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1. INTRODUCTION
We all have our favorite radio stations that we preset into our car
radios, flipping between them as we drive to and from work, on errands and
around town. But when travel too far away from the source station, the signal
breaks up and fades into static. Most radio signals can only travel about 30 or
40 miles from their source. On long trips that find you passing through
different cities, you might have to change radio stations every hour or so as
the signals fade in and out.
Now, imagine a radio station that can broadcast its signal from more
than 22,000 miles (35,000 kill) away and then come through on your car
radio with complete clarity without ever having to change the radio station.
Each company has a different plan for its broadcasting system, but
the systems do share similarities. Here are the key components of the three
satellite radio systems:
• SATELLITES
• GROUND REPEATERS
• RADIO RECEIVERS
XM Satellite radio and Sirius Satellite Radio have both launched such
a service. Satellite radio, also called digital radio, offers' uninterrupted, near
CD-quality music beamed to the radio from space.
Taking a closer look, you will see slight variances in the three satellite
radio companies' systems. In the next three sections, we will profile each of
the companies offering satellite radio services.
2.1 SATELLITES
Unlike XM, Sirius does not use OED satellites. Instead, its three
SS/L-1300 satellites form an inclined elliptical satellite constellation. Sirius
says the elliptical path of its satellite constellation ensures that each satellite
spends about 16 hours a day over the continental United States , with at
least one satellite over the country at all times. Sirius completed its three-
satellite constellation on November 30, 2000. A fourth satellite will remain
on the ground, ready to be launched if any of the three active satellites
encounter transmission problems.
2.1.3 WORLDSPACE
So far, WorldSpace has been the leader in the satellite radio industry.
It put two or its three satellites, AfriStar and AsiaStar, in geostationary orbit
before either of the other two companies launched one. AfriStar and AsiaStar
were launched in October 1998 and March 2000, respectively. AmeriStar,
which will offer service to South America and parts of Mexico, is not yet
scheduled for launch. Each satellite transmits three signal beams carrying
more than 40 channels of programming, to three overlapping coverage areas
or about 5.4 million square miles (14 million square km) each. Each of
WorldSpace satellites' three beams can deliver over 50 channels of crystal
clear audio and multimedia programming via the 1,467- to 1,492-
megahertz (MHz) segment of the L-band spectrum. which is allocated for
digital audio broadcasting.
Existing AM/FM car radio will not be able to receive satellite radio
broadcasts. Two options are available. Replacement of the radio with a 3-
band capable receiver (AM, FM, Sirius or XM Satellite). Radios can be
purchased as a dealer option or can be directly purchased at consumer retail
stores, mail order and Internet stores. All major manufactures are prepared to
provide radios capable of satellite radio reception.
The receiving end is virtually the same for both companies, but the
satellite configurations are different: XM Radio will use two satellites, and
Sirius will use a combination three. These receivers, somewhat akin to
AM/FM tuners, are made up of two parts: an "active" antenna and a
receiving module.
The multiplex has a gross capacity of 2,300,000 bits. which are used for
carrying audio, data and an in-built protection system against transmission
errors. Of these about half the bits are used for the audio and data services.
Throughout the day, the data capacity allocated to each service can be varied
by the broadcaster.
User Interface
Fig. 5 DAB receiver
5. CONCLUSION
For the listener, digital radio will be more than just 'the best sound
on the airwaves', it will be an intelligent communications device that will
offer more services and conveniences than can be provided by conventional
analog technology.
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
5 CONCLUSION 17
6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 18
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my thanks to Mr. Muhammed Kutty our group tutor and also
to our staff advisor Ms. Biji Paul for their kind co-operation and guidance
for preparing and presenting this seminar.
I also thank all the other faculty members of AEI department and my
friends for their help and support.