You are on page 1of 2

COLLO, Mikhail Hans N.

CEM115-1/ C1

Sole Proprietorship

The sole proprietorship is the simplest business form under which one can operate a
business. The sole proprietorship is not a legal entity. It simply refers to a person who owns the
business and is personally responsible for its debts. A sole proprietorship can operate under the
name of its owner or it can do business under a fictitious name, such as Nancy's Nail Salon. The
fictitious name is simply a trade name--it does not create a legal entity separate from the sole
proprietor owner.

The advantages of a sole proprietorship include:
Owners can establish a sole proprietorship instantly, easily and inexpensively.
Sole proprietorships carry little, if any, ongoing formalities.
A sole proprietor need not pay unemployment tax on himself or herself (although he or she must pay
unemployment tax on employees).
Owners may freely mix business or personal assets.
The disadvantages of a sole proprietorship include:
Owners are subject to unlimited personal liability for the debts, losses and liabilities of the business.
Owners cannot raise capital by selling an interest in the business.
Sole proprietorships rarely survive the death or incapacity of their owners and so do not retain value.
Partnership

If your business will be owned and operated by several individuals, you'll want to take a look
at structuring your business as a partnership. Partnerships come in two varieties: general
partnerships and limited partnerships. In a general partnership, the partners manage the company
and assume responsibility for the partnership's debts and other obligations. A limited partnership
has both general and limited partners. The general partners own and operate the business and
assume liability for the partnership, while the limited partners serve as investors only; they have no
control over the company and are not subject to the same liabilities as the general partners.
Unless you expect to have many passive investors, limited partnerships are generally not the
best choice for a new business because of all the required filings and administrative complexities. If
you have two or more partners who want to be actively involved, a general partnership would be
much easier to form.

The advantages of a partnership include:
Two heads (or more) are better than one
Your business is easy to establish and start-up costs are low
More capital is available for the business
Youll have greater borrowing capacity
High-calibre employees can be made partners
There is opportunity for income splitting, an advantage of particular importance due to resultant tax
savings
Partners business affairs are private
There is limited external regulation
Its easy to change your legal structure later if circumstances change.
Disadvantages of a partnership include that:
The liability of the partners for the debts of the business is unlimited
Each partner is jointly and severally liable for the partnerships debts; that is, each partner is liable
for their share of the partnership debts as well as being liable for all the debts
There is a risk of disagreements and friction among partners and management
Each partner is an agent of the partnership and is liable for actions by other partners
If partners join or leave, you will probably have to value all the partnership assets and this can be
costly.
Corporation

A form of business operation that declares the business as a separate, legal entity guided by
a group of officers known as the board of directors. A corporate structure is perhaps the most
advantageous way to start a business because the corporation exists as a separate entity. In general,
a corporation has all the legal rights of an individual, except for the right to vote and certain other
limitations. Corporations are given the right to exist by the state that issues their charter. If you
incorporate in one state to take advantage of liberal corporate laws but do business in another state,
you'll have to file for "qualification" in the state in which you wish to operate the business. There's
usually a fee that must be paid to qualify to do business in a state.

The advantages of a corporation include:
Generally, a corporation's shareholders are not liable for any debts incurred or judgments handed
down against the corporation. Shareholders only risk their equity in the corporation.
Corporations may be able raise additional funds by selling shares in the corporation.
Corporations may deduct the cost of benefits it provides to employees and officers.
Some corporations may be able to elect treatment as an S corporation, which exempts them from
federal income tax other than tax on certain capital gains and passive income.
The advantages of a corporation include:
Forming a corporation requires more time and money than forming other business structures.
Governmental agencies monitor corporations, which may result in added paperwork.
Corporate profits may be subject to higher overall taxes since the government taxes profits at the
corporate level and again at the individual level, if such profits are distributed to the shareholders.
Furthermore, a corporation may not deduce from its business income any dividends it pays to its
shareholders.

You might also like