Use the words and phrases in the Functional Expressions List in good sentences:

152
‫‪Drill #2‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬ا‪2‬‬
‫‪Please choose the correct options:‬‬

‫ت ا(َ‪:‬‬
‫إ‪ / ْ!V‬إ‪!V‬ري ا‪a‬ا ِ‬
‫‪  D, A‬آ
ْ‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ‪u‬آ ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة =*ِ ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬آ
ْ ' ُ‬
‫‪َ + .1‬‬
‫ك أ‪)V‬ا=ِ ‬
‫ت‪Hُ= .‬ر ُ‬ ‫ك ُأ‪ D%‬‬
‫ب‪Hُ= .‬ر ُ‬ ‫ك وا&َه‬
‫أ‪Hُ= .‬ر ُ‬

‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‪:‬‬
‫ن ِ‪ِ ' ِ(*ِLC‬‬
‫‪ .2‬آ َ‬
‫ت‬
‫ت‪ .‬أر َ ُ‪ٍ َ W‬‬ ‫ت‬
‫
َ ٍ‬
‫ب‪p ِ .‬‬ ‫ت‬
‫ƒ َ ٍ‬
‫أ‪ُ َV .‬‬

‫‪.....r‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪ 0َ .‬وذ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة أنْ =)" َ‬
‫‪ .3‬إ!'
ْ ' ُ‬
‫ت‪&<! .‬ا ِم ِ‪ ِ/‬‬ ‫ع‬
‫ل ا&‪ِ )%‬‬
‫ب‪ِ dV ْ3% .‬‬ ‫‪1dَV E‬ه‬
‫أ‪&!ِ .‬ر‪ِ 1‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ا‪)<8‬رِ‪.‬‬
‫ن أُ‪V‬ى آُ‪َ D‬اه راآِ‪َ َ ً(ِC‬‬
‫‪ , .4‬أ‪َ +‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ(*9‬ااد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ً َ L].‬ة‬ ‫ب‪ .‬وا"ِ‪ً(a‬‬ ‫أ‪ً(َ/t .‬‬
‫ن 'ِ&ه ا‪!V‬راتٌ '&‪&1‬ةٌ ه ‪. .......‬‬
‫‪ .5‬أأ ُة ا! آ َ‬
‫ت‪ُ .‬أ‪ p%‬‬ ‫ب‪ ُ!َ1&` .‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫
' ِ‬
‫أ‪ .‬أُ‪ُ V‬‬

‫‪َ A‬ى ‪UGِ ً<=ُ%  َ/ِt‬ا ِء ا ِ‬

‫‪ , .6‬ا* ِ‬

‫‪153‬‬
 ‫أ‪C‬ر ُة ] ُ ااد‪:(,‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ت‪ِ ِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪)ِ .‬ا ِر‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫أ‪2 َ8َِ .‬‬

‫‪.B‬‬
‫ق ا‪ِ /‬‬
‫ح =[ ُ اأ ُة ‪َ ),‬‬
‫‪ٍ ` A‬‬
‫‪ , .7‬آُ ‪2‬‬
‫ƒ‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪C‬آ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪aَ!<َ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪= .‬دي‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫أ‪ُ ِ8َ!*َ= .‬‬

‫ل‪.‬‬
‫
'َ*َ  ا‪ُ t2‬‬
‫‪ُ .8‬ر ‪ D‬ه ا‪%‬أةٌ ‪ُ َ, !َ1‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ُoَ6$َ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ ُ9َ1 .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪ُ ُِ1 .‬‬
‫‪ِ &َ= ْ0َ .9‬ر 'َ ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة ‪%‬ذا =َ‪.ُAَCa‬‬
‫أ‪C‬ر ُة اُاد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ْAُ<َ= ْ0َ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ 8َ= ْ0َ .‬خْ‬ ‫أ‪ِ Cَ= ْ0َ .‬فْ‬

‫‪..... 3‬‬
‫ل ا‪َ 1U‬‬
‫ب هُ‪ 0‬ا‪ُ t2‬‬
‫ن آ‪ِ  ُU‬‬
‫ن و‪mَ1‬دادو َ‬
‫‪َ )aَ'$!َ1 3‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أ‪َ 1U‬‬
‫
)ن‬
‫ن إ‪ِ  -‬‬
‫أ‪$Gَ1 .‬و َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫ن أ  ' ِ‬
‫ب‪m1 .‬ورو َ‬
‫ف‬
‫ن ‪ ِ( ' ,‬ا‪ِ CR‬‬
‫ت‪َ )*Cَ1 .‬‬

‫‪154‬‬
 ‫ب‪:‬‬
‫‪ .11‬أ‪ُ G‬ة َِ!'ِ  ور‪  ِt‬أ‪َ %‬م  ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬اَ(ِ‬ ‫ب‪ ِ!َ1&َ` .‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ  ' ِ‬

‫‪....... 3‬‬
‫‪' E‬د‪َ َ ً D1‬‬
‫‪ ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0َ .12‬ا‪p G‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫ل و'َ ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ t2‬‬ ‫ب‪) .‬ن و`َ&‪ ِ!َ1‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا(ِ وزَو‪ ِt‬‬

‫‪) Wَ % I‬ن آ

ْ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة ِ!َ‪َ C‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا!ََ*َ
ْ ' ُ‬
‫‪َ + .13‬‬
‫ت‪ً(َ*ِ8َaُ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً(َD &َ ُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬وا‪ً(َِj‬‬

‫‪ .14‬آ
ْ ا(ُ ‪. ........‬‬
‫‪:E‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫ت‪ً(D ََ' .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً(D18َ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أُردُ‪ً(D‬‬

‫‪ُ &َ ' .15‬د أو\ ِد )ن آن‪:‬‬

‫ن   أو\دٌ‬
‫ت‪ % .‬آ َ‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪ .‬إ‪ِ j‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬وا‪ٌ&+‬‬

‫ن )ن ُر ‪ D‬آ)ا‪:‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آ)ا ‪m1‬ورو َ‬
‫ل ا‪َ 1U‬‬
‫‪ .16‬أ‪ُ t2‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫\‬
‫ت‪)ِ .‬ا ً‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ذاه* َ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫أ‪)<َ% .‬ر‪َ 1‬‬

‫‪155‬‬
 ‫ل )ن ‪ %‬آ
ْ‪:‬‬
‫ل أ‪َ %‬م ‪ِ mَ%‬‬
‫ف ا‪ِ t2‬‬
‫‪ُ )aُ` .17‬‬
‫ت‪ً 8" .‬ة‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ر‪ً(C,‬‬ ‫أ‪ً(َ*1) .‬‬

‫ل ‪.ً(َ*َ+ .............‬‬
‫‪ .18‬آ
ْ ‪ ........‬ا‪ِ t2‬‬
‫ن ‪ .....‬ورؤوُ ُ‪0‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬ذُ") ُ‬
‫ب ‪ .....‬وذُ")ُ ُ‪0‬‬
‫ب‪)َZ .‬ار ُ‬
‫س ‪)َZ .....‬ار ُ ُ‪0‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬رؤو ُ‬

‫ل )ن ‪ %‬آ)ا‪:‬‬
‫ل أ‪َ %‬م ‪ِ m%‬‬
‫‪ .19‬ا‪ُ t2‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‪َ )[َِ!/َ1 .‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪َ )Cَ$َ1 .‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫أ‪َ )/ِ*َ1 .‬‬

‫ن '&َ‪ ....... %‬أُو ُر‪.‬‬

‫ن و\ ‪َ )C$َ1‬‬
‫ل \ ‪َ )/*َ1‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ t2‬‬
‫‪ .20‬آ َ‬
‫ع‬
‫ت‪ُ ِ /ُ1 .‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ب‪ُ D")َ َ!َ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ -ُ1 .‬ء‬

‫‪ E‬ا‪ ُ V.‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ل آ‪ ُ@Dk‬اَ‪p 8‬‬
‫ح *‪ِ t2‬‬
‫ن ‪ُ )*1‬‬
‫‪ .21‬أ‪U‬ي آ َ‬
‫ت‪ُ&َ/َt .‬ه‬ ‫‪ ِ!َ B‬‬
‫ب‪ُ  .‬‬ ‫
)ن‬
‫أ‪ .‬أََ ‪ p‬إ‪ِ  -‬‬

‫
)ن ‪  D.‬ا‪%‬أةٌ ‪. ......‬‬
‫ل '*‪ِ  -‬‬
‫
ا‪ُ t2‬‬
‫‪َ , َ= .22‬‬

‫‪156‬‬
 ‫ت‪ٍ(a1Z ُ ] .‬‬ ‫ب‪ٌ(َa1َZ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٌ(*1) .‬‬

‫ف ‪َ[َ ,‬ي ه) ا‪ُ َG‬ة‪.‬‬

‫‪ .23‬أ‪ُ َ DH‬‬
‫‪ r‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ل ذ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬أنْ ‪َ )1‬‬
‫أ‪U‬ي ‪ُ 9ُ1‬‬
‫ت‪) .‬ن‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫ب‪ُ ' .‬‬ ‫ت )ن‬
‫أ‪ .‬إ‪&+‬ى ‪t‬را ِ‬

‫‪. ....... A‬‬

‫‪ .24‬إ‪) ْ
a!V‬ن ِ‪ٍ 9ِH‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ -taُ% .‬ء‬ ‫ب‪ٍ َ .‬ء‬ ‫أ‪Wٍ 1َ .‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة ‪: D. ٌْ8َV‬‬

‫‪ِ َCِ ْ&ُCَ1 ْ0َ .25‬‬
‫ت‪َt .‬ا َدةٌ‬ ‫ب‪ٌAِ%+ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٌ($1َ% .‬‬

‫‪Drill # 3‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬ا‪32‬‬

‫أ‪DL َ .‬ك ‪LDَ /‬آ‪ $‬اُ‪ 8َ 9‬ا"! َ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬آ
أ"‪ &8‬أ@ [ي ‪' %‬د ا‪.W!% a/‬‬
‫‪ % .2‬آ
=‪ 31&8‬أ  ‪)]% ] š<Z‬ب ‪ , @,‬ه‪U‬ا ا!‪.W‬‬
‫‪)" .3‬ا '@ إ@ ر‪a1 \ At‬ق ‪ 3‬ا‪)G‬ق وا)ا‪t‬ت‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ا'!& أ@ ‪ + 3%‬أن !& ا‪t‬اءات ا‪ (%)9G‬ا‪V.‬ة‪.‬‬
‫‪` (t= CZ .5‬د"( ‪ 'H‬ا<`( ‪ r*= ,‬ا‪.@=+ 3% (*+‬‬
‫‪ , .6‬ا)ا"‪ W‬آن اƒ ‪&!C%‬ل وا‪/‬ء `‪) (,‬ال ا‪).‬ع‪.‬‬

‫‪157‬‬
 ‫‪ .7‬ه)ا‪ (1‬ا @ ا‪ 6`.‬أن ‪1‬أ !ار '‪$+ 3‬رة ‪ 8%‬ا&‪.(1‬‬
‫‪ .8‬أ‪ E+‬ا‪ CH‬ا‪  C‬ا&‪ jk! 01‬وا&ي وأ!ذ ا*‪.=+ W*% , (6‬‬
‫‪!1 .9‬د)ن )ا ‪ W‬ا‪ U% &1‬آ)ا ‪d‬ب ‪ ,‬ا‪ (*+‬ا‪&! .‬ا‪.(L‬‬
‫‪ .10‬و‪)!9% (!,\ &t‬ب '*  "ا‪8 3C‬ة وا& "‪8‬ة"‪.‬‬

‫ ا‪!94‬ت ا"! "‪:9 89 C4‬‬

‫ب‪َ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أي ‪َ PDP‬‬
‫ف ِ  ا‪.‬و\ َد‪.‬‬
‫‪Gِ  1&َ1 u‬ر ِة َ‪َ= ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0‬ي وَ‪ ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0‬و= ِ‪ُ U‬‬
‫‪ُ َ= ْAَ ُ َ'Uَ= . .1‬‬
‫‪. D6ُ= 3‬‬
‫‪ِ َ=َ L] 3‬‬
‫‪&َ 2!ُ% ٌ(َ 3‬ةٌ ‪ ْ3%‬ا&‪ Wِ %D‬واِ‪ِ َ!َC‬‬
‫ 'ََ ِ‬
‫‪َ .2‬ر‪ ْ
َCَ,‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫ن ا‪.‬و\ ِد‪.‬‬
‫ت ‪ً V‬ة ‪ِ )ُ' ,‬‬
‫‪ .3‬و‪ mُ ِaَ= َ+‬و‪DْC!َ1‬ى ‪Uِ<َ,‬اه =َى َ[ا ٍ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪  , E‬ا ‪D D‬د ‪t‬ءَ ‪ِ ,‬‬
‫
ر(ً أ*ُ ُ‬
‫‪ُ :Cَ 3‬‬
‫‪ .4‬اَ َء ِ‪ٍ َ !a‬ة أ َ)لَ‪D 9 ،‬‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ت ا‪68‬ا ُ‬
‫ق ا ُ‬
‫ن ‪ %‬ا<َ ُ‪ 0‬و=َ!‪ُ D َa‬‬
‫ت ِ*‪ ِ(16‬وُ' َ‬
‫‪)'Uَ% 3‬را ٍ‬
‫‪D ُ ُCِ*َ!َ= .5‬‬
‫ض!‬
‫\ ‪ &َ C‬أنْ ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ض هُ إ ‪D‬‬
‫ق ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ُ .‬ء ‪ِ ), ْ3%‬‬
‫‪*ِ B‬أ ِة أنْ =‪َ C‬‬
‫‪p ِ8َ1 \ .6‬‬
‫ت '(ٍ  َ(ٍ‪.‬‬
‫ن َ‪)`k Wَ % 0ُ ُ$C‬ا ٍ‬
‫ن و‪َ )9G$َ1‬‬
‫ ‪َ )/% !َ1‬‬
‫ن َ‪ٍ C‬‬
‫‪َ )CDَ!َ1 .7‬‬
‫ح ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ْ3' ًnZ E‬ا*َ َ‪ 0‬آ
ْ =*) ُ‬
‫
أنْ أآ!ُ َ‬
‫
‪+‬و ُ‬
‫‪ .8‬رِ‪ D9 !َ*+‬آُ*‪ D‬أ‪ُ 9َ/%‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ت وأردا‪D ُ َ,‬‬
‫‪1 3‬وا ورا ِء ا ِ‬
‫ن أ‪&j‬ا َءهُ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .9‬أنْ ‪ &ُ DَC!1‬أ‪.‬و\د ‪َ ) $َ1‬‬
‫ي وا‪ mَ a‬آ
ْ =ُ‪.0ُ ُِ /‬‬
‫ل '&َ‪ %‬آتْ و &أتْ ا َ‬
‫‪ Wَ % E‬ا‪ِ a.‬‬
‫‪ُ َC*َ= .10‬‬

‫‪158‬‬
Drill # 4 4!‫ اا‬/01‫أ‬
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:

. ...... ‫َ
ْ )ن‬Zd= .1
A
ٍ *ِ A
ِ a2‫ َ& و\ َد ِة ا‬Cَ .‫أ‬
A
ٍ *ِ A
ِ a2‫ و\ َد ِة ا‬A
َ َ" .‫ب‬
‫ ًا‬Z A
ِ a2‫ ' ُ ا‬B
َ `‫ أ‬%&' .‫ت‬

: َ*aِ ‫ ِة‬G‫ ا‬3

ُ ' ْ‫ َوَ َ&ت‬.2
‫<) ِر‬p8‫ ا‬3
َ َ .‫ت‬

ِ َ‫ ا‬, .‫ب‬ -aH!/ُ‫ ا‬, .‫أ‬

. ..... %َ&ِ'  َ*aِ ‫ ِة‬G‫ ا‬3

ُ َ' ُ D‫آ‬U!َ= .3
3
َ 1VT‫ل ا‬
َ a‫هِ ُ& أ‬Hُ= .‫ت‬ ‫<) ِر‬p8‫ ا‬3
َ  ‫ن‬
ُ )9= .‫ب‬ ِ D‫ْ ا‬3% ‫ب‬
ُ ِ َ!َ= .‫أ‬

:‫(ُ ه‬GGD8‫ أ*(ُ ا‬.4

.‫ ِة‬G‫ ا‬3
ُ ' ْ
َZd= ‫ف )ن ِذا‬
ُ ِ C= .‫أ‬
‫
ْ )ن‬Zd= ‫ ِة ِذا‬G‫ ا‬3
ُ ' ‫ف‬
ُ ِ C= \ .‫ب‬
‫ ِة‬G‫ ا‬3
ُ '‫
ْ )ن و‬Zd= ‫ف ذا‬
ُ C 3
ُ G .‫ت‬

. ...... ‫َ
ْ )ن‬t‫و‬D mَ َ= .5

159
 ‫ت‪D mَ َ!= ْ0 .‬وجْ أ َ&ًا‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ب‪ِ َ=D َ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً D % .‬ة‬

‫
)ن‪:‬‬
‫‪ُ  Wُ ََ1 \ .6‬‬
‫‪)ٍ َ!*ُ% K‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ 1َ , .‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪ٍ 2َ4 K‬‬
‫ب‪ٍ 1َ , .‬‬ ‫‪ K‬وا ٍ‪W‬‬
‫أ‪ٍ 1َ , .‬‬

‫ل ‪. .......‬‬
‫‪) Wَ % I‬ن آ
ْ ‪ِ tD  ُ=َ V‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا!*
ْ '‪ ُ3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة ِ!‪َ C‬‬
‫‪َ + .7‬‬
‫س ِ ‬
‫ت‪َ k \ .‬‬ ‫ب‪&Gَ% .‬و َد ًة‬ ‫أ‪ .‬واِ‪ً(َC‬‬

‫‪ 0ُ َ 26ُ1 .8‬و`ُ&و َرهُ‪ ٌْCَZ 0‬آَ‪.ٌ7:‬‬

‫أَ‪ُ )8‬د هُ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫ب أ ‪2‬م 'َ ِ‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ"ر ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ`&" ُء أ  ' ِ‬
‫ن `َ&‪ َ!َ1‬‬
‫‪mَ1 3‬ورو َ‬
‫ل ا‪َ 1U‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ُ t2‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة ور"(ً ‪$V‬ا َء إ‪)t -‬ارِه‪.‬‬

‫‪ُ َ' ْ
َGََ .9‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬ااد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إر=َ‪mَ َ9‬تْ‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إ!َ‪ْ
Da‬‬ ‫أ‪Z .‬هَ َ&تْ‬

‫‪ r‬ا*‪ ِ([G‬ا<ِ‪ ِ(َa‬ار=َ‪.ٌ(َVَ` ْ

َCَa‬‬
‫‪َ *ِ= , .10‬‬

‫‪160‬‬
 ‫أ‪ ُ(a28‬اُاد‪ ُ(,‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا&‪ِ("D‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اَ‪ِ(n‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪ِ(C1D/‬‬

‫
‪. َ)َ+‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا< ِم =َ!َ*َ‪ُ Da‬‬
‫‪ r‬ه َ َ‬
‫‪َ *ِ= .11‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُادف ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ُ Ca‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫ت‪p ِ8َ= .‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ب‪p ُ َ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ ُ[َ= .‬‬

‫ل ‪ً&D َt ٌ(a1َZ‬ا‪.‬‬
‫
'*  ا‪ُ t2‬‬
‫‪ .12‬أأ ُة ا! ‪ُ , !1‬‬
‫ي‪:‬‬
‫ه‪U‬ا ه) رأ ُ‬
‫ت‪) .‬ن‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫ب‪ِ ' .‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ ‪2‬م ' ِ‬

‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة 'َ*َ ‪.‬‬

‫‪&َ ََ, .13‬تْ ' ُ‬
‫أ‪َ = َ(*َ .‬آَ
ْ ِ‪ َ*a‬‬
‫ب‪َ = َ(*َ .‬آَ
ْ زَو‪ َt‬‬
‫ت‪َ = َ(*َ .‬آَ!ْ  `َ&‪)  ُ!1‬ن‬

‫ƒ ه)‪:‬‬
‫ن ‪َ1‬ى و‪ 0p ُHَ1‬و‪p ُGَ1‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪U‬ي آ َ‬
‫‪ .14‬أَ ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬أُ‪ ُ!V‬‬ ‫ب‪ ُ*aِِ .‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫أ‪ُ ' .‬‬

‫‪161‬‬
 ‫ف أو 'َ َ&‪.ِ@ِ%‬‬
‫ت ا‪ِ َ DH‬‬
‫‪) ...... ْ0َ .15‬ن َ‪ِ Dََ/ُِ  َ/a‬‬
‫ت‪ْAُِ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪ْoِ َ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪ْAَ6ْHَ= .‬‬

‫ف أو 'َ َ&‪: D. ،ِ@ِ%‬‬

‫ت ا‪ِ َ DH‬‬
‫‪) 29aُ= ْ0َ .16‬ن ُِ‪ِ Dََ/‬‬
‫ت‪ pِGُ= \ .‬‬ ‫ج إ ‬
‫ب‪ُ !Gَ= \ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ p/ُGَ= \ .‬‬

‫ق ا‪.‬و‪.ِo‬‬
‫‪ 3‬إ‪ -‬ا‪ِ H‬‬
‫‪ُ &َ' 7‬د اُ‪َ 1,/‬‬
‫‪ُ '$!1 .17‬‬
‫‪:A‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Ca‬‬
‫
‬
‫ت‪ُ َ, !َ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ْmَ1 .‬دا ُد‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪p َِ1 .‬‬

‫‪ 7‬آ*(ِ "‪َ ' "ٌ&َ/َt‬د ًة‪.‬‬

‫‪ .18‬أ‪ ُ(*9‬اُ(ُ ِ َ)`ْ ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬هدىءٌ‬ ‫ب‪ٌ
ِ j .‬‬ ‫أ‪)Hَ% .‬قٌ‬

‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة =َْي ‪. ِ!َ'ُ -8ْ"k‬‬

‫‪&َ .19‬أتْ ' ُ‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ َ‬
‫ت‪ٍ(َ&ِ َ!Cُ% ٍ(َ'ُ/ِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ِ(L, ٍ(َ'ُ/ِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٍ &1&َZ ٍ(َ'ُ/ِ .‬ة‬

‫ب ُأ‪. 2%‬‬
‫€ ِ‪ِ ):‬‬
‫‪ .20‬آ
ْ ا‪ُ DَHَ!َ= ُ(*a2‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Ca‬‬

‫‪162‬‬
 ‫ƒ‬
‫ت‪ُ ُ,َ= .‬‬ ‫€‬
‫ب‪ُ َ *َ= .‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫أ‪ُ ِ/ُ= .‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ )<p8‬ر‪.‬‬
‫ل ‪Uُ1‬آ‪  ِ*aِ ....... ُ 2‬ا‪U‬ي =آ!ْ@ُ َ َ‬
‫‪ .21‬أ‪ ُ [D‬إ‪ -‬ا‪ِ a.‬‬
‫ت‪ُ .‬أ‪ D%‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة‬
‫ب‪َ ' .‬‬ ‫أ‪) .‬ن‬

‫‪ 7‬واَ ِ&‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ &D Z ْ3% ْ
َََ ْ&ََ .22‬ة ا‪ِ 1mD‬‬
‫‪ E‬أنْ َُ*  إ‪:-‬‬
‫إذنْ ‪ُ 1‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬اُ‪-aH!/‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا< ِم‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪)].‬ا ِر‬

‫ض‪.‬‬
‫‪ .23‬رأ‪ ً GََZ 1‬آ‪ Dk‬ا‪ ُ@' ْ
DَH‬ا‪.‬ر ُ‬
‫‪:َ َ َl B‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ DH‬‬
‫‪r‬أ‪D‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪ً kَْ, .‬ة‬ ‫ب‪ً2Vk!ُ% .‬ا‬ ‫أ‪ً29ُ% .‬ا‬

‫‪ .24‬آَ‪ ْ
Da‬ا‪ ْ3' ُ(َ*aD‬اُ‪ِ 9‬ء‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Ca‬‬
‫ت‪ْ
َaD")َ َ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪َ َ َ" .‬تْ‬ ‫أ‪ْ
َGَ!َ, .‬‬

‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ن ا !‪ُ ْ&" ً(َ%/‬و‪  َ ْ
َ 2t‬ه ‪DU‬ا ِ‬
‫‪&ُ Gَ1 ْ0َ .25‬ثْ أ ‪D‬‬
‫أ‪َ )8‬د ُة هُ ه‪:‬‬

‫‪163‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ G‬ة ُ‪ ُ/a‬‬
‫ت‪ُ َ' .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أُ‪ ُ!V‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ َG‬ة‬
‫أ‪ُ .‬أ ‪p‬م 'َ ِ‬

‫‪164‬‬
Reading Exercise ‫اءة‬%‫ ا‬/017
Read the following sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to them. Give the
tape to your teacher to check your performance. Once you are done with that please
translate them.

:(1m*9.‫(ِ ا‬6*‫ ا‬-‫* إ‬1 % tَ= / ْ0tَ=

.‫َ ِة‬G‫ع ا‬
ُ !َ% )‫  ه‬1‫ رأ‬, ‫ف‬
ُ DH‫ ا‬.1
.‫ت‬
ِ )َ‫ْ ا‬3% &p َZ‫ب أ‬
َ ‫]!ِا‬R‫ن ا‬
D‫لإ‬
َ " ْ3َ% .2
.‫ َ ٍة‬8َ" ‫) ٍة‬aَ] ,  َ' K
َ ِ*6ُ= ْ‫
ْ أن‬Dََ= ْ0ِ‫ آ‬.3
.ً +‫[َ ِ إ@ِ أ‬D‫ ا‬, ‫ق‬
ُ ِ 6!/ِ= ‫ ِذا‬0ُ َ aَ َ!َ .4
.‫')ر ًة‬Uَ%  ِ%)َ ْ3% ْ
َ[ََ!‫ \ =َ&ري ِذا ا‬.5
.7
ِ :َ9‫ ِم ا‬dD[‫ ا‬, ً GََZ ْ‫هَ َ&ت‬Z  D‫' أ‬D&َ= .6
. ِ‫ ذِه‬-‫ت إ‬
ُ 1‫آ‬2U‫) ُد ا‬Cَ=

ُ D8‫ ُم وا‬dD[‫) ُد ا‬/َ1 3

َ + .7
.
ِ Cَ‫ل ا‬
َ )َ+ 0ُ ُ$Cَ ‫ل‬
ُ DُC‫ ا‬Wُ Dََ!َ1 ِ ِ‫ح اآ‬
ِ D8‫ ا‬, .8
.‫ب‬
ِ  pU‫ن آ‬
َ ‫و‬j9!َ1‫ن و‬
َ )a'$!َ1 3
َ  ‫ره‬.‫ن ا‬
D ‫(ُ إ‬,G28‫ل ا‬
ُ )= .9
.‫ت‬
ِ Dََ/ُ‫ ِ ا‬Uِ ِ َ/ُa‫ أ‬A
َ َ6Hَِ ٌ(t+ ‫ك‬
َ ‫َ
ْ ه‬/َ َ}
2 َG‫ ا‬3
ِ /ُGِ .10

165
‫‪Unit # 8‬‬ ‫أة ر)‪(8‬‬
‫ب ا‪ِ(+D/‬‬
‫  ُ‬

‫‪ُl A‬و‪ 0ِ ِ,‬ا<`‪ِ(D‬‬ ‫س ‪)ِ%1 ٍ َHَ ْ3%‬نَ‪ُ ،‬ر ‪ِ ْ$َaِ D‬‬‫‪ٍ D/+ 7‬‬ ‫‪/ُ+) َ!َ1‬م( إ‪ٍ ْِ` -‬‬
‫ف ا‪2 C‬م‪  DUCُ% ْ3% ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0َ .‬ا‪ِ .‬ز"‪ ِ(D‬أو‬‫ث =َ‪ , ٍ 6‬ا[‪ِ D‬‬ ‫ن 'َ‪ ْ3‬إ‪&+‬ا ِ‬ ‫‪&D ِt‬اً‪ ،‬أ‪ْ/َ% 0ُ D‬و) َ‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ , ً 2)َ !ُ% A‬آُ ‪2‬‬‫‪َ 3‬ر‪َ& ٍAُt‬أ ‪ ً 2)َ !ُ% ُ@َ=+‬و‪D َl‬‬
‫ت و‪َُ,‬ا ِء اعِ‪ ْAَ ،‬إ َ‬
‫ن اُ<‪ِ D‬‬ ‫ُ‪ِ D9‬‬
‫‪ E‬و‪ِ(2)َ!ُ%‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ِ(2)َ!ُ% ٍ(*L' ْ3%‬ا‪ ِ(2)َ!ُ% ،-ِ6‬ا‪ ِ(2)َ!ُ% ،ِ0*ِC‬ا‪ِ َ/D‬‬ ‫‪ٍ َZ‬ء‪ .‬آ َ‬
‫
وا‪)C/‬د‪ِ(D1‬‬ ‫‪ , 3‬ا‪ِ 1)9‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬أ'‪ َ َ] ُ@َ%‬ا)َ‪ ،َ32‬اُ‪َ  َ!6‬‬ ‫ا)َ‪t‬هَ(ِ‪D ِ9َ .‬‬
‫ك‪.‬‬
‫ن 'َ‪َ D‬ورِ‪ ْ3% ُ )j‬أ‪ٍ dْ%‬‬
‫وأ أ‪ْj‬وا إ‪j‬ا ًء ‪َ )46َ!َ1 0ُ َ*َCt Dِ% ً َ/َ+‬‬
‫ب ا‪،"ِ(+D/‬‬
‫ب "  ِ‬
‫ل ‪َ ,‬وَ‪ ِo‬اَ&‪َ ُ" ِ(َ1‬‬ ‫ك ِ)ى َ‪ ِ(D‬دا ٍر هَ&‪  َ%‬ا‪mDm‬ا ُ‬
‫َ‪ ْ3ُ9َ= ْ0‬ا‪ُ d%.‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ف وزَ‪ِ +‬‬‫‪ A‬ا[‪ِ D‬‬ ‫ف "َ‪ .ٍ(َ1َ" ٍ(َ1‬و َ‪ِ $َa‬‬
‫ن '*‪ِ aِ+ -‬‬ ‫
وآَ ِم ز‪ٍ )!1‬‬‫و‪ِ َ8ْCِ%‬ة زَ‪ٍ 1‬‬
‫‪166‬‬
 ‫ت ا‪ُ َ9‬م ا‪U‬ي ا‪!Z‬ا ُ اَ ‪D1&َ%" Wِ $ِِ &p‬ت" ‪َj‬و ًة ‪ ،ً(َ*L‬رَ] َ‪2&ََُ= 0‬ه‬ ‫اَ&‪َ  ،ِ(1‬‬
‫ن ا‪2H‬اءَ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ن و‪َ )  َ1‬‬‫س ‪َ ),<َ1‬‬ ‫ض '*‪ -‬ا)اِ ِ& أ\‪ ،َWَ1 D‬وا‪ُ D‬‬
‫ا‪ Wُ 4)َ, .*Cِa‬اَ*َ ِ& ‪ُ ِ aَ1‬‬
‫‪ْ3% 7‬‬‫
أو `َ Š‬ ‫ك ِِ ِء َ ٍ‬
‫‪ A‬إذا ‪ %‬ا‪َ!Z‬وا ‪ dَ,‬أآ‪ ٍ(َCِ" ْ3% َ :‬هُ أو هُ َ‬ ‫'*‪ -‬ا‪2 َ".‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬‫ا&‪D‬آآ ِ‬
‫ع ا‪2 C‬م‬ ‫‪ -*' 3‬ا‪DH‬ر ِ‬ ‫‪) E‬أ ) 'َ‪Dm‬ام( ‪ِ َ!َCِ" Wِ َ ْ3ِ%‬‬ ‫ج وَ‪ (@t‬وه) اُ*َ‪ُ D‬‬ ‫‪) 3‬ا‪p G‬‬ ‫&ْ =َ‪َ D9‬‬
‫‪k +)= ً(َ<4 (d‬آ‪ُ &ِ َ1 Dِ% َ َ:‬ر 'َ*َ@ِ‪.‬‬ ‫€ َ‪D ,) -‬‬ ‫ض ِَ‪ُ َ+ ِ@ِ/a‬‬
‫وا‪ "ِ َ}a!+‬ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫ل ‪,‬‬ ‫ق اِ!و ِ‬ ‫‪ 0ِ *ُGِ u‬ا‪ ِ6‬وا)َ‪t‬هَ(ِ ا‪U‬ي ََ َ '*‪ -‬أ"اِ@ِ ‪ Uُ ُ%‬ا‪ِ :‬‬ ‫َ‪ ُ@Dِ9‬و"&ْ ا‪َ َ!%‬‬
‫‪ K‬ا)َ‪t‬هَ(َ‪mَ, .‬و‪ ُ@ُ!َt‬إ َ(ُ '‪ٍ(َ)8َ% ٍ(َ*L‬‬ ‫ƒ َا‪p ِGَ!/َ1 ُ@D‬‬
‫‪p ِGَ1 B‬‬
‫ ِ‪ٍ d‬د َ‪ٍ &َ C‬ة َ‪ ،ْ0ُ َ ْ
َ/‬أ`َ َ‬
‫ن '*‪-‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ،ًCَ ِ(َ*ُC‬وأ ؤ ُ ‪َ )*ُِ%‬‬ ‫ن ‪َ )َC*َ1‬‬
‫ن و‪H!/ُ%‬رو َ‬ ‫وإ‪ ُ@ُ=)V‬أِ‪D‬ءٌ و‪َ )aDl)َ َ%‬‬
‫ت‬
‫‪ K‬ا! ‪  DَZ‬إ‪ . ِ/aَ ِ(a *D ُ@ُ=)V‬أ‪ ْ3%  aَ, ُ@ُ!D*, D%‬ا‪ &ِ %‬ا‪ ِ َ+.‬و‪ِ ,ُُZ‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ 1D‬‬
‫ج ‪ ُ(*, ُ@َ' mُ َC= %‬أ]‪ ٍ(D8<َZ -‬وأ'*‪ -‬رَ` ٍ&‪.‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ tpm‬‬
‫ن أُ‪ْ3ِ% ُ@َ!V‬‬
‫لأ‪D‬‬‫ن‪ :‬أ‪D .‬و ُ‬‫\ أ‪%‬ا ِ‬ ‫تإ ‪D‬‬ ‫ج و‪ @t‬و‪ٍ 826َُ% ْ3ِ% ِ ِ4+‬‬ ‫َ‪ 4% , ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0‬ا‪2 G‬‬
‫ن ا ُ@ُ ‪/ُ+‬م‬‫ب ا‪ .ِ(+D/‬وا‪ D:‬أ ‪D‬‬ ‫ب  ِ‬‫ق ‪َ ُ" ٍ َ,‬‬
‫‪ , 3‬زُ" ٍ‬ ‫‪ A‬دا‪ ً(َ1‬و=‪ُ ُ9/‬‬ ‫أ @ِ )زآ‪ُ Cَ= ((D‬‬
‫š‬
‫ح أآ ٍ&‪, .‬ذا ‪ُ ُَ1‬‬‫‪ٍ 9,k u‬ر هَ)‪َ t‬ء َ ‪&َ َ9D‬تْ '*‪ -‬اَ ِ‪ W‬وأ'"َ
ْ ‪ٍ َ )َ Gَ ُ@َ=َ /َ%‬‬ ‫ا‪َ !%‬‬
‫ش و‪) َ1‬ى‬ ‫‪ E‬ا‪َ 2‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أ @ِ؟ َوَ&ٌ ‪)Gَ% ،ٌAَt ،ٌB8َ,‬بٌ‪p ِGُ1 ،‬‬ ‫‪َ D ُ" B‬ة 'َ ِ‬
‫ه‪U‬ا ا)َ َ& ُ‪َ 8‬‬
‫‪ r‬إ‪ُ@D‬‬
‫
‪2 DH*ِ )'&َ1 \ ,‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا‪).‬ا ِر وأ‪ُ ِ:ُ1 ً +‬‬ ‫ا‪ُ 1َ] ُ@Dِ9َ ،َEُ!ُ9‬‬
‫ƒ‬
‫‪َ 9َ' A‬‬ ‫ل َ@ُ أ ) ُ "إ'َ‪ ْA‬آَ‪U‬ا!" ‪ُ َCَ1‬‬‫ƒ! ‪,‬ذا " َ‬‫‪ )َ , .A‬أ َ&ًا ‪ ,‬ا‪ ِ 2=.‬اُ‪C‬آِ ِ‬ ‫ل ا‪ِ َْC‬‬
‫‪ُ )!aَ%‬‬
‫—‪.‬‬
‫س ا‪ َ(َaَ/*َa‬وا!‪D‬ر‪َ 1‬‬ ‫‪َ &َ َ, "!E‬ر َ‬‫ل َ@ُ "ُأدْ ُرسْ ا َ َ&َ(َ أو ا‪D 2‬‬
‫ل ا<َ‪َ " .2o‬‬
‫"آَ‪U‬ا" '*‪ِ ) -‬‬
‫س هُ ‪ ِ(َCَ%t ,‬اَ*َ ِ&‪.‬‬‫ج ‪َ &َ َ, "!ٌ(َ")%َ%‬ر َ‬‫ت ا< ِر ِ‬‫ج‪ َZ .‬دا ُ‬ ‫ل َ@ُ " ُأدْ ُرسْ ‪ ,‬ا< ِر ِ‬
‫" َ‬
‫ل َ@ُ‪:‬‬
‫ل ‪D َ%‬ةٍ‪َ " ،‬‬
‫و َ‪ &َ C‬ا'!ِِ@ِ أ ‪D‬و َ‬
‫ض‬
‫‪&ِ' r‬ي أنْ أ  َ‪ َ(َC" W‬أر ٍ‬
‫ج! إذهَ‪ ْE‬إ‪ -‬أ‪ 91%‬أو &َن وَ َ‬‫‪ -‬إذْهَ‪ ْE‬إ‪ -‬ا<ر ِ‬
‫ج‪.‬‬
‫‪ , r‬ا< ِر ِ‬
‫وأُ‪َ ِ /Gِ  ُ)2 +‬‬
‫ل ‪/ُ+‬م‪:‬‬
‫" َ‬

‫‪167‬‬
 ‫ل ‪ ِ!D8َ+‬‬
‫‪ r‬زآ‪َ &َ َ َ(D‬‬
‫ب ا‪ ،DKَG‬أو ‪ ْ3ِ%‬ا‪)2 َ' ،ِ3َ/+.‬ضْ أ‪َ َ!V‬‬
‫‪ ،%'.  ْ)2 َ+ -‬أ`ْ‪ِ G‬‬
‫ف‪.‬‬
‫ا‪k‬آ)َ(ِ‪ ،‬آَ =َ‪ُ ِ C‬‬
‫آ َد ا)اِ ُ& َ*َ!َ  أنْ "‪ "َoِ*َ1‬إذْ \ ‪ a9َ1‬أ‪َ ُ@D‬ذآ‪ُHِ ُ َ D‬آ‪ , ِ@ِL‬ا‪.‬رضِ‪َ ْAَ ،‬ذآ‪ُ َ D‬‬
‫ل‬
‫‪َ " 3‬‬
‫ن زآ‪ َ(D‬إ‪%‬أةٌ أ`*َ(ٌ‪ ،‬إذْ أ‪َ +  D‬‬‫لأ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ُ ُ1 K‬‬‫‪ .3‬وا‪D َG‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪َ 2/‬‬
‫‪َ *ِ= A‬‬
‫ ِ‪ ِ(D8ِG‬زَآ‪ &َ Cَ َ(D‬آُ ‪2‬‬
‫‪/ُ+‬م ‪:ً +َِ!ُ%‬‬
‫‪!r‬‬
‫‪ -‬إذه إ‪ -‬اَ‪ ِ(َ9G‬واْ*ُ ‪ِ َ!D8َ+‬‬
‫ف‪:‬‬
‫"َ
ْ ِ‪ٍ aC‬‬
‫
أ‪V‬ه!‬
‫‪ ٌEَ' -‬أنْ =*‪ َ}ُa‬ه‪U‬ا ا‪d9‬م‪ 1 ،‬إ ! 'َ‪ ٌE‬أنْ =ُ`ِ َ ا‪ُ V.‬‬
‫ب‪:‬‬
‫‪/+ k َk‬م !‪6‬ا ٍ‬
‫‪ُِ`ُ= -‬؟ ‪ُِ`ُ= -C% %‬؟‬
‫'ََ َ‪m‬تْ ا‪ ْ3' ُ(DَC‬ا)ابِ‪َ C, ،‬دتْ =ُ‪ُ 2 9‬ر‪:‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ )pH‬م!‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ )pH‬م! ‪َ َ' 1‬‬
‫‪َ َ' 1 -‬‬
‫ب َِ*َ(ٍ‬
‫‪ 3‬ه‪U‬ا َ‪ ْWََ1 ْ0‬أ‪V‬ه أ  'َ‪Dm‬ام ‪ ْ3%‬أنْ ‪َ 8ُ1‬‬ ‫š"‪D ِ9َ .‬‬‫آ
ْ ا‪َ ِ`ُ=" C= ُ(DَC‬‬
‫ش ِ‪ َ(َC$‬أ‪ٍ D1‬م َ‪k1 ْ0‬آُ‪ َdِV ْA‬‬
‫ك‪ .‬أ َ‪ ُ@ْ!َ%m‬اَ*َْ(ُ ا‪ِa‬ا َ‬
‫‪Uَ+ E‬ا َ‬ ‫‪  82<َHُ1 ْ0َ ٍ(َaaَV‬ا‪ُ D‬‬
‫‪.E‬‬
‫ل وا‪َ *َG‬‬ ‫\ ا‪)pH‬ر َ(َ و'َ‪ َ 8‬اُ= ِ‬ ‫أ‪D‬‬
‫ض ود‪ُ )91‬ر‬ ‫‪ُ Vَُ, .7‬م ا‪.‬ر ِ‬ ‫ن أ ) '‪Dm‬ام َ<‪ ًd‬رَ] َ‪ 0‬أنْ ‪ ُ Hَ= ُ@َ!*,‬إ‪ -‬أ‪&َ% ُ@D‬و ُد ا‪2 َ9‬‬ ‫آ َ‬
‫
‬
‫ض اَ ِ‬‫‪َ!Hَ1 3‬ي أ]ا َ‬ ‫ق اُ&رانِ‪َ )َ!/ُ% ٌ7َGُ= ،‬ر َدةٌ ‪ ْ3%‬رو‪َ + ُ@Dِ9َ .%‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬و َو َر ُ‬
‫ا‪ِ D/‬‬
‫ن ‪ً V)َ%‬‬ ‫ن ‪ُ 91‬د ‪ُ )91‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪ ،‬واذ ُ‬ ‫ق‪ُ <, .‬ر ‪ُ :%‬‬ ‫‪ 2َُ1‬أ)َأ ‪ , %‬ا‪ِ )p/‬‬
‫ن‬
‫„‪ .‬أ‪ %‬اِ‪ ُ(َ9/‬أ ‪p‬م '‪Dm‬ام ‪ُ 9= d,‬د =َ) ُ‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ َa.‬‬ ‫‪ُ :% A‬‬ ‫ع وا‪ُ ِa‬‬ ‫‪ A‬اَ ِ‬ ‫وا‪Uِ ُ% )9‬رٌ ‪ُ :%‬‬
‫\‬
‫‪ A‬إ‪ -‬ا ‪&D‬و‪D‬ا ِر وأ ‪D‬‬‫\ =َ‪َ َ8‬‬ ‫ق ‪ ً jdَj‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ِ dDِ  *َ' 7‬‬ ‫ف أ‪َ َ*َ+ ْ&" ُ@D‬‬‫'*‪ٍ َZ -‬ء‪ ْ3َ, .‬اَ‪C‬و ِ‬
‫ب\‬ ‫ج ‪)َt‬ا ِر َ‬ ‫‪ِZ , E‬ا ِء زَو ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ]َ= 3‬‬‫ق واَ* َ& ِة ا&‪ .ِ(1‬و'*@ِ ‪َ +  D,‬‬ ‫=َ‪ , H‬ا‪ِ )p/‬‬
‫ق َ‪،ً(َ[ْG‬‬ ‫س و‪َ%‬ا َ‪َ /َ' 0‬ةٍ‪ ،‬أ ‪D‬وُ  أنْ =َ!َ[ِ ُ ‪mِ%‬ا‪ ُ@َt‬اُ‪ َ D9َC‬أنْ ‪َ1‬و َ‬ ‫ ُ ‪ &D‬أنْ =َُ ‪ٍ )ُِ D‬‬
‫ع ‪ُ 9َ1‬د ‪ &D َ+ £ُ ُ*َ1‬ا&‪ِ 'p‬ء‪.‬‬
‫ل ِ<ُ‪ٍ )H‬‬ ‫‪ُ )َ= 0D ُj‬‬
‫‪168‬‬
 ‫ب‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪)َt‬ا ِر َ‬
‫‪ -‬أ ) 'َ‪Dm‬ام‪ ،‬أ‰ْ ‪ ْr2*َ<1‬زَو َ‬
‫‪:ًََ' 7‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ! ََ,‬‬
‫‪)َt A‬ا ِر ِ‪ِr‬؟‬
‫‪ 3‬را‪ ْ
َ+‬آُ ‪p‬‬
‫ب! أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ج ‪)َt‬ا ِر َ‬
‫‪ -‬زَو َ‬
‫ل ا‪ِ َ D/‬ة و‪!َ1‬هَ*ُ  ه)‬ ‫ب ‪ ْ3%‬وَ‪ ِ@ِ t‬و=َ!َ‪َ ) ُ ZG‬‬ ‫‪ُ&َ1 0D ُj‬أ ‪ ،ًd1)َ ً Gَ=  C%‬و=َ َ ُ‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ن ا* ُ‬ ‫‪ r‬ا**َ(َ‪ .‬وأ‪ ً +‬إذا آ َ‬ ‫‪ K‬ا‪d9‬مِ‪ ،‬و\ ‪ُ 1‬م ‪َ *ِ=  َCَ%‬‬ ‫‪ِ ُْ ْ3' 7‬‬ ‫ ِ&و ِرِ‪ ،‬و‪ُ D")َ َ!َ1‬‬
‫‪2 . A‬م‬ ‫‪ .3‬و‪ُ D<ُ1‬‬ ‫ص آًا و‪ ً %)1 ،ً+)!aَ%‬و‪ً Z ،ِ3َ%)1‬ا و‪ِ 1 َZ‬‬ ‫ن ا‪ُ 8‬‬ ‫آاً‪ُ )91 ،‬‬
‫ج 'َ*َ ‪ .‬و'َ!َ ‬ ‫ن ا ‪ &p ِCُ1 َAُtD‬ا‪َ &D ُC‬ة َُِ*‪  َD‬أو ‪D mَ!َ1‬و َ‬ ‫ن أ‪&Cَ%  %D1‬وداتٌ وأ ‪D‬‬ ‫'‪Dm‬ام أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ُ َ= 3‬م‪ .‬و=‪ ُ 8‬آ‪ِ(َ*9‬‬ ‫\ ‪َ +‬‬
‫ƒإ ‪D‬‬ ‫ح و=َ ُء و\ =َ*ِ ُ‬ ‫ك =َو ُ‬ ‫‪ B‬اِ‪ ُ(9/‬آِ‪ِ )َ 9‬‬ ‫=ُ‪ُ ِ8‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه‪U‬ا‬ ‫‪)+ A‬ا‪ -D!+ ِ@ِL‬ا‪ً&D ِt ِ(D8<H‬ا‪ .‬و ‪ &َ C‬آُ ‪D‬‬ ‫ا َ ِ‪ ِ(َ%‬و=َ!َ‪ ُ@ُC‬إ‪ -‬ا‪ِ DَG‬م و=َ) ُم ِ‪2 ُ9‬‬
‫ح ا‪&ِ 1&DH‬‬ ‫ƒ ‪ِ َ a‬‬‫ب ‪p َGَ!َ,‬‬ ‫ج ‪)t‬ا ِر َ‬ ‫‪mِ  ُnَ1 3‬و ِ‬ ‫ع أو إ‪ِ َj‬‬ ‫‪ A‬و ‪ &َ C‬أُ) ٍ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫ل ‪p ِGَ1‬‬‫ا&‪ِ \D‬‬
‫ن‪.‬‬‫و=‪ُ 9‬د =‪ ْ3% 9‬ا‪ِ ِ!%R‬‬
‫ن ‪َ)َ!َ1‬هُ@ُ ‪/ُ+‬م‪.‬‬ ‫ن ‪ pEِGُ1‬أ ‪ ،ُ@َL‬أو ُر ‪ D‬ه‪U‬ا ‪ %‬آ َ‬ ‫ج و‪28ِ @t‬نِ‪ ،‬و‪ %‬آ َ‬ ‫‪ ُ ِVaُ1‬ا‪p G‬‬
‫ق ‪ً&Cَ ،ٍ0َ9Gُ%‬ا '‪ِ@1َ&َ1 ْ3‬‬ ‫‪&َ` ,  ُn2<ُ1 .E‬و ٍ‬ ‫‪ Wَ َِ" A‬ا ‪UD‬هَ ِ‬ ‫ن ‪ 0ُ ُCََ1‬آ ‪ Wُ ََ1‬ا< ُ‬ ‫آ َ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ن َ&َ‪َ َj ِ@1‬و=َ@ُ ا‪َ1 َ(َ")%‬آُ ُ‬‫‪p&ُCَ1 3‬ه‪ ْo, ِ@a9َ1 .‬أنْ ‪Uَ!َ1‬آ‪ َ D‬أ ‪D‬‬ ‫\ ‪َ +‬‬ ‫و'ََ@ِ و\ ‪  ُ/ِ*َ1‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ن أ ) ُ "&ْ َد‪ ُ@َ*D‬أو ‪+‬آ ُ َِ*ِ@ِ‪ .‬و‪ %‬آ َ‬
‫إَ  'ِ َ& ا‪$‬و َر ِة‪/ُG, .‬م \ ‪Uَ َ!َ1‬آ‪ ُ D‬إنْ آ َ‬
‫ن '*‪-‬‬ ‫ن أُ‪ .ُ@َCَ% ُ@ُ=)َ V‬آ)ا إذا ‪ َ َ$َ+‬وا ُ&هُ‪َ )paَ8َ1 0‬‬ ‫‪/ُ+‬م ‪ُ ِ َaَ1‬د ِ ‪U‬ا وَ‪ ْAَ ،ُ&َ +‬آ َ‬
‫
ا‪ُ9‬ى ‪ ،َُ6`., ُ 6`.,‬و‪/ُ+‬م َ‪ِ(1 ِ , ً C‬‬ ‫ج آَ‪ِ 68‬ر ا‪ ،َِ9/َC‬ا‪ُ V.‬‬ ‫ا ‪َ &D‬ر ِ‬
‫‪.7‬‬‫ا‪2 D8‬‬
‫ع إ‪ِ(َ,ُ] -‬‬‫‪/ُGِ ِ(َ/2 A‬م‪ُ  َ1 .‬‬‫ن اَدو ُد أ‪َ َt‬‬
‫ن اَ)"ِ‪ُ )91 ً Gَ" ُ7‬‬ ‫و ِ& ِر ‪ُ )91 %‬‬
‫‬
‫س و ِ‪d‬طٌ ` ‬ ‫ق ‪ ِ@ِ=&D َt‬ا‪َC‬و ِ‬‫ƒ اُ‪ُ D َ6‬ة و`َ&و ُ‬
‫‪ K‬وا‪)a‬ا ُ‬ ‫ث ا‪ُ !C‬‬ ‫€ ا‪ُ j.‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ+ B‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ D/‬‬
‫س ر"َ(ٍ =‪ُ &ُ 8‬ر '‪ْ3‬‬
‫س ‪t. Wُ َ!/ِ1 &ٍ َCَ%‬ا ٍ‬ ‫ك آَ‪G‬ر ِ‬ ‫ƒ هَ َ‬‫‪ِ ِ Uُ ُ% ٌL,‬ء ا&‪D‬ا ِر‪ُ ِ*َ1 .‬‬
‫س "َ&‪َ% , ُ@َD*َ' 0ٍ 1‬ى ا‪ ،ِ0/D‬و‪َُ1‬أ آُ!ًُ ا!َ‪C‬رَه ‪ْ3%‬‬
‫‪ٍ )aِ ٍ(DGُ "I‬‬ ‫"دد‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪.ٍ(َGaَ` A‬‬‫‪ ِ(!9َ%‬ا*َ&‪ ،ِ(D1‬و‪َ )` Wُ ِtَ!/1‬ر=َ  ‪ ,‬آُ ‪2‬‬

‫‪169‬‬
‫ل ‪ ،ِ@ِ&َ َ ,‬أو "ُ‪ ٌ(َْCَ` ْA‬آ  ‪ ٌ(DL‬أ‪ْ
َ*َCZ‬‬ ‫ƒ ِ‪mَm‬ا ٍ‬
‫ل ‪ٍ D َ%‬ة أ‪D َ+‬‬
‫‪ r‬اأ َة ‪D .‬و ِ‬‫‪ 3‬ا!َ‪َ *= -‬‬‫‪َ +‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ت  ٍر إ‪&D !%‬تْ وا&ا‪ , ْ
َ+‬رأِ@ِ‪ .‬و"َ‪ mَ َa‬ا&‪ Wُ %D‬إ‪&ِ ِ@ََ' -‬و ِ‬ ‫ هَ‪ِ D‬‬
‫‪ ِ@ِ*َ" ,‬ا‪2 َ6‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا&‪Dَ] Wَ %D‬شٌ ‪-taُ%‬ءٌ‪ .‬آ
ْ آَ َ ًة وه)‬ ‫ف‪D ِ9َ .‬‬
‫ك و\ أَ َ‪ 0‬و\ ‪َ )َV‬‬ ‫ن هُ َ‬ ‫‪2 َُ%‬رٍ‪َ mُ+ dَ, ،‬‬
‫ل أنْ ‪.َ ُ9َ1‬‬
‫‪+ r‬و َ‬‫ل  ً `َ‪ً6‬ا‪ .‬وِ ‪U‬ا و‪َ *ِ= Uُ ُ%‬‬ ‫ن ‪mَ1 %‬ا ُ‬ ‫`َ‪ ،ٌ6‬آ
ْ ‪ ً(2*Cُ%‬وآ َ‬
‫€ ا‪2/‬و وأ‪ُ Z‬ر‬ ‫ ا‪ ِ(!9َ% ِ(1&+ , ِ$V.‬اَ*&‪ُ + ِ(D1‬‬ ‫ƒ '*‪ -‬اَ‪ &ِ َC‬ا<‪2 H‬‬ ‫ن ‪ُ *َ1‬‬ ‫آ َ‬
‫ن ‪ًDa1V ً %)َ1‬‬ ‫ق‪ .‬آ َ‬ ‫‪ 7‬ا)َر ِ‬ ‫ش ا&‪p‬وري وا‪ ُ(َ"mَ "َm‬و‪ُ aَ+‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬أ'‪ِ H‬‬ ‫ش و‪ُ 1dَ%‬‬ ‫ا<ِ‪ِ <H‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ن اَ*‪ِ ,)a‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬ا‪Uِ<َa‬ا ِ‬
‫ع ‪ ،ٍِ,/ُ%‬وا‪َ َHَ9‬‬ ‫‪ %َ&ِ' B‬رتْ =َ‪َ )p‬ر=ُ  آَ‪ِH‬ا ٍ‬ ‫\ آَ‪ َ :‬ا‪ِ 12‬‬
‫‪ً )*َ%‬‬
‫‪ُ ُ<َ= B‬‬
‫ن ا َ‪)1ُU‬لَ‪ ،‬وا‪ُ 12‬‬ ‫ل ذِرا'ه ‪D&ُHَ1 ٍ(َ'ُ -8"k‬ا ِ‬ ‫ن ‪ %‬ه) أ'[ ُ‪َ mَ َ !0‬‬ ‫و  َ‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ ،ِVT‬و‪D َl‬‬ ‫‪ -*' 7‬ا‪ ،ِB1D‬ور‚ه ‪ ْ3%‬ا ِ‬ ‫ل َ‪p َ!*َ=  ِ/a‬‬‫€‪ .‬دا َرتْ ‪َ )+‬‬ ‫و=ُ‪ُ ِ C‬‬
‫ق اَضُ‪ 0D َj ،‬أ !َ‪.ْ
ََ/‬‬ ‫ق‪َ َ ََ,  ََ' ْ
َGَ!َ, .‬‬‫‪&Hَ%‬وه ً ‪ َ ِ],‬ا‪ .02 َa‬ورأ=ْ@ُ ‪ ُ ُ[َ1‬آَ‪ِ )C8‬‬
‫‪ A‬آِ@ِ ‪&َ!,‬ا َر ِ)‪ ،ِ@ِ t‬و‪ٍ َ /َGِ َ D9َ,‬ة‪.‬‬ ‫هَ ‪mD‬تْ `َ‪ ٌ(َC‬آ  ‪ ٌ(DL‬آُ ‪D‬‬
‫
آًَا ‪ %‬ا !َ‪.ْ
ََ/‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ذا ا !َ‪ْ
ََ/‬؟ َ) آُ ُ‬
‫‪ ًD%)َ1 E‬إ‪ -‬ا‪َُ1 ،ِ(ََ!9‬أ‬ ‫ق َ‪ 0َ ْC‬ا‪ p/‬دِ‪ ،‬و &َأ ‪  ُِ+dُ1‬آَ‪ِ )C/‬ر‪Uَ1 .‬ه ُ‬ ‫و‪  ِ%)َ1 ْ3%‬ذا َ‬
‫ن‬
‫‪ 3‬و‪ُ َ1‬م و‪َُ1‬أ و‪ p َُ= .ُ 29aُ1‬ا‪ُ 1.‬م و\ =َ‪kَ, ُ ُ$ْGَ= 0D َj ،ُُ$G‬ةً‪&ِ ،‬و ِ‬
‫و‪ 0ُ َ*Gَ1‬و‪ُ ُa8َ1‬‬
‫س 'ِ َ& ا[‪ .ِ p‬و‪ ْ3%  ُGَ*َ1‬ورا ِء‬ ‫ف اَ&ار ِ‬
‫ت =َ ُء ‪ &َ C‬اْ‪ِ8‬ا ِ‬ ‫ا![ ٍم‪ .‬و‪ 0ُ[C%‬اَ‪D‬ا ِ‬
‫ن و=ُه‬ ‫ق آ<‪m‬را ِ‬ ‫‪)ِ" .K‬ا‪  ُ%‬اَ‪ُ )H‬‬
‫ƒ ا‪ِ .‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ C‬وا*‪ِ 2‬‬ ‫ج =َ!ََ‪ِ Cَ9 mُ D‬‬
‫ا ‪ِ tmp‬‬
‫‪ &َ َ' 7‬ا‪9‬و!‬ ‫ا‪ ُ(َD$‬وا)اِ‪ ُ(C‬وِ!ا=ُ  ا‪ً [َ%  Cُ= ُ(Da8‬ا ر‪ ًD41‬أ ً‪ُ َِ= .‬‬
‫‪.E‬‬
‫ف ا‪ِ ُ!ُ9‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ر‪ِ ),‬‬ ‫‪ِ  d‬‬
‫‪ً 1)َ E‬‬
‫ق اِ‪d‬طِ و=َ‪ُ 6‬‬‫‪َ ), K‬‬ ‫‪ُ َُِ= Hِ= 0D j E‬‬ ‫ِ!ُ‪ &َ C‬ا‪ُ ُ!ُ9‬‬
‫ن ا&‪2‬راَ(ِ وا ُ‪ 0‬ا)ا ِ& وا‪.ِ(َ*LC‬‬ ‫š و‪ُ 9َ%‬‬
‫ƒ 'َ*َ ‪ .‬أ‪ 0ُ R‬وا!‪ُ p8َ<D‬‬ ‫ َ&َأ ‪/ُ+‬م ‪ُ D/ََ!َ1‬‬
‫س ا‪َ )*ُC‬م وا‪َ +.‬ء‪ْ
َtD َ<َ= .‬‬ ‫أ )ه َ‪D‬رٌ وإ‪ %  ُ=)َ V‬زا)ا `ِ‪6‬راً‪  , ،‬ا‪ُ9‬ى و=ُ َ& ‪2‬ر ُ‬
‫ت َ‪ &َ C‬أنْ َ
ْ ‪ .ً(َGِ%‬آَ
ْ ‪ ْ3ِ%‬ا‪ِ َ ْHَC‬ة ا‪َ.‬وا‪ َ, ،ِAِL‬‬
‫‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ ِ(َC%‬ا‪َ , ِ(D91%.‬و َ‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ب ا‪ِ D/‬ء! ‪َ*َ,‬أْ إ َذنْ آُ!ُ َ‬
‫‪ A‬و‪ .0ٍ َ,‬أ‪ ُ(C%‬ا‪ ُ(D91%.‬وا‪+.‬ءُ؟ ‪َ 1‬ر ‪D‬‬ ‫ت 'َ ٍ‬
‫إ َذنْ ذا ُ‬
‫ا‪ !0ِ َC‬و‪%‬ذا =َُأ ه؟ َأدَ ً‪ ً(َaَ/*َ, ،‬وَ(ً‪= ، ً%)*ُ' ،‬ر‪ ً<1‬وَ(ً‪ ،‬إ"!ِ‪8‬داً‪ًCِZ ،‬ا‬
‫ك وَ‪ ْWَ/‬و‪ ْIِ"ُ1‬و‪!ْƒDَ/َ!َ1‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ه‪U‬ا وذا َ‬‫وَ(ً وَ(ً وَ(ً‪َ*َ, .‬أْ إذنْ آُ ‪D‬‬

‫‪170‬‬
‫ف ا<َِ‪\)َ*َ, ،‬ه ‪%‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪ ِ@4% , ِ(/‬اَ‪!'R p ُِ1 ،ِ&C‬ا ِ‬ ‫ا‪T‬ن‪ ،‬وه) ‪U1‬آُ ُ أ` َ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫س و‪َ )َj‬ر ٍة‪َ + .‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪D‬سِ‪َ D َُ% ،‬د وا" ٍ‪ W‬و  ٍ‬‫ن =َ َ‪َ U‬و"َ  آَ‪2 ُ9‬‬
‫‪ K‬و‪َ 9‬‬ ‫ف ا‪U ِ َ(/‬ا ا‪ِ ُC‬‬ ‫' َ َ‬
‫ن "َ&ْ آَُ َ آَ‪ً:‬ا‪D َ% .‬تْ ِِ!ن أو أآ‪ ُ :‬وه) ‪,  Cِ !ُ1‬‬ ‫ل ‪ٍ D %‬ة آ َ‬
‫َِ َ‪  َ=)` W‬أ ‪D‬و َ‬
‫ن "&ْ ا‪َ !t‬ز ا!‪  t)D‬و"َ ‪َ &D‬م أورا"َ@ُ ِ*‪.ِ(َC%‬‬ ‫‪ E‬اُ‪َ C!/‬ر ِة وا‪ .ِ(َ!9‬آ َ‬ ‫ا‪ِ d+.‬م وا‪ِ ُ!ُ9‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬و‪ &ِ Cَ ْ3ِ%‬هَ‪ ِ U‬ا! (ِ إ‪َ َ/َ9‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ DH‬‬‫ي آَ‪2 ُ9‬‬‫‪ ٌ3ِ ،ً(َ,&ُ` A‬إدار ‬ ‫ك أُ'!ُِ َ‬
‫و‪U+‬ا َ‬
‫‪-*' 7‬‬ ‫‪ , 7‬ا‪ِ D8‬‬ ‫ف ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ ِ(َ*ُ  ,  ِ(َ*p/‬أ @ِ‪َ ' % .‬د ‪ُ ََ1‬‬ ‫ف‪َ ' % .‬د ‪ُ <َ1‬‬ ‫ا<َ) ُ‬
‫‪ ْ3% A‬ا‪ً َ َZُ% ِ [D‬ة ‪,‬‬ ‫‪َ /%" 3‬ء ا< ِ ‪َ ' % ."  1‬د ‪ُ َ<َ1‬‬ ‫ل ‪ٍ 1mَ+‬‬ ‫ل ِ ُ‪ٍ U‬‬
‫ج و‪ُ )َ1‬‬ ‫ا ‪َ &D‬ر َ‬
‫ك ‪َ ' %‬د ‪/ُ+‬م ‪ً Cِً!ُ%‬‬ ‫ن ا‪ .ٌ(َV َ َ[D‬وَأهَ ‪ ْ3% 0p‬ه‪U‬ا وذا َ‬ ‫ت‪َ ' % .‬د ‪ ُ ُCH1‬أ ‪D‬‬ ‫ن اَ ِ‬
‫'ُ) ِ‬
‫ت‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ َ1‬ء ‪ِ Gَaَ` ْ3%‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا‪d+.‬مِ‪ ،‬ه) ا‪p ُG‬‬ ‫ف وا‪p ُ+ ،ٍ&+‬‬ ‫‪ٍ َ َ ْ3ِ% E‬‬ ‫‪ .E‬أ‪p ُG‬‬ ‫ ِ ‪U‬ا ا‪2 ُG‬‬
‫ن‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا)ا' ه) `َ‪ُ D‬م ا‪ِ %.‬‬ ‫‪ E‬وا‪ ُ(]D‬اَ‪ , ُ(َ=)9‬ا‪'.‬قِ‪ ،‬وا‪ُ C‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ ُ!ُ9‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪ .A‬آَ‪َ ُ:‬تْ ز‪1‬را=ُ@ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ A‬و‪ُ D%k!َ1‬‬‫‪ A‬و‪ُ 2*َCُ1‬‬‫ن ‪َُ1 % 0ُ ُ aَ1‬أ َو‪ُ 2*َGُ1‬‬
‫ َ&َأتْ "اءا=ُ@ُ =ُ&ي‪ .‬أ‪َ T‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ ِ(َ!ِ/ِ A‬أ‪ 0D ُj ٍ ُ Z‬ا!‪ 0ُ [D‬ا‪ D:‬وا'!ُِ َ‬‫ل =َ[ ٍ‪ 0D ُj 0‬أُ'!ُِ َ‬
‫ن ا!‪ِ p‬ر‪ .‬إ!َ‪D . -‬و ِ‬
‫ا‪ ِ(+D/‬و‪ِ V‬‬
‫ب وا‪R‬هَ(ِ '*‪&ِ َ1 -‬‬ ‫‪ E‬وا‪.‬ره ِ‬ ‫‪  , -"\ 7‬ه‪ U‬ا ‪َ D‬ة ا‪ ْ3% &َ 1m‬ا!‪ِ 1UCD‬‬ ‫ِ‪ ٍ(ََ/‬وِ‪ٍ 8‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪0ُ % َ(َ6‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬و‪ُ  َ1‬ر و‪ ،9َ1‬آ را"َ َ‬ ‫ ‪ ْ3%‬ر‪ُ C$َ1 ِ@ِ",‬‬ ‫ت‪Z .‬ه َ& اَ‪َ C‬‬ ‫ا‪ِ ُ*p/‬‬
‫ف ‪%‬ذا ‪،ُ&1ُ1‬‬ ‫‪ A‬و"َ&ْ أ‪)' &D َ!Z‬دًا ‪ 0ُ aَ1‬و‪ُ ِ Cَ1‬‬ ‫ج َ‪َ&C‬ه ‪ُ /ُ+‬م ‪ 3%‬اُ‪ِ ََ!C‬‬ ‫=‪m‬دا ُد `َ‪َ َV .ً( d‬‬
‫ف‪.‬‬
‫و‪َ &ُ 1ُ1‬أ َ&ًا أنْ ‪َ ِ Cَ1‬‬
‫‪ُ@ُ/aَ K‬‬
‫س ا‪ُ .‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪' Wِ  D‬د ًة‪ .‬أ* ُ‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ1‬م ‪ِ 8َ, ,‬‬ ‫ض ا‪ِ ُ!ُ9‬‬
‫ت ‪ٍ )َ1‬م ‪ِ ِ Cَ% ,‬‬ ‫ر‚ه ذا َ‬
‫‪% .‬‬
‫ل َر"ََ!ِ  ِ*‪ ٌ(*ِ/‬رَ"(ٌ ‪ ٌE*َ`  ُD)َ !1‬ذَه ‬ ‫ف و‪َ )َ+‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا‪ C‬واَ ‪ &p‬اَ*‪ُ )a‬‬ ‫وا‪ُ Cَ9‬‬
‫€‬
‫ب ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪D‬و(ِ ‪ُ َ+‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إ"!َ َ َ‬
‫‪&ُ ِ K‬و ٍء ‪ٍ )Hَ%‬‬‫‪ُ ِa<َ1 E‬‬ ‫زاَ
ْ ه‪ ِ U‬اَأ ُة ‪U1Uَ ً*ُ+‬اً‪ُ *َ, ،‬‬
‫ل ِ!َ‪:&Š َG‬‬
‫‪ E‬آِ! ً ‪ً&1&َt‬ا‪َ " .‬‬
‫‪ ٍ(َِ:ِ 7‬وه =َُ*‪ُ 2‬‬
‫=َِ ُ‬
‫‪!r‬‬
‫‪ r‬و\ أ'ْ ِ‪ِ ُ,‬‬
‫ت أو أَآ‪ ُ َ:‬وأ أ'ْ ِ‪ِ ُ,‬‬
‫
ََ)ا ٍ‬
‫ي َ*َ ٍ& هَ‪p ِ !ِU‬‬
‫‪-‬أ ‪p‬‬
‫ل ‪ ! ِ%‬إ!ََ
ْ‬
‫ت َ)‪ ،ًd1‬أ َ) َ‬
‫ن "&ْ  َ‬
‫إ!َ‪ ٍ(َ'ُ/ِ ْ
َ!َa‬وا‪D ُْ4‬تْ إ‪ -‬أنْ =َ‪ . ََ' Wَ َ,‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪:‬‬‫ل ِ ُ&و ٍء ‪ٍ )")َ%‬‬
‫'َه ِ‪َ " .ِ@ََC‬‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬آَُ ُ‬

‫‪171‬‬
 ‫هَ ‪mD‬تْ رأَ  وا !َ‪:0ٍ َaِ ْ
ََ/‬‬
‫‪ -‬وا‪ ،ْBِ4‬وا‪.ْBِ4‬‬

‫َ‪ ) ،(a*V َG‬ب ا‪َ8!ِ ((+/‬ف‪ ،‬دار ا‪T‬داب‪ ،‬وت‪ :‬ا‪ (C‬ا‪R‬و‪،1990 ،-‬‬
‫ص ‪.56-48‬‬

‫أٌ ل ا‪:‬‬

‫أ‪ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أ‪ ْ $%‬ا‪ ِ #‬ا"!‪:‬‬
‫ق ا‪ِC‬رِ؟‬
‫‪ -*' B‬أ‪dْ%‬ك '‪/ُ+ ِ(*L‬م *‪ِ ) , ٌE‬‬
‫‪ 7‬أ`َ َ‬
‫‪ .1‬آَ َ‬
‫‪ K‬ا)‪t‬ه(َ؟‬
‫ج وَ‪p ِGَ!/َ1 ُ@Dk @t‬‬
‫‪ِ .2‬ذا ‪ َ َCZ‬ا‪p G‬‬
‫ج وَ‪.@t‬‬
‫ن ‪ِ َ+ ,‬ة ا‪2 G‬‬
‫ن ا‪ِ !َ/LD‬‬
‫‪ % .3‬هُ اُ‪ِ !*ِ9H‬‬
‫‪/ُ+ ُ(Dَ' 3‬م؟‬
‫‪ُ ُ9/ِ= 3‬‬
‫‪ .4‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫س ‪/ُ+ َ!َ1‬م؟‬
‫‪ ْ3% 7‬ا‪ِ D‬‬
‫ي `ِ ٍ‬
‫‪ .5‬إ‪ -‬أ ‪2‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أ'‪ُ@ُ%‬؟‬
‫‪ُ ُ9/َِ1 3‬‬
‫‪ .6‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ك '‪/ُ+ ِ(*L‬م؟‬
‫ن أ‪ُ dْ%‬‬
‫‪ُ )D 9!َ= 0D ِ% .7‬‬
‫ك أ`ْ‪ًd‬؟‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪َ dْ%.‬‬
‫‪ ْ3َ% .8‬ا‪U‬ي ا‪َ!Z‬ى =ِ* َ‬
‫ج و‪ ْ3% @t‬ا‪.‬رضِ؟‬
‫ع ا‪p G‬‬
‫‪ .9‬آَ‪َ  0‬‬
‫‪ِ@َ*َ' A‬؟‬
‫ل ا‪U‬ي ‪َ َ8َ+‬‬
‫‪ِ  A‬‬
‫‪% .10‬ذا ‪َ َCَ,‬‬
‫‪ % .11‬ه ‪/ُ+ ُ(*ِ9Hُ%‬م ا‪ , ،ِ(D/LD‬رأي واِ ِ&ِ؟‬

‫‪172‬‬
 ‫ت ا&‪2‬را(ِ ) ‪<*ِ َ َ,‬رجِ؟‬
‫‪/+ Wُ َ,&ََ 7‬م ‪ِ a‬‬
‫‪ .12‬آَ َ‬
‫س ‪ ِ(ِC%t ,‬اَ*َ&ِ؟‬
‫‪% .13‬ذا َد َر َ‬
‫‪% .14‬ذا أرا َد ُ أ ) ُ أنْ ‪ُ &َ1‬رسَ؟‬
‫‪ِ .15‬ذا َذآ‪/ُ+ َ D‬م وا َ&ُ؟‬
‫‪ ُ@ُ*َ' E‬ه‪U‬ا؟‬
‫ي ‪ٍ َZ‬ء =َ‪َ Dَ/‬‬
‫‪2 k .16‬‬
‫ح ‪/ُ+‬م '*‪ِ@ِ!Dَ' -‬؟‬
‫‪% .17‬ذا ا"!َ َ َ‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪ِ!"R‬احِ؟‬
‫ن َرد‪p‬ه '*‪ -‬ذ َ‬
‫‪ 7‬آ َ‬
‫‪ .18‬آَ َ‬
‫ن َ<‪ًd‬؟‬
‫ج و‪ @t‬آ َ‬
‫ن ا‪D G‬‬
‫سأ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .19‬هَ‪ ْA‬ا'!ََ َ& ا‪ُ D‬‬
‫‪ % .20‬ا‪U‬ي َد‪ 0ُ َCَ,‬إ‪ -‬ه‪U‬ا ا‪ِ!'.‬دِ؟‬
‫ت اَ
ِ؟‬
‫‪ُ !<َ1 7‬ر ا‪ &ُ /‬و‪ِ t+ ِ@t‬‬
‫‪ .21‬آَ َ‬
‫ج وَ‪@t‬؟‬
‫ن وَ‪ Wُ 4‬زو‪ ُ(َt‬ا‪2 G‬‬
‫‪ 7‬آ َ‬
‫‪ .22‬آَ َ‬
‫ج و‪ ْ3' @t‬ا‪ِ d9‬م ‪ Wَ %‬زو‪ِ@ِ!َt‬؟‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪p G‬‬
‫‪ُ D")َ !َ1 -!َ% .23‬‬
‫‪ 2َ*ُ1 3‬أ‪ ِ=َ*َ &َ َ+‬؟‬
‫‪َ + A‬‬
‫‪% .24‬ذا آ
ْ ا‪Dm‬و‪ُ Caَ= ُ(َt‬‬
‫‪ ُ ُ$G1 3‬وا ُ&هُ‪0‬؟‬
‫ن ‪َ +‬‬
‫ت ‪َ )*Caَ1‬‬
‫ن ا‪.‬و\ ُد وا ُ‬
‫‪% .25‬ذا آ َ‬
‫‪' 7‬دةً‪ ،‬وذا؟‬
‫ن ‪/ُ+‬م ‪ُ َِ1‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آ َ‬
‫‪ .26‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ب‪/ .‬اب أم ‪+,-‬؟ أُآ"ُْ ‪ /‬أُآ"ُ‪ $%‬ا‪ 8َ 9‬ا‪ !345ِ6 +,7‬ا‪.ِ R‬‬
‫‪ُ ُ َ1 %َ&ِ' B‬د ا‪ُƒD‬؟‬
‫‪/ُ+ E‬م إ‪ ِ(َ,ُ] -‬ا‪ِ D/‬‬
‫‪Uَ1 .1‬هَ ُ‬
‫‪ ِ(َ!9َ% ْ3% E‬ا&رَ(ِ ا‪ِ(D1):‬؟‬
‫‪/َ+ ُCَ!/َِ1 .2‬م ا‪َ ُ!ُ9‬‬
‫ق ‪ِ &D َt‬ة ‪/ُ+‬م ‪ ِ(,ُ] ,‬ا‪ِ!R‬لِ؟‬
‫ن `َ&و ُ‬
‫‪ .3‬آ َ‬

‫‪173‬‬
 ‫ن أ  ُ "َ&ْ َد‪ ُ@َ*D‬آ‪ً:‬ا‪.‬‬
‫ل ‪/ُ+‬م أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ُ )َ1 .4‬‬
‫‪ ُ(D*, ُ Hُ= .5‬أ  'َ‪Dm‬ام إ‪ -‬أ‪&D َt ٌA<َ ُ@D‬اً؟‬
‫ن َِ!ِ@ِ‪.‬‬
‫ق اُ&را ِ‬
‫ض و َو َر َ‬
‫‪ .6‬إ!) َر َد أ ) 'َ‪Dm‬ام رُ‪V‬م ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫ق‪.‬‬
‫‪ , % 3‬ا‪ِ )p/‬‬
‫ن ‪ 2َُ1‬أ‪َ /+‬‬
‫‪َ!Hَ1 3‬ي أ ) 'َ‪Dm‬ام ا<ُ‪َ $‬ر آ َ‬
‫‪َ + .7‬‬
‫‪ٍ Z A‬ء‪.‬‬
‫ن '*‪ -‬آُ ‪2‬‬
‫‪ .8‬آ
ْ اِ‪ ُ(9/‬أ ‪p‬م 'َ‪Dm‬ام =َ) ُ‬
‫‪1mِ E‬ر ِة أُ‪.ِ@ِ!V‬‬
‫\ =َ‪U‬هَ َ‬
‫قأ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ 7‬أ ) 'َ‪Dm‬ام '*  ‪ِ dD‬‬
‫‪َ َ*َ+ .9‬‬
‫ع ‪ُ 91‬د ‪ &D َ+ £ُ ُ*َ1‬ا&‪ِ 'p‬ء‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ E‬أ ‪p‬م 'َ‪Dm‬ام ‪ٍ )H<ِ  ِ=t+‬‬
‫‪ُ ُ*َ= .10‬‬
‫ف َ‪ &ِ C‬هَ‪ ِ U‬ا! (ِ‪.‬‬
‫ب إ‪ َ َ/َ9‬ا<َ) ُ‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ DH‬‬
‫‪/ُ+ A‬م `ُ&‪ ً(َ,‬آَ‪2 ُ9‬‬
‫‪ 3+ .11‬أُ'!ُِ َ‬
‫س‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ D‬‬
‫ن =َ َ‪َ U‬و"َ  آَ‪2 ُ9‬‬
‫‪ K‬و‪َ 9‬‬
‫ف ا‪U ِ َ(/‬ا ا‪ِ ُC‬‬
‫‪ r*= \)َ .12‬اأ ُة ‪َ َ ' %‬‬
‫‪ E‬اُ‪َ C!/‬ر ِة وا‪.ِ(َ!9‬‬
‫‪D َ% .13‬تْ ََ(ٌ أو أآ‪ ُ :‬وه) ‪ ,  Cِ !ُ1‬ا‪ِ d+.‬م وا‪ِ ُ!ُ9‬‬
‫ن ا‪.ٌ(َV َ َ[D‬‬
‫ت‪D.‬‬
‫ن اَ ِ‬
‫‪ ْ3% A‬ا‪ً َ َZُ% ِ [D‬ة ‪ِ )ُ' ,‬‬
‫‪َ ' % .14‬د ‪ُ َ<َ1‬‬
‫ق‪.‬‬
‫‪ E‬وا‪ ِ(]D‬اَ‪ , ِ(َ=)9‬ا‪ِ '.‬‬
‫ف وا‪ُ َ1 &ٍ +‬ء ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ ُ!ُ9‬‬
‫‪ٍ َ َ ْ3ِ% E‬‬
‫‪ .15‬أ‪p ُG‬‬
‫‪.A‬‬
‫‪ A‬و‪ُ D%k!َ1‬‬
‫‪ A‬و‪ُ 2*َCُ1‬‬
‫ت ‪/ُ+‬م =ُ&ي أ‪T‬نَ‪َُ1 % 0ُ ُ aَ1 ) , ،‬أ َو‪ُ 2*َGُ1‬‬
‫‪َ&َ .16‬أتْ "اءا ُ‬
‫ي‪.‬‬
‫ل =َ[ ٍ‪)َj 0‬ر Š‬
‫ن ا!‪p‬رِ'&‪ %‬إ!َ‪D . -‬و ِ‬
‫ب ا‪ ِ(+D/‬و‪ِ V‬‬
‫‪ .17‬آَ‪َ ُ:‬تْ ز‪1‬را=ُ@ُ ِ ِ‬
‫ف ‪%‬ذا ‪.&ُ 1ُ1‬‬
‫ج ‪/ُ+‬م ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ ِ(C%‬أ‪)' &D َ!Z‬دًا و َ&َأ ‪ 0ُ aَ1‬و‪ُ ِ Cَ1‬‬
‫‪َ D َ<َ= %&' .18‬‬
‫‪ .19‬إ!َ‪ ٍ(َ'ُ/ِ ْ
َ!َa‬وا‪D ُْ4‬تْ إ‪ -‬أنْ =َ‪َ ` &,  ََ' Wَ َ,‬ر "‪8‬اً‪ ،‬أ"‪! ِ% َ َ8‬‬
‫ج 'َ*َ ‪.‬‬
‫ن زَو‪  ُ2*ََُ  َt‬أو ََ!َ‪D m‬و ُ‬
‫‪2 .‬م 'َ‪Dm‬ام أ‪ ً+‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ُ A‬‬
‫‪ُ D<ُ1 .20‬‬
‫‪Functional Expression‬‬ ‫أ'‪,‬رات ا)('َ&‬

‫‪174‬‬
 ً Cِَ!ُ% ‫ ' َد‬% no longer convinced

‫')دا‬
ً &D َ!Z‫و"َ&ْ أ‬ has matured

‫ ٍر‬2 َُ% ‫ن‬

ِ ‫ ِ&و‬ without justification

‫ف‬
ُ )َ<‫َ َ ا‬/َ9‫إ‬ fear has broken

‫ت‬
ٍ )")َ% ‫ ِ ُ&و ٍء‬ with a culculated
calmness

&ِ Cَ‫@ِ ا‬4% , in his distant past

!‫ ِء‬D/‫ب ا‬
D ‫ َر‬1 Oh, God of Heavens!

‫& َة‬D ُC‫& ا‬p ِCُ1 he gets ready

‫ي‬
ٌD ‫ٌ إدار‬3ِْ administrative jail term

ُ@َ*D‫"&ْ َد‬ has spoiled him with fatherly

love

‫ ٍة‬D % ‫ل‬
ِ ‫و‬D . ‫ ا!ه‬3
َ + when he met her first time

B
ِ 12‫ َ ا‬:َ‫\ آ‬
ً )*َ% ً Da1َV ً%)َ1 ‫ن‬
َ ‫آ‬ It was a rainy and windy autumn day.

‫س‬
ِ ‫ف اَ&ا ِر‬
ُ ‫ِا‬8ْ‫إ‬ end of school day

ُ D9َCُ‫ُ@ُ ا‬t‫ا‬mِ% his disturbed mood

ٍ َHَ ْ3ِ% ٌ‫س‬D/َ+ ٌ7ْِ` sensitive kind of people

ِ(D`<‫ ا‬0ِ ِ,‫ُو‬l A

ِ ْ$َaِ thanks to their personal
cirumstances

175
 ‫ع‬
ِ ‫َُا ُء ا‬, the poor of the lowest
class

‫ت‬
ِ D<ُ‫ن ا‬
ُ D9ُ the camp residents

ِ(D"‫ ِز‬.‫ ) ا‬DUَCُ% the tormented of the

alleys

ِ(َ‫ه‬tَ)‫َ(ُ ا‬2)َ َ!ُ% of middle prestige

ِ(َ1&َ‫ِ ا‬oَ‫ َو‬, downtown

‫ت‬D1&َ% Majidi (Ottoman era

currency)

(‫ام‬Dmَ' ) ‫ )أ‬E
ُ Dَ*ُ‫ا‬ hnicknamed Abu
‘Azzaam

ِ(َ‫ه‬tَ)‫ِ وا‬6‫ ا‬0ِ *ُGِ u

َ َ!%‫إ‬ filled with the dream of fortune &prestige

&ٍ ‫ح أآ‬

ٍ َ )َ Gَ ُ@ُ=َ /َ% his march to certain
success

E
َ ُ!ُ9‫َ )ى ا‬1‫ش و‬
َ 2‫ ا‬E
p ِGُ1 likes debate & loves books

Wِ َ‫ ا‬-*' &َ َ9D َ made everyone unhappy

‫)ا ِر‬.‫ ا‬E ُ 1َ] with strange moods

Aِ ِL‫َوا‬.‫ْ َ ِة ا‬HَC‫ْ ا‬3ِ% of the top ten

A
ٍ َ' ‫ت‬
ُ ‫ه ذا‬ she is smart

r
2 DH*ِ )'&َ1 \ calls for no doubt

A
ِ َْC‫ل ا‬
ُ )!aَ% twisted mind

176
 2oَ<‫ل ا‬
ِ ) -*' immediately

3
ِ َ/ْ+.‫ْ ا‬3ِ% yet better

‫ا ا َ)َ&َ؟‬U‫š ه‬
ُ ُَ1 ‫ذا‬% What lacks this boy?

‫ل‬
ُ ُ1 K
D َG‫أ‬ the fact is

.‫ش‬
َ ‫ِا‬a‫َ!ْ@ُ اَ*َْ(ُ ا‬%mَ ‫أ‬ The stroke confined him to bed.

ُ(َ1&َ‫اَ* َ& ُة ا‬ old city

&ٍ +‫ف وا‬

ٍ َ َ ْ3ِ% E
p ُG‫أ‬ one-side love

‫َ) َر ٍة‬j‫س و‬
ٍ  ‫ و‬Wٍ ِ"‫ َد وا‬D َُ% just reality, poverty &revolution

&Š َGَ!ِ ‫ل‬

َ " he boldly said

ُ@َ' mُ َC= % unable to match

ُ(َ=)9َ‫](ُ ا‬D‫ا‬ supressed desire

ٌ‫&ودات‬Cَ%  %D1‫أ‬ her days are numbered

‫ 'َ&ي‬r
َِ َ I owe you

Grammar ِ‫ا‬$%‫ا‬
1. Hollow Verbs experience some changes of the long vowel when they are in the
Jussive Mood. All three long vowels are reduced to the identical short vowels. That
is to say:

a. ‫ ا‬changes to FatHa as in:

ْ0ََ1 ْ0َ – ‫َ ُم‬1

b. ‫ ي‬changes to Kasra, as in:

177
 ِْ/َ1 ْ0َ – ُ /َ1
c.‫ و‬changes to Dhammma
ْ0َُ1 ْ0َ – ‫َ) ُم‬1
2. Defective Verbs, which end with long vowels, experience the same changes, as
shown in the following:

‫ع‬
ُ ‫ْ أَد‬0َ – )'‫أد‬
I
ِ ْ%‫ْ أ‬0َ – Hْ%‫َأ‬
K
َ ‫ْ أ‬0َ – -َ‫أ‬

Drill #1 ‫ول‬.‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Use the words and phrases in the Functional Expressions List in good sentences:

Drill #2 2‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Please choose the correct options:

.7
2 َ9‫َ&و ُد ا‬% ٌAtَ‫@ُ ر‬D‫ام أ‬Dm'  ‫ن أ‬
ُ ‫ا‬t &ُ َِ!Cَ1 .1
:ƒ
َ َ 0ِ 1‫ رأ‬, )‫إ َذنْ ه‬
ً%َِ‫ ه‬.‫ت‬ d
ً <َ .‫ب‬ ً tَ‫ و‬.‫أ‬

:‫ي‬U‫ ُء ا‬DH‫š ه) ا‬
ُ 26َُ‫ ُ ا‬%.‫ ا‬.2
ُ ِ/ُ1 .‫ت‬ ‫ح‬
ُ ِ aُ1 .‫ب‬ „
ُ ِ'mُ1 .‫أ‬

178
 ‫ل ‪D َ%‬ةٍ‪،‬‬
‫‪ %َ&ِ' .3‬ا !َ‪ ْ
ََ/‬اُ‪/ُGِ ُ(َ2*C‬م أو ‪D‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬هَ ‪ mD‬رأَ@ُ‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إ!َ&ا َر ِ)‪ِ@ t‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا !َ‪  0َ َ/‬‬

‫ن ‪/ُ+‬م‪:‬‬
‫‪ .4‬آُ*‪ D‬آ
ْ اُ‪ ُ ُ$Gَ= ُ(َ2*C‬إ‪ -‬اَ‪ ،ِ(ََ!9‬آ َ‬
‫ب ‪ً )َ َ"  C%‬ة‬
‫أ‪ُ َ Hَ1 .‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ب‪  Cَ%  ُHِ"ُ1 .‬ا‪َ d!+.‬‬
‫ج‬
‫ت‪ ُ ُ[َ1 .‬إ  ‪ ْ3%‬وَرا ِء ا‪ِ tpm‬‬

‫‪/ُ+ A‬م اُ‪َ& َ(2*C‬أ ‪. .........  ُِ+dُ1‬‬

‫‪ &َ Cَ .5‬أنْ " َ َ‬
‫ق‬
‫ت‪ .‬آَ‪ِ )C8‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬آ‪ِ 1‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫أ‪ .‬آَ) ِ‬

‫‪ , .6‬اَ‪ % ِ(!9‬آن ‪/ُ+‬م‪:‬‬

‫أ‪mُ Dََ!َ1 ،ُBَ*َ1 ، p َُ1 .‬‬
‫ب‪َ1 .‬مُ‪1 ،‬أُ‪ُ 29َaُ1 ،‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ت‪َ1 .‬أُ‪ُ ِa8َ1 ،ُ0َ*Gَ1 ،‬‬

‫ف ا‪...... َ(َ*p/‬‬
‫‪َ ' % .7‬د ‪/ُ+‬م ‪ُ <َ1‬‬
‫ل‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ !'.‬‬
‫أ‪َ َ" .‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪َ j‬ء ا‪ِ !'.‬‬

‫‪179‬‬
 ‫ل‬
‫ت‪ &َ C .‬ا‪ِ !'.‬‬

‫ض‪.‬‬
‫س َ َ‪ W‬أو ‪ِZ‬ا َء ا‪.‬ر ِ‬
‫ب ا‪ُ D‬‬
‫‪ُ  َ1 .8‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -Cَ%‬ذ َ‬
‫س‬
‫ت‪:ُ1 .‬ي ا‪ُ D‬‬ ‫س‬
‫ض ا‪ُ D‬‬
‫ب‪ُ ِ aَ1 .‬‬ ‫س‬
‫أ‪D َ َ!َ1 .‬د ُد ا‪ُ D‬‬

‫‪ .9‬أ‪j‬ى أ" ِر ُ َ‪ &َ C‬ا!ِ ِ‪ ِ(1&َ*ِ 0‬ا‪V.‬ى‪.‬‬

‫أ"ر ُ أ`‪)G‬ا‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ُ .‬و‪َ  َt‬ء‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ] َء‬ ‫أ‪ُ, .‬ا َء‬

‫‪/ُ+ E‬م ِ*ُ‪:ْ3% =k1 ِ(َ2*C‬‬

‫ن ‪p ُ+‬‬
‫‪ .10‬آ َ‬
‫‪ًC% 3‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ َjR‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪ ِ(]D‬اَ‪ِ(َ=)9‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫أ‪ِ" .‬ا َء ِة ا‪ِ ُ!ُ9‬‬

‫‪ ً(D1&2 ِt B‬أآ‪:َ َ:‬‬

‫‪ُ ِ8ُ= E‬‬
‫ت ‪/ُ+‬م ِ*‪ِ ُ!ُ9‬‬
‫‪َ&َ .11‬أتْ "ِاءا ُ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪َ 2/‬‬
‫أ‪ &َ Cَ .‬أنْ َد‪َ َV‬‬
‫‪ E‬اُ‪َ(2*C‬‬
‫ب‪ &َ Cَ .‬أنْ أ‪D َ+‬‬
‫ج ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ(C%‬‬
‫ت‪ &َ Cَ .‬أن =َ<َ ‪ُ D‬‬

‫‪:3‬‬
‫‪ .12‬أ"ا هُ‪ ْ0‬أ`&ِ"‪ L‬ا‪َ 1U‬‬

‫‪180‬‬
 ‫ƒ 'ُي‬
‫ت‪ِ aَِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ`‪2ِ% ُ َ6‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ9َ1 .‬وَ‬

‫ك ا َ)َ ِ& ‪َ +‬ة أ‪,‬ا ِد أ=ِ@ِ‪.‬‬

‫‪ُ )*ُ &َ D9َ .13‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -C%‬ذِ َ‬
‫ن‬
‫‪ 0ُ َ E‬ا‪َ mُG‬‬
‫ت‪َ Dَ .‬‬ ‫ب‪&َCُ 0ُ َ*َCَt .‬ا َء‬ ‫أ‪&َ َ' .‬هُ‪0‬‬

‫‪ E‬ا‪)pH‬مْ!"‬
‫‪ ْ
" .14‬ا‪/ُGِ ُ(DّC‬م "‪َ َ' 1‬‬
‫إ ِذنْ ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ُ@ُ)َ1  0p َ! َ= \ .‬‬ ‫‪ُ@C% 7‬‬
‫ب‪ُ ِ*َ!<َ= .‬‬ ‫‪ُ@َCَ% K‬‬
‫أ‪ُ ِaD!َ= .‬‬

‫‪. ....... E‬‬

‫‪ E‬أ ) '‪Dm‬ام َِ*َ(ٍ ِ‪ِ ِ/‬‬
‫‪ .15‬أُ` َ‬
‫ل ا ُ@ُ‬
‫ت‪َ " % .‬‬ ‫ل‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا‪mDm‬ا ِ‬ ‫ƒ ا‪2 G‬ر‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ‪ِ D‬‬

‫ن ‪ٍ 2 َُ%‬ر‪.‬‬
‫‪ ...... mَ َaَ" .16‬إ‪/ُ+ ََ' -‬م ِ&و ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ُ(َCD8‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ&‪Wُ %D‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ‪ُ [D‬‬

‫‪.B‬‬
‫‪َ .17‬و‪)Cَ4‬ا اِ‪d‬طَ ‪ ِ(,ُ] , ......‬ا‪ِ ْD/‬‬
‫‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪َ La‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اَ&‪&َ 1‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪َ $V.‬‬

‫‪181‬‬
 ‫‪ُ /ُ+ A‬م اُ‪.َ(َ2*C‬‬
‫‪َ َ " Uُ ُ% .18‬‬
‫ت‪ِ(َ2/ ْ0َ! َ1 ْ0َ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً&2َt ْ0ََ1 ْ0َ .‬ا‬ ‫أ‪َ1 ْ0َ .‬أ آ‪ً:‬ا‬

‫ن اُ‪:% َ(َ2*C‬‬
‫‪َ  %َ&ِ' .19‬رتْ =َ‪َ )p‬ر=ُ  ‪D ,‬‬
‫‪&َ` 7‬رُه‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪َ َHَ9‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا!َ‪ -*' ْ
Da‬ا‪ِ 12‬‬
‫ل َ‪ ِ/a‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬دا َرتْ ‪َ )+‬‬

‫‪ ُ ُ$Gَ= \ .20‬اُ‪ ُ(َ2*C‬إ‪ ِ(َ!9% -‬اَ*َ&‪:ِ(D1‬‬

‫ت‪ &َ ِ' .‬ا[‪ِ p‬‬ ‫ب‪ٍ [ِ!ِ .‬م‬ ‫أ‪ِ!ِ .‬ا ِر‬

‫ن ‪/ُ+‬م ‪ Wُ ِ !ُ1‬اُ‪:, َ(َ2*C‬‬

‫‪ % .21‬آ َ‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪ِ dْ+.‬م أ‪َ j‬ء ا‪ِ )D‬م‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا‪ ِ(َCِ%‬ا‪ِ(D91%.‬‬
‫‪ E‬اُ‪َ Cَ!/‬ر ِة‬
‫ت‪ .‬اَ‪ ِ(ََ!9‬وا‪ِ ُ!ُ9‬‬

‫‪/ُ+ A‬م اُ‪. .................... َ(َ2*C‬‬

‫‪َ َ " .22‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا!‪ ِ(C%  ِ"G‬ا‪ِ(D91%.‬‬
‫أ‪َ " .‬‬
‫ل و‪)t‬دِه ‪ ,‬ا‪ ِ(C%‬ا‪ِ(D91%.‬‬
‫ب‪َ dِV .‬‬

‫‪182‬‬
 ‫ت‪ ْ3%  ِtp َ<َ= &َ Cَ .‬ا‪ ِ(C%‬ا‪ِ(D91%.‬‬

‫ل ‪ٍ D َ%‬ة‪:‬‬
‫‪/ُ+ A‬م ‪D .‬و َ‬
‫‪ .23‬أُ'!ُِ َ‬
‫‪ A‬دُ‪ ِ@ِ)V‬ا‪َ(C%‬‬
‫أ‪َ َ" .‬‬
‫ل دِرا!ِ@ِ ‪ ,‬ا‪ِ(C%‬‬
‫ب‪َ dِV .‬‬
‫ت‪ ْ3% ِ@ِtp َ<َ= &َ Cَ .‬ا‪ِ(C%‬‬

‫‪ B‬ا‪ُ &َ 1&DH‬ة ‪Uَ<َ,‬ي ا‪:َ(َ2*َC‬‬

‫‪ %َ&َ' .24‬آَ‪ ْ
َaَH‬ا‪ُ 12‬‬
‫‪ B‬ذِرا'َ@ِ‬
‫ت‪َ َ!َ, .‬‬ ‫‪ِ@ََ' B‬‬
‫ب‪َ َ!َ, .‬‬ ‫‪/ُ+ B‬م ‪ُ@ََ,‬‬
‫أ‪َ !َ, .‬‬

‫ق آ
ْ =‪:ْ3% =k‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪.‬ورا ِ‬
‫‪ .25‬أ‪ ُ(َ"m"Dm‬و‪ُ a+‬‬
‫ش‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ِ Z‬ر ا‪ِ 2/‬و وا<َ‪ِ <H‬‬ ‫ش وا‪ِ Z.‬ر‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪ِ H'.‬‬ ‫ش ا&‪p‬وري‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ'‪ِ H‬‬

‫‪Drill # 3‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬ا‪32‬‬

‫أ‪LDَ .‬ك ‪LDَ /‬آ‪ $‬اُ‪ 8َ 9‬ا"! َ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ت ا‪9‬م ا‪U‬ي ا‪!Z‬ا ا& ‪ A$a‬ا[ف وز‪ 7+‬ا&‪j (1‬وة ‪.(*L‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أ ؤ ا‪m'R‬اء ‪)*%‬ن '*‪ K1 -‬اح ا! ‪  Z‬إ‪. /a (a * @=)V‬‬
‫‪ &%" @!*, , .3‬أ‪ +‬و‪,Z‬ت ز‪t‬ج =‪ (*,  ' mC‬أ]‪.(8<Z -‬‬
‫‪ 3% .4‬ا‪C‬وف أ@ "& ‪d  *' 7*+‬ق ‪dj‬ث أ\ =‪ A8‬إ‪ -‬ا&وار‪.‬‬
‫‪ -*' 3!C" W 3% 39= & .5‬ا‪H‬رع ا‪C‬م وا‪ " }a!+‬ا‪.‬رض ‪.@/a‬‬

‫‪183‬‬
 ‫‪ .6‬أ‪ 3ِ% @!V‬أ @ زآ( =‪ AC‬دا‪ (1‬و=‪ , 39/‬ز"ق ‪" ,‬ب ب ا‪.(+/‬‬
‫‪ 8= .7‬آ‪ (*9‬ا ‪ (%‬و=!‪ @C‬إ‪ -‬ا‪G‬م و=)م ‪)+ A9‬ا‪ -!+ @L‬ا‪.(8<H‬‬
‫‪ .8‬إن ا @ ا‪9,k d!%‬ر ه)‪t‬ء ‪&9‬ت '*‪ -‬ا‪ W‬وأ'"
‪ )G @=/%‬اح‪.‬‬
‫‪ 39 . .9‬ا)& ]‪ E1‬ا‪).‬ار وأ‪+‬ن ‪ rH* )'&1 \ ,
:1‬إ@ ‪)!a%‬ل ا‪.AC‬‬
‫‪, .10‬ذا ‪ %‬ا‪!Z‬وا ‪ d,‬أآ‪ (C" 3% :‬ء 
أو `‪ 3% 7‬ا&آآ‪.3‬‬
‫ ا‪!94‬ت ا"! "‪:9 89 C4‬‬
‫ب‪َ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أي ‪َ PDP‬‬
‫ل‪.‬‬
‫ق ََ َ اِ!و ِ‬
‫‪ 0ِ *ُGِ u‬ا‪ ِ6‬وا)َ‪t‬هَ(ِ '*‪ -‬أ"اِ@ِ ‪ Uُ ُ%‬ا‪ِ :‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ا‪U‬ي ا‪َ َ!%‬‬
‫ب‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪)t‬ا ِر َ‬
‫‪َmِ 3‬و ِ‬
‫‪ A‬أو إ‪ِ َj‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫ع ‪p ِGَ1‬‬
‫ل و ‪ &َ C‬أُ) ٍ‬
‫‪  ُnَ1 A‬ه‪U‬ا ا&‪ِ \D‬‬
‫‪ &َ C .2‬آُ ‪D‬‬
‫ب َوَ‪ ِo‬اَ&‪ ِ(َ1‬ا‪.ِ(+D/‬‬
‫ب  ِ‬
‫ك ه ‪ ُ(D‬دا ٍر ‪َ ُ" ,‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ d%.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬هَ&‪  َ%‬ا‪m2m‬ا ُ‬
‫ن أ‪&Cَ%  %D1‬وداتٌ َُِ*‪  َD‬أو‪.‬‬
‫ج 'َ*َ  ‪2 .‬م '‪Dm‬ام أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪D mَ!َ1 A‬و َ‬
‫‪ .4‬وأ‪ &p ِCُ1 @D‬ا‪َ &D ُC‬ة ‪ُ D<ُ1‬‬
‫ن '‪ ٍ(َ)8َ% ٍ(َ*L‬وإ‪.ُ@ُ=)V‬‬
‫ن زو‪ ُ@ُ!َt‬إ َ(ُ أِ‪D‬ءٌ ‪َ )p‬‬
‫ن و‪H!/ُ%‬رو َ‬
‫‪ .5‬و‪َ )aDl)َ َ%‬‬
‫‪ ْ3' 7‬ا‪ِ d9‬م ‪ ْ3%‬وَ‪ ِ@ِ t‬و=َ!َ‪&ِ ُ ZG‬و ِر ِ‪.‬‬
‫ل ا‪ِ َ D/‬ة و‪!َ1‬هَ*ُ  ‪ُ D")َ َ!َ,‬‬
‫ب ) َ‬
‫‪ُ َ َ= .6‬‬
‫ض‪.‬‬
‫س و‪ Wَ 4‬اَ*َ ِ& ‪ُ ِ aَ1‬‬
‫\ ‪ Wَ َ1‬وا‪ُ D‬‬
‫ن '*‪ -‬ا)اِ ِ& أ ‪D‬‬
‫ن ا‪2H‬ا َء إ ‪D‬‬
‫ن و‪َ )  َ1‬‬
‫‪َ ),<َ1 .7‬‬
‫ج ‪.ْ3ِ%‬‬
‫\ إ ُ@ُ وأُ‪ 4% ُ@ُ!V‬ا‪2 G‬‬
‫تإ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .8‬و‪ @t‬و‪ٍ 826َُ% , ْ3ُ9َ1 ْ0َ ِ ِ4+‬‬
‫ح و=َ ُء‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ َ= 3‬م =َو ُ‬
‫\ ‪َ +‬‬
‫‪ B‬اِ‪ ُ(9/‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫ƒ =ُ‪ُ ِ8‬‬
‫ك و\ =َ*ِ ُ‬
‫‪ .9‬آِ‪ِ )َ 9‬‬
‫ع آ ‪)َ%‬خٌ‪.‬‬
‫ن آ‪ ُ@Dk‬أ< ُر وا‪Uِ ُ% )9‬رٌ آَ ِ‬
‫‪ .10‬واذ ُ‬

‫‪Drill # 4‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬اا!‪4‬‬

‫‪Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:‬‬

‫‪184‬‬
 ‫‪/ُ+ B‬م ] َ ‪.ِ(2*Cُ*ِ َ@2ُGِ Wٍ ِً!ُ%‬‬
‫‪ .1‬أ`َ َ‬
‫ي‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪R‬دار ‪2‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ 2/‬‬
‫أ‪َ " .‬‬
‫ي‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪R‬دار ‪2‬‬
‫ل ا‪ِ 2/‬‬
‫ب‪َ dِV .‬‬
‫ي‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪R‬دار ‪2‬‬
‫ت‪ &َ C .‬ا‪ِ 2/‬‬
‫ل‪.‬‬
‫‪ &َ C 3‬ا!‪ 0ِ [َ!*ِ ِ@ِL‬ا‪D .‬و ِ‬
‫‪/ُ+ -$" .2‬م ‪َ &D ُ%‬ة ‪ , ........‬ا‪ِ 2/‬‬
‫ت‪ً ُZ 21 .‬ا‬ ‫ب‪ً َZ 18 .‬ا‬ ‫أ‪ٍ ) Z 6 .‬ر‬

‫ب ا‪.ِ(َ+D/‬‬
‫ن ا!‪ِ Dp‬ر و  ِ‬
‫ت ‪/ُ+‬م ِ< ِ‬
‫‪ .3‬إزدا َدتْ ز‪1‬را ُ‬
‫ل‬
‫‪ A‬ا!‪ 0ِ [D‬ا‪D .‬و ِ‬
‫أ‪َ َْ" .‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا!‪ 0ِ [D‬ا‪:‬‬
‫ب‪َ َْ" .‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪R‬داري‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ 2/‬‬
‫ت‪َ َْ" .‬‬

‫‪. ....... 3‬‬

‫ع ‪/ُ+‬م ‪2 َُ%‬رٌ َ‪D ِ9‬‬
‫ن ِ&ِ‪ِ )%‬‬
‫‪% .4‬آ َ‬
‫أ‪/ُ+ .‬م ‪ٌ31mَ+‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ&‪Dَ] Wَ %D‬شٌ ‪-ِtaُ%‬ءٌ‬
‫ن‬
‫ف آَ‪:‬ا ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ 0َ َ.‬وا<َ) َ‬

‫ل ‪ٍ D َ%‬ة ‪. ........‬‬
‫‪Z .5‬هَ َ& ‪/ُ+‬م اُ‪D . َ(َ2*C‬و ِ‬
‫ع‬
‫ت‪ , .‬ا‪ِ DH‬ر ِ‬ ‫‪ A‬اَ‪ِ(ََ!9‬‬
‫ب‪ , .‬دا‪ِ ِV‬‬ ‫أ‪ , .‬ا‪ِ(َ1&َG‬‬

‫‪185‬‬
 ‫ƒ‪:‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ D‬‬
‫‪َ )َ1 .6‬م ا!َ‪/ُ+ -‬م اُ‪ َ(َ2*C‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪ًaِ`' .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً ِ*:ُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ردًا‬

‫\ ‪. ......  D.‬‬
‫‪َ % .7‬د َرَ
ْ اُ‪ , ُ(َ2*C‬ا‪ ِ(َCِ%‬ا‪ ِ(D91%.‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬ذَآ‪ٌ(D‬‬
‫
ا‪ُ9‬ى‬
‫‪ .2‬اِ ُ‬
‫‪ ِ(ََ!َ9% ْ3% E‬اَ*َ&‪ِ(D1‬‬
‫‪ ُ Cَ!/َ= .3‬ا‪َ ُ!ُ9‬‬

‫‪/ُ+ A‬م `ُ&‪.ً(َ,‬‬

‫ف ‪ &َ C‬أنْ ُأ'ْ!ُِ َ‬
‫‪.8‬إ‪ َ َ/َ9‬ا<َ) ُ‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫ف‬
‫أ‪ .‬إزدا َد ا<َ) ُ‬
‫ف‬
‫‪ 7‬ا<َ) ُ‬
‫ب‪َ َ'$َ= .‬‬
‫ف‬
‫ل ا<َ) ُ‬
‫ت‪ .‬زا َ‬

‫ج وَ‪. ...... @t‬‬

‫ن ا‪D G‬‬
‫‪ )َ .9‬ذَهََ
ْ ُأ ‪p‬م 'َ‪Dm‬ام إ‪ -‬ا‪)p/‬قِ‪D , ،‬‬
‫ت‪ ُ2*ََُ .‬‬ ‫ب‪D mَ َ!ََ .‬و‪ ُt‬‬ ‫‪ َCَ% E‬‬
‫أ‪Uََ .‬هَ ُ‬

‫ن ا!‪ِ p‬ر َِ*!َ‪:‬‬

‫ب ا‪ ِ(َ+D/‬و‪َ V‬‬
‫‪َ&َ % .10‬أ ‪/ُ+‬م ‪mَ1‬و ُر  َ‬

‫‪186‬‬
 ‫ل‬
‫ت‪ِ DُC .‬‬ ‫ب‪ِ ْ]. .‬ء‬ ‫أ‪ُa .‬ا ِء‬

‫\ َ‪:&َ C‬‬
‫ث ‪/ُ+‬م ‪ Wَ %‬اُ‪ ِ(َD*َC‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ &D َGَ= % .11‬‬
‫ت‬
‫
ََ)ا ٍ‬
‫ت‪2 ِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ٍ ) ُZ ِ(َjdَj .‬ر‬ ‫‪ 7‬ا‪ِ(َD/‬‬
‫أ‪ ٍ(ََ .‬وَ‪ِ ْ8‬‬

‫ف إذا آَ
ْ اُ‪ ُ(َ2*َC‬دا‪ َ(َِL‬ا‪R‬ه!ِ ِم ‪. ........‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ Cَ \ .12‬‬
‫ت‪)ِ .‬ا‪ ِِt‬‬ ‫ب‪ ِ/ِ dَِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪َِ ْ[َِ .‬ه‬

‫‪ ْ
َ*َ8َ+ .13‬اُ‪ ٍ(َGْِ% -*' ُ(َ2*َC‬دِرا‪ , ٍ(D‬ا‪ ِ(َCِ%‬ا‪: D. ِ(D91%.‬‬
‫ن‬
‫
اا ِ‬
‫أ‪ُ ِ .‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪ ْ3ِ% .‬ا‪ِ َ ْHَC‬ة ا‪.‬وا‪ِ ِL‬‬
‫س ا‪َ )*ُC‬م وا‪َ +.‬ء‬
‫ت‪2 &َ ُ= .‬ر ُ‬

‫‪ِ َ .‬ة‪.‬‬
‫
اُ‬
‫ل َ َ‬
‫ب ا‪mDm‬ا ُ‬
‫‪َ D َV .14‬‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Cِa‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ت‪َ .‬ز‪َ َ+‬‬ ‫ت‬
‫ب‪َ  .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬هَ َ& َم‬

‫‪ُ ْ'.‬م 'َ‪َ D‬ورِ‪.ُ )j‬‬

‫‪ -46َ= .15‬ا َ‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬

‫‪187‬‬
‫ت‪)ُِ1 ْ0َ .‬ا ِ َورِ‪ُ )j‬‬ ‫ب‪)َ .‬ا ِ َورِ‪ُ )j‬‬ ‫أ‪)' .‬ا ‪َ %‬ورِ‪ُ )j‬‬

‫ن ا‪U‬ي \ ‪. ........‬‬
‫
ه اَ‪ُ 9‬‬
‫‪ُ َ َ8ْCِ% .16‬ة ا‪ِ 1Dm‬‬
‫
‬
‫ن ‪ ِ@,‬ا‪َ 1Dm‬‬
‫ت‪َ!ْHَ1 .‬و َ‬ ‫
‬
‫ن ‪ ِ@,‬ا‪َ 1Dm‬‬
‫ب‪َ )Cَِْ1 .‬‬ ‫
‬
‫ن ‪ ِ@,‬ا‪َ 1Dm‬‬
‫أ‪َ )Cَ1 .‬‬

‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪ َ&Cَ .17‬ا!‪ 0ِ [ِ!*ِ ِ@ِL‬ا‪ D:‬أ‪/ُ+ -$%‬م ‪َ َ ْ!َ,‬ة ‪ , ..........‬ا‪ِ ْ2/‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ ) ُZ 6 .‬ر‬ ‫ب‪ً َZ 18 .‬ا‬ ‫أ‪ً َZ 21 .‬ا‬

‫‪ K‬اُ ِو َر ِة‪.‬‬
‫‪َ .18‬ز‪ ْ
َaَ+‬اَ&‪ ُ(َ1‬إ‪ -‬اَِ ِ‬
‫ن اَ&‪ َ(َ1‬أَ`َ‪:ْ
َG‬‬
‫‪َ r‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ت‪َ .‬أْ[َ َ‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬أَ‪َ َt‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أَآَ َ‬

‫‪ 3‬إَ  'َ َ& ا‪D$‬ور ِة‪.‬‬

‫‪&َ .19‬ى ‪t‬رِ ‪َj‬وةٌ آَ َةٌ ‪َ1‬آُ ُ‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫ل ]َ‪ًD‬‬
‫ت‪ % .‬زا َ‬ ‫ب‪َj َ ِ/َV .‬و=َ@ُ‬ ‫ف ‪ ُ@َ%‬ا‪َ :9‬‬
‫أ‪َ َ َ` .‬‬

‫‪ ُ(D*, .20‬أ  'َ‪Dm‬ام =)‪k +‬آ‪ُ &ِ َ1 Dِ% َ َ:‬ر 'َ*َ@ِ‪.‬‬
‫ب أ َ ٍة ‪. ........‬‬
‫أَي أ‪ ُ Hُ=  D‬إ‪ -‬أ‪َ ُ@D‬ر ‪p‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ(Dَ] .‬‬ ‫ب‪ٍ(2)َ َ!ُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٍ َ َ, .‬ة‬

‫‪188‬‬
 ‫‪ B‬ا‪ُ َْ9‬م ا‪U‬ي ا‪!Z‬ا ُ اَ ‪َj &p‬و ًة ‪.ً(*L‬‬
‫‪ .21‬أ`َ َ‬
‫ƒ ‪ -Cَ%‬ا‪:ِ(َa28‬‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ت‪ً(َ)8َ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬آَ َ ًة‬ ‫أ‪ً(")%َْ% .‬‬

‫ اَ)ا ِد ِ ِء َ!ِ@ِ ‪:ْ3%‬‬

‫‪ .22‬إ!) َر َد أ ) 'َ‪Dm‬ام َ‪َ ْC‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪)CD/‬د‪ِ(D1‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إ‪1‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ‬

‫ف آ‪  Dk‬آ*َ(ٌ هَ ِ‪.ٌ(َ%‬‬
‫‪ .23‬أ`َ‪ ْ
َG‬ا‪Dm‬و‪ُ D َ8َ!َ= ُ(َt‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ(َa28‬اُا ِد‪:ُ(َ,‬‬
‫ت‪ٌ(Dِ/ُ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ٌ(َ9/ِ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪6َ` .‬ةٌ‬

‫ƒ ‪/ُ+‬م ‪ ِ(َCD8‬ا‪. ....... %َ&ِ' ِ(DL  َ9‬‬

‫‪َ .24‬أ‪D َ+‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪ r‬اَ) ِم ا‪ِ ِ`C‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬إ!َ‪َ )` Wَ َt‬ر َة اُ‪ ِ(َ2*َC‬ب‪ .‬ا‪َ َ َa‬د ِ  ت‪Z .‬هَ&َه ‪ ,‬ذَ َ‬

‫ن‪:‬‬
‫ل ‪/ُ+‬م أنْ ‪D . َ ُ9َ1‬‬
‫‪+ .25‬و َ‬
‫أ‪ .‬اُ‪ َ(َ2*َC‬أآَ ُ ‪ُ@ِ%‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا&‪Dَ] Wَ %D‬شٌ ‪-taُ%‬ءٌ‬
‫ت ا‪ِ D‬ر ا‪&D َ!%‬تْ إ‪ِ@ِ*َ" -‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬هَ‪ِ D‬‬

‫‪189‬‬
Reading Exercise ‫اءة‬%‫ ا‬/017
Read the following sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to them. Give the
tape to your teacher to check your performance. Once you are done with that please
translate them.

:(1m*9.‫(ِ ا‬6*‫ ا‬-‫* إ‬1 % tَ= / ْ0tَ=

‫ د؟‬p/‫ ا‬0َ ْCَ ْ‫ق‬Uُ َ1 ْ0َ Dِ% ْ3َ% .1
.‫ ِء‬D/‫ب ا‬
2 ‫ َر‬-‫ إ‬r
َ َ+ )9ْHَ= ْ‫س أن‬
َ k \ .2
.‫) ِر‬%.‫ ِ ا‬Uِ َ‫ْ ه‬3َ' -46!َ ‫ِُ أن‬9ُ1 \ ،ٍ(َ+‫َا‬8َ .3
.‫ْ)ا ِر‬.‫ ا‬E
ُ 1َ] ٌAُt‫@ُ َر‬D‫ إ‬،ِrَCَ% 7
ُ ِ*َ!V‫ \ أ‬.4
.ِ ِ ِ4+‫@ِ و‬4ِ ُ ِ<َ!aَ1 ٌAُt‫ل ه) َر‬
ُ ُ1 K
p َG‫ أ‬.5
.

ِ "َ)‫ ا‬A
D ُ‫َ(ً آ‬+‫ `َا‬1‫ل رأ‬
َ )"‫ 'ِ&ي َأنْ أ‬r
ِ َ .6
.ِ(1َ6‫ ا‬0ِ ‫س واا‬
ِ )p‫ْ ا‬3' ً ِL‫ن دا‬
َ )jD&َGَ!َ1 ‫ ِذا‬0ُ َ ,‫ \ أ‬.7
.ِ &ِ +َ)ِ ‫ا‬U ِ )‫ ه‬%‫ و‬،ٍ‫&ة‬D ِHِ ِ(َ%)9ُG‫َ!َِ َ& َ(َ ا‬1 ْ‫ُِ@ُ أن‬t‫ وا‬.8
.‫ب‬
ٍ )Hَ% ‫ ِ ُ&و ٍء‬K
َ ِa<َ1 E
ُ *َ‫ل ا‬
َ ‫ زا‬%‫تْ و‬D َ% ْ&" ‫ت‬
ٍ ‫
َ)ا‬
D ِ ‫ن‬
D‫أ‬E
ِ ََC‫ْ ا‬3ِ% .9
. َZ Uُ ُ%  ُ,ِ '‫َ! ٍة أ‬aِ َD‫ "َ&ْ َذآ‬412‫َ[ْ َ َه ا‬% ‫ن‬
D ‫ َ ُ& أ‬Hَ1 ُ@D*َ‫ أ‬.10

Unit # 9 (9) ‫أة ر‬

‫'َج‬.‫َوَ ُ& ا‬

190
 ‫‪ ،3‬و َو‪ ُ@ْ!َCَ4‬وه ‪,‬‬ ‫)أ‪ُ (ُ(DD8‬أ ‪p‬م )اَ‪D mَ َ= .ُ َ َ] ْEِْُ= ْ0َ (ِ H‬و‪ , ْ
َt‬ا‪َ 1HِC‬‬
‫‪ُِْ' ْ3% 3‬ه‪ Dَ .‬آ
ْ ‪  ْCَ/َ= ْ0َ ،-*ُ+‬ا&‪َ  َ!َ, p‬دتْ ‪ ، ِ!َHَ% ,‬و=َ َ ‪ْ
َCَ,D‬‬ ‫ا<َ‪َ /‬‬
‫ت ا&‪D‬ه‪ِ(َH‬‬ ‫ن َ[َا ِ‬‫ن و‪َ!َ1‬دَ) َ‬
‫ن اَ َ‪ W‬آ)ا ‪/َ!َ1‬ءَ) َ‬ ‫‪ ,‬آَ‪ Wَ %  %ِd‬ا‪/2‬ءِ‪ -D!+ ،‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪)*ُ ْ3% E‬آِ ‪.‬‬ ‫وا‪ِ ََC‬‬
‫‪َ َV 3‬ةٍ‪ ،‬و"
ْ ِ*‪:ِ(َDD8‬‬
‫'َ(َ وِ\ َد ِة اِ‪َ َ[َ ،ِH‬تْ إ@ِ ا ِ*َ(ُ ِ‪ِ َC‬‬
‫ك و=َ!َ‪U , ،ِD8 *َG‬ا ا َ)َ ُ& ََُْ‪َZ ُ@ُ8‬ءٌ ‪,‬‬
‫‰ '*‪ % -‬أ'ْ ِ‬
‫‪ 6ََ1 -‬أنْ =َ‪&َG‬ي ا َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ -*' Hََ ُ@D‬رِ‪!ِ@َ*t‬‬
‫'َ*ِ@ِ‪ ،‬و\ أ‪p ُl‬‬
‫ َ‪ ْ
َ9‬ا‪ُ /aD‬ء َ‪ َ(َC‬أ‪ٍ 1‬م وَ َ‪َ W‬لٍ‪َ َ ] ،‬أ‪ ,  D‬ا‪ ِ(1 2‬ا"!ََ‪  ِِ8َِ ْ
َC‬وَ‪ْ
D‬‬
‫اَ)) َد  ِ‪ ِ &2 َt 0‬ا‪U‬ي 'َ‪ٍ ' َ(َL% َ D‬م‪.‬‬

‫‪191‬‬
 ‫‪ ً1َ= 3‬و‪َ t ْ
َCَ4‬ر=ُ  )ا‪ ُ(CL (ُ(D1&CD/‬اَِ‪ ،‬وَ&ًا ِ‪.(-a8ُ%) ُ@ْ!D‬‬ ‫ َ‪ِ َ%Cِ ُ &َ C‬‬
‫‪ I‬اَ‪ .ُ H‬و ‪ &َ C‬أنْ‬
‫‪ K‬وَ‪ ْKُْَ1 ْ0‬اَ‪ ،ُH‬و‪ -a8ُ% -Hَ%‬وَ‪ِ ْ1 ْ0‬‬ ‫آَُ َ ‪ -a8ُ%‬وََ َ‬
‫ن ‪&َt‬وى‪ْ
َ/ِnَ1 ،‬‬ ‫=َ‪ُ ْ
َِC‬أ ‪p‬م اَ‪ ْ3% ِ H‬ز‪َ 1‬ر ِة أ‪ ِ(َ+ْ4‬ا‪.‬و ِء * ً ِ‪ ْaH‬وَ&ِه دَو َ‬
‫‰‪.‬‬ ‫وأ*ََ
ْ أَ‪ًV‬ا أ‪َ%‬ه ِ‬
‫ب‬
‫\ 'ِ&َ‪ُ ُ Uُ ُVk= %‬أ‪ ُ@p%‬إ‪ ِ(ََ!َ' -‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ 7‬اَ‪ ْ3' ُ H‬ا‪p8‬اخِ‪ ،‬و\ ‪ُ& َ1‬أ إ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ,‬ا‪Dm‬ر‪p D9َ1 \ ِ(َ1‬‬
‫ح وه)‬ ‫ن ‪ِ َ َa‬‬
‫ن ‪ِ !Gِ,‬‬ ‫ن ‪ِ !َ9ِ+4‬‬‫ك 'َ ِ‬ ‫و=َ‪ , ُ@ُCَ$‬ا‪ ِ(َ*ُC‬ا‪9‬ر=)(ِ‪ ُ@َ ُ 8َ= .‬إذْ ذا َ‬
‫ح‬
‫ق و‪ ُ@ُ t‬و‪&1‬و َ‪ً&C‬ا ‪ ِ@َِ, ْ3% 0ِ ]D‬ا)اِ ِ‪ W‬اَ‪ِ )!a‬‬ ‫ن‪ُ ِ Hُ1 .‬‬
‫‪Hُ1‬هِ ُ& ا ‪D‬ر َة واا َ‬
‫ƒ ‪Wُ َ*َ1‬‬
‫ج وا ِ ُ‬ ‫‪ ،ٍ1َ% ٍ L E‬واُ<طُ ا*‪ُ mِ D‬‬ ‫ن ‪ ًZ)aَ% ُ ُ CَZ‬آَ‪ِ ]َm‬‬‫'*‪ -‬ا&‪D‬وا ِم‪ .‬آ َ‬
‫'*‪ ِ@ِ=َ َHَ -‬ا&‪D‬اآ(ِ‪.‬‬
‫‪ $َ1‬اَ‪ ُ H‬ا‪َ  D‬ر أ‪َ %‬م ا‪Dm‬ر‪ , ِ(َ1‬ا‪ 2 َG‬وا‪ِ ُ6‬ر واَ ِد واََِ‪ Wُ َ,&َ1 ،‬رأَ@ُ‬
‫š َر"ْ‪ َ(َ8‬ا‪ِ َG‬ة '*‪-‬‬ ‫و`َ& َر ُ إ‪ -‬ا‪ِ %.‬م ‪p ُ َ1 0D ُj‬دهُ ‪ََ+ ,‬آ(ٍ دا‪ ٍ(C1َ ٍ(َِL‬آ‪ُ ُ"َ1 Dk‬‬
‫ن ‪ Wَ %‬ا‪.ِ H‬‬ ‫ت "َ*ِ@ِ اُ!‪ ُ ُUُVk= -a8% -D!+ .ِ(َِ+d‬ه‪ ِ U‬ا‪ََG‬آ(ُ أ‪ُ )91 %َ&' ً +‬‬ ‫َد"‪ِ D‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ن !‪p‬ا ِ‬ ‫ض و‪ِ C*َ1‬‬ ‫ن ا‪.‬ر َ‬ ‫ƒ ‪ِ Hِ1 ،ُ@َC%‬‬ ‫ب ا‪U‬ي ‪ُ ِ*1‬‬ ‫ه)ا)‪ 3َ &ُ +‬أو\ ِد ا ‪&D‬رْ ِ‬
‫ت‬
‫ت و ‪)`k‬ا ٍ‬ ‫ت وا‪Z.‬را ِ‬ ‫ن ‪َ[D‬ا ِ‬ ‫‪ E‬اَ‪ِ jD&َGَ!َ1 ،ِ1&8‬‬ ‫ك و'ُ*َ ِ‬ ‫وا‪)'.‬ا ِد وا‪ِ d.‬‬
‫ل‬
‫‪ 0ُ 2*َ9ُ1 .3‬اَ‪َ D‬‬
‫‪ُ َ]  َُ aَ1 \ ٍ(ََ$َ!ُ%‬هُ‪ -D!+ ،‬أ`َ‪ ْ
َG‬ه‪ Wَ َ% ُ@ُ+ ِ U‬ا‪َ 1V.‬‬
‫\ إذا‬
‫‪ٍ dَ9ِ K‬م إ ‪D‬‬ ‫ن ِ‪ ِ@ََC‬و‪ ِ@َِt+‬و‪ ،ِ@1َ&َ1‬و\ ‪ُ ُَ1‬‬ ‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ ُa‬‬ ‫وا<‪D$‬رَ و ‪ Wَ ِL‬ا‪ 0ِ ْGَa‬و`‪َ ِ+‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ -42‬إ‪ -‬ا ِ  ا‪U‬ي \ ‪ُ1‬ا‪ُ ِ,‬‬ ‫=َ‪َ UD َC‬ر ا‪ .ُ@ُِ<ُ1 ْ3% -*' 0ُ ْ َa‬و=َ[ُ ُ ا‪ِ َCِ ُ(D1&CD/‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ل ا‪ D‬رِ أ‪َ %‬م ا‪Dm‬ر‪ Wَ % ِ(َ1‬اَ‪ ،ِH‬اُ‪ &ِ َC‬ا[‪ِ 1D‬‬ ‫‪َ ) A‬‬ ‫ا‪.‬و\ َد إ‪ -‬اَ‪m‬ا ِ‪p َ[َ1 ْAَ ،ِA‬‬
‫ي ‪.ِ@َ*َ' ِ ََV‬‬ ‫‪A‬أ ‪D‬‬ ‫و`َ&‪ ِ@ِ1‬ا‪U‬ي \ ‪ُ 29َHُ1‬‬
‫س اَ&‪ ِ(1‬أ )ا َ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪&َ% ِ@, B‬ار ُ‬ ‫
ا‪U‬ي =َ‪ُ َ!a‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا)" ُ‬ ‫‪ 7‬وا‪ p َG‬وا‪َG‬ا‪ ،ُKL‬و‪D َ+‬‬ ‫َو‪ -D‬ا‪ُ D8‬‬
‫‪ , A‬ا<َ‪ِ d‬ء ا‪U‬ي‬ ‫‪ٍ ََ' -*' 3‬‬ ‫‪ِ َ%' A‬‬ ‫‪َ " !َُ 3‬‬
‫ أ‪  َ=َ ُ+ ْ
َGَ!َ, ً$1‬ا*‪ِ َ!D‬‬ ‫‪َ &َ%‬رَ(ُ ا‪2 َG‬‬
‫‪ ِ(َ ] ْ3' 3‬اَ*‪)p‬طِ‪ .‬أ‪Uَ َV‬تْ ا‪ -a8ُ% ُ(D1&CD/‬إ ‪ ،‬وأ'َ
ْ ِ*ُ‪ 0ِ 2*َC‬دَز‪َ(َ1‬‬ ‫‪ A‬اَ‪/‬آِ َ‬ ‫‪ُ ِ8aَ1‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫‪َ 0D ُj .3‬د'َ
ْ ا*‪ َ@D‬أنْ ‪& ُ1‬ي `َ‪َ6‬ه و‪َ َ!a1‬‬ ‫‪ ٍ َZ A‬أو ‪ِ 1َ َZ‬‬ ‫ ووَ' َ&=ْ@ُ ِِ‪ ,  ِ*:‬آُ ‪2‬‬
‫ َ ٍ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪،َ3GِtD‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬أو ا‪ِ ِ.‬ء أو اُ ْ&ِ َ‬ ‫‪ ْ3% B‬اُ&‪َ 11‬‬ ‫"َ*َ@ُ و'َ*َ@ُ '*‪ -‬ا&‪2‬راَ(ِ ‪َ ِ8ُ1 -D!+‬‬

‫‪192‬‬
 ‫‪3‬‬
‫‰ ‪ 2 َZ ْ3% ُ@ُ[َaGَ1‬ا‪ِ َC‬‬
‫‪ .E‬أ ُ‬
‫ن إ‪ -‬ه‪ ِ U‬اَا=ِ ِ‬
‫ن ا‪َ T‬‬
‫ن ‪َ )*ِ8َ1‬‬‫‪k,‬و\ ُد ا‪َُa‬ا ِء ا‪G‬ذ") َ‬
‫و‪ 0ُ َ' &َ ِCُ1‬أو\ َد ا‪َG‬ا ِم!‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ِ d9‬م و‪ , &َ َt‬ا& َرَ(ِ أو\دًا آَ‪:‬ي اَ‪ ِ ْ9‬وا‪ِ dَ9‬م‪ .‬آُ*‪D‬‬ ‫‪َ 3‬وَ َ& ا‪ِ َ َa‬ة اَ* َ‬‫َ‪D ِ9‬‬
‫ج!" وآُ*‪َ )` ْ
ّ"mD ََ= D‬رةٌ ‪ْ3%‬‬ ‫ع "َ*َ‪ ٌ0‬أو إ`َْ ُ‪)+` َ Zَ W‬ا "‪)H2!َ,‬ا ِوْ َ& ا‪ِ 'R‬‬ ‫‪َ 4‬‬
‫ت وا‪" ،ٍ&ِ+‬إ‪ ُ@D‬وِ ُ&‬ ‫ج َ)ا‪ ِ Uِ ِ,‬ا‪)+` ِ(َC‬ا َ‪ٍ )َ8‬‬ ‫ن ا‪ ،ِ7D8‬أو =َ‪ 0َ DَG‬زُ‪ُ t‬‬ ‫'*‪&ُt -‬را ِ‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫‪ ِ Uِ ِ E‬ا‪ ،ِ(َ) p/‬واُ‪ُ ِU‬‬ ‫ح ِ*‪ِ ):ُC‬ر '*‪ -‬اُ‪ِ ِU‬‬ ‫ا‪َ '.‬جِ‪ \ ،‬أ‪ "!ُ َ َ] &َ َ+‬واُ‪ُ =َ1 0ُ 2*C‬‬
‫ل ‪&ُ1 ًnZ‬ا‪Dَ .ِ@ِ/aَ ْ3' ِ@ِ Wُ ِ,‬‬
‫ن أنْ ‪َ )َ1‬‬‫ت 'َ*َ@ِ دو َ‬ ‫ل ا‪ُ  )ُC‬‬
‫دا‪ .-a8ُ% ًL‬و=َ  ُ‬
‫‪ُ@ََ, K‬‬ ‫ب ‪ 0َ D*َCَ!َ, ،ًaَ'$ُ%‬أنْ ‪َ ِ*6َ1‬‬ ‫ل َ@ُ ا‪َ ِC‬‬
‫‪ E‬اُ‪ ِ@*َ' 0ُ 2*C‬وآ َ‬
‫‪ً D َ% r‬ة إزدا َد ]َ‪ُ َ$‬‬ ‫ل َذِ َ‬ ‫‪+‬و َ‬
‫‪ Wَ %‬ا‪ِ ِ9‬ر‪.‬‬
‫‪ E‬أنْ‬ ‫‪َ َ ْ!َ, -a8ُ% $َ1‬ة ا‪ِ!R‬ا‪ , ِ(َ+‬اَي‪ ُ(َ+/, ،‬ا!ُا ‪ ُ(D‬واِ‪ ،ٌ(َC‬وه) ‪p ِGُ1‬‬
‫ع اُ!َ‪ِ َ ِH‬ة ِ ‪ .‬هِ ِ‪ِ U‬‬
‫‪ ِ@ِ!َ%mَِ mَ ِaَ1‬اِ‪ ِ(DD‬ا‪)D/‬دا ِء ا! =َ=َ‪ Wُ ِa‬إ‪ -‬رُآَ!َ@ِ ‪ ,‬ا!‪ِ َ p‬‬
‫‪ ْ3' r‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد ِ‪)2َ/ُ1 dَn‬ا @ُ‬ ‫ َأ‪ &ُ 1ُ1 ُ@D‬ا‪َ Cِ! R‬د ‪ %‬أ‪َ ُ@ََ9%‬ذِ َ‬
‫وا‪&ِ+‬ةٌ‪ .‬أ‪ D%‬ا‪َ , ،ُ(:‬‬
‫‪.A‬‬‫‪ِ aُ= \ E‬ر"ُ@ُ و=ُ‪ِ d‬ز‪َ dُ% ُ@ُ%‬ز‪ َ(َ%‬ا[‪ِ D‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬اَ!'ِ َ‬‫‪D ِ9َ . ْَ' -‬‬
‫‪ً &1&َt E‬ة ه) ‪ً ِ] ,‬‬ ‫‪َ ِ'!َ%‬‬
‫ح ‪ ِ@,‬آَ ُهُ‪0‬‬
‫ب ا‪ ِ(َD/‬ا‪ ِ(َD:‬وأو"َ‪َ ` .ُ )a‬‬
‫‪ ,‬أ‪ &ِ +‬ا‪ِ D1.‬م =ََ‪ ْ3% ٌ(َ'َt ُ@ْ!C‬آِ ِر ‪ِ d‬‬
‫‪:7‬‬‫ذو ا‪ ِ ْCDH‬ا‪ِ :َ9‬‬
‫ج! أ"أْ!‬
‫
‪ 1‬وِ& ا‪ِ َ '.‬‬
‫‪ -‬إ َ‬
‫ل ‪ٍ َ َGِ -a8ُ%‬ة‪:‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫‪% -‬ذا أ"أُ؟‬
‫‪ -‬أ"أْ اُ‚ن‪ُ ِ+ 1 ،‬ر!‬
‫ل ‚‪:ٍ(َ1<ُ/ِ ُ َV‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫‪ -!َ% -‬رأ‪ 0ُ!1‬أ ْ‪َُ1 0َ َ9‬أ اُ‚نَ؟!‬
‫‪:3‬‬
‫‪ِ َ!َِ َZ 3‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪ِ ََCِ ُ@ُk/َ1 ِ CDH‬‬
‫‪ ُ(Dَ  K‬ا!‪َ ' .Uِ %dD‬د آَ‪ُ :‬‬
‫‪ ْ
َ9ِGَ$َ,‬اَ'َ(ُ‪ ،‬وا!َ‪َ َG‬‬

‫‪193‬‬
 ‫س ا!‪ِrَD‬؟!‬
‫ن ‪ 1‬رأ َ‬
‫‪ -‬أ\ =َ‪ ُ}َaG‬ا‚ َ‬
‫ب اَ‪:ُ 8‬‬
‫ح ا‪ُ &َ +.‬‬
‫` َ‬
‫ك ‪ٌ@َ,‬؟‬
‫ل أنْ أ  َ‬
‫‪ -‬وِذا =َ) ُ‬
‫َر ‪D‬د ‪:-a8ُ%‬‬
‫ن آُ*‪!ُ@D‬‬
‫‪ -‬هَ ِ‪ ِ U‬ه ا‪ .ُ(َG‬أ  ‪ ُ}َaGَ1 ٌ@َ,‬اُ‚ َ‬
‫ل ا‪aD‬ف‪:‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫ك!‬
‫ƒ واِ ُ& َ‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪َ َ ُ@َa‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫ن و" َ‬
‫ع ا‪.‬ذ ِ‬
‫‪&َ% r‬و ُ‬
‫‪َ ِGَ4‬‬
‫ن أ'َ‪ ،ًt‬هَ‪Uَ9‬ا!‬
‫ك آ َ‬
‫‪ .r‬أ ) َ‬
‫ج ُأ‪َ 2%‬‬
‫‪ -‬ه) زَو ُ‬
‫ل ‪:-a8ُ%‬‬
‫"َ َ@َ ا‪.‬و\ ُد ' ً َ‪ &َ D*َ" D‬ا)َ ُ& ‪ َ(َHِ%‬ا‪َ '.‬جِ‪َ َ, ،‬‬
‫ن!‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ َ@َa‬ه) أ  ا‪َ T‬‬
‫‪ -‬أَ' ِفُ‪َ 29َ ،‬‬
‫‪" E‬ا‪:"ُ(َ%dC‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ*َ‪ُ D‬‬
‫ل ا) ُ& ا)‪ُ 1‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫ƒ ‪.ً َ,‬‬
‫‪ -‬ه) َ َ‬
‫‪ًِV I‬ا‪.‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ َ'.‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ن @ُ ِ‪ ً(َG‬و‪ ً *ُt‬أ َ َ‬
‫‪ -‬ه) ‪D . ٌ@َ,‬‬
‫‪:3‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا ِرزَ‪ِ 1‬‬
‫‪" A‬ا‪ "1%a‬ذو ا‪ِ َ D‬‬
‫=َ َ&‪َ DV‬‬
‫ل إ‪ ٌ@َ, ُ@D‬آَ‪DU‬ابٌ‪.‬‬
‫
أ‪  p1‬ا‪ !-'.‬أ  ‪ُ )َ1‬‬
‫‪ -‬أُ‪ ْ
ُ9‬أ َ‬
‫‪:E‬‬
‫َر ‪D‬د ‪ٍ َ$َ6ِ -a8ُ%‬‬
‫ƒ آَ‪DU‬ا ً!‬
‫‪ -‬ه) َ َ‬

‫‪194‬‬
 ‫خ ‪ ,‬وَ‪:ِ@ِ t‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ ،-a8ُ% َ(َ َt‬و`َ َ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬رأَ@ُ ِ!َ‪َ َ%\ -D!+ &2 َG‬‬
‫ب ذو ا‪ِ َ D‬‬
‫"َ ‪َ D‬‬
‫ب إذنْ! َأِِ‪0ُ!C‬؟‬
‫‪ -‬أ  ه) ا‪DUَ9‬ا ُ‬
‫‪ -a8ُِ 3‬وأََ@ُ‬
‫‪ r‬ذو ا‪ِ َ D‬‬
‫‪َ َ/%k, ،َ32َ!Gُ% 3‬‬
‫ح اَ ُ‪ W‬و`َ‪َa‬وا ‪َ 1ِ9َ!/ُ%‬‬
‫‪َ 8َ,‬‬
‫ض وار=َ‪.ِ@َ*َ' -‬‬
‫ ِ‪َ َG‬آَ(ٍ َ‪ ْ3% ٍ(َC1‬رِ‪ -*' ِ@ِ*t‬ا‪.‬رْ ِ‬
‫ت ا!‪:Wِ HD‬‬
‫وار=َ‪ ْ
َCَa‬أ`)ا ُ‬
‫‪!K‬‬
‫‪ -‬إ'ِْ@ِ ‪p ِGَ!/َِ1 %‬‬
‫‪!3‬‬
‫‪ َ(َِ"' ُ@ْ2*َ' -‬ا!‪ -*' ِ ُD‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد اُ‪َ %ََ!G‬‬
‫ب!‬
‫‪ -‬إ‪p! ُ@ََ, ْu%‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ -‬إ ْ‪ ِ@ِ=َ DV% -*' ْKِ8‬اَ  َء!‬
‫ح أ‪&ُ َ+‬هُ‪:0‬‬
‫و‪ً kَْ,‬ة ` َ‬
‫‪!َ]1 ،1%, 1 r‬‬
‫‪ -‬أَُ‪ِ " 0ُ 2*َC‬دمٌ‪ .‬إ ْ ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪Dm‬اَ(ِ؟‬
‫ل ‪ 1‬ا َ‬
‫‪% -‬ذا =َ) ُ‬
‫‪َ 1 r‬وَ&ُ‪ ،‬أَُ‪ِ " 0ُ 2*َC‬دمٌ!‬
‫‪ -‬إ ْ ِ‬
‫ت‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪ ،ُ02*َC‬ا‪U‬ي َو‪َHَ' &َ َt‬ا ِ‬ ‫‪[!ُ% ِ@ََ' B‬هًِا ‪ِ 9‬ء 'ِ&َ‪ %‬و`َ َ‬ ‫ َ&َأ ا‪ُ َ/َْ1 1%a‬‬
‫ق‬
‫ا‪ ُ Hُ= Wِ ِ `.‬إ‪ .-a8ُ% -‬أ*ََ
ْ ا‪ ُ ِtَG‬زَ'َ  =َ‪ ُ@Dk &ُ َ ْH‬ه) ا[‪ 0ُ ِD‬ا‪ُ DD/‬‬
‫ن‪ .‬إ‪َ !V‬ر اُ‪ ْ3% ً(َjdj 0ُ 2*َC‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد ا‪ِ 1)".‬ء وأ‪َ Z‬ر إ ِ‪)َk, 0‬ا ‪-*' -a8ُ%‬‬ ‫ِ*‪&ُC‬وا ِ‬
‫‪ ِ ِ َl‬و‪)C*َV‬ا ‪ ُ@َ!َ%mt‬و َ‪)8‬ا َِ‪U‬ا َر=ِ  و َر‪)Cَ,‬ا "َ َ&‪َ .ِ@َ%‬ر‪ Wَ َ,‬اُ‪ ُ 8َ' 0ُ 2*َC‬وأ‪َ َ%‬هُ‪ 0‬أنْ‬
‫ت‪:‬‬
‫‪p&ُCَ1‬وا ا‪ِ  D$‬‬
‫ن ‪.....‬‬
‫‪ -‬وا‪ ،ٌ&ِ+‬إ‪ِ j‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫وهَ‪Uَ9‬ا ‪)6َ*َ -D!+‬ا 'ِ‪َ 1H‬‬

‫‪195‬‬
 ‫‪ ِ@ِ1&َ` ِ(َ,ِ 3‬ا‪ِ " ُ َ] ) , ،H‬د ٍر '*‪ -‬اَ‪،H‬‬
‫"َ‪ , -a8ُ% &َ َC‬ا‪Dm‬ر‪ِ ِ%)1 ِ(َ1‬‬
‫‪.r‬‬
‫وَ‪ ْWِtَ1 ْ0‬ا‪ -‬اَ& َرَ(ِ َ‪َ &َ C‬ذِ َ‬
‫‪ .‬وَ‪ ْ€َ*َ= ْ0‬ا‪ُ D/‬ء أنْ‬ ‫=ََ‪ ْ
َCD‬ا‪ ُƒDH‬آ<َ*‪ -‬وَرا َء ا‪ِ َ6‬م ‪ ,‬ه‪U‬ا اَ) ِم ا<َ‪2 a1‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ه‪U‬ا َ‪ ْWََ1 ْ0‬ا‪ ْ3ِ% َ(َDD8‬و‪ Wِ ْ4‬اَ‪ ِ H‬أ‪َ %‬م‬
‫‪ ْ3% A‬اََِ‪D ِ9َ ،‬‬ ‫أر'َ َ&تْ ‪َ Uِ ُ%‬ر ًة ِ)ا ِ ِ‬
‫ن )‪&َْ+‬ان( ا‪ِ D‬ر‪D َ َ, ْ
َD*َ .‬د‬‫ا‪Dm‬ر‪ .ِ(َ1‬أ‪َ ْ&ََ, -a8ُ% D%‬أ‪ ُ@ْ=Uَ َV‬ا‪ ُ(D1&CD/‬إ‪ -‬دُآ ِ‬
‫ا!َ‪:ْ
" 0D ُj ،َ(DG‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ك  ِ‪َ" 0‬ا َ!ِ َ‬
‫‪& 1 r‬ي ‪&َْ+‬ان! إ"َ*ْ@ُ 'ِ َ& َ‬ ‫‪َ 1&َ1 3‬‬
‫‪ -‬ه‪U‬ا َوَ&ي ا)َ‪ ،ُ&+‬إ‪َ َ ُ@ْ*َCt‬‬
‫ك!‬‫‪ r‬و‪َ َ َV ُ ِ:9ُ1‬‬
‫‰ ‪ُ1‬ز‪َ 1‬‬
‫ِ*َ‪ِ )+‬م واِ ِ& ِ! 'َ*‪ ُ@ُ2‬ا‪ ،َ(َ,ِْG‬أ ُ‬
‫َو‪&D َ%‬تْ إَ@ِ ُِز‪ َ َ[ََ, ،ٌَ  , ٍ(َ%‬إ‪ -‬ا َ)َ ِ& و‪:َ D9َ,‬‬
‫‪" -‬هَ‪َ ` ْA‬ر دُآ ‪!1uِ kً *َ%‬مِ؟"‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫‪َ  A‬ر=َ@ُ اَ*‪ َ(َ,)a‬ا َ)ِ<َ(َ‪ ،‬و" َ‬
‫‪ 0D َj‬أ‪َ َCZ‬‬
‫‪ !ً %َ= r‬آَ‪ُ ُ' ْ0‬كَ؟‬
‫‪َ 1 r‬وَ&ي! إ'!َِ آَ‪َ 2َC‬‬
‫‪َ ِ d‬‬
‫‪ -‬أَه ً‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪:ُ(D1&CD/‬‬
‫‪ُ ُ!َ,‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ A‬واِ ِ& ِ‪ .‬ه) ‪ِ +‬ذقٌ ‪ ,‬آُ ‪2‬‬ ‫ت ‪&1‬ي ‪&َْ+‬ان وه) `َ)رٌ و"َ)عٌ ‪ُ :ِ%‬‬ ‫‪)ََ َj -‬ا ٍ‬
‫‪ ُ@ََ, B‬إذا َ‪.ُ@ْk/َ= ْ0‬‬
‫‪ِ dَ9 r‬م أ َ&ًا ‪)َV ُ@D.‬لٌ \ ‪ُ َ!aَ1‬‬
‫‪َZ‬ءٍ‪ ،‬وَ‪َ َِ'mُ1 ْ3‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ح و‪&َ1‬اه ‪ِ !َ+)!aَ%‬‬ ‫‪ ْ3% K‬ا‪ِ َ َa‬‬‫ت ‪ ٍ 9ُZ‬أُ‪V‬ى‪ ،‬و=َ‪ $‬و"َ*ُ  ‪ُ ُa<َ1‬‬ ‫‪ِ' 7‬را ِ‬ ‫‪ُ $ُ= 0D ُj‬‬
‫ن أ'‪ -‬ا‪ُ DD‬ر‬ ‫‪ِ&َ)َ َ K‬ه‪ .‬و‪َ ] َ+‬د َرتْ ا ‪&p‬آ‪َ D‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا ِ&ا‪ َ(َ1‬وا!‪َ ,)D‬‬
‫إ‪ -‬ا‪D/‬ءِ‪ُ ُ*َ= ،‬‬
‫ل‬
‫‪&َ+‬ان ُِ‪ ً(َ"َ ِ% -aَ8‬و`َ&و"ً ‪ً )*َ% ًDَHَV‬ء َ‪ ِ %/‬اُ‪ ِ(َ*َCَ!/‬اِ‪ ِ(Dt)َ C‬و" َ‬
‫َ@ُ‪:‬‬
‫‪! ْ+2 َ -‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا[‪ ِ p‬وَ[َ َ إ‪ِ(َ!َ -‬‬
‫ض ‪ ْ3%‬أ]ا‪ .ِ@ِ4‬وَ‪َ ' D‬د "َُ َ‬
‫‪&َ+ -$َ%‬ان َِ‪ِ $‬ء ]َ َ ٍ‬

‫‪196‬‬
 ‫خ ‪َ ,‬و‪:ِ@ِ ْt‬‬
‫ƒ ‪UِGِ -aَ8ُ%‬ا‪ ِ@ِL‬ا‪ ِ}*َ6‬و`َ َ َ‬
‫‪َ A‬ر‪َ َ,‬‬
‫ا‪ِ ََC‬‬
‫
ِ!ُ‪ 1 َ/ِ*a‬وِ& ا‪َ'.‬ج!‬
‫ت! ‪َ nِt‬‬
‫‰! أر َ‪ , َ %/َ% ُ(َC‬أر َ ِ‪ٍ ' W‬‬
‫‪َ Z % -‬ء ا ُ‬
‫
ا‪&َ6‬ا ِء ' َد ‪ -aَ8ُ%‬إ‪ -‬زَر‪ ٍ(َ9َ ُ% -ُ1 &ٍ َِ ِ@ِ!َ1‬و ُ‪/‬ى ‪2 )َ َ!ُ%‬ر‪ٍ(َ%‬‬ ‫‪ A‬و" ُ‬‫'ِ&َ‪ّD َ+ %‬‬
‫ت‪.‬‬‫‪ ْ3% ٍ(َ%+‬آَ‪ِ َ :‬ة ‪ %‬هَ)ى 'َ*َ  ِ َ"َ(ِ ا‪ ِ(D1&1&َG‬ا‪ َ(َ* ِ(َ*D:‬أر َ ِ‪ٍ ' W‬‬
‫‪ A‬ه‪U‬ا‬ ‫ع َ‪ D‬رأى أ` َ َ‪ -aَ8ُ% W‬اُ!َ َ) ‪2‬ر‪ .َ(َ%‬و َد‪َ َV‬‬ ‫إ]َو َر"َ
ْ 'َ اَ‪ِ )%p& ِ H‬‬
‫‪ &ٍ َِ A‬وا‪ٍ &َ ِ+‬ة‪.‬‬
‫ƒ إ‪ -‬ا‪ِ &L‬ة ‪k1‬آُ ُ‬‫و‪َ َ*َt‬‬
‫\ أ‪،ْAَCaَ1 ْ0َ ُ@D‬‬
‫ن ‪&َ+‬ان ا‪َ DD‬ر ه) ا‪ُ1 ُ VT‬دِ‪" ِ@1‬وِ& ا‪'.‬ج"‪ ،‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫هَ ‪ 0D‬أنْ ‪ُ َ ِ<ُ1‬أ‪ ُ@D%‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫ƒ ‪:ُ@َ/aَ 0ُ 2*َ9ُ1‬‬
‫و‪َ *َt‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% A‬ا‪)p*َG‬ف‪ ،‬اُ‪،Uُa‬‬
‫‪ E‬أ‪ُ َ$,‬‬
‫س! ‪ُ ََ*,‬‬
‫ج ‪َ k \ .ً Dَ+‬‬
‫ن أ' َ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬أ @ِ‪ ،‬وأ ) ُ آ َ‬
‫‪ " -‬ه) إ ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا)‪ ،ِ(َ%‬ا‪Dm‬وار‪ ،‬ا‪ ،1%a‬ا‪". ..... ُ(%dC‬‬ ‫'َ ُ‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫ƒ َ@ُ =َ‪p)َ8‬رٌ ِ آ
ْ 'َ*@ِ هَ‪ ُ@ُ!َn‬و"‪ ُ@ُ!َ%‬و‪ُ ِ%dَ%‬‬ ‫إ‪Uَ َ!َ1 \ ُ@D‬آ‪ ْ3' ًnَZ ُ D‬وا ِ& ِ وَ َ‬
‫‪ ُ@َُ*Cَ1 % A‬ا َ)َ ُ&‬ ‫ك ‪ ِ@ِ%' , -a8ُ%‬ا‪ .:‬آُ ‪D‬‬ ‫ت و=َ َ َ‬
‫
ََ)ا ٍ‬ ‫‪2 ِ A‬‬ ‫ "َ َ‬
‫وَ‪َ 2,)= ْ& .ِ@ِ t‬‬
‫ن إ‪&+‬ى "َ@ِ آ
ْ ‪،ٍEَHَV ْ3ِ%‬‬ ‫ب اءِ‪ ،‬وأ ‪D‬‬‫ن "ُ َ‬ ‫ن ‪+‬رِ ً ‪ٍ m<َ% ,‬‬ ‫'‪ ْ3‬واِ ِ& ِ أ‪ ُ@D‬آ َ‬
‫ن‪ .‬هَ‪ُ ْA‬د‪Wَ % ْ
ِِ,‬‬ ‫ق ا‪َ T‬‬ ‫ ا‪ُ D/‬‬
‫‪3‬ه َ‬ ‫\ ‪&َ1‬ري إنْ آ
ْ اُ‪ -‬أمْ اُ‪/‬ى‪ .‬آَ \ ‪&َ1‬ري أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ج‬
‫ن أ'ْ َ َ‬ ‫واِ ِ&ِ؟ ه‪ُ  ْ!َ' ْA‬أ‪ُ@p%‬؟ هَ‪ ْ=kDَV ْA‬؟ وِذا =ُ<َ‪kp‬ه؟ وه) \ ‪&َ1‬ري أ‪ ً $1‬إنْ آ َ‬
‫ق ‪ً ")َZ‬‬‫‪ ،ِ3َ!َGGَ` 3‬أ‪Z‬ءٌ آَ‪ِ :‬ةٌ ‪ ، ُ*َ َ1‬و‪ُ D َGَ!َ1‬‬ ‫ن ِ‪ِ َ"/‬‬ ‫ج أ‪ ُ@D%‬أمْ آ َ‬‫'ِ&َ‪D mَ= %‬و َ‬
‫‪ُ 3‬أ‪ ُ@ُj&2 َGُ= \ ُ@D%‬أ َ&ًا '‪ ْ3‬أ @ِ‪ ،‬وه) \ ‪ُ َ1‬ؤ‬ ‫َِ‪D ِ9َ ، ِ!َ,ِ C‬‬
‫ح أ‪.ِ@ِkHِ  َ*َ' ٍ(َ*n‬‬
‫'*‪ِ َ -‬‬
‫ف أر‪ٍ َ [َِ ُ@ْ!ََ,‬ة ` ِر‪:ٍ(َ%‬‬
‫ت ‪Š t‬‬
‫"
ْ ا‪ٍ )َ8ِ ُ(D1&CD/‬‬
‫‪ !r‬هَ‪!D‬‬
‫‰ وا‪ُ V‬جْ إ‪َ ِ*ََ' -‬‬
‫
‪ ْ&ِْ+,‬ا َ‬
‫ق ‪ ,‬ا‪CD‬مِ؟ إذا ‪َ ْCَِZ‬‬
‫‪ُ &2 َGُ= r‬‬
‫‪َ َ% -‬‬
‫ƒ ُهَ(ً ‪9Gَ1‬‬
‫ج‪َ َ*t .‬‬
‫‰ و‪َ َ َV‬‬
‫‪ K‬أ` ِ‪ ِ@ِ/ِ*ِ ُ@َC‬و‪ &َ ََ+‬ا َ‬ ‫‪ -a8ُ% kَ k‬رأَ@ُ وَ‪َ ِC‬‬
‫‪.A‬‬
‫ِ*َ‪ ْ3' ِ H‬ا‪ِ DD‬ر واَ‪ِ ََC*ِ َ@Dt)َ َ= 0D َj ،ِ%/‬‬

‫‪197‬‬
‫‪) &C &G%‬ن‪8!ِ ) ،‬ف( ‪)H%‬رات '‪9‬ظ‪ ،‬ا ط ا‪6‬ب ‪ .1992‬ص‪-7‬‬
‫‪12‬‬

‫أٌ ل ا‪:‬‬

‫أ‪ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أ‪ ْ $%‬ا‪ ِ #‬ا"!‪:‬‬
‫ت وا&ُ؟‬
‫ن ' ُ ‪َ % %َ&ِ' -a8ُ%‬‬
‫‪ .1‬آَ‪ ْ0‬آ ِ‬
‫‪ A‬ا)اِ&ِ؟‬
‫‪% .2‬ذا آن 'َ ُ‬
‫‪ .3‬هَ‪D mَ= ْA‬و‪ ْ
َt‬ا‪ً(j ُ(D1&CD/‬؟‬
‫ن ‪-a8ُ%‬؟‬
‫ن ‪َ )2َ*ُ1‬‬
‫ن ا‪VT‬و َ‬
‫‪% .4‬ذا آ َ‬
‫‪ d‬وَ َ&تْ ا‪ُ(DD8‬؟‬
‫‪ .5‬آَ‪ً aِ ْ0‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا)"
ِ؟‬
‫ن 'ُُه ‪َ ,‬ذِ َ‬
‫‪ .6‬آَ‪ ْ0‬آ َ‬
‫‪ِ .7‬ذا =َ َ‪ ْ
َCD,‬ا‪ , ُ(DD8‬آ‪ Wَ %  ِ%d‬ا‪ِ /2‬ء ‪ ,‬ا‪2G‬؟‬
‫
آَ
ْ ‪ًdِ%+‬؟‬
‫‪ 7‬آ
ْ =َ‪ H‬وَ" َ‬
‫‪ .8‬آَ َ‬
‫‪% .9‬ذا "
ْ ا *(ُ '‪ ْ3‬اَ)) ِد اَ&‪ِ&1‬؟‬
‫‪% .10‬ذا َ‪ ُ )p‬وِذا؟‬
‫‪َُ' 3‬ي ‪ -a8ُ%‬واَ‪ِH‬؟‬
‫ق َ َ‬
‫‪ .11‬آ‪ ً( ْ0‬ا‪ُ a‬‬
‫‪ .12‬أ‪ ُ p1‬أآَ ُ ِ‪ًD‬؟‬
‫‪ ِ(َ1َ , -a8ُ% َ Djk= 7‬آَ‪ِ@ِ%d‬؟‬
‫‪ ْ3َِ .13‬وآ َ‬
‫‪ُ@َ)َ+ 3‬؟‬
‫س ا‪َ 1U‬‬
‫ن ‪ 0ُ 2*َ9ُ1 -a8ُ%‬ا‪َ D‬‬
‫‪ 7‬آ َ‬
‫‪ .14‬آَ َ‬

‫‪198‬‬
 ‫‪ ْ
َِُ 3‬اَ& َرَ(ُ؟‬
‫‪ .15‬أَ‪َ 1‬‬
‫ب‪/ .‬اب أم ‪+,-‬؟ أُآ"ُْ ‪ /‬أُآ"ُ‪ $%‬ا‪ 8َ 9‬ا‪ !345ِ6 +,7‬ا‪.ِ R‬‬
‫ن َ ً‪.‬‬
‫‪ %َ&' .1‬أ‪Uَ َV‬تْ ا‪ ُ(D1&CD/‬وَ&َه َ*َ& َرَ(ِ آَ
ْ =ُ‪ ُ &ُ 1‬أنْ ‪َ )9َ1‬‬
‫‪ٍ &D ِHِ -a8ُ% E‬ة 'ِ&َ‪ %‬دا‪.ِ@ِ/aَ ْ3' Wَ َ,‬‬
‫‪َ ِ")' .2‬‬
‫‪ Wَ % E‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد‪.‬‬
‫ن ‪َ َ !َ, $َ1 -a8ُ%‬ة ا‪!R‬ا‪ِ ِCD* ِ(َ+‬‬
‫‪ .3‬آ َ‬
‫س اَ&‪.&َ 1‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪ -a8ُ% ْ3% ِ CDH‬أن ‪ََ1‬أ َ@ُ ا&‪D‬ر َ‬
‫‪ E‬ا)َ ُ& ا‪ُ :9‬‬
‫‪َ َ*َ .4‬‬
‫ن‪.‬‬
‫ن ‪ َ(DGَ4‬ا‪&ُC‬وا ِ‬
‫ن ‪ -a8ُ%‬آ َ‬
‫‪ , .5‬رأي ا‪.‬و\ ِد أ ‪D‬‬
‫ل‪.‬‬
‫ب ]َ ِ ا‪ِ C‬د ِ‬
‫‪َ ' .6‬د ‪ -a8ُ%‬إ‪ -‬ا& َرَ(َ ‪ &َ C‬ا‪ِ ِC‬‬
‫‪ِ !1uِ kَ*َ% B‬م‪.‬‬
‫ن َ!َ@ُ أ`َ َ‬
‫ل ا‪ ِ@ِ/aَ , ُ H‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ " .7‬‬
‫‪.E‬‬
‫ن َذْ ٍ‬
‫ع '&َ‪ %‬أ‪ ُ@ْ=َ V‬ا‪ ُ(D1&CD/‬أ‪&ِ ْ
َِ")'  D‬و ِ‬
‫‪ .8‬إ‪u!%‬تْ 'َ ‪&َ+‬ان &‪ِ )%p‬‬
‫ل ‪ &َ ِ' ِ@ِ*َ' ْ3%‬ا‪ِ DD‬ر‪.‬‬
‫ث َ@ُ ‪ ,‬اَ)م ا‪.‬و ‪2‬‬
‫‪ .9‬أ‪ -a8ُ% َ َV‬أ‪َ &َ َ+  ُ@D%‬‬
‫‪ .10‬آ
ْ ا‪ Wُ َ= ُ(D1&CD/‬اَ‪. ِ!َ*ِL' &َ ِ'/ُ!ِ َ %/‬‬
‫‪َ ِ(َ*ِ9Hُ% A‬وَ&ِه‪.‬‬
‫‪ ْ
َِCَ= .11‬ا‪ ْ3% ُ(DD8‬ز‪َ 1‬ر ِة أ‪ ِ(َ+َ 4‬ا‪.‬و ِء َِ(ً ‪D َ+‬‬
‫ن ا‪ ُ@ْCَ$َ= -D!+ 91 ُ H‬أ‪ ُ@p%‬أ‪َ %‬م ا‪Dm‬ر‪.ِ(َ1‬‬
‫‪ .12‬آ َ‬
‫‪.B‬‬
‫ ‪ٍ 1ُ%‬‬
‫ ‪Š َHَV‬‬
‫‪ .13‬آَ
ْ ُأ ‪p‬م ا‪ -*' ُ@ُ/ِ*ُ= H‬آُ Š‬
‫ك ‪ ِ@1َ&َ1‬و ِرِ‪ِ! ِ@َ*t‬ا ٍر‪.‬‬
‫ن اَ‪ُ 2 َGُ1 ُ H‬‬
‫‪ .14‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ت وا‪َ[D‬ا ِ‬
‫ن ‪ZR‬را ِ‬
‫ن اَ‪ ُ H‬و‪aَ!1 -a8ُ%‬هَ ِ‬
‫‪ .15‬آ َ‬

‫‪Functional Expressions‬‬ ‫ا‪!%:‬رات ا‪:;!5‬‬

‫‪199‬‬
 r
ِ َD!‫س ا‬
َ ‫رأ‬ tin head

ِ 9َ‫و ا‬:َ‫آ‬ of much mischief

ُ َ َ] &َ َ+‫\ أ‬ no body but him

ً aَ'$ُ% ‫ب‬
َ ِC‫ل َ@ُ ا‬
َ ‫آ‬ doubled his punishment
ِ(َ+‫!ا‬.‫َ!ْ َ ُة ا‬, break between classes

ِ ُD!‫'"َِ(ُ ا‬ consequences of recklessness

ِ@ِkHِ regarding him

r
َ َ% What is the matter with you?

!‫ب‬
ِ ‫ا‬p! ُ@ََ, ْu%‫إ‬ Fill his mouth with dirt!

!‫ َ=ِ@ِ اَ  َء‬DV% -*' ْKِ8ْ ‫إ‬ Spit on his scabby ass!

!K
p ِGَ!/َِ1 % ِ@ِْ'‫إ‬ Give it to him!

‫ن‬
ِ ‫ُ&وا‬C*ِ ‫ق‬
ُ DD/‫ ا‬0ُ ِD[‫ا‬ first to aggression

 ْَ' -
ً ِ] , he can do without

ِ(َ‫ا‬Dm‫ ا‬3
َ ‫ ا‬1 son of a whore

!َ(َ,ِْG‫ُ@ُ ا‬2*َ' Teach him the trade!

!‫ك‬
َ َ َV ُ ِ:9ُ1‫ و‬r
َ 1‫ُز‬1 ‰
ُ ‫ أ‬May Allah reward you and multiple your fotrune!
‫ ِم أ َ&ًا‬dَ9 r
َ َِ'mُ1 ْ3َ will never bother you with talking

. ِ!َ,ِ Cَِ ً ")َZ ‫ق‬

ُ D َGَ!َ1 would love to know it

A
ِ D[‫َ(َ ا‬%‫ َز‬dُ% ُ@ُ%‫ ِز‬dُ= follows him like a shadow
 ِ!َHَ% , ْ‫َ=َ  َدت‬ walked with a sway

200
 ِ(َH‫ه‬D&‫ت ا‬
ُ ‫َ[َا‬ looks of surprise

‫! ِم‬1uِ kُ*َ% orphanage

ِ@ِ*َ' , ٌ‫َء‬Z ُ@ُ8ُَ1 mentally retarded

 ِِ8َِ ْ
َCََ!"‫ا‬ be satisfied with her fate

ِ(َ+ِ ْ4.‫ َر ِة ا‬1‫ز‬ visiting saints’ tombs

‫َ&وى‬t ‫ن‬
َ ‫دَو‬ useless, of no avail

.ِ@D*ِ ‫َه‬%‫ًا أ‬Vَ‫أ*ََ

ْ ا‬ has accepted Allah’s will

‫ك‬
َ ‫إذْ ذا‬ there and then

‫ح‬
ِ َ َa ‫ن‬
ِ !Gِ, flooded with joy

‫َ ِة‬G‫َ(ُ ا‬8ْ"‫َر‬ life dance

‫ب‬
ِ ْ‫&ر‬D ‫أو\ ُد ا‬ street children

‫ت‬
ِ ‫را‬Z.‫ت وا‬
ِ ‫[َا‬D ‫ن‬
ِ jD&َGَ!َ1 talk with looks and signs

-42‫ ا‬3
ِ َCِ ُ ُ[َ= looks with satisfied eyes

A
ِ ِ ‫ا‬mَ‫ ا‬-‫و\ َد إ‬.‫ ا‬K
ُ ِ,‫ُا‬1 go with boys to the garbage dump

‫ ِء‬dَ<‫ ا‬, space, open area

‫و ِء‬.‫َ(ُ ا‬+ِ ْ4‫أ‬ saints’ tombs

ُ@ُ[َaْGَ1 ‰
ُ ‫أ‬ May Allah protect him
!‫َا ِم‬G‫ وأو\ َد ا‬3
ِ َC‫ ا‬p َZ evil eyes and devil sons

Grammar ِ‫ا‬$%‫ا‬
201
1. The Passive Voice of the past tense verb is formed by replaysing the
internal vowels of the active with the vowel pattern A
َ ِCُ, . This means putting
Dhama on the first radical and Kasra on the second radical, as in:

E
َ َ!َ‫ آ‬which becomes E
َ ِ!ُ‫آ‬

1.1. As for the Sick Verbs,the passive of the Hollow Verb is on the pattern A
َ ِ, ,
as in:

‫ل‬
َ  which becomes َ !

1.2. The passive of the Defective Verb is on the pattern 

َ ِCُ, , as in:

"َ‫ د‬which becomes $

َ "ُ‫د‬

1.3. The Doubled Verbs are on the pattern A

D ُ, , as in:

&D َZ which becomes &D ُZ

2. Arabic Conditional Sentences are divided into real and impossible.

2.1. Real conditionals are fulfilled and introduced by ‫ إذا‬or ْ‫ إن‬. They are
followed by verbs that can be perfect or jussive, as in:

If you came you would have found me there. ‫ك‬

َ ُ‫َ&=َ ه‬t‫ت َو‬
َ َْ$َ+ ‫إن‬
If you come you will find me there. ‫ك‬
َ ُ‫ُْ =َِ&ُ ه‬$Gَ= ْ‫إن‬
2.2. Verbs following ‫ إذا‬are commonly in the past, never in jussive, though a
negative protasis may be jussive. ‫ إذا‬may mean “if” or “when”. Examples are:

If/when they say (something) they do it. ‫َ*)ا‬Cَ, ‫إذا ")ا‬

If he did not come, then he (must be) sick. ٌ1َ% ) َ, ُْ$Gَ1 ْ0َ ‫إذا‬
2.3. There is also another common type of conditionals which do not have a
parallel in English. It does not require a conditional particle and is consisted
of an imperative in the protasis followed by the jussive in the apodosis, as in:

Thank others, and you will be thanked. ُْ9Z‫َْإ‬9ْHُ=

202
3. Impossible conditionals are introduced by )َ and the two verbs are in the
past tense. The apodosis is usually introduced by ‫ َـ‬, as in:

If they were married theywould .3

ِ َt‫َ َ& زِو‬C‫ أ‬9َ tD‫و‬mَ َ= )َ
have been the happiest couple.

Drill #1 ‫ول‬.‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Use the words and phrases in the Functional Expressions List in good sentences:

Drill #2 2‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Please choose the correct options:

:‫ن‬
ِ ‫ وز‬-*' ‫ل‬
ِ ) َ*َ ‫ف‬
ُ )َ t.‫ ا‬A
ُ Cِa‫ ا‬-ُ1 .1

َ Cُ, .‫ت‬ A
َ ِ, .‫ب‬ A
D ُ, .‫أ‬

.ِ@ِ4‫ْ أ]ْا‬3% ‫ض‬

ٍ َ َ] ‫ ِء‬$َِ ‫ ُر‬DD‫ ا‬-$َ% .2
:‫ف‬
ُ ‫ اُا ِد‬0ُ .‫أ‬
ٍ(َt+ .‫ت‬ ٍ(َnَ‫ ه‬.‫ب‬ ٍ(َ%" .‫أ‬

.‫ع‬
ِ )D‫ا ا‬U‫ْ ه‬3% ٍ(َ*ِn‫ح أ‬
ِ َ -*' ‫َ ُؤ‬1 \ )‫ ه‬.3
:A
ِ Cِa‫ ا‬-C%
ٌ(َ'َZ ُ &َ ِ' ƒ
َ َ .‫ت‬ ٌ‫ل‬% ُ &َ ِ' ƒ
َ َ .‫ب‬ ٌَ` ُ &َ ِ' ƒ
َ َ .‫أ‬

203
 ‫خ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ْ3' A‬ا‪ُ8‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪ُ ap‬‬
‫‪p ُ9َ1 \ .4‬‬
‫ف‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Cِa‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ت‪ُ D")َ َ!َ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪Wُ َِ!ْ*َ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ َ1 .‬ؤ‬

‫ن‪:‬‬
‫ل '*‪ -‬وَز ِ‬
‫š ِ*َ ) ِ‬
‫‪ A‬ا"ِ ُ‬
‫‪ -ُ1 .5‬ا‪ُ Cِa‬‬
‫‬
‫ت‪َ Cُ, .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪َ ِ, .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪D ُ, .‬‬

‫ش ‪ .......‬اَ‪ٍ ' َ(L% H‬م‪.‬‬

‫‪َ ' .6‬‬
‫ت‪0p َ' .‬‬ ‫ب‪&p َt .‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ ُ‬

‫ن أ ُ‪ &2 َt 0‬اَ‪. ......... ِ H‬‬

‫‪ .7‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬اَ‪H‬‬ ‫ب‪-a8ُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪&َ+ .‬ان‬

‫ن ُأ‪.ُ@D%‬‬
‫ ‪D ,‬‬
‫‪ mَ َِ' Dَ .8‬اَ‪ ْ3' ُ H‬ا‪ِ dَ9‬م وا‪َ H‬‬
‫‪ E‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر ]َ ُ اُِ ِ‬
‫أ‪ ْ
َ9َ .‬آَ‪ً:‬ا‬
‫ب‪ ْ02*َ/ُ= ْ0َ .‬أ‪َ%‬ه ِ*‪ِ@D‬‬
‫ت‪ ْ3% ْ
َِCَ= .‬ز‪َ 1‬ر ِة ا‪ِ(َ+ِ 4.‬‬

‫‪204‬‬
 ‫‪ ْ
َ" % .9‬ا ِ*َ(ُ ِ*‪ِ(َDD8‬‬
‫ت‪ Hََ .‬ا)َ ِ& '*‪ -‬رِ‪ِ@َ*t‬‬ ‫ب‪D8 D*َGَ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إ‪&َ+‬ي ا‰‬

‫ن‪:‬‬
‫ن َوَ&َه ََ‪ُ )9‬‬
‫ل وَ‪ َ(َC‬أ‪ٍ D1‬م ‪D .‬‬
‫‪ ْ
َ9َ .10‬ا‪ٍ َ Wَ َ ُ(DD8‬‬
‫س ‪ًCَ%‬‬
‫ت‪ً&َCُ% .‬ا وأ‪َ َ V‬‬ ‫س‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪َ َ V‬‬ ‫أ‪ً&َCُ% .‬ا‬

‫‪ .11‬أُ*َ(ُ ا‪ ُ(GGD8‬ه‪:‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫أ‪ -a8ُ% .‬أآ ُ ‪ 3%‬اَ‪ِ َ%Cِ ِ H‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬أَ‪ ُ H‬أ`‪3َ%Cِ -a8ُ% 3% ُ َ6‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ت‪ -a8ُ% .‬أ`‪ ْ3% ُ 6‬اَ‪ِ َ%Cِ ِ H‬‬

‫ ه‪:‬‬
‫‪ .12‬أأ ُة ا! ‪ %‬آَ
ْ =َ ُ‪ W‬اَ َ‬
‫ت‪ُ .‬أ ‪p‬م ‪-a8ُ%‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ .‬أ ‪p‬م اَ‪ِ H‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ‪ُ(D1&CD/‬‬

‫‪ 7‬اَ‪ ْ3' ُ H‬اُ‪ِ 9‬ء 'ِ&َ‪:%‬‬

‫‪ُ D")َ َ!َ1 .13‬‬
‫ن ت‪ُ ُ@ُCَ$َ= .‬أ‪ , ُ@p%‬ا‪ ِ(َ*ُC‬ا‪9‬ر=)‪ِ(D‬‬
‫ق وَ‪ ُ@ُ t‬ب‪ِ َ' ُ@َ ُ 8َ= .‬‬
‫أ‪ُ ِ Hُ1 .‬‬

‫ن 'ُُه ‪. .......‬‬
‫‪َ Dَ .14‬وَ َ&تْ ا‪ ُ(DD8‬اَ‪ َ H‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪ً(ََ 50 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً(ََ 35 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً(ََ 20 .‬‬

‫‪205‬‬
 ‫‪ .15‬أ‪U‬ي ‪ $َ1‬ا‪َ  D‬ر أ‪َ %‬م ا‪Dm‬ر‪:ِ(َ1‬‬
‫ن ‪ًCَ%‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ِ jR‬‬ ‫ب‪-a8ُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اَ‪َ H‬‬

‫‪p ُ َ1 .16‬د اَ‪ ُ H‬رأَ@ُ و‪َ َGَ ُ@ُCَ,&َ1‬آَ(ٍ دا‪.ٍ(َL‬‬

‫‪ -C%‬ا‪:ِ(a28‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ D َِ!/ُ% .‬ة‬ ‫ب‪ٍ(َC1َ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٍ(َGِ, .‬‬

‫ت 'َ&َ‪:%‬‬
‫ت وا‪َ[D‬ا ِ‬
‫ل ا‪ZR‬را ِ‬
‫‪ ْ3' -a8ُ% ُ7D")َ َ!َ1 .17‬ا!ِ‪ِ C‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‪ ُ@َُ aَ1 \ .‬ا‪VT‬و َ‬ ‫‪ Wَ % E‬اَ‪H‬‬
‫ب‪ُ َC*َ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ ُ@ُِ"Cُ= .‬أ‪ُ@p%‬‬

‫ن ا َ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .18‬آَ
ْ ُأ ‪p‬م ‪ً &َ Cَ -a8ُ%‬ة ‪D .‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ E‬إ‪ -‬اَ‪m‬ا ِ ِ‬
‫ت‪Uَ1 \ .‬هَ ُ‬ ‫‪ Wَ % E‬اَ‪ِ H‬‬
‫ب‪ُ َC*َ1 \ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٌ&َCُْ% .‬‬

‫ن َوَ&ُه ‪:ْ3%‬‬
‫‪ .19‬آَ
ْ ا‪ &ُ 1ُ= ُ(D1&CD/‬أنْ ‪َ )9َ1‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد آَ‪:‬ي اَ‪ِ 9‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أو\ ِد ا‪َG‬ا ِم‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪َ GtD‬‬

‫ '‪ -a8ُ% !*L‬واَ‪. ....... H‬‬

‫‪ .20‬أَ&ْ َرَ(ُ ‪2 َ+ ,‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬آَةٌ ‪ً&D ِt‬ا‬
‫‪206‬‬
 ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪ B‬أ )ا َ  ‪ ,‬ا‪ِ D8‬‬
‫ب‪ُ َ!aَ= .‬‬
‫ت وا‪ِ(َ 6‬‬
‫‪ 3‬اُ) ِ‬
‫ت‪َ َ ْ
َِُ .‬‬

‫ت ‪:ْo,‬‬
‫ت وا‪َ[D‬ا ِ‬
‫ث ‪ZR‬را ِ‬
‫‪ .21‬أ‪U‬ي ‪ُ &D َGَ!َ1‬‬
‫ن ‪ًCَ%‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ِ jR‬‬ ‫ب‪-a8ُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ‪ُ H‬‬

‫‪ A‬اَا=ِ‪.ِE‬‬
‫ع أ  ُء ا‪ُa‬ا ِء أنْ ‪)*ِ8َ1‬ا إ‪ -‬أ‪ِ َ$,‬‬
‫‪ .22‬إ! َ‬
‫ف‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ 0ُ R‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا)َ‪ِ Ll‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬اَ!'ِ ِ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬اَ‪/‬آِ ِ‬

‫‪ .23‬أ‪. ......... ُ(DD8‬‬

‫‪:E‬‬
‫أ‪ُ !VR‬ر ] ُ اُ ِ‬
‫ت‪ُ َ َ] &ُ ِ*َ= ْ0َ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أََ
ْ َوَ&ًا‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫أ‪َ .‬وَ َ&تْ َ‪ِ َ*a‬‬

‫ن ‪. ..........................‬‬
‫‪ B‬اَ‪ً&Cَ ُ H‬ا ‪D .‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ8ُ1 .24‬‬
‫ن ‪Hَُ,‬هِ ُ&هُ‪ْ0‬‬
‫س ‪pَُ1‬و َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪َ D‬‬ ‫ب‪ ُ@ََ, .‬واِ‪ ٌW‬و‪)!aَ%‬حٌ‬ ‫أ‪)aَ% ُ َ CَZ .‬شٌ‬

‫‪ ْ
َِCَ= .25‬ا‪:ْ3% (DD8‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ز‪1‬ر ِة أ‪ ِ(َ+ِ 4‬ا‪.‬و ِء‬ ‫‪ 3‬ا<َ َ ِة‬
‫ب‪ِ َ' .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬آَ‪ِ d‬م ا *َ(ِ‬
‫‪207‬‬
 ‫‪Drill # 3‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬ا‪32‬‬
‫أ‪LDَ .‬ك ‪LDَ /‬آ‪ $‬اُ‪ 8َ 9‬ا"! َ‪:‬‬
‫‪U!1 \ .1‬آ وا& وƒ @ =‪)8‬ر  آ
'*@ ه‪ @!n‬و"‪ @!%‬و‪ B%d%‬و‪.@ t‬‬
‫‪ .2‬إ]ور"
' &‪)%‬ع 'ِ َ& رؤ‪ (1‬أ` ‪ -a8% W‬ا!)ر‪ (%‬وه) ‪k1‬آ‪& A‬‬
‫وا‪&+‬ة‪.‬‬
‫‪+ .3‬ول ‪%‬ة ‪,‬زداد ]‪ E$‬ا‪ @*' 0*C‬وآل @ ا‪C‬ب ‪ 0*C!, ،7'$%‬أن ‪K*61‬‬
‫‪ @,‬ا‪!+‬ام *‪9‬ر‪.‬‬
‫‪
C= .4‬ا‪.‬م ‪ 3%‬ز‪1‬رة أ‪ (+4‬ا‪.‬وء *‪aH E‬ء و&ه دون ‪&t‬وى‪
/n, ،‬‬
‫وأ*
أَ‪ V‬أ‪%‬ه ا‰‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬آ‪ @*C1 % A‬ا)& '‪ 3‬وا& أ@ آن ‪+‬رس ‪m<% ,‬ن "ب اء‪.‬‬
‫‪ A+ %&' .6‬و"
ا‪&6‬اء 'د ‪ -a8%‬إ‪ -‬زر‪ (9 % -1 & @!1‬و ‪/‬ى ‪)!%‬ر‪(%‬‬
‫‪.(%+‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ه) \ ‪&1‬ري أ‪ $1‬إن آن أ'ج '&‪m= %‬وج أ‪ @%‬أم آن ‪.3!GG` 3"/‬‬
‫‪H1 .8‬ق و‪ @ t‬و‪&1‬و ‪ @, 3% 0] &C‬ا)ا‪ W‬ا‪)!a‬ح '*‪ -‬ا&وام وه) ‪H1‬ه&‬
‫ارة واان‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬أ‪ aV‬رأ@ و‪ KC‬أ` ‪ @/* @C‬و‪ &+‬ا‰ و‪V‬ج *ƒ ‪ W%‬ا‪@ 9G1 H‬‬
‫'‪ 3‬ار وا‪.%/‬‬
‫‪ .10‬آ ‪ -a8%‬و‪ K‬و‪ K1 0‬ا‪ ،H‬و‪ -a8% -H%‬و‪ I1 0‬ا‪.H‬‬
‫ ا‪!94‬ت ا"! "‪:9 89 C4‬‬
‫ب‪َ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أي ‪َ PDP‬‬

‫‪208‬‬
 ‫ن ‪&َ+‬ان ا‪َ DD‬ر‪.‬‬
‫\ أ‪ ْAَCaَ1 ْ0َ ُ@D‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ُ1 .1‬دِ‪ ِ@1‬هَ ‪ 0D‬أنْ ‪ُ َ ِ<ُ1‬أ‪" ُ@D%‬وِ& ا‪'.‬ج"‪ ،‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪.E‬‬
‫ت وآ
ْ ‪ٍ َHَV ْ3ِ%‬‬
‫
إ‪&ْ+‬ى "َ@ِ ََ)ا ٍ‬
‫‪2 ِ A‬‬
‫ "َ َ‬
‫‪ ْ& .2‬و=َ َآَ@ُ ‪ ِ@ِ%C‬ا‪َ 2,)= :‬‬
‫‪.7‬‬
‫ن ا‪ِ D8‬‬
‫ج َ)ا‪َ )` ْ
ّ"mD ََ= ِ Uِ ِ,‬رةٌ ا‪&ُt -*' ْ3% ِ(َC‬را ِ‬
‫ زُ‪ِ t‬‬
‫‪ .3‬و=َ‪ُ C 0َ DَG‬‬
‫ق‪.‬‬
‫ن ُأ‪ ُ@ُj&2 َGُ= \ ُ@D%‬أ َ&ًا و‪ُ D َGَ!َ1‬‬
‫‪ ْ3' .4‬أ @ِ و ‪  ِ!َ,ِ Cَِ ً ")َZ‬أ‪َ Z‬ء آَ‪ٍ ِ :‬ة ‪  ُ*َ َ1‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫س واُ‪.Uِ ُa‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أ @ِ و\ ‪َ k‬‬
‫ف ه) إ ُ‬
‫ج ‪ ْ3% ً Dَ+‬ا‪ِ )p*َG‬‬
‫ن أ' َ َ‬
‫‪ A‬وأ ) ُ آ َ‬
‫‪ E‬أ‪ُ َ$,‬‬
‫‪ُ ََ*, .5‬‬
‫‪َ َ ْ!َ, E‬ة ا‪ِ!R‬ا‪َ ِ(َ+‬ي أنْ ‪.mَ ِaَ1‬‬
‫‪ ُ(َ+/, .6‬ا!ُا ‪ ُ(D‬واِ‪ $َ1 ٌ(َC‬وه) ‪p ِGُ1‬‬
‫‪ً &1&َt E‬ة‪.‬‬
‫‪ r‬إ‪ &ُ 1ُ1 ُ@D‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد ِ‪)2َ/ُ1 dَn‬ا ا‪َ Cِ! R‬د '‪َ ِ'!َ% ُ@ ْ3‬‬
‫‪ % .7‬أ‪َ ُ@ََ9%‬ذِ َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪َZ Hََ ُ@D‬ءٌ ‪ -*' ِ@ِ*َ' ,‬رِ‪.ِ@َ*t‬‬
‫ن ه‪U‬ا و\ أ‪p ُl‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ا َ)َ ُ& ََُْ‪ ُ@ُ8‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫ن ‪)aَ% ُ َ CَZ‬شٌ ‪.ِ@ِ=َ َHَ -*' Wُ َ*َ1‬‬
‫إ‪D‬‬
‫‪ٍ 1َ% ٍL E‬‬
‫ج آَ‪ِ ]َm‬‬
‫‪ .9‬واُ<طُ ا*‪ُ mِ D‬‬
‫ت‪.‬‬
‫‪ % .10‬هَ)ى 'َ*َ  ِ َ"َ(ِ ‪2 )َ!ُ% ُ &ُ َ1‬ر‪ ْ3% ٌ(َ%‬آَ‪ِ َ :‬ة ا‪ ِ(D1&1&َG‬ا‪ٍ ' َ(َ* ِ(َ*D:‬‬

‫‪Drill # 4‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬اا!‪4‬‬

‫‪Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬آَ
ْ =َ َ(ُ ‪ , -a8ُ%‬اَ& َرَ(ِ ‪. ......‬‬
‫ت‪&َ Cَ .‬ةٌ‬ ‫ب‪ٌ(َCَ` .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬را‪ٌ(َCL‬‬

‫‰ أنْ‪:‬‬
‫‪َ % .2‬د'َ
ْ ا‪ ُ(D1&CD/‬ا َ‬
‫‬
‫ق َوَ&َه دَز‪ٍ َ َ(1‬‬
‫أ‪ِ َ1 .‬ز َ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ب‪ َ}ِaGَ1 .‬وَ&َه ‪ 2 َZ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ َC‬‬

‫‪209‬‬
 ‫ت‪َ ْ3' &َ ِCُ1 .‬وَ&َه أو\ َد ا‪َG‬ا َم‬

‫‪ E‬اُ‪ِ!ِ -a8ُ% 0ُ 2*C‬ا ٍر ‪:ُ@D.‬‬

‫‪ُ ِ"Cُ1 .3‬‬
‫ج‬
‫ت‪َ .‬وَ ُ& ا‪ِ '.‬‬ ‫ب‪ , ٌEِUُ% .‬رأ‪ِ@ِ1‬‬ ‫أ‪&ُ1 .‬ا‪ِ@ِ/aَ ْ3' Wُ ِ,‬‬

‫‪َ َ !َ, -a8ُ% $َ1 .4‬ة ا‪ِ!R‬ا‪. ......... ِ(َ+‬‬

‫ت‪ .‬وَ‪ُ &َ +‬‬ ‫ب‪ Wَ % .‬ا‪.‬و\ ِد‬ ‫أ‪ , .‬اَ‪ِ(ََ!9‬‬

‫ن‪.‬‬
‫ق ِ*‪&ُC‬وا ِ‬
‫‪)+` .5‬ا ‪ ًCَt‬أ‪ ُ@D‬ا[‪ 0ُ ِD‬ا‪ُ DD/‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪U‬ي َ&َأ ا‪&ُC‬وا َ‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪ ُ(DGَ4 .‬ا‪&ُC‬وا ِ‬ ‫ن‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪&ُC‬وا ِ‬
‫أ‪ُ ََ .‬‬

‫‪. ........ ْ3% A‬‬

‫‪ .6‬أرْ'َ َ&تْ ا‪ُ D/‬ء ‪َ Uِ ُ%‬ر ًة ِ)ا ِ ٍ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ َ6‬م‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا‪ِ 12‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اَ ِ‬

‫ن َوَ&َه‪:‬‬
‫‪ ْ
َ" % .7‬ا‪ ُ(D1&CD/‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬آَ‪ ُ :‬ا‪ِ dَ9‬م‬ ‫ب‪)َ" .‬عٌ‬ ‫أ‪)َ` .‬رٌ‬

‫ن ‪&َ+‬ان ا‪ِ DD‬ر‪:‬‬
‫‪ .8‬أ‪Uَ َV‬تْ ا‪َ ُ(D1&CD/‬وَ&َه ا‪ُ -‬دآ‪ِ D‬‬

‫‪210‬‬
 ‫ت‪ &َ ِ' .‬ا‪ِ 8َC‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا[‪ِ p‬‬
‫ب‪َ َُ" .‬‬ ‫ح‬
‫أ‪ , .‬ا‪ِ D8‬‬

‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ت وا‪َ[D‬ا ِ‬
‫ث ِ‪ZR‬را ِ‬
‫‪ُ &D َGَ!َ1 A‬‬
‫ن ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫‪ .9‬آ َ‬
‫ُر ‪ D‬ه)‪:‬‬
‫ج‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ' َ ُ‬ ‫س‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪ُ َ V‬‬ ‫أ‪ٌ&َCُ% .‬‬

‫‪.E‬‬
‫ن إ‪ -‬إ'*‪ -‬اَا=ِ ِ‬
‫‪ A‬أو\ ُد ا‪ُa‬ا ِء ا‪G‬ذ") َ‬
‫‪ُ ِ8َ1 ْ&َ" .10‬‬
‫أَ‪ُ )8‬د هُ‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪.‬و\ ُد آَ‪:‬و ا‪ِ dَ9‬م‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ‪.‬و\ ُد ا‪.‬ذآ ُء‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أو\ ُد ا‪َG‬ا ِم‬

‫‪.E‬‬
‫‪ K‬اَ!'ِ َ‬
‫‪ &ُ َِ!Cَ \ .11‬أ‪ &ُ 1ُ=  D‬أنْ =َ<*ُ َ‬
‫ف‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ 0ُ R‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬اَ‪H‬آِ َ‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اَ‪َ %/‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا‪َ ِtَG‬‬

‫‪ِ&َ1 , ْ
َ*ََ+ .12‬ه ‪  َ/ِ dَ%‬اَ*‪ َ(َ,)a‬ا َ)ِ<َ(َ‪.‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ(aD8‬اُ‪C‬آِ‪ ُ(َ/‬ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪َ(َa[D‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اَ)‪َ(َZ‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا<َ*‪-‬‬

‫‪ِ t Wَ َ% 0َ D*َ9َ= .13‬ر ِ ِ‪.ٍ(َ" ٍ(َ1<ُ/‬‬

‫‪211‬‬
 ‫ƒ‪:‬‬
‫ف اُ‪C‬آِ ُ‬
‫أ[‪ُ D‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ َ [َِ .‬ة ` ِر‪ٍ(َ%‬‬ ‫ف‬
‫ت ‪Š t‬‬
‫ب‪ٍ )َ8ِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ِ!+ِ .‬ا ٍم آَ‪ٍ :‬‬

‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪َ .14‬و‪َ t ْ
َCَ4‬ر=ُ ِ!ً وه ‪ ,‬ا‪َ 1HC‬‬
‫‪:A‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ -C%‬ا‪ِ Cِa‬‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ َ
ْ‬ ‫ب‪ .‬وَ َ&تْ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أََ
ْ‬

‫ن‪:‬‬
‫ل '*‪ -‬وز ِ‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪ِ ) *ِ ِ ِVT‬‬
‫‪ A‬اَ‪ُ َ'$‬‬
‫‪ -ُ1 .15‬ا‪ُ Cِa‬‬
‫‬
‫ت‪َ Cُ, .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪َ , .‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪D ُ, .‬‬

‫‪ -a8ُ% -ZGَ!َ1 .16‬ا‪.‬و\ َد ‪ ,‬اَ& َرَ(ِ ‪:0ُ D.‬‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫ن َ@ُ اَ‪H‬آِ َ‬
‫ت‪َ )ُ*<َ1 .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أآَ ُ ‪ُ@ِ%‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫أ‪9َ% .‬وه) َ‬

‫ع ‪. .......‬‬
‫‪ .17‬آَ
ْ ‪ ْ3% -a8ُ% ُ(َ%mَt‬ا‪ِ )D‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ 1)D‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اُ!َ َ)ِ‪ِo‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اَ‪ِ 8‬‬

‫ن ‪:ُ@D. /‬‬
‫‪ -a8ُ% ْWِtَ1 ْ0َ .18‬إ‪ -‬اَ& َرَ(ِ ‪D .‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ن َذْ ٍ‬
‫‪ٍ &D ِHِ E‬ة دو َ‬
‫ت‪َ ِ")' .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا&‪2‬راَ(َ ‪ٌ(َCَ`  ,‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اَ& َرَ(َ َ‪&َ C‬ةٌ‬

‫‪212‬‬
 ‫ن ‪&+‬ان ا‪ُ DD‬ر "َ‪)ِ ً1‬اِ ِ& ‪. ........‬‬
‫‪ .19‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا‪ِ(D1&CD/‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اَ‪ِ H‬‬ ‫أ‪-a8ُ% .‬‬

‫‪ .20‬أ‪&+ Wَ % ِ@ِ!D8ِِ ....... -a8ُ% َ َV‬ان‪.‬‬

‫ت‪ .‬واِ َ&=َ@ُ‬ ‫ب‪ُ@َ1&َ` .‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ@َ2*َCُ% .‬‬

‫‪ B‬واَ ِ& ِ‪.‬‬

‫‪َ ِ%dَ% -a8ُ% ....... .21‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫ت‪Uَ َ!َ1 .‬آ‪ً *َ" ُ D‬‬ ‫ب‪Uَ َ!َ1 \ .‬آ‪ُ D‬‬ ‫أ‪Uَ َ!َ1 .‬آ‪ُ D‬‬

‫ن 'ُ ُ ‪:-a8ُ%‬‬
‫ ا)اِ ُ& آ َ‬
‫‪َ 2,)= %َ&َ' .22‬‬
‫ت‬
‫ن ََ)ا ٍ‬
‫ت‪ِ َj .‬‬ ‫ت‬
‫
ََ)ا ٍ‬
‫ب‪D ِ .‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫أ‪ِ َ!ََ .‬‬

‫ب ‪:ُ@D. -a8ُ%‬‬
‫‪َ ِ' 7‬‬
‫‪ E‬اُ‪َ َ'$َ, 0ِ 2*C‬‬
‫‪ .23‬إزدا َد ]َ‪ُ َ$‬‬
‫ت‪&ُِ 0َ D*َ9َ= .‬ا‪ِ@ِ/aَ 3' Wَ ِ,‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫ج ا‪ِ  DH‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬آَ‪ َ َ/‬زُ‪َ t‬‬ ‫ق اَ*َ َ‪0‬‬
‫أ‪َ َ َ .‬‬

‫ن وا ُ& ‪. ....... -a8ُ%‬‬

‫‪ .24‬آ َ‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ت‪Dَ .‬رًا ‪ Wُ َ8َ1‬ا‪َ  DH‬‬ ‫‬
‫ب‪ Wُ َ1 .‬اَ َ‬ ‫أ‪+ .‬ر ً‬

‫‪:A‬‬
‫‪&َ .25‬أ ‪&َ+ Wَ َ% ُ@َ*ََ' -a8ُ%‬ان ا‪ِ DD‬ر ‪ِ 8َ, ,‬‬

‫‪213‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬ا<َ‪ِ 1‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ا‪ِ !2H‬ء‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ‪ِ D8‬‬

‫‪214‬‬
Reading Exercise ‫اءة‬%‫ ا‬/017
Read the following sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to them. Give the
tape to your teacher to check your performance. Once you are done with that please
translate them.

:(1m*9.‫(ِ ا‬6*‫ ا‬-‫* إ‬1 % tَ= / ْ0tَ=

.A
2 2[‫َ(َ ا‬%‫ َز‬dُ% ُ@ُ%‫ ِز‬d= ُ@ُ!َt‫آ
ْ زَو‬ .1

.‫ن‬
ٍ 9َ% A
2 ُ‫ آ‬, ‫ن‬
َ ‫)دو‬t)َ% ‫َا ِم‬G‫ أو\ ُد ا‬.2
.ٌ‫ ِذق‬+‫ٌ و‬0َ‫ب و‬
 Z ُ@D‫ف أ‬
ُ ِ Cَ p*ُ‫ آ‬.3
.
َ C‫خ ا‬
َ ‫ا‬p8‫)ا ا‬Cَِ %َ&ِ' ‫ر ُة‬D ‫ ا‬Wَ Dََ= .4
.

ِ ْ")َ ‫ا ا‬U‫ ه‬, ِ D8ِ -D*َGَ!َ= ْ‫ أن‬6ََ1 .5

.‫َ&ا ِء‬6*ِ ‫ دَ'ه‬D*ُ‫ آ‬Wُ Dََ!َ= ‫َ&ري ِذا‬1 \ .6
.ِ(ََِ‫ ا‬, ِ‫)د‬t‫ل و‬
َ dِV ‫! ِم‬1.‫ ا‬kَ *َ% ‫ زُر‬.7
.ِ 9َ‫ ِ ا‬:َ‫ آ‬A
ٍ ُt‫ َر‬Wَ % A
ُ َ%C=‫ أ‬7
َ َ‫ف آ‬
ُ ِ '‫ \ أ‬.8
.‫ َ ِة‬:َ9‫(ِ ا‬D12&‫َ(ِ ا‬+ِ ْ4. ٌ(َ,‫ْو‬Cَ% ُ(َ1&َ‫ ِ ا‬Uِ َ‫ ه‬.9
.‫ن‬
ِ ‫ُ&وا‬C*ِ ‫ق‬
ُ DD/‫ ا‬0ُ ِD[‫ن ه) ا‬
َ ‫ إذا آ‬A
ُ َCَ ‫ذا‬% .10

215
‫‪Unit #10‬‬ ‫أة ر )‪(10‬‬
‫ن ‪1 َZ‬ر‬
‫‪ ُ(19ِ+‬أ‪ُ *p/‬‬

‫ب =ُ‪ٍ D‬ر ]ُ ءَ‪ ،‬ا‪*p/‬ن ‪1 َZ‬ر‬ ‫ن ا[‪َ *D‬ء ‪ِ j ,‬‬‫ل ا‪َ )4)<َ1 ُ(jdD:‬‬
‫‪ -$َ%‬ا‪ُ t2‬‬
‫ص ‪ .EَZ‬إ"!َ َ َ
ْ ‪ 0ُ %‬أ‪Z‬حٌ ‪ ٌ(َjdَj‬و‪ 0ُ k‬أ‪&ُ َ+‬هُ‪:0‬‬
‫ووَز‪ ُ ُ 1‬دَ&ان و‪ِ +‬رُ@ُ ا< ‪p‬‬
‫ن ‪ ,‬هَ ِ‪ ِ U‬ا‪ ْ3% ِ(َ'D/‬ا‪ِA*D‬؟‬
‫‪% -‬ذا =َ‪َ )*َCa‬‬
‫ب ‪1 َZ‬ر‪:‬‬
‫‪َ tk,‬‬
‫‪216‬‬
 ‫ن ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ /kِ ِ َD$‬م ا‪.Wِ  D‬‬
‫‪Dُ= -‬رٌ ]ُ  ُء ‪&َ!َ1‬اوو َ‬
‫ت‪:‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ )D8‬‬
‫‪َ ,‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ!ُ‪ُ  َُ] 1 ،,)ُ4 0‬ء!‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫ت و‪)$َ%‬ا ‪ ً(َ'َt‬وا‪&+‬ةً‪ ،‬و‪1 َZ‬ر ‪َ /َ!َ1‬ء ُ‬
‫‪)'َ&َ,‬ا َ@ُ َآ ِ‬
‫ن ‪ َa$ُ%‬ا‪َ019‬؟‬
‫‪ُ= -‬ى ‪ُ )9َ1 ْ3َ%‬‬
‫ت‪:‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ )D8‬‬
‫‪َ َ,‬‬
‫‪َ` -‬اً‪َ  1 ،‬د ُة ‪ 1‬آِا ُم!‬
‫روا ‪ِ -Z -D!+‬ء ا‪ .ِ D‬أ=‪) D‬ا ‪ ُ ِ[َ!َ= ٍ(aَ )َ G‬وآ
ْ =َ‪  % Wp ِH‬أ‪)4‬ا ُء‬
‫ل ‪1 َZ‬ر‪:‬‬
‫‪َ /َ= .E‬ء َ‬
‫‪ B‬آ‪)9‬اآِ ِ‬
‫اَ‪ِ  8‬‬
‫ن َ‪َa‬اً؟‬
‫ن ‪)p/‬قِ‪َ= ْAَ َ, ،‬و‪َ )%‬‬
‫‪َ )َِ=ُ% 3‬‬
‫‪ُ Gَ -‬‬
‫ب `َ)تٌ ‚‪:ُ َV‬‬
‫‪َ tk,‬‬
‫‰‬
‫‪ r‬وا‪&ُ+‬وا ا َ‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪  p1‬ا‪ ُ6‬ءُ‪ ،‬إ‪ِ َ $َGِ 0ُ9D‬ة ‪ \)َ%‬ا‪*p/‬ن ‪1َ َZ‬ر ‪k,‬د‪p‬وا @ُ =َ‪ َ(DG‬اُ* ِ‬
‫'*‪ ْ0ُ92[َ+ -‬ا‪.&ِ CD/‬‬
‫ي ‪1 َZ‬ر! =ََ‪&D‬وا ‪,‬‬
‫ي ُ*نٍ‪ ،‬وأ ‪2‬‬
‫ل ا‪ِ َ $َGِ .ِ(jd:‬ة أ ‪2‬‬
‫'ََ َ&تْ ا&‪D‬ه‪ ُ(َH‬أ‪ َ(َِ/‬ا‪ِ t2‬‬
‫ت ا‪:D:‬‬‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ )D8‬‬ ‫ح `‪ُ ِ+‬‬ ‫ك ` َ‬ ‫ذُه)ِ ِ‪ &َ ِ' ،0‬ذا َ‬
‫‪ -‬أ!‪ُ  ُ] 1 ُ(DGD‬ء!‬
‫ن ‪ %‬ا‪-َG‬‬
‫ض ا!‪ . ِ!َ1 ِ -!+ ِ(َ D‬وُ' َ‬
‫ق ‪1 َZ‬ر ‪ ْ3%‬ذه)ِ@ِ‪ِ )َV -*' 0َ Dَ8َ, ،‬‬ ‫أ‪َ ,‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫ن اَ‪ِ )'m‬م و=َِ‪ ُ@َC‬دَ&ان و‪َ " .EَZ‬‬
‫أ‪َ %‬م ا‪ِ *p/‬‬
‫ل 'ُ َ ُ وأدا َم 'َ َ& ُ!‬
‫‪ 3‬وأ َ‬
‫‰ وَ‪ َ@t‬أ‪ ِ %‬ا‪َ %‬‬
‫‪ َ D$َ -‬ا ُ‬
‫
‪ , ٍ(D*َ[َ%‬أ'*‪ -‬ا‪Uَ<D=, ،ِ(َaD/‬وا‬
‫ش =َ‪َ G‬‬
‫ƒ '*‪ٍ َ' -‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪َ َ*َt -!+ ِ(َZG‬‬
‫=َِ‪َ ِ4 ُ )C‬‬

‫‪217‬‬
‫ق و‪َ% &َ ِL‬و‪ ٍ(َِ/َُ% ٍ(َG/ُ, -*' ٍ(َ+‬أ‪َ %‬م ا‪َC‬شِ‪ ،‬وأ"*َ‪ ْ
َC‬ا‪, ُ(َaD/‬‬ ‫‪َ )َ, 0ُ َ/َِ%‬‬
‫ت ا‪ِ )p‬م ا‪D/‬هِ َ ِة‪.‬‬
‫
َ‪ِ َ/‬‬
‫ =َ‪َ G‬‬
‫‪ )Š َt‬رَ ‪Š C‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ُ 1 َZ‬ر‬
‫‪ .A‬هََ َ‬
‫س ِ‪ِ ِ'H‬‬
‫َرَ
ْ ا‪ ُ(aD/‬إ‪ِ -Z -‬ء ‪1mt‬ةٍ‪  َ*ََ!, ،‬ا‪ُ َG‬‬
‫ن دَ&ان‪.‬‬
‫ا‪ , G‬أُذ ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬مٌ!‬
‫‪ -‬إ‪&1&َt ٌ(َ9َ*َ%  D‬ةٌ وَ‪ُ G‬‬
‫‪ ُ@D*َCَ -‬ا‪\)َ% 1 ،ُIHَG‬ي‪.‬‬
‫ن '*‪ -‬هَ ِ‪ ِ U‬اَ[هِ ِ ا ِذ‪ِ(َV‬؟‬
‫‪ -‬وَ‪َ )ِaُ1 0D َ% ْ39‬‬
‫‪:K‬‬
‫ل ا)ز‪ٍ َ*َِ ُ 1‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ K‬ا‪  ِ/ِ*ِ ُ(ََG‬ا<َ‪2 a‬‬
‫‪ُ ُَ= A‬‬
‫‪ٍ *َ" Dَ' -‬‬
‫‪ ِ(َِC. d‬وا‪ , ِ(َ ِ ZR‬ا! ِرهِ‪ُ@َD*َGَ= ،0‬‬
‫د‪)*َV‬ا ُادَ" ً ‪ً:ُ%‬ا ‪&َt)َ,‬وا ِ ً ‪ً ِ,+‬‬
‫ب ‪)َ َ= -D!+‬ه‪ْ
َD‬‬ ‫ل اَ*َ‪ .ِ(َ9‬أَ` )ا ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ C‬م ‪)CَِZ -D!+‬ا و‪ ْ3%‬ا‪DH‬ا ِ‬ ‫‪ ْ3% ٌWَt‬رِ‪ِ t‬‬
‫أروا‪ِ )َ HD 0ُ ُ+‬ة واَ َ(ِ‪ &َ Cَ ً(D`V ،‬أنْ أ‪&َ ّH‬تْ ‪t‬ر‪ ْ3% ٌ(َ1‬وَرا ِء ا‪ِ !2/‬ر‪:‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪ُ ِZ' r‬‬
‫‪َ 2' ُ 2َ<ُ1‬أ‪َ َ D‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ r‬‬
‫ن ا )ى ‪َ َ !َ َ% ,‬‬
‫ِ‪ُ /‬‬
‫ن د&ان وَز‪:ِ ِ 1‬‬
‫ƒ ‪1 َZ‬ر ‪ُ ,‬أ ُذ ِ‬
‫‪َ ََ َ,‬‬
‫\ رَ'‪!ٌ(D‬‬
‫‪3‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ُ k% ْ3%  َ 1 -‬د َ(ٍ ‪ ،ٍ(D9َ*َ%‬و‪َ Gَ %‬‬
‫ن ا‪:ُ َVT‬‬
‫ح ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا*‪َ ` ِ(َ[GD‬‬
‫'َ َ& =ِ* َ‬
‫ن َ أنْ َ‪ &َ َC‬اَ‪ َ(ََ9G‬ا‪.َ(D .‬‬
‫‪َ ‚-‬‬
‫ل دَ&ان ‪:ُ \)َ%‬‬
‫‪َ k/َ,‬‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪)"Dَaَ!َ1‬ا؟‬
‫‪ A‬اُ َ& ُِ‪َ َ" 0ِ ِ=َ َ`G‬‬
‫ف ‪َ ُِ -D!+‬‬
‫ن ‪ ,‬ا‪8R‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ -‬أ\ =َ‪ِ k!/‬ذ ُ‬
‫ل ‪1 َZ‬ر‪:‬‬
‫‪َ ,‬‬
‫‪218‬‬
 ‫ ‪ِV ,  ِ َْ1 ْ0َ Dِ%‬ي‪.‬‬
‫‪Z. -َ ْAَ -‬هِ َ& ِ‪D َC‬‬
‫ق‪.‬‬
‫ن ‪َ %‬ر‪)َ" Wَ َ,‬مٌ ا‪2/‬طَ و‪َ t‬ء ِِَ‪ِ &َ` , ْ
َِ8ُَ, ٍ(ََ9Gَ% ِ(D8‬ر ا‪p/‬ا ِد ِ‬ ‫وُ' َ‬
‫€ ‪,‬‬‫ف إ‪ِ /َ1 -‬ر ِ‪ .‬وا‪َ َC‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا)َز‪ ُ 1‬إ‪ ِ@ِَ1 -‬وا‪ُ DD/‬‬‫ن ا‪َ ،َُVT‬ووَ"َ َ‬ ‫ƒ 'َ*َ  ا‪ُ *p/‬‬ ‫‪َ َ*َt‬‬
‫‪ْ3% ٍ(D*ِ" 3‬‬
‫ و= ‪َ ِ4 ُ C‬‬
‫ƒ ‪1 َZ‬ر ا‪p G‬‬ ‫س و"َ&ْ ‪َ َZ‬وا ُ)‪َ َ*َt .0ُ َ,‬‬ ‫ن ا‪DُG‬ا ُ‬ ‫ا‪.‬رآ ِ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ل ا‪2 .‬‬ ‫ن َ  ُِ! َ‪ ِ(ََ9Gَ% ِ(َC‬ا‪ِ &َC‬‬
‫ا‪)aD8‬ةِ ُأ ِذ َ‬
‫ق اِَ‪ ً ِ<ُ% ِ(D8‬ا‪َ )َ aD8‬ة ا‪َ َ ِ4G‬ة‪:‬‬
‫ن ا‪ِ )َ, ْ3% ُ َV.‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫ل‬
‫‪ E‬أ‪)%‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ r‬ا&‪ِ %D‬ء اَ‪ ِ(َn1‬وَ ِ‬
‫‰ ا‪U‬ي ‪  َ D/َ1‬ا!‪ &َ Cَ َ(َ )D‬أ‪ِ aَ , 6‬‬ ‫‪ -‬أَ‪ &ُ ُ+‬ا َ‬
‫اُ‪ ،َ3ِ*/‬إ‪ ُ@َGُ ُ@D‬واِ ُ‪ W‬ا‪ ِ(َ+D‬واَ‪ِ َ ِa6‬ة‪.‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ َVT‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫ و‪َ َ+ ُ@َ' &َ َ= ْ0َ ْ39‬آَ(ٌ وا‪&َ َ+‬ةٌ‪ .‬وا`َ َ‬
‫إ‪ Wَ ََ!ْ%‬وَ‪1 َZ ُ@t‬ر ا‪2 َG‬‬
‫‪:d‬‬
‫‪ً ِL" ُ@َ:1&َ+‬‬
‫‪َ t % B‬ء ِ ‬
‫‪D َ` ) ،ٍo/َ A‬‬ ‫‪)9َZ , K‬ى ‪َ ْ3% ٍ(َ'),َ%‬ر‪ٍ ُt‬‬ ‫‪ -‬هَ ِ‪ ِ U‬اَ‪ِ GD!*ِ &ُ َِCَ= ُ(ََ9G‬‬
‫‰‬
‫ب ا<ِ‪ ِ(D/‬وا&‪َ D‬ء ِة وا[‪ ،ِ0*p‬وا ُ‬‫‪ ٍ(َCِHَ ٍ(ِ1َt ْ3' 7‬أُ]!*َ
ْ ‪  ,‬اَا َء ُة ِ‪ِ /ِG‬‬ ‫َ‪َ َHَ9‬‬
‫ق(!‬ ‫‪ُd‬‬‫‪ E‬ا‪)9DH‬ى )'ََ ا‪D َG‬‬ ‫\ وأ‪ًV‬ا‪ُ ِ+` ْAُV&َ*َ, .‬‬ ‫ن أو ً‬
‫اُ‪ُ Cَ!/‬‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫ل َ@ُ ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪ 7‬أ‪َ %‬م اِَ‪ٍ Uَ َ+ , ِ(D8‬ر و‪)HُV‬عٍ‪َ , ،‬‬
‫‪َ َ")َ َ, A‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫َد‪َ َV‬‬
‫ك ‪ََ' 1‬؟‬
‫‪)9َZ % -‬ا َ‬
‫ج‪.‬‬
‫ت ‪ٍ &2 َ َ!ُ%‬‬
‫‪ٍ )َ8ِ A‬‬
‫ل ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫‪َ ,‬‬
‫ح ‪% َ(DGَ4‬ا‪ٍ َ َ%‬ة وَ‪ِ ] ٍ(DH+‬د َر ٍة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬إ  ا)‪ُ dَ' ،ُ&+‬ء ا&‪ ،312‬را َ‬
‫ب 'ُُُ@ُ ‪ ْ3%‬أ‪ ِ*t‬؟‬
‫‪ % -‬ا!‪ ُ(َ p‬ا! ‪َ ِ ُ4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ِ A‬‬
‫ن( زَو‪ ُ(َt‬ا‪G‬آِ ِ‪) 0‬ا‪ِ $َa‬‬
‫
"ََ ِ ا‪ِ %Dm‬‬
‫ن وَ ِ"َ(ُ ‪)َt‬هَ َ ِة )أ‪ِ 2/‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ!ž‪ &D ُ4 ُ %‬ا‪ِ *p/‬‬
‫‪"V‬ن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ْ3َ% -‬اُ َ& ‪*ِ ُ 2‬ا‪ِ َ %‬ة ‪ ,‬رأ‪َr1‬؟‬

‫‪219‬‬
 ‫‪ (ُ(َl[َ ) -‬وأ ) ُ آَ ُ ا‪) ِ(pH‬درو‪ُ' I1‬ان(‪ .‬و"َ&ْ ا!َ‪ِ )َ C‬ذ )أُ‪3 3C‬‬
‫ن َوَ&ي‬
‫‪ ِ(َ"ِ َ/ِ 3‬اَ)هَ َ ِة و َد‪)ِ` ,  D‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ B‬اُ‪ُ C‬‬
‫ف ْ‪ِG‬ا‪َ َ .ِ@ِ=,‬‬ ‫ري( اَ‪C‬و ُ‬
‫ن‪.‬‬
‫‪ \)َِ ِ(َ< K‬ا‪ِ *p/‬‬ ‫‪D mَ ُ% A‬و َر ٍة =َُ ُ‬
‫'َ‪ِ d‬ء ا&‪ Wَ % 312‬رَ‪َ ِL‬‬
‫‪ -‬و‪ %‬ا&‪D‬ا‪ Wُ ,‬ورا َء اا‪َ َ%‬ةِ؟‬
‫‰ اَ*<( ا‪U‬ي‬
‫ا ِ‬
‫ج ) ُز َ َ& َة( آَ‪) َ(َ1‬و ‪2‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪ُ !R‬م ‪َ ْ3%‬وَ&ي 'َ‪ِ d‬ء ا&‪D mَ= ُ@D. 31D‬و َ‬
‫ج ِ!َ@ُ اَ*(َ ‪ِ )/ِ َ(َl[َ ْ3%‬ء ‪ ِ@ِْ*َV‬و‪.ِ@ُِ*ُV‬‬
‫ أنْ ‪2 mَ ُ1‬و َ‬
‫َر‪َ َ,‬‬
‫‪ r‬دَ‪)َ= % -*' ٌA‬لُ؟‬
‫‪ -‬هَ‪َ 1َ&َ ْA‬‬
‫ ‪ !ًCَt‬أا‪ُ َ َ%‬ة ‪ٌ(D+‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪2 G‬‬‫‪ ُ@َ' ْAَ .A‬أه َ‬‫ي دَ ٍ‬ ‫قأ ‪2‬‬‫‪َ -‬ا َء ُة َوَ&ي 'َ‪d‬ء ا ‪َ )َ, 3ِ1&2‬‬
‫‪ K‬اَي ِء ا‪D‬هِ ِ‪ .‬وَ‪29‬‬‫ت 'ُ َ‬
‫ن 'ِ&ي دَ‪ ٌA‬وا‪ُ Uَ. ٌBِ4‬‬ ‫‪  3‬اَ‪ ،ُW‬و) آ َ‬ ‫‪ُ ِ%1‬‬
‫ن و=‪ ِ ِ jk‬ا‪U‬ي \ ‪َ ُ1‬و ُم‪.‬‬
‫ل ا‪ِ *p/‬‬ ‫أ‪ Wُ َ4‬أ‪ِ &َ' , *َ%‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن‪َ َ:ََ, .‬‬‫‪َ A‬‬‫ أ‪َ $a‬‬ ‫ق وا!َ&'‪+ -‬آِ َ‪ 0‬ا‪2 G‬‬ ‫‪َd‬‬‫ن 'ََ ا‪D G‬‬‫ل َ‪ -DG‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬ ‫و‪ ,‬ا‪ِ G‬‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫ل َ@ُ ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫ت و‪D ِ@ِ t‬هَ(ِ وا‪ِ /ِ9R‬ر‪َ " .‬‬
‫‪ُ َ/َ" K‬‬
‫‪ُ ُَ= ِ@1&َ1 3‬‬
‫‪َ َ A‬‬
‫ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫‰‬
‫‪ ٍ( َ= &َ C r‬و=َ ِ َ(ٍ‪ِ  .‬‬
‫‪ ْ& .3‬ا‪َ ُ=!V‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% r‬ا‪َ GD8‬‬ ‫‪&ِ' r‬ي أ‪َ D‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪  p1‬ا‪G‬آِ ُ‪D َZ \ 0‬‬
‫‪.ٌWِ*Dُ%  َ*َ' r‬‬
‫‪&ِ' r‬ي أ‪َ D‬‬ ‫ ِ‪ 2 ِ/‬هَ ِ‪ ِ U‬اَ‪D َZ dَ, !ِ(D$‬‬
‫‪ r‬أنْ =ُ‪ $a‬إ ‪D‬‬‫ا‪ 0ِ [َC‬أ!َ‪َ ُaِ*G‬‬
‫ َ‪ َoَ/‬ا‪G‬آِ ُ‪ 0‬را‪:ً ِ6َ6ُ% ِ@َ!َ+‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ*‪!ْ&َ ْZ, 0ُ D‬‬
‫ن ا‪:َ َVT‬‬
‫ل ‪ ً ِ<ُ%‬ا‪َ *p/‬‬
‫‪َ " 0D ُj‬‬
‫س ‪َ ْ3%‬ا َء=ِ@ِ وإ‪t‬ا ِم ا‪،َ31VT‬‬ ‫ƒ ِ@ِ ا‪ُ D‬‬
‫ ‪ُ َ% َ!َ1 %‬‬ ‫ع '‪ِ d‬ء ا&‪ َ 312‬إ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪ِ َ 8َ% E‬‬
‫‪َ ِ' -‬‬
‫ل‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ t2‬‬‫
'ُ) َ َ‬
‫‪ُ ْ:َ:َ .7‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ َG‬‬
‫‪َِ ً C2َHَ!ُ% kَ َHَ A‬دِى ِء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫ج َر‪ٍ ُt‬‬
‫
ا‪َ 'ِm‬‬
‫‪ُ َْ'mَ ,‬‬
‫\ أنْ‬
‫ن ‪ 2%‬إ ‪D‬‬‫‪ 3 3‬ري وه) َ‪9‬انٌ‪ , .‬آ َ‬ ‫وا‪ِ +.‬ء ‪َaَ[َ,‬وا ‪ 0ِ َ, ْ3% ِ(ََG‬اُ‪ِ C‬‬
‫ع ُ‪ َ َ] ،َ3%‬أ‪..... 2‬‬ ‫
‪ِ 1R‬‬
‫هََْ ُ‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫ل ‪ٍ Uَ ,‬‬
‫
ا‪G‬آِ ُ‪َ " 0D ُj ً D*َ% 0‬‬
‫`ََ َ‬

‫‪220‬‬
‫
‬
‫ب 'ُُِ@ِ‪ُ aِV .‬‬
‫
‪\)َ% 1‬يَ‪ k, ،‬ا‪U‬ي ‪+‬آَ َ‪d' 0‬ء ا&‪ 312‬و"َ‪ِ َ$ِ -$‬‬ ‫‪َ َ َ] -‬أ‪ُ aُCَ4 2‬‬
‫س ‪!ً Cَt‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪َ D‬‬
‫‪َ َ!َ" ْ&, E‬‬
‫‪ dِ ً /a A‬ذَ ٍ‬
‫‪َ َ!َ" 3‬‬
‫‪ ْ3' 7‬ا‪ ِ(G‬وإ'‪َ ََ, ، ِd‬‬‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ Hَ9‬‬‫')ا"ِ َ‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫ك آَ‪G‬آِ ٍ‪!0‬‬
‫‪ r‬و‪َ%‬آَ ِ‪َ m‬‬
‫‪َ ِ!َCُ -*' E‬‬
‫
ا‪)َC‬ا"ِ َ‬
‫‪َ ْaِV -‬‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬رأَ@ُ و\ َذ ‪ ُ@k/َ, ،ِ
D8‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫ƒ ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫َ‪َ D9‬‬
‫ك ِ‪ِ(َG‬؟‬
‫‪ -‬هَ‪ 0َ ِ*َ' ْA‬آ=ِ ُ‪َ 2 ِ 0‬‬
‫‪:-‬‬
‫‪ً k A‬‬
‫ل ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫‪َ َ,‬‬
‫‪\)َ% 1 ْ0َCَ -‬ي‪.‬‬
‫ن ‪ ً ِ<ُ%‬اَ َ‪:W‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ِ 3‬‬ ‫ق أُ‪ِ C‬‬
‫ب أ' ِ‬
‫‪ِ َ$ِ $َ" r‬‬‫‪ َ*َ, 3‬ا‪َ ِUَ ِ .ُ(َC1DH‬‬ ‫‪ ،ِ@ِ*َV , ُ@ُ!َ9ِ+ ِ@2*ِ -‬أ‪ُ Gَ D%‬‬
‫‪"V 3 A‬ن وآ= ِ‪ِ D ِ 0‬‬ ‫ل ا‪ِ $َa‬‬
‫ري ودرو‪ُ' I1‬ان و َوَ ِ& ِ [‪ .َ(l‬آَ "َ‪ِ mCِ َ$‬‬
‫)هَ‪ A9‬ا‪a'Dm‬ا( ‪َ 8ُ% Wَ %‬د َر ِة أ‪)%‬اِ ِ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪ْ3%‬‬
‫‪1 َZ ْrَ!َ1 ْ0َ r‬ر ا‪p َG‬‬
‫ف‪َ &َ ' .‬ذِ َ‬
‫ك ا‪ُ DD/‬‬
‫‪ 3‬و=َ‪َ D َG‬‬
‫و‪َ t‬ء ‪ Wِ D‬واُِ‪َ %‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬‫ت ' ٍ‬
‫ل ِ‪ٍ )َ8‬‬ ‫أنْ ‪َ )َ1‬‬
‫‪ -‬آُ‪)pa‬ا '‪ ْ3‬هَ ِ‪ ِ U‬اَ َ‪!ِ(َm‬‬
‫ق اِَ‪:ِ(D8‬‬
‫ن ‪ِ )َ, ْ3%‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪DُG‬اسُ‪ ،‬وه!َ َ‬
‫=َ َ)‪َ Dj‬‬
‫‪ E‬اَ)نُ؟‬
‫‪ِ dَ9 r‬م أ‪  p1‬ا‪ُ 1َ6‬‬
‫ن َ َ‬
‫‪َ ْ3َ% -‬أ ِذ َ‬
‫‪ٍ mَGِ d‬م‪:‬‬
‫ "‪ً ِL‬‬
‫ن ا‪p َG‬‬
‫‪ ُ َ َ ََ,‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫ن ‪1 َZ‬ر‪!ُ@َ/aَ ،‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪َ *p/‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ<ُ= r‬‬
‫
! إ‪َ D‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬أ‪َ ِ)ُt ْ3% ْKِ,‬‬

‫‪221‬‬
 ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% A‬د&ان و‪Z EَZ‬هِ‪ِ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬إ‪ t -‬ا‪*p/‬ن آُ ‬ ‫أََ
ْ اُ‪ُ kta‬ة ا‪َ .َ(َِ/.‬و"َ َ‬
‫ق‬
‫ح ِ@ِ ‪ ,‬وَ‪ ِ@t‬ا‪ .ِ َVT‬أ‪َ ,‬‬ ‫‪ r‬وَ ‪َ )D‬‬‫ج ‪ 0َ َ=V ِ@َِt ْ3%‬اُ* ِ‬ ‫ن ‪َ َ Vk,‬‬ ‫َ‪ .ُ َa‬أ‪ %‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫ل‬
‫‪&َ1 3‬ي ا‪*p/‬نِ‪ ،‬و" َ‬ ‫ق اِَ‪َ َ &َ ََ 0D ُj ،ِ(D8‬‬ ‫‪ِ )َ, ْ3% E‬‬‫‪ ْ3% 7‬ذُه)ِ@ِ ‪َ َj)َ ,‬‬‫ن ا‪Dm‬ا‪ُ L‬‬ ‫ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫ ِَ َ ٍة ‪:ٍ(َHِCَ=ُ%‬‬
‫‪&ُ َ' -‬كَ‪ ،‬إ اه‪ 0‬ا‪ُ DD/‬ء‪.‬‬
‫‪ -Cَ% % -‬هَ ِ‪ ِ U‬اَ َ‪ِ(َm‬؟‬
‫‪:E‬‬
‫ ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ 'D‬‬
‫‪ A‬وه) ‪ُ ِaَ!َ1‬‬
‫ل ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫‪َ َ,‬‬
‫‪ً)aَ' -‬ا ‪\)َ% 1‬ي‪ ،‬إ‪Uَ 1‬نْ  ِِوا‪ !َ19ِ+ ِ(َ1‬وا]ْ‪!!َ"َ+  ِْa‬‬
‫ل‪:‬‬
‫ َ‪َ , ،ِ8‬‬
‫ن َِْ*ِ‪ ِ@ِ/‬ا‪2 aD8‬‬
‫ َ‪ &َ C‬أ‪ٍ 1‬م ‪ -9َ+‬ا اه ُ‪ 0‬ا‪ُ ّّ/‬ء "ِ‪ -*' ُ@َ!D8‬ا‪ِ *p/‬‬
‫‪.E‬‬‫ح ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ -D!+ ِ a‬اَ‪ِ 6‬‬ ‫‰‪ .‬أآ َ& ُ‬‫‪ -*' 3‬ا ِ‬ ‫ي ‪\)َ% 1‬ي‪ ،‬وأ ‪ 3%‬اُ!َ َ)آ‪َ *2‬‬ ‫‪َ ِ` Uُ ُ%‬‬
‫‰  ا‪ َ(C2‬ا‪َ َ َ9‬ة '&َ‪%‬‬ ‫رِز" ‪&Gَ%‬ودٌ و"َ* "َ)عٌ وَ*)َ= ‪ ,‬اَ)ز ِة‪ َ D/َ1 .‬ا ُ‬
‫\ ‪ &ِ ' ,‬ا‪.-G4.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا‪ ِ(َG*D‬إ ‪D‬‬‫
‪ ْ3%‬أر‪ (Cُt) ِ(*%‬اَ*(‪ ْ0َ .‬أآُ‪ ْ3‬اَ‪k 0ُ َ*+‬آ ِ‬ ‫=َ َ‪m‬و‪ُ tD‬‬
‫س‬
‫ƒ ِ@ِ ا‪ُ D‬‬ ‫
‪ُ َ% َ!َ1 %‬‬ ‫ق اَ*ََ
ْ ‪)َ%‬از‪ُ Cَِ .1‬‬ ‫‪ِd‬‬ ‫‪ ََ' 1&َ` 3‬ا‪D َG‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ا ُ‬‫وَ‪َ ِ!ُ" D‬‬
‫ن اَ َ& ُر‬‫‰! وآ َ‬ ‫\ا ُ‬ ‫ƒ َ إ ‪D‬‬‫‪ 3‬ا‪ُa‬ا ُء َ َ‬‫
َ‪ُ G‬‬‫‪ A‬و"ُ*ْ ُ‬ ‫ ‪mُ+‬نٌ َ‪ 0‬أ'ِ‪ُ " ْ3% ُ@,‬‬ ‫‪D *' 3‬‬ ‫‪َ ََ َ,‬‬
‫ج َ)‪D‬ا (ِ ) ِر ‪&6‬ا َد‬‫ت '*‪ -‬آَ ٍ‪V m‬ر َ‬ ‫ل‪ُ َ:َ' .‬‬ ‫‪ُ -2َ<ُ1‬ء  ‪ktaُ%‬ةٌ \ =َ<ُ ُ '*‪ٍ  -‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ل وَ‪&+‬ي‪D ِ9َ ،‬‬ ‫ت ‪ ْ3%‬أ]‪ -‬ا‪ِ ].‬ء‪D9َ, .‬تُ‪ ،‬وه) ا‪)k‬فُ‪ ،‬أنْ أ!‪ِ  َ ِjk‬‬ ‫و`ِ ُ‬
‫
'*‪ -‬ا‪ِ H‬ء ‪ ٍ(َ9َ*َ%‬وَه‪  ٍ(D‬و‪L"ِ&`.‬‬ ‫‪ُ Dَ8َ, ،َV‚ A‬‬ ‫‪َُa*ِ 2ُ+‬ا ِء َد‪ َCَ,‬إ‪ٍ َ -‬‬
‫َ  ُ‪....ً Cَt  , 0‬‬
‫ل ‪:ًCُِ%‬‬
‫=ََ‪1 َZ 0َ D/‬ر و" َ‬
‫‪!r‬‬
‫‪َ َ*َ' r‬‬
‫‪ I‬ا!َ *َ َ‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪ُ HَG‬‬
‫‪ r‬آَ‪ً:‬ا‪.‬‬
‫ƒ   ا‪ُ CD8‬‬
‫ل ‪DHَ+‬شٍ‪ ،‬و=َ‪َ DَG‬‬
‫\ ِ ِ‬
‫‪ \ -‬أ‪َ ُ ُ9‬ذِ‪ُ 9ِa, ،َr‬ة \ =َ<ُ ُ إ ‪D‬‬
‫
َ‪ً *ُ /a‬‬ ‫و"َ َ‪ W‬ا‪!V‬رُ '*‪ِ َ 1mt -‬ة ‪ ِ  ,‬د‪ً &C
َ/َ َ(َ*t‬ة '‪&6 ْ3‬اد‪ ،‬و=َ)‪ُ tD‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ل اَ*َ‪ .ِ(َ9‬وَ‪ِ :َ!ِ -"d!َ ْ3ُ9َ ْ0‬‬
‫ع ا)زرا َء واد َة ورِ‪َ t‬‬
‫ت ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ aُG‬ة ا ِ‬
‫وا‪ُ َ!V‬‬
‫‪222‬‬
 ‫‪% A‬‬ ‫ل ‪ٍ [ِ' ٍ(َ9َ*َ%‬م‪k .‬آُ ُ‬ ‫‪ 3‬إ‪ -‬رِ‪ِ t‬‬ ‫‪2َHَ!ُ% r‬د‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪َ Cَ` ْ3% E‬‬ ‫‪ُ ِ*َََ, A‬‬
‫\ ‪ ,‬ا* ِ‬‫ُ‪ ِ!َC‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ِ@ِCِ")َ% E‬‬‫‪ِ َ/َGِ A‬‬ ‫ن اَ*َ‪ ،ِ(َ9‬آُ ‬ ‫€ ‪ِ )nُZ ,‬‬ ‫ل ا‪+.‬د‪َ 1‬‬ ‫‪ E‬وَ!د ُ‬‫ب ‪p ِGُ %‬‬ ‫َ‪  َ!H‬وَ‪ُ َ H‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ r‬آُ‪ &ُ ِCَ D‬آُ ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ ِUَ ِ ،َ*َ' B‬‬ ‫و َد َر‪ .ِ@ِ!َt‬وَ‪ D‬آَ
ْ اا‪ُ َ َ%‬ة ا! أه*َ‪َ d' ْ
َ9‬ء ا&‪p ُ*َ= 312‬‬
‫‪ , r‬دُ ا‪.ِ(َG‬‬ ‫ل ‪َ%‬ا ُ َ‪ &َ C‬أنْ 'َ ‪ -*َ' mD‬ا‪َ &ِ  DH‬ذِ َ‬‫َ*َ(ٍ ‪  , Uُ ُVk1 ً(ََ9Gَ%‬ا‪ُ ْ&َC‬‬
‫ن ‪ًِV‬ا‪:‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪َ /َ!َ,‬ء َ‬
‫
ا‪DHَ+ 1 mَ َ9‬شُ؟‬
‫‪ -‬وأ‪َ Cَ4‬‬
‫ل!‬
‫\ اَ*‪ ،ُA‬وَ‪ D9‬ا‪Cَ ِ@ِ 1َ!Z‬د ًة \ =َُ ‪ُ &D‬ر ِ ٍ‬
‫‪ ُ@ِ% K‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪َ َ1 ْ0َ -‬‬
‫ل ِ&&ان‪:‬‬
‫ُ ‪1 َZ D‬ر ِ‪ ِ(19ِG‬ا اه‪ 0‬ا‪ِ Š/‬ء ُورًا \ ‪ ِ@َ*َ' &َ 1mَ%‬و‪َ " ُ@D9‬‬
‫ق‪.‬‬
‫‪ِd‬‬‫‪ ََ' ْ3 3‬ا‪D َG‬‬
‫ع '‪ِ d‬ء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫ع '‪ِ َ 8َ% ْ3‬‬
‫‪ -‬وا‪ُ Hُ1 ِ ِ,‬‬
‫ل ا)ز‪:ُ 1‬‬
‫‪َ ,‬‬
‫‪ ِ@*َ' r‬ا!‪ ُ jk‬ا‪.‬آ ُ‪.‬‬
‫ح ‪\)َ% 1‬ي ' َ& ا‪"V 3 ِA$َa‬ن‪ ِ@ِ'&َ!, ،‬وَ َ‬
‫‪ &ُ َِ!َ -‬اِ‪َ !a‬‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪َ /َ!َ,‬ء َ‬
‫ن ا اه‪ 0‬ا‪D/‬ء!؟‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ=َى أنْ ‪َ َCَ, ِ &َ ِZَ!/‬‬
‫ل د&ان‪:‬‬
‫‪َ ,‬‬
‫‪.ِ@ِ*َ' A‬‬
‫‪ ْrِ* َ!/َ1 ْ0َ I‬آُ ‪D‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ HَG‬‬
‫ي أ‪  D‬آ
ْ ‪Gُ%‬آ(ً 'ََ(ً =ََ ُ‪D k W‬‬
‫‪َ \)َ% 1 K‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪p َG‬‬
‫ل ‪1 َZ‬ر‪:‬‬
‫" َ‬
‫
ِ‪ 0ِ 9ُG‬أ‪!ً $1‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪ 2‬أُ'ِ ُ‬
‫‪ \ -‬أُ‪َ َ' aV‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ري ودَرو‪ُ' I1‬ان‬ ‫‪ِ 3‬‬
‫ق اُ‪ِ C‬‬
‫ن‪ ْ
َ ِ ُ4 .‬أ' ُ‬
‫هَ‪Uَ9‬ا ‪َ َt‬تْ ا‪ُ )%ُ.‬ر ‪ Wَ َ")َ َ,‬ا[‪َ )ِD‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪َa'Dm‬ا و`) ِد َرتْ أ‪d%‬آُ ُ‪.‬‬ ‫‪"V 3‬ن وهَ‪ُ 9‬‬ ‫ل ا‪ُ ُA$َa‬‬ ‫وا ِ@ِ َ[‪ ،َ(l‬و'ُ ِ‪َ m‬‬
‫‪)aG% E‬ظ ) أ‪pَ8َ!َ ((* 7‬ف‪ ،1979 ،8% (!9% ،‬ص‪212-206‬‬

‫‪223‬‬
 ‫أٌ ل ا‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أ‪ ْ $%‬ا‪ ِ #‬ا"!‪:‬‬
‫ن ‪1 َZ‬ر و‪ُ%‬ا‪)/َ*َ1 ُ ِ,‬نَ؟‬
‫ن ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪% .1‬ذا آ َ‬
‫ل إ‪ -‬ا‪-DH‬ءِ؟‬
‫‪ 3‬ذَه)ا َ‪ &َ C‬ا)`) ِ‬
‫‪ .2‬أ‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% A‬ا‪ ْ
َj&َ َ+ ِ(َD/‬اِ‪ُ(D8‬؟‬
‫ي ‪ٍ 8َ,‬‬
‫‪ , .3‬أ ‪2‬‬
‫ن اَ‪)'m‬مَ؟‬
‫ن و`‪)*َ " %َ&ِ' ُ ِ+‬ا ا‪َ *p/‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪% .4‬ذا ‪َ َCَ,‬‬
‫س ا‪َ(َaD/‬؟‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪ُ َ ًG‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا!ََ َ‬
‫‪ .5‬آَ َ‬
‫ب ا‪U‬ي =َ َوَ@ُ اَ‪ُW‬؟‬
‫ َ!َ(ُ ا‪DH‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ % .6‬ه َ‬
‫‪ r‬ا*‪ِ(َ*D‬؟‬
‫‪ .7‬هَ‪ -Dَ] ْA‬أ‪َ *ِ= , ٌ&+‬‬
‫ن اَ‪ َ(ََ9ْG‬ا‪َ(D .‬؟‬
‫‪ -!َ% .8‬آ)ا ‪&ِCَ1‬و َ‬
‫‪ % .9‬ه ا‪ُ َ 9ِa‬ة ا! ‪َ ََV‬تْ ِ&َ&ان؟‬
‫ 'ِ&َ‪ %‬أُ‪ ْ
َGِ!ِ!,‬اَ‪ُ(ََ9G‬؟‬
‫‪ِ .10‬ذا ا‪ Wَ ََ!%‬وَ‪1 َZ ُ@t‬ر ا‪2 َG‬‬
‫‪َ ْ3َ% .11‬ر‪ Wَ َ,‬ا‪)9DH‬ى ِ*َ‪ ِ(ََ9G‬اَ‪ِ(َ%)'m‬؟‬
‫ن ‪dَ' ُ 8َ%‬ء ا&‪312‬؟‬
‫‪% .12‬ذا آ َ‬
‫‪ ْ3% .13‬هَ َ‪ , 0‬اا‪ِ َ َ%‬ة ‪dَ' &D ِ4‬ء ا&‪312‬؟‬
‫‪d‬قِ؟‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪D َG‬‬
‫ دوا‪ Wُ ِ,‬اا‪ِ َ َ%‬ة '*‪ -‬ا ِ‬
‫‪% .14‬ه َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ري؟‬
‫‪ِ 3‬‬
‫‪ِ Cُ 3‬‬
‫‪ِ .15‬ذا أُ!ُ‪َ C‬‬
‫ب‪/ .‬اب أم ‪+,-‬؟ أُآ"ُْ ‪ /‬أُآ"ُ‪ $%‬ا‪ 8َ 9‬ا‪ !345ِ6 +,7‬ا‪.ِ R‬‬

‫‪224‬‬
 ‫‪ 3‬ري دورًا `‪ً6‬ا ‪ ,‬اا‪ِ َ َ%‬ة‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ 3‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ُ C‬‬
‫‪َ ِCَ .1‬‬
‫‪.A‬‬
‫ن 'ََ ٍ‬
‫„ ا !ِ@ِ ‪&ِ ُ@D. َ(l[ ْ3%‬و ِ‬
‫ اَ*< =َ‪m‬و‪َ 1‬‬
‫‪َ .2‬ر‪َ َ,‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن '*‪ -‬ا&‪َ D‬ء ِة وا<ِ‪.ِ(D/‬‬
‫‪ُ A‬‬
‫‪ kَHَ .3‬ا‪G‬آِ ُ‪ 0‬ا‪ُ $a‬‬
‫ق آَ‪ًm‬ا 'َ[ً ' َ& ) ِر َ‪&6‬ا َد‪.‬‬
‫‪ُd‬‬‫‪ .4‬و‪ ََ' &َ َt‬ا‪D َG‬‬
‫‪.E‬‬
‫‪ -*' E‬ا‪ِ CDH‬‬
‫‪ 3% ِ@ِ!َ9َ*َ% -*' K‬ا‪D$‬ا‪ِ ِL‬‬
‫ن ا‪Dm‬ا‪ُ ِaُ1 ُ7L‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪ .5‬آ َ‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن ا‪ ِ@ِ!َCُ -*' ً,)َV َ(ََG‬و‪َ%‬آَ ِ‪.ِ m‬‬
‫‪ ْ7ِH9َ1 ْ0 .6‬ا‪G‬آِ ُ‪ 0‬إ ُ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ن ا‪p َG‬‬
‫
أ‪ ُ@D‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫ج ‪1 َZ‬ر َو َر"َ(ً ‪َ ِ:ُِ ِ@َِt ْ3%‬‬
‫‪ .7‬أ‪َ َ V‬‬
‫‪ 3‬درو‪ I1‬ا‪ِ DD/‬ء ‪ِ ):ُ' &َ C‬ر ِ '*‪ -‬ا‪.mِ َ9‬‬
‫‪ .8‬إَ*ََ
ْ ‪)َ%‬از‪ُ 1‬‬
‫ƒ درو‪ُ' I1‬ان ‪ ً(َ9َ*َ%‬وَه‪ٍ 1mَt -*' ً(D‬ة `َ‪ٍ َ 6‬ة َوَ‪ ِ َ َo‬دِ‪.َ(َ*t‬‬
‫‪ .9‬أّ َ‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ُa‬اء ‪ِ ):ُ' &َ C‬ر ِ '*‪ -‬ا‪.mِ َ9‬‬
‫‪ُ A‬‬
‫‪ B‬ا‪ُ $َa‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أ`َ َ‬
‫ل ‪ ,‬ا‪.ِ(َ1 2‬‬
‫ن ا‪m‬ا َء ا‪ِ C‬د َ‬
‫ اُ!ž‪%‬و َ‬
‫‪َ َ .11‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪.ِ(َaD/‬‬
‫ش ‪ ٍ(D*َ[َ% ,‬أ‪َ َa‬‬
‫ن ا‪ُ َC‬‬
‫‪ .12‬آ َ‬
‫‪ .13‬آ
ْ اَ‪ &َ Cَ &ُ َCُ= ُ(ََ9G‬ا‪ِ HِC‬ء‪.‬‬
‫ل ‪.ً aaَV‬‬
‫ن اََ ُ ‪ُ mِ َ1‬‬
‫‪ %&َ' .14‬أ"*َ‪ ْ
َC‬ا‪ ُ(َaD/‬آ َ‬
‫ث‪.‬‬
‫ ‪ ,‬ا‪Hُِ ِ(َaD/‬هِ َ& ‪ُ &ُ Gَ1 %‬‬
‫ ‪1 َZ‬ر ا‪p َG‬‬
‫‪َ َ .15‬‬

‫‪Functional Expressions‬‬ ‫ا‪!%:‬رات ا‪:;!5‬‬

‫ن ‪ ْ3%‬ا‪ِ َD$‬‬
‫‪&َ!َ1‬اوو َ‬ ‫‪to kill boredom‬‬

‫‪225‬‬
Wِ  D‫ ُم ا‬/‫أ‬ spring breeze

‫َاً؟‬aَ ‫ن‬
َ )%‫=َو‬ Are you planning a voyage?

ِ(َ D!‫ض ا‬
ِ )َV -*' 0َ Dَ` determined to go through the experience
‫') ُم‬mَ‫ن ا‬
ُ *p/‫ا‬ the fake Sultan

ُ(َ ِ Zَ.‫َِ(ُ وا‬C.‫أ‬ foods and drinks

!ٍ(D9َ*َ% ٍ(َ ‫ ُد‬k% ْ3%  َ 1 What a royal banquet!

.... ْ‫ن َ َأن‬

َ‚ it is time for us to …….

.‫ِي‬V ,  ِ َْ1 ْ0َ never crossed my mind

ٌ(َCِHَ ٌ(ِ1َt an ugly crime

‫ َء ِة‬D&‫(ِ وا‬D/ِ<‫ب ا‬

ِ /ِGِ for the sake of lowness & meanness

! ‫ًا‬V‫\ وأ‬
ً ‫ن أو‬
ُ Cَ!/ُ‫‰ ا‬
ُ ‫ا‬ I seek Allah’s help first & last

ِ@ُِ*ُV‫َ*ِ@ِ و‬V ‫) ِء‬/ِ for being ugly with bad manners

‫ٌ؟‬Aَ‫ د‬r
َ 1َ&َ ْAَ‫ه‬ Do you have evidence?

!ْ&َ Z, 0ُ D*‫أ‬ Let Allah be my witness!

)ُ'

ُ ْ:َ:َ I sent my spies

ًD*َ%

َ ََ` be quiet for some sime

.‫ف‬
ُ DD/‫ك ا‬
َ D َGَ= The executioner moved

!ِ(َmَ َ‫ ِ ا‬Uِ َ‫ْ ه‬3' ‫)ا‬paُ‫آ‬ Stop this ridiculous act!

!r
َ ِ)ُt ْ3% ْKِ,‫َأ‬ Wake up off your craziness!

226
 7
ُ L‫ا‬Dm‫ن ا‬
ُ *p/‫ا‬ the fake Sultan

!!َ"َ+  ِْaْ]‫إ‬ Forgive my stupidity!

.َ(C2‫‰  ا‬
ُ ‫ َ ا‬D/َ1 Allah blessed me with life of ease

1‫َ)از‬% ْ
ََ*َ‫إ‬ my criteria turned upside down

!‰
ُ ‫\ا‬
D ‫ƒ َ إ‬
َ َ ‫ُا ُء‬a‫ ا‬3
ُ Gَ We poor have Allah only!

‫ف‬
ُ )k‫وه) ا‬ the usual

ٌ(D‫َ(ٌ وَه‬9َ*َ% an imaginary kingdom

!r
َ َ*َ' r
َ َ* َ!‫ ا‬I
ُ HَG‫أ‬ Hashish has consumed your brain!

.ُ ‫َا‬% ‫ل‬

ُ ْ&َC‫  ا‬, Uُ ُVk1 Justice takes its course.

ٌaَ] ٌWَt big crowd

Grammar ِ‫ا‬$%‫ا‬
The Passive Voice for the present tense is on the pattern A
ُ َCaُ1 , and thus
formed throughinternal vowel change with Dhamma on the prefix consonant
and FatHa on the middle radical, as in:

‫ف‬
ُ َ ْCُ1 ------- ‫ف‬
ُ ِ ْCَ1
1. In Hollow Verbs the middle radical is always ‫ ا‬. The pattern , as in:

‫ل‬
ُ ُ1 ------- ‫ل‬
ُ )َ1
In Defective Verbs the ‫ ى‬takes over regardless of the original final long
vowel. Examples are:

‫ ى‬----- ‫ي‬ -%ُْ1 ----- %َْ1

‫ ى‬----- ‫ى‬ - ْُ1 ----- - ْَ1

227
 ‫ ى‬----- ‫و‬ -'ْ&ُ1 ----- )'ْ&َ1
2. Most of the Arabic Verbs are derived on one of the following patterns A
َ َCَ,
A
َ ُCَ, ، A
َ ِCَ, ،which are considered as one stem with various prefexes and/or
suffixes in conformity with the inflection patterns. These patterns are:

ُ
َ َ‫ آ‬،َ‫ب‬
ِ َZ ،َEَ!َ‫ آ‬----- A
َ ُCَ, ، A
َ ِCَ, ،َAَCَ, .1
‫س‬
َ ‫ر‬D ‫ َد‬----- A
َ DCَ, .2
&َ َ‫ه‬Z ----- A
َ َ', .3
A
َ َْ"‫ َأ‬----- A
َ َCْ,‫ أ‬.4
‫ث‬
َ &D َGَ= ----- A
َ DCَaَ= .5
A
َ َ َ= ----- A
َ َ'aَ= .6
َ َ/َ9ْ‫ إ‬----- A
َ َCَaْ‫ إ‬.7
Wَ ََ!ْt‫ إ‬----- A
َ َCَ!ْ,‫ إ‬.8
D َْ+‫ إ‬----- A
D َCْ,‫ إ‬.9
A
َ ََْ!ْ‫ إ‬----- A
َ َCْaَ!ْ‫ إ‬.10

Drill #1 ‫ول‬.‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Use the words and phrases in the Functional Expressions List in good sentences:

Drill #2 2‫ ا‬/01‫أ‬

Please choose the correct options:

. .‫ل ا‬
ِ ْ&َC‫ََ(ِ ا‬9Gَ% ِ(َCَ !ُِ 0ُ َ ‫ن‬
َ ‫ ُأ ِذ‬.1
:ƒ
ُ ِ‫آ‬Cُ‫ ا‬A
ُ Cِa‫أ‬
228
 ‫ت‪ .‬أُ]!*)ا‬ ‫ب‪)Cِُ% .‬ا‬ ‫‪0ُ َ B‬‬
‫أ‪َ ُِ .‬‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪)"Dَaَ!َ1‬ا‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أرَ*)ا اُ َ& ُِ‪َ " 0ِ ِ=َ َ`G‬‬
‫ƒ‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪C‬آِ ُ‬
‫أ‪ً Ca‬‬
‫ت‪)Cَِ!َْ1 .‬ا‬ ‫ب‪ُ1 .‬وِ‪)%‬ا‬ ‫أ‪)ِ%1 .‬ا‬

‫ َ‪.ِ(D$‬‬
‫‪ ِ@D*ِ r‬أنْ =ُ‪ $ْa‬إ ‪D‬‬
‫‪ .3‬أ!َ‪َ ُaِ*ْG‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫أ‪ .‬أنْ =ُ<َِ َ‪ِ(D$‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬أنْ =َ‪ Wَ َ/‬اَ‪2ِ% َ(D$‬‬
‫ن  ِوا‪ ِ(َ1‬اَ‪ِ(D$‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أنْ =‪َ k‬ذ َ‬

‫‪ % .4‬ه اُ*َ(ُ ا‪ُ(َGGَ8‬؟‬

‫ن اُ‪ 3C‬ا&‪.312‬‬
‫‪D mَ ُ% A‬و َر ًة ‪)ِ` ,‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬ري ر‪َ L‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬و‪dَ' Wَ 4‬ء ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬ري‪.‬‬
‫ن اُ‪ِ 3C‬‬
‫‪D mَ ُ% A‬و َر ًة ‪)ِ` ,‬ا ِ‬
‫ب‪ .‬و‪dَ' Wَ 4‬ء ا&‪ 312‬ر‪َ L‬‬
‫ن 'َ‪d‬ء ا&‪.312‬‬
‫‪D mَ ُ% A‬و َر ًة ‪)ِ` ,‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬ري ر‪َ L‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬و‪ Wَ 4‬اُ‪ُ 3C‬‬
‫ي‪.‬‬
‫ت ‪َ) َt‬ر Š‬
‫‪ٍ )َ8ِ d‬‬
‫‪ً ِL" 7‬‬
‫‪َ .5‬و"َ َ‬
‫أ‪ ُ(َa28‬اُا ِد‪:ُ(َ,‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫ت‪ٍ ِCَ=ُ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬وا ٍء‬ ‫ل‬
‫أ‪ٍ ' .‬‬

‫‪229‬‬
 ‫‪ .6‬أََ
ْ اُ‪ُ kta‬ة ا‪.َ(َِ/.‬‬
‫‪:3‬‬
‫ن ا‪َ 1ِ4G‬‬
‫ه‪U‬ا ‪ Cَ1‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫ت‪َ .‬و‪)َj‬ا‬ ‫ب‪)9ِGَ4 .‬ا‬ ‫أ‪ُ .‬ذهِ*)ا‬

‫‪ , K‬ا‪)9DH‬ى‪.‬‬
‫‪ &ُ َِCَ= .7‬اَ‪ِ GD!*ِ ُ(ََ9G‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫ƒ ‪َ -C%‬ذِ َ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ت‪ ِ(ََ<ُِ .‬ا‪ُ )َ aD8‬ة‬ ‫ع ا‪)9DH‬ى‬
‫ب‪ِ َ/ِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ , ِ َ[D*ِ .‬اَ‪ِ(D$‬‬

‫‪ % .8‬ه اُ*َ(ُ ا‪ُ(َGGD8‬؟‬

‫ج ُز َ َ& َة‪.‬‬
‫‪D mَ َ= ُ@D. 3‬و َ‬
‫أ‪ .‬إ!ََ َ‪ِ dَ' 3% ُ(َl[َ 0‬ء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫ج ا‪%‬أ ًة أُ‪V‬ى‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬إ!َََ
ْ ُز َ َ& ُة ‪D mَ َ= ُ@D. َ(َl[َ ْ3%‬و َ‬
‫
ُز َ َ& َة‪.‬‬
‫ج أ‪َ V‬‬
‫‪D mَ َ= ُ@D. َ(َl[َ ْ3% 3‬و َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ!ََ َ‪ُ dَ' 0‬ء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬

‫‪ .9‬إ‪ ُ@َGُ ُ@D‬واِ ُ‪ W‬ا‪ ِ(َ+D‬واَ‪ِ َ ِa6‬ة‪.‬‬

‫أَ‪ُ )8‬د هُ ه)‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ا‪ِ(َpH‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬رَ‪ُ L‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬ ‫‰‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ ُ‬

‫‪ % .10‬ه اُ*َ(ُ ا‪ُ(َGGD8‬؟‬

‫ن‪.‬‬
‫ن "ََ ِ ا‪ِ %Dm‬‬
‫‪)َ` , 3‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ , 3‬وَ‪)َt Wِ 4‬هَ َ ِة اُ‪ِ C‬‬
‫‪ُ dَ' B‬ء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫أ‪َ ََ .‬‬

‫‪230‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ن 'َ‪ِ d‬ء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫ن ‪)َ` ,‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ , 3‬وَ‪)َt ِW4‬هَ َ ِة "ََ ِ ا‪ِ %Dm‬‬
‫‪ B‬اُ‪ُ C‬‬
‫ب‪َ ََ .‬‬
‫ن‪.‬‬
‫ن "ََ ِ ا‪ِ %Dm‬‬
‫‪)َ` , 3‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ , ُ(َl[َ B‬وَ‪)َt ِW4‬هَ َ ِة 'َ‪ُ d‬ء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫ت‪َ ََ .‬‬

‫‪.E‬‬
‫ ‪ ْ3%‬ا ‪ِ ْ'D‬‬
‫‪ُ ِaَ!َ1 A‬‬
‫ن ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫‪ .11‬آ َ‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫إ َذنْ آ َ‬
‫ت‪ً ZDHَ+ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً 1mَ+ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً aِLV .‬‬

‫‪.ِ(َِC.ِ A‬‬
‫س ا‪2/‬طَ ا‪َ ِ,G‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% ٌaَ] ٌWَt K‬ا‪ِ D‬‬
‫‪َ D*َGَ= .12‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪ -Cَ%‬ذ َ‬
‫ت‪)/َ*َt .‬ا ‪ُ@َ)َ+‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ )َ8َ .‬‬ ‫أ‪َ .‬ر‪ُ )Cَ,‬‬

‫‪ .13‬أ*(ُ ا‪ ٍ(GGَ` ُ َ6‬ه‪:‬‬

‫‪)َ% 3‬ذًا ‪ً,َِGُ%‬‬
‫ن اُ‪ُ C‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬آ َ‬
‫‪% , 3‬ا‪ٍ َ %‬ة ] ِد َر ٍة‬
‫ك اُ‪ُ C‬‬
‫ب‪َ Z .‬ر َ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ل اُ‪َ ِ*/‬‬
‫ق أ‪)%‬ا َ‬
‫‪ 3‬ا&‪َ %2‬ء وَ َ َ‬
‫‪ r‬اُ‪ُ C‬‬
‫ت‪َ َaَ .‬‬

‫‪ َ َ:َ' %َ&َ' .14‬ا‪ُ DD/‬ء '*‪ -‬ا‪:mِ َ9‬‬

‫ل و‪ُ &َ +‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ!‪ِ  َ َjk‬‬ ‫ب‪َ Dَ6َ= .‬تْ ‪ُ@ُ=َ+‬‬ ‫س‬
‫ƒ ا‪ُ D‬‬
‫أ‪َ َ% َ= .‬‬

‫‪231‬‬
 ‫‪َ '  َ B‬د ًة ُِ! َ‪ ِ(َC‬اَ‪.ِ(ََ9G‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% ٌ(D*ِ" .15‬ا‪ِ )aD8‬ة ‪ُ َ/ُ1‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫ت‪0ُ ُ$Cَ .‬‬ ‫ب‪0ُ َُ[Cِ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬آُ*‪0ُ p‬‬

‫ب ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ .16‬أَ‪U‬ي = َ‬
‫‪ 3‬وَ ِ"َ(ِ ا&‪ِ %2‬ء‪.‬‬
‫ل اُ‪َ */‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪)ْ%‬ا ِ‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن َ‪ِ aَ &َ C‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬إ ُ‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ل اُ‪َ ِ*/‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا&‪ِ %2‬ء وَ ِ"َ(ِ أ‪)%‬ا ِ‬
‫ن اَ‪)'m‬مُ َ‪ِ aَ &َ C‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا&‪ِ %2‬ء‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3‬وَ‪ِ a‬‬
‫ل اُ‪َ ِ*/‬‬
‫ َ‪ ِ(َ"ِ َ &َ C‬أ‪)%‬ا ِ‬
‫ن ا‪p َG‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ُ *p/‬‬

‫ اُ*َ(ُ ا‪ُ(َGGD8‬؟‬
‫‪ % .17‬ه َ‬
‫‪ 3‬هُ ا!ž‪ ُ %‬وا‪.ُ(َ"ِ D/‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬آَ
ْ =ُ َ! 'َ‪d‬ء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬آَ
ْ =ُ َ! دَرو‪ُ' I1‬ان هُ ا‪ ُ(َ"ِ D/‬وا!ž‪ -*' ُ %‬اُ‪َ ِ*/‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ل اُ‪َ ِ*/‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا&‪ِ %2‬ء وَ ِ"َ(ُ أ‪)%‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ 3‬ري هُ َ‪ُ a‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬آَ
ْ =ُ َ! إ ِ‬

‫‪ K‬ا‪. ......  ِ/ِ*ِ ُ(ََG‬‬

‫‪ٍ )َ1 , .18‬م ‪ُ ُَ!َ %‬‬
‫أ‪ ُ(َa28‬اُَِ(ُ ه‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬اي ِء‬ ‫‬
‫ب‪ .‬ا<َ‪2 a‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬ا‪ِ 1)D‬‬

‫‪ D ِ 7‬اا‪ِ َ َ%‬ة '*‪dَ' -‬ء ا&‪ 312‬ه)‪:‬‬

‫‪ .19‬أَ‪U‬ي آَ‪َ َH‬‬

‫‪232‬‬
 ‫‪"V 3‬ن‬
‫أ‪ .‬أ‪G‬آِ ُ‪ 0‬إ ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬ري‬
‫‪ُ 3‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬أَ) ُذ ا‪ُ C‬‬
‫ƒ ا‪ ِ(َpH‬دَرو‪ُ' I1‬ان‬
‫ت‪ .‬رَ‪ُ L‬‬

‫
‪.‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن ‪ِ D8‬‬
‫‪َ \ .20‬ذ إ ُ‬
‫‪َ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫ل‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ t2‬‬
‫€ 'ُ)َ@ُ َ َ‬
‫ت‪D َ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ‪ َ َ l‬ا‪D‬هَ(َ وا‪َ /ِ9R‬ر‬ ‫
‬
‫أ‪َ َ9َ .‬‬

‫ن ‪. ......‬‬
‫ن ا اه َ‪ 0‬ا‪َ D/‬ء آ َ‬
‫لإ‪D‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أنْ َ) َ‬
‫‪ُ ِ9ُ1 \ .21‬‬
‫ت‪ً)َ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً 2V&َ ُ% .‬‬ ‫أ‪ً ِ%% .‬‬

‫ن‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪ َ َ:Cَ1‬ا‪ُ D/‬ء '*‪ -‬ا‪ % mِ َ9‬آ َ‬
‫‪َ َ" .22‬‬
‫ح ِ*َ‪ِ /‬ء‬
‫‪ ْ3% A‬ا‪ِ D8‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ ٍ(َ9َ*َ%‬ت‪ُ َCَ1 .‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬دَ‪&Gَ% ُ@ُ*V‬ودًا ب‪ِ k!ِ ُ 29َaُ1 .‬‬

‫‪ A‬ا! ُأ=‪ُ d'  ِ 0َ ِ 2‬ء ا&‪ % 312‬آ

‪:‬‬
‫‪ .23‬ا‪ُ ِLD‬‬
‫‪ِ(َ< K‬‬
‫ت‪ُ ُَ= .‬‬ ‫ب‪ً(Dَ+ .‬‬ ‫أ‪D mَ ُ% .‬و َر ًة‬

‫‪ .24‬إد‪1 َZ -'D‬ر و‪&ِ'/ُ%‬ا ُ أ‪:0ُ D‬‬

‫‪E‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬آَ)اآِ ُ‬ ‫ب‪Dُ= .‬رٌ‬ ‫أ‪)ُ4 .‬فٌ‬

‫‪233‬‬
 ‫‪ .25‬أَُ*َ(ُ ا‪ ٍ(َGGَ` ُ َ6‬ه‪:‬‬
‫‪ِ d' K‬ء ا&‪.312‬‬
‫ب 'ُ ِ‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن ه) ا‪U‬ي أ‪ِ َ$ِ َ %‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬إ ُ‬
‫‪ 3‬ري‪.‬‬
‫‪ K‬اُ‪ِ 3C‬‬
‫ب 'ُ ِ‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪َa'Dm‬ا ه) ا‪U‬ي أ‪ِ َ$ِ َ %‬‬
‫‪.َ(َl[َ K‬‬
‫ب 'ُ ِ‬
‫ت‪1 َZ .‬ر ه) ا‪U‬ي أ‪ِ َ$ِ َ %‬‬

‫‪Drill # 3‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬ا‪32‬‬

‫أ‪LDَ .‬ك ‪LDَ /‬آ‪ $‬اُ‪ 8َ 9‬ا"! َ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ] .1‬أ@ ‪ @. 7C4‬ه) ا‪U‬ي ‪+‬آ‪ 0‬ا‪d' 39/‬ء ا&‪ 31‬و"‪$ -$‬ب '@‪.‬‬
‫‪ € .2‬ا‪)C‬ن ‪ 3‬ر‪t‬ل ا‪+.‬ء ‪ [,‬ت ا‪ 3% (G‬ا‪9/‬ان ا‪ 3 3C‬ري‪.‬‬
‫‪V .3‬ف ا‪ 3' 7H9‬ا‪ (G‬وإ'‪ d ƒa A!" 3, ، d‬ذ‪ A!" E‬اس ‪.Wt‬‬
‫‪ .4‬آ
=*‪ (CH (1t r‬أ]!*
‪  ,‬ااءة ‪/G‬ب ا<‪ (/‬وا&ءة وا[*‪.0‬‬
‫‪ .5‬إ!‪ ‰ @!a*G‬أن ‪ / $a1‬ه‪ U‬ا‪&' rZ d, ($‬ه أ@ '*  ‪.W*%‬‬
‫‪ 34 )C= .6‬ا‪' -*' ƒ*t -!+ (ZG‬ش =‪ , (*[%
G‬أ'*‪ -‬ا‪.(a/‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ا‪ „'m‬ا‪G‬آ‪ 0‬ا‪'m‬ج ر‪ WH!% kH At‬دِىء ا&‪ 31‬ا‪ %dR‬ا‪.7G‬‬
‫‪8% E' .8‬ع '‪d‬ء ا&‪ ƒ% !1 31‬اس '‪ 3‬اء=@ وإ‪t‬ام ا‪.31VT‬‬
‫‪ .9‬ه‪ U‬ا‪)9Z , KG!* &C= (9G‬ى ‪ 3% ('),%‬ر‪ 3' o/ At‬ا'&ام ا @‪.‬‬
‫‪ .10‬إ=<‪U‬وا ‪), 0 /%‬ق و‪% &L‬و‪ (/% (G/, -*' (+‬أ‪%‬م ا‪C‬ش‪.‬‬

‫‪234‬‬
 ‫ ا‪!94‬ت ا"! "‪:9 89 C4‬‬
‫ب‪َ .‬أِْ ‪ /‬أي ‪َ PDP‬‬
‫ن 'ََ‪.‬‬
‫ َ‪ -DG‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن وا!َ&'‪+ -‬آِ َ‪ 0‬ا‪2 G‬‬
‫‪َ A‬‬
‫ق أ‪َ $a‬‬
‫‪َd‬‬‫ل ا‪D G‬‬
‫‪ , .1‬ا‪ِ G‬‬
‫ق ‪1 َZ‬ر ‪ ْ3%‬ذه)ِ@ِ ا!‪.ِ(َ D‬‬
‫ض أ‪َ ,‬‬
‫‪ِ )َV -*'  ِ!َ1 ِ -!+ 0َ Dَ8َ, ، .2‬‬
‫ق ‪َ %‬ر‪)َ" Wَ َ,‬مٌ ‪.ٍ(ََ9Gَ%‬‬
‫ن ‪ِ &َ` , ْ
َِ8ُَ,‬ر ا‪p/‬ا ِد ِ‬
‫‪ .3‬ا‪2/‬طَ و‪َ t‬ء ِِَ‪َ 'ُ ِ(D8‬‬
‫‪&َ1 3‬ي و‪ِ@ِ t‬‬
‫‪َ َ A‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫ت ‪D‬هَ(ِ وا‪ِ /ِ9R‬ر ‪َ َ:َ%‬‬
‫‪ُ َ/َ" K‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ا‪*p/‬ن =َُ ُ‬
‫ب ‪ -D!+‬واَ َ(ِ‬
‫‪ .5‬أَ` )ا ‪)CZ ْ3%‬ا و=َ َ)ه‪ ْ
َD‬أروا‪ِ )َ HD 0ُ ُ+‬ة ا‪ِ C‬م وا‪DH‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ A‬أنْ ‪)"Dَaَ!َ1‬ا‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ َ& ُِ‪َ َ" 0ِ ِ=َ َ`G‬‬
‫ف ‪َ ُِ -D!+‬‬
‫ن ‪ ,‬ا‪8R‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ E‬أنْ َ‪ِ k!/‬ذ ُ‬
‫‪ُ َِ1 .6‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ل ا‪2 .‬‬
‫ƒ و= ‪1 َZ ِ(ََ9Gَ% ِ(َCَ !ُِ ٍ(D*ِ" W% ُ C‬ر ا‪ِ &َC‬‬
‫ن َ  ‪َ َ*َt‬‬
‫‪ ْ3% .7‬ا‪ِ )aD8‬ة ُأ ِذ َ‬
‫ل‪.‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا‪)%.‬ا ِ‬
‫‪ E‬أ‪ِ aَ , ƒ6‬‬
‫ ‪ ُ@D.‬ا&‪ِ %D‬ء وَ‪1 َZ ُ@t‬ر اَ‪ ِ(َn1‬وَ ِ‬
‫‪ .8‬إ‪ Wَ ََ!%‬ا‪2 َG‬‬
‫س ‪mُ+‬نٌ ‪.ٌ&1&َZ‬‬
‫ƒ ِ@ِ ا‪ُ D‬‬
‫
‪ُ َ% َ!َ1 %‬‬
‫ َِ‪ُ C‬‬
‫‪D *' 3‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا ُ‬
‫‪َ ِ!ُ" Dَ 3‬‬
‫‪َ ََ َ, 1&َ` .9‬‬
‫‪.َ V‚ A‬‬
‫ل َد‪ َCَ,‬إ‪ٍ َ -‬‬
‫‪ِ  2ُ+ 3‬‬
‫ت أنْ أ!‪D ِ9َ َ ِjk‬‬
‫‪ .10‬وَ‪&+‬ي ِ*‪َُa‬ا ِء ‪ُ D9َ,‬‬

‫‪Drill # 4‬‬ ‫أ‪ /01‬اا!‪4‬‬

‫‪Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:‬‬

‫ اُ*َ(ُ ا‪(GGD8‬؟‬
‫‪ % .1‬ه َ‬
‫‪ A‬ا ِ@ِ ‪% ُ@Dk‬ا‪َ%‬ةٌ ] ِد َرةٌ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 7‬درو‪ُ' I1‬ان ‪َ َ!ْ%‬‬
‫أ‪َ .‬و`َ َ‬
‫‪ A‬ا ِ@ِ ‪% ُ@Dk‬ا‪َ%‬ةٌ ] ِد َرةٌ‪.‬‬
‫ق ‪َ َ!ْ%‬‬
‫‪ُd‬‬
‫‪ ََ' 7‬ا‪َD َG‬‬
‫ب‪َ .‬و`َ َ‬
‫‪ A‬ا ِ@ِ ‪% ُ@Dk‬ا‪َ%‬ةٌ ] ِد َرةٌ‪.‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن ‪َ َ!ْ%‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا ُ‬
‫ت‪َ .‬و`َ ُ‬

‫‪235‬‬
 ‫ƒ اَ*َ‪ ِ(َ9‬ا َ)هْ‪:ِ(D‬‬
‫‪ َ D9َ, %&ِ' .2‬ا اه‪ 0‬ا‪ُ D/‬ء !‪ِ k‬‬
‫ل اَ*َ‪ِ َ 9ِa*ِ ِ(َ9‬ة‬
‫ƒ رِ‪ُ t‬‬
‫أ‪َ DَGَ= .‬‬
‫‪ r‬وا)زَرا ُء‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪ ُ &َ D1‬ا‪ُ C¢8‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ا‪.*ُC‬‬
‫ع ِ*)‪ِ ِLl‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ‪َ !V‬ر ا‪َ aُG‬ة وا َ‬
‫ن ‪. .......‬‬
‫ن اَ‪ِ )'m‬م أ ‪D‬‬
‫ƒ ‪ ,‬رأي ا‪ِ *p/‬‬
‫‪َ َ .3‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬رَ‪ ُ@َ!َ+‬واِ‪ٌ(َC‬‬
‫ب‪ ً(ِ1َt .‬واِ‪ْ
َ*َ8َ+ ْ&" ً(َC‬‬
‫ب ا<ِ‪ِ(D/‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬اَا َء َة "&ْ أُ]!*َ
ْ ِ‪ِ /ِG‬‬

‫‪ .4‬اُ*َ(ُ ا‪ ٍ(َGGَ` ُ َ6‬ه‪:‬‬

‫س أ ‪ُ 1‬ء‬
‫ن ا‪َ D‬‬
‫‪ &ُ َِ!Cَ1 3‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫ن '‪ُ d‬ء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬آ َ‬
‫ن َ‪ًn1‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آ َ‬
‫ن 'َ‪َ d‬ء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫ف َ[‪ ُ(l‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫ب‪َ َ َ' .‬‬
‫ن ‪ً ِUُ%‬‬
‫‪ 3‬آ َ‬
‫ن 'َ‪َ d‬ء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫نأ‪D‬‬
‫س ‪&َِ!Cَ1‬و َ‬
‫ن ا‪ُ D‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬آ َ‬

‫‪ % .5‬ه اُ*َ(ُ ا‪ُ(GGD8‬؟‬

‫‪D K‬هَ(ِ وا‪ِ /ِ9R‬ر‪.‬‬
‫ت َو‪ُ ُَ= ََ' ِ@ْt‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬آ
ْ "َ‪ُ َ/‬‬
‫‪D K‬هَ(ِ وا‪ِ /ِ9R‬ر‪.‬‬
‫ت َو‪ ِ@ْt‬اَ*< =َُ ُ‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪ .‬آ
ْ "َ‪ُ َ/‬‬
‫‪D K‬هَ(ِ وا‪ِ /ِ9R‬ر‪.‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن =َُ ُ‬
‫ت َو‪ ِ@ْt‬إ ِ‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ .‬آ
ْ "َ‪ُ َ/‬‬
‫‪ .6‬اُ*َ(ُ ا‪ ٍ(GGَ` ُ َ6‬ه‪:‬‬

‫‪236‬‬
 ‫ع 'َ‪ِ d‬ء ا&‪.312‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن ِ ‪ D‬اَ‪ِ َ 8َ% &َ Cَ ِ(D$‬‬
‫ف ا ُ‬
‫أ‪َ َ َ' .‬‬
‫ع 'َ‪ِ d‬ء ا&‪.312‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬إ‪ Wَ َ*D‬ا‪َa'Dm‬ا '*‪ D ِ -‬اَ‪ِ َ 8َ% &َ Cَ ِ(D$‬‬
‫ت‪ 0َ ِ َ, .‬ا اه‪ 0‬ا‪D/‬ء ِ ‪ِ dَ' ِ(D$َ" D‬ء ا&‪.ِ@ِ'َ 8َ% &َ Cَ 312‬‬

‫‪ % .7‬ه اُ*َ(ُ ا‪ُ(َGGD8‬؟‬

‫‪.ًDَ] B‬‬
‫ج ا‪ُ D/‬ء أر‪ َ(َ*َ%‬اَ* َ‪ &َ ْC‬أنْ أ`َ َ‬
‫أ‪D mَ َ= .‬و َ‬
‫ن ‪ًَ,‬ا‪.‬‬
‫ب‪D mَ َ= .‬و‪ ْ
َt‬أر‪ ُ(َ*َ%‬اَ* ا‪َ D/‬ء 'ِ&َ‪ %‬آ َ‬
‫ت‪D mَ َ= .‬و‪ ْ
َt‬أر‪ ُ(َ*َ%‬ا‪َ D/‬ء اَ* َ‪ &َ C‬أنْ و‪ &َ َt‬ا‪.mَ َ9‬‬

‫ل 'ِ[ ٍم‪:‬‬
‫‪ r‬اُ!َ‪2َH‬دون إ‪ -‬ر‪ٍ t‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ُ CD8‬‬
‫‪ُ ِ*ََ1 .8‬‬
‫ت‪ , .‬ا‪ِ(َaD/‬‬ ‫ب‪ , .‬اَ‪ِ(َ9G‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أ‪ , .‬ا*‪ِ D‬‬

‫ل ‪. ........‬‬
‫ن "ِ‪ َ(D8‬ا‪ِ D/‬ء =َ‪َ /‬ء َ‬
‫‪ Wَ َِ Dَ .9‬ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫ت‪ً t&2 َ َ!ُ% .‬‬ ‫ب‪ًَِ4 .‬ا‬ ‫أ‪ًِV .‬ا‬

‫ اُ*َ(ُ ا‪ُ(َGGD8‬؟‬
‫‪ % .10‬ه َ‬
‫‪ A‬اَ*< وا‪َa'Dm‬ا و`) ِد َرتْ أ‪)%‬اُ ُ‪.‬‬
‫أ‪َ ِ8ُ, .‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن واَ*< و`) ِد َرتْ أ‪)%‬اُ ُ‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬إ ُ‬
‫ب‪َ ِ8ُ, .‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن و`) ِد َرتْ أ‪)%‬اُ ُ‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪َa'Dm‬ا وا ُ‬
‫ت‪َ ِ8ُ, .‬‬

‫‪237‬‬
 ‫‪"V 3‬ن را‪.ًِ66ُ% ِ@َ!َ+‬‬
‫‪ َoَ/َ .11‬ا ُ‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫ت وا‪ٍ -‬ء‬
‫ب‪ٍ )8ِ 0َ D*َ9َ= .‬‬ ‫ع‬
‫ت ‪ٍ )/ِ%‬‬
‫ل ب‪ٍ )8ِ 0َ D*َ9َ= .‬‬
‫ت ' ٍ‬
‫أ‪ٍ )8ِ 0َ D*َ9َ= .‬‬

‫‪&ِ' r‬ي أ‪ -*' ٌWِ*Dُ% ُ@D‬ا‪.ِ(ََG‬‬

‫‪D َZ \ .12‬‬
‫‪ r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫‪ A‬ا‪َ(ََG‬‬
‫ت‪ُ َ َ1 .‬‬ ‫ف ا‪َ(ََG‬‬
‫ب‪ُ ِ Cَ1 .‬‬ ‫أ‪ a<َ1 .‬ا‪َ(ََG‬‬
‫‪ &D ُ \ .13‬أ‪.ِ(ََG ُ َa[ََ D‬‬
‫ف‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُا ِد ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Cِa‬‬
‫ت‪&ُ َِ .‬‬ ‫ب‪Wُ َْ/َ .‬‬ ‫€‬
‫أ‪p َُ .‬‬

‫‪ % .14‬ه اُ*َ(ُ ا‪ُ(GGD8‬؟‬

‫‪.7‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ َG‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن ‪َِ ًC2َHَ!ُ%‬دى ِء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬
‫أ‪ kَHَ .‬إ ُ‬
‫‪.7‬‬
‫‪"V 3‬ن ا‪ِ َG‬‬
‫‪َِ ً C2َHَ!ُ% 3‬دى ِء إ ِ‬
‫ب‪ kَHَ .‬ا&‪ُ 12‬‬
‫‪.7‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‪ِ َG‬‬
‫ت‪ kَHَ .‬هَ‪ A9‬ا‪a'Dm‬ا ‪َِ ًC2َHَ!ُ%‬دى ِء ا&‪ِ 12‬‬

‫ن‪.‬‬
‫‪ .15‬إ‪ Wَ ََ!%‬وَ‪ Wَ َِ Dَ ُ@ُ t‬آ‪َ d‬م ا‪ِ *p/‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬

‫‪238‬‬
‫‪ r‬ا&‪ِ %2‬ء‬
‫ƒ ‪ِ ْaَ ,‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬إ‪َ ََ6‬‬ ‫ب‪ُ@ُ)َ َ Dَ6َ= .‬‬ ‫أ‪D َGَ!َ1 ْ0َ .‬كْ‬

‫‪ %َ&ِ' .16‬وا‪ ُ@َ َt‬اُ ُ& َ‪َ َ+ ُ@َ' &ُ َ= ْ0‬آَ(ٌ وا‪&َ ِ+‬ةٌ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Cَ1 r‬أ‪:ُ@D‬‬
‫َذِ َ‬
‫ت‪ْ&D+)َ َ!َ1 ْ0َ .‬‬ ‫ب‪ْ0D*َ9َ!َ1 ْ0َ .‬‬ ‫أ‪D َGَ!َ1 ْ0َ .‬كْ‬

‫‪&َ1 3‬ي ا‪G‬آِ ِ‪.0‬‬

‫‪َ َ A‬‬
‫‪ A‬ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫‪َ َ:َ% .17‬‬
‫‪:A‬‬
‫‪ -Cَ%‬ا‪ِ Cَa‬‬
‫ب ‪ُ@ِ%‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬هَ َ َ‬ ‫ب 'َ@ُ‬
‫ب‪َ ] .‬‬ ‫أ‪ َ َ$َ+ .‬أ‪ُ@َ%%‬‬

‫‪ .18‬أُ*َ(ُ ا‪ ٍ(GG` ُ َ6‬ه‪:‬‬

‫ƒ ‪.ٍ(DَV ٍ(َ9َ*َ%‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪DD/‬ءِ ِ*‪َ ِ(َ*ُ/‬د‪ِ ْk!ِ ُ@َCَ,‬‬
‫أ‪p ُ+ .‬‬
‫ƒ ‪.ٍ(DَV ٍ(َ9َ*َ%‬‬
‫ل َد‪ِ ْk!ِ ُ@َCَ,‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪ِ DD/‬ء ِ*‪ِ &َC‬‬
‫ب‪p ُ+ .‬‬
‫ƒ ‪.ٍ(DَV ٍ(َ9َ*َ%‬‬
‫‪ E‬ا‪DD/‬ءِ ِ*‪ُa‬ا ِء َد‪ِ ْk!ِ ُ@َCَ,‬‬
‫ت‪p ُ+ .‬‬

‫
ا‪G‬آِ ُ‪.ً D*َ% 0‬‬
‫‪ \ .19‬أدري ِذا `ََ َ‬
‫ف ه)‪:‬‬
‫‪ -Cَ%‬ا[َ ِ‬
‫ت‪ٍ &D ُِ .‬ة ]َ ِ ‪Cَ%‬و‪ٍ(َ,‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫
َ)‪ٍ 1‬‬
‫ب‪ٍ "َ)ِ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ٍ َ !َaِ .‬ة "َ‪ٍ َ 8‬ة‬
‫ت َوَ ِ& ِ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ A‬رأَ@ُ ‪ِ )َِ ٌ31mَ+ ُ@D.‬‬
‫ƒ ا ‪ُ ُtD‬‬
‫‪َ D9َ .20‬‬

‫‪239‬‬
 ‫ƒ‪:‬‬
‫‪ A‬اُ‪C‬آِ ُ‬
‫أ‪ُ Cِa‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أدا َر‬ ‫‬
‫ب‪ .‬أ‪َ َaV‬‬ ‫أ‪َ .‬ر‪Wَ َ,‬‬

‫ل اُ!‪ٍ َ ِ 0ُ َ D‬ة ‪" ،ٍ(َHِCَ=ُ%‬إ‪َ D‬يءٌ"‪.‬‬

‫‪َ " .21‬‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫إ َذنْ آ َ‬
‫ت‪ًaِLV .‬‬ ‫ب‪2َHَ!ُ% .‬دًا‬ ‫أ‪)*ْCَ` .‬آً‬

‫‪.َ َV‚ A‬‬

‫‪ُa*ِ ُ@pُ+ .22‬ا ِء َد‪ ُ@َCَ,‬إ‪ٍ َ -‬‬
‫‪ r‬إ‪-‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫ق ‚‪َ َV‬‬
‫ت‪ِ .‬رزْ ِ‬ ‫‪َ َV‚ K‬‬
‫ب‪ٍ 1َ .‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬آَ ٍ‪َ َV‚ m‬‬

‫‪ ِ@َ*َ' r‬ا!‪ ُ jk‬ا‪.‬آَ ُ!‬

‫ع ا‪G‬آِ َ‪َ َ*َ, 0‬‬
‫‪ .23‬إ!َ&ْ ِ‬
‫أ‪ُ )8‬د هُ‪:‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أُ*ُْ@ُ ِ*‪ِ )$ُG‬ر‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬إ!َ‪َ َCَ, ِ ْ&ِZ‬‬ ‫€‬
‫أ‪َ َ= .‬دلْ ‪ ُ@َCَ%‬ا‪َ 1&َG‬‬

‫ع"‪.‬‬
‫ن ِ! ِ‪" ِ@ِC‬وا‪ُ Hُ1 ِ ِ,‬‬
‫ل ا‪ُ *p/‬‬
‫‪َ " .24‬‬
‫‪:r‬‬
‫‪َ -Cَ%‬ذِ َ‬
‫ت‪ .‬إَ‪ْC‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أ‪ِْV‬‬ ‫أ‪ْ*ِ " .‬‬

‫‪240‬‬
 ‫‪ 3‬ري ‪)َ%‬ذًا \‪G‬ا‪.ِ@ِ=,‬‬
‫‪ُ 3‬‬
‫ن اُ‪ُ C‬‬
‫‪ .25‬آ َ‬
‫ن‪:‬‬
‫ه‪U‬ا ‪ Cَ1‬أ ‪D‬‬
‫ت‪ .‬أ‪ ُ@َ"dV‬واِ‪ٌ(َn‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أ‪ ُ@َ"dV‬إ‪ ٌ(D%d‬ب‪ .‬أ‪ٌ(َ' ُ@َ"dV‬‬

‫‪241‬‬
Reading Exercise ‫اءة‬%‫ ا‬/017
Read the following sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to them. Give the
tape to your teacher to check your performance. Once you are done with that please
translate them.

:(1m*9.‫(ِ ا‬6*‫ ا‬-‫* إ‬1 % tَ= / ْ0tَ=

‫؟‬2َG‫س ا‬
ِ  ‫ َم‬%‫ أ‬r
َ ِ!َCُْ -*' ‫ف‬
ُ <َ= \‫ أ‬.1
. َCَ% A
َ َِ' ْ3َ% A
2 ُ‫ آ‬-*' ‫ُ َو ُم‬1 \ ٌjk=  َ ‫ن‬
َ ‫ آ‬.2
.ƒ
ِ %‫َ"َ!ِ  َ*َ(َ أ‬Gِ ‫ِ َ َة‬a6‫  وَ*َ
ْ ا‬2%ُ‫ْ أ‬3%

ُ ِ‫َرتْ ا‬Uَ!'‫ ا‬.3

.‰
ُ ‫\ا‬
D ‫ إ‬Wِ "‫ا ا)ا‬U‫ ه‬, َ ƒ
َ َ ُ@D‫ "َ'َ(ٍ أ‬-*' ‫ُا ُء‬a‫ ا‬3
ُ Gَ .4
.0ُ َ‫)ا‬%‫ق أ‬
َ َ َ‫ و‬3
َ */ُ‫ َء ا‬%ِ‫ د‬r
َ َaَ ْ&َ" ‫&ا َد‬6 , ‫ن‬
ُ *p/‫َ ا‬rِ‫ن َذ‬
َ ‫ آ‬.5
.0ِ ِ‫* َِ ِز‬L‫ْا‬R‫ ا‬7
ِ ْ8َ‫ل ا‬
َ dِV E
ِ َ'D ‫ْ ا‬3% ‫ن‬
َ )$ِaَ!َ1 ‫ َة‬mD َ] ‫ل‬
َ a‫ن أ‬
D ‫ إ‬.6
.3
َ 1َV.‫ ا‬E
2 ُ+ -*' kَ َHَ ُ@D. ْoََ, ِ@ِ/aَِ ‫ل‬
ِ  َ ِjk!/َ1 ْ‫ْ أن‬29َaُ1 ْ0َ .7
.‫ َة‬mَ َ6ِ Hَ+)‫ْ ا‬78َ‫هِ ُ& ا‬Hُ 3
ُ Gَ‫ و‬A
ُ " ْ3% ُ@,ِCَ ْ0 ٌ‫ن‬mُ+ *َ' 3
َ ََ‫ ه‬.8
.‫ َة‬mD َ] , ‫ اُ ُ& ِد‬3
َ 1‫ز‬D‫ ا‬0ِ L‫َا‬t ْ3' % ً%)َ1 
D aَ<‫ِ  ا‬/ِ*ِ ُ(َG‫ ا‬K
ُ ُَ!َ .9
0ِ ِL‫ َِا‬0ِ L‫ا‬D&‫ ا‬91%‫ أ‬mِ pَGَ= 2 ِ ِ(َّ+ ْ3' َِ<ُ= ْ‫ْ أن‬0[َC‫ ‰ ا‬r َ ُaِ*Gَ!‫ أ‬.10
.‫ب‬
ِ َ َC‫& ا‬D ِ4 A َ L‫اا‬

242