II.

Space Limited Antennas

1. Rain Gutter Antenna w/ vertical component X-
high and Y-long horizontal component extending
across the line. Utilizes the gutter and
downspout system of a building.\
2. Flagpole Antenna vertical antenna disguised as
a flagpole w/ the height corresponding to the
quarter wavelength of a chosen band.
3. Indoor Antenna designed for use inside
buildings w/ advantage that it is free from
weathering effects, wind damage and readily
available.
4. Inverted L Antenna requires good ground radial
system for efficient operation
-for convenient low band antenna for amateurs.
Space-limited to a tree, tower or other support.
It is top-loaded vertically.
Firestik designed for 2 reasons:
(1) To allow CB radio operation where outside
antennas are not allowed.
(2) For the CBer who does not want to put up an
outside antenna.
Disadvantage: compromise rules, space, optimum
performance
Recall: Hertzian dipole w/ length shorter than the
wavelength of the signal propagating




FIELD STRENGTH/INTENSITY in (V/M)

l= antenna length, m
I= current amplitude, A
r= distance, m
= signal wavelength, m
= angle of wire-axis and pt. of maximum radiation.

Loop Antenna
Small Loop:
- also called magnetic loop antenna
- the circumference is typically less than 1/10 for
the receiving loop and less than for a
transmitting loop.
- unlike other antennas, this can detect the magnetic
component.
Key Formulas:

A= loop area (m
2
)
N = no. of turns
= RF Fields Strength (V/m)
= angle between the plane of the loop and signal
source

A. Solving for Capacitance: (using Medhurst
Approximation) in pF
- for coils with round cross-section
C = HD

where:
D- winding diameter, m
H- constant corresponding to length-to-diameter
ratio of loop conductor
B. Loop Capacitance using Bramslev approximation for
in pF (for square cross-section)
C= 60S , where s = side length, m
C. FERRITE CORE-LOOP ANTENNA
-most popular form of antenna loop used in AM
Broadcast band portable radio
-very small compared to the wavelength used
KEY FORMULAS:
a.)Inductance,

l= magnetic core length, m
N = no. of turns
A = cross sectional area, m
2

b.) Voltage at loop terminal, V

Q loaded Q of the loop
- corrected core permeability, H/m
- field strength, V/m


c.) Adjustment factor or corrected permeability

- corrected permeability
a - core length, m
b - coil length, m

WAVEGUIDES are metallic lines in similar fashion to
transmission lines only that it is used in microwave
frequencies to connect transmitters to receivers
through antenna.

FOUR REASONS WHY WAVEGUIDES ARE BETTER THAN COAX T.L.
1.) it is shielded
2.) high efficiency to transmit peak-power
3.) almost no loss in microwave frequency
4.) can be pressurized by inert gases thus can
increase power efficiency.