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OPERATING SYSTEMS
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Boo Krstaji, PhD, University of Montenegro Podgorica
bozok@cg.ac.yu
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What is Linux?
Linux is a Unix-like kernel which is written by
Linus Torvalds and other developers, who
communicate using the Internet.
Linux runs on many different architectures.
The latest kernel and more information can
be found at: http://www.kernel.org
Linux is often confused with the GNU/Linux
system. Linux is only a kernel, not a
complete operating system.
GNU/Linux consists of the GNU operating
system with the Linux kernel.
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Linux History
UNIX: 1969 Thompson & Ritchie AT&T Bell Labs.
BSD: 1978 Berkeley Software Distribution.
Commercial Vendors: Sun, HP, IBM, SGI, DEC,
Minix: 1987 Andy Tannenbaum.
Linux: 1991 Linus Torvalds Intel on 386
processors (i386).
Open Source: GPL.
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What is GNU/Linux?
GNU is a free Unix-like operating system
(GNU = GNU is Not Unix).
GNU/Linux thus refers to the GNU
system running on the Linux kernel.
We should call Linux distributions
GNU/Linux distributions, because GNU
is a substantial part of most
distributions.
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GNU/Linux distribution
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Whats a Kernel?
Executive and system monitor.
Controls access to hardware.
Implements and supports fundamental
abstractions:
Processes, files, devices etc.
Schedules / allocates system resources:
Memory, CPU, disk, etc.
Enforces security and protection.
Responds to user requests for service (system
calls).
Etcetc
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Linux Features
UNIX-like operating system.
Features:
multitasking
multiuser
multiprocesing
multithreading
virtual memory (protected memory, paging).
shared libraries.
TCP/IP networking.
open source.
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Linux distribution
- Debian GNU/Linux
http://www.debian.org/
- Fedora
http://fedora.redhat.com/
- Gentoo Linux
http://www.gentoo.org/
- Mandrake Linux
http://www.linux-mandrake.com/
- Red Hat Linux
http://www.redhat.com/
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Linux distribution
- Slackware Linux
http://www.slackware.com/
- SuSE Linux
http://www.suse.com/
- Turbolinux
http://www.turbolinux.com/
- Conectiva Linux
http://www.conectiva.com/
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What is Slackware Linux?
Slackware Linux is a GNU/Linux distribution
which is maintained and developed by
Patrick Volkerding.
Slackware Linux does not have complex
graphical tools for configuring a system. it
provides more transperancy and flexibility.
Another basic feature of Slackware Linux is
the BSD UNIX-like concept.
The packages in Slackware Linux are
compiled with as little modifications as
possible. This means you can use most
general GNU/Linux documentation.
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Slackware Linux 10.0 features
Linux 2.4.26 - Slackware Linux uses the proven 2.4
Linux kernel as the default kernel. Slackware Linux
10.0 provides Linux 2.6.7 as an option.
This is the first Slackware Linux to provide the X
Window System based on XFree86 4.4.0RC2, and is
expanded with additional hardware support,
enhancements, and bug fixes.
GCC 3.3.4 - GNU Compiler Collection is provided.
GCC provides C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran-77, and
Ada 95 compilers.
The full KDE (K Desktop Environment) is provided,
which includes KOffice, the Konqueror web browser,
multimedia programs, development tools, and
many more useful applications.
Support to the GNU Network Object Model
Environment (GNOME) 2.6.1 - GNOME is a popular
GTK2 based desktop environment.
Improved wireless support
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Slackware Linux on CD-ROM
Slackware Linux can be purchased at quite
many (Internet) shops.
It is important to make a distinction between
the official CD-ROM set and cheap copies.
When you buy the official CD set you are
financially supporting the development of
Slackware Linux.
So, if you would like to see continuing
development of Slackware Linux, buy the CD
set!
The Slackware Store can be found at:
http://store.slackware.com/
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Sources of help
On your system:
- Linux HOWTOs
The Linux HOWTOs are a collection of
documents which cover specific parts of a
GNU/Linux system. Most HOWTOs are
distribution independent, and therefore very
useful for using them with Slackware Linux.
After installing this package the HOWTOs can
be found in the /usr/doc/Linux-HOWTOs/
Slackware Linux also contains a collection of
Mini-HOWTOs, which are shorter. The Mini-
HOWTOs can be found in the /usr/doc/Linux-
mini-HOWTOs/.
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Sources of help
You can read the manual page of a program
by using the man command. Executing man
with the name of the command as a
parameter shows the manual page for that
command.
For example:
$ man ls
If you do not know the exact name of a
manual page or command, you can search a
page using the keyword (-k) parameter:
$ man -k routing
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Sources of help
On the internet
alt.os.linux.slackware
alt.os.linux.slackware is a Slackware
Linux newsgroup.