PACO

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SOME POSSIBILITIES:
He could visit the Times Square.
He may exercise around the entral Par!.
He mi"ht ex#erience the main tourist attraction in $e% &or!.
There is an o''icial lan"ua"e in this country( En"lish( so Paco
can communicate %ith )merican #eo#le %ithout any #ro*lem.
He mi"ht "o u# to the Em#ire State Buildin".
Paco could ta!e *uses on the +rand entral Station.
He should "o to the Statue o' Li*erty.
an he ta!e his camera, &es( he can.
Paco may not ta!e #hotos in the "alleries.
MODAL VERBS
Possibility
Possibility
Possibility
Possibility
Possibility
Ability
Recommendation
Permission
Prohibition
MODALS TO EXPRESS ABILITY
AND PERMISSION
TYPE USE MODAL VERBS EXAMPLE
1 Expressing ability CAN Mary can drive.
He can speak English.
2 Asking for permission MAY, CAN, COULD Could I borrow your pen?
Can he take his camera?
3 Giving permission MAY, CAN You can use my phone.
You can take photos here.
4 Refusing permission,
prohibition
CANT, MAY NOT You may not talk in the exam.
You cant take photos in the
galleries.
5 requests CAN, COULD Can you pass me the salt?
Could you turn on the fans,
please?
MAY, COULD AND CAN
May
May is a #olite modal ver* used to as! 'or #ermission.
May I have another #iece o' ca!e,
Could
ould is also used to as! 'or #ermission. It is less
'ormal than usin" may.
ould I *rin" a 'riend to the #arty,
Can
an is the least 'ormal o' the modal ver*s used to as!
#ermission.
an I %ear shorts,
Look at the following sentences and write which type you think it is. Then, use of
the modal verbs in the brackets to fill in the gaps.
Type
1. &ou -may.could/ 000000000.. leave no% i' you %ish.

2. -ould.May/ 000000000.. you o#en the %indo% a *it( #lease,

. -May.an/ 000000000.. you #lay the #iano,

!. Listen( #lease. &ou -may not.could not/ 000000000.. s#ea! durin" this
exam.

". &ou -can1t.mi"ht/ 000000000.. smo!e on the *us.

#. -an1t.May/ 000000000.. I ma!e a call on you cell( #lease,

$. 2o you !no% i' Mar! -can.may/ 000000000.. sin",

%. -an1t.May/ 000000000.. I sit here( #lease,

&. aroline( your 'riends -can.could/ 000000000.. stay the ni"ht i' they %ant
to.

1'. I1m sorry *ut you -can1t.may/ 000000000.. use the com#uter until a'ter
I1ve 'inished.

11. -May.ould/ 000000000.. you lend me 34 Euros until Monday,

12. Listen( #lease. Students -may.could/ 000000000.. study in the li*rary
'rom 5 to 6 in the evenin".


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may
could
can
may not
can1t
May
can
May
can
can1t
ould
may
7
5
8
3
3
9
8
9
7
3
5
7
ORDER THE SENTENCES
1. go/ May/ to/ I/ mall/ t!/ "
#. $a%/ &!/ gla&&/ a%ot!'/ a(!.
). yo*'/ I/ +o''o,/ +-.!/ May/ "
/. &0!a./ 1'!2/ 0l!a&!/ I/ Co*l2/ ,-t/ "
3. t!/ May/ 0lay/ ga'2!%/ -%/ t!/ $-l2'!%/ "
4. may %ot/ !'!/ Yo*/ &tay.
5. yo*/ Co*l2/ &om!t-%g/ I/ a&./"
6. ma.!/ yo*/ &om!/ Co*l2/ $o77!!/ "
8. $om!/ May/ -%/ I/ "
19. a :*!&t-o%/ I/ Ca%/ yo*/ a&./ "
Ima"ine you are visitin" a museum. &ou %ant to
!no% the rules a*out ta!in" #hotos0
&ou need to ma!e a #hone call( *ut your mo*ile is
out o' *attery. &ou enter a *ar and say0
&our #encil1s ti# has *ro!en. &ou as! your #artner
'or hi.her shar#ener0
;at :*!&t-o%& $a% yo* ma.!"
MATCH AND STIC<
A: Mary passed her
exam.
A: Ill work 12 hours
tomorrow.
B: He might/may/could
come later.
A: John hasnt arrived
yet.
A: Its raining really
heavily.
B: They cant have a
picnic.
B: he m!st "e very
pleasant.
B: You may be
exhausted.
B: She must be in love.
A: She cant
concentrate.
B: That cant be healthy if
you eat them every day.
A: All he eats is bread
and chocolates.
P'o+a+-l-ty
Im0'o+a+-l-ty
Po&&-+-l-ty
Po&&-+-l-ty
E=0la%at-o%
P'o+a+-l-ty
MODALS TO EXPRESS
SPECULATION
T()* +,* M-./L 0*12, *3/M)L*
1 To ex#ress #ossi*ilities 'or the
'uture
M)&( MI+HT( O:L2 It may rain
tomorro%
2 To ex#ress certainty )$1T( O:L2$1T(
M:ST
She can1t *e Irish
;or #ossi*le ex#lanations M)&( MI+HT( O:L2 She could *e
Scottish
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Look at the following phrases and write in which type you think they are. Then use one of
the modal verbs in brackets to fill in the gaps.
Type
1. They -may.must/ 000000000.. *e a%ay 'or the %ee!end *ut I1m not sure.
2. He -can.could/ 000000000.. *e ;rench( i' you listen to his accent.
. They -can1t.may/ 000000000.. still *e outside<
!. =ith luc!( tomorro% -can1t.could/ 000000000.. *e a sunny day.
". &ou -can.mi"ht/ 000000000.. *e ri"ht *ut I1m "oin" to chec! any%ay.
#. The exam -can1t.mi"ht/ 000000000.. *e easy. &ou never !no%.
$. It -may.can1t/ 000000000.. *e true a*out a dinosaur livin" in La!e Tel> in the
on"o. It1s im#ossi*le<
%. 2ave says Sheyla1s 'rom the :nited States *ut I thin! she -can.mi"ht/ 000000000..
*e 'rom anada.
&. I -can1t.mi"ht/ 000000000.. "o to the #arty *ut I1m not sure yet.
1'. This -must.could/ 000000000.. *e the ri"ht ans%er *ut %e1ll have to chec! %ith the
teacher to *e sure.
11. She -can1t.could/ 000000000.. steal thin"s 'rom sho#s. She1s rich and 'amous.
12. I really thin! ?eal Madrid -can1t.could/ 000000000.. lose the 'inal o' the @in"1s u#.
1. She1s *een #racticin" 84 hours a day 'or 7 %ee!s. She -could.must/ 000000000.. *e
exhausted.
1!. $o*ody1s ans%erin". They -can1t.must/ 000000000.. *e out.
Loo. at t! 0-$t*'!& a%2 ,'-t!
-2!a& tat yo* $a% &0!$*lat!
LOO< AT THE PICTURES AND
COMPLETE
H! a& a t!''-+l! toota$!,
! &o*l2 >>>>>>>>>>>>
I 7a-l!2 t! !=am, I m*&t
>>>>>>>>>>.
go to t! 2!%t-&t.
R!$omm!%2at-o% R!$omm!%2at-o%
&t*2y a'2
Mo'al o+l-gat-o% Mo'al o+l-gat-o%
I7 yo* ,a%t to lo&! ,!-gt, yo*
&o*l2 >>>>>>>>>>>>
Yo* o*gt to >>>>>>> o' yo*?ll g!t
-ll.
Yo* a(! to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Tat?& t! '*l!.
!at l!&& 7at.
R!$omm!%2at-o% R!$omm!%2at-o%
+! :*-!t -% $la&&.
R!$omm!%2at-o% R!$omm!%2at-o%
'!la=
O+l-gat-o% O+l-gat-o%
S! 2o!&%?t a(! to >>>>>>>>>
It?& S*%2ay.
At &$ool, &t*2!%t& m*&%?t
>>>>>>>
g!t *0 !a'ly.
No o+l-gat-o% No o+l-gat-o%
&mo.!.
P'o-+-t-o% P'o-+-t-o%
MODALS TO EXPRESS
OBLI@ATION
T()* +,* M-./L, *3/M)L* 4-T*,
1
O*li"ation
Have to Maria has to "o to ?ome.
Must ex#resses
more ur"ency
than have to.
must &ou must see a doctor.
She had to see a doctor.
:se only have to
in ver* tenses
a#art 'rom THE
P?ESE$T SIMPLE
2
$o o*li"ation don1t have to He doesn1t have to "o.

Prohi*ition mustn1t &oumustn1tinsult#eo#le

!
recommendat
ion
should
&ou shouldn1t eat so
quic!ly.
Ou"ht to
&ou ou"ht to #hone your
mother.
Ou"ht to is not
used in the
ne"ative.
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.ecide which type of modal goes with each sentence and then fill in the gaps with
5/0* T-, M+,T, ,5-+L. or -+65T T-. 7hen you see 4*6/T80*, the modal verb
must be in a negative form.
Type
1.
I' you %ant to lose %ei"ht( you 000000000.. eat #asta( #otatoes( %hite *read
or %hite rice. $E+)TIAE
2.
It1s alri"ht. &ou 000000000.. cometo Muriel1s%eddin"( i' you don1t %ant to.
$E+)TIAE
. Stu#id *oy< &ou 000000000.. #lay %ith 'ire< $E+)TIAE
!. I haven1t heard 'rom Eleanor 'or months. May*e I 000000000.. "ive her a call.
".
&ou 000000000.. remem*er your #ass#ort. Other%ise they %on1t let you on
the #lane.
#.
The %eather 'orecast says this %ee!end %ill *e 'ine. =e 000000000.. "o on a
#icnic.
$. &ou 000000000.. "o there on your o%n. It1s extremely dan"erous. $E+)TIAE
%. &ou 000000000.. come i' you don1t %ant to come. $E+)TIAE
&. &ou 000000000.. ta!e li'e so seriously. ?elax a *it. $E+)TIAE
1
'.
Oran"e Buice in cartons has no *ene'its in it at all< &ou 000000000.. ma!e it
yoursel'.
1
1.
&ou 000000000.. drin! and drive. $E+)TIAE
1
2.
These instructions are di''icult to 'ollo%. They 000000000.. to ex#lain thin"s
*etter.
LET?S PRACTICE
1. ItA& %ot o+l-gato'y to ta.! a t-!. Yo* >>>>>>> ,!a' o%!.
A. 2o%At a(! to
B. a(! to
C. &o*l2%At
D. m*&t%At
#. Slo, 2o,% o' ,!A'! go-%g to a(! a% a$$-2!%t. Yo* >>>>>> 2'-(!
&o 7a&t.
A. &o*l2%At
B. o*gt%At to
C. o*gt to
D. &o*l2
). B-llyB A'! yo* go-%g to t! 0a'ty"
SallyB IAm %ot &*'!. I >>>>>>> go.
A. m*&t%At
B. 2o%At a(! to
C. a(! to
D. m-gt
/. ;!'!A& t! to-l!t" I >>>>>>> go.
A. m-gt
B. &o*l2
C. a(! to
D. m*&t%At
3. >>>>>>> I *&! yo*' 0o%!"
A. &o*l2
B. a(! to
C. may
D. m*&t
4. Yo* >>>>>>>>> 2o yo*' om!,o'. o% Sat*'2ay mo'%-%g. Tat ,ay yo*
a(! t! '!&t o7 t! ,!!.C!%2 7'!!.
A. m*&t
B. m-gt
C. &o*l2%At
D. o*gt to
LET?S PRACTICE
5. Tomo''o,A& a ol-2ay. ;! >>>>>>>> g!t *0 !a'ly.
A. &o*l2
B. 2o%At a(! to
C. a(! to
D. m*&t%At
6. Yo* &o*l2 ta.! a% *m+'!lla. It >>>>>>>> 'a-%.
A. m*&t
B. &o*l2%At
C. m-gt
D. a& to
8. I7 yo* go &a-l-%g, yo* >>>>>>> ,!a' a l-7! Da$.!t. T! &!a -& (!'y
2a%g!'o*&.
A. m*&t%At
B. &o*l2
C. m-gt
D. m*&t
LET?S PRACTICE