UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying

Centre of Studies Surveying Science and Geomatics
AP220



Project 1: Georeferencing, digitising & updating Geospatial data


SUG 613 Geographic Information System I
Dr. Eran Sadek Said Bin Md Sadek
AP2205C


Safwan Izzaty Bin Saharuddin 2011923667
09 / 05 / 2014



1.0 INTRODUCTION
Geographic Information System (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for
capturing, managing, analysing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced
information. GIS allow people to view, understand, interpret, and visualize data in many
ways that shows relationships, patterns and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports or
charts. GIS assist us on answering questions and solving problems by looking at our data in a
way that is quickly understood and easily shared.
ArcGIS is the geography platform, enabling an organization to create, organize, and
share geographic information and tools with anyone by using intelligent online maps and
useful apps. It use a single scalable architecture and user interface. ArcGIS use the
applications of ArcCatalog and ArcMap and use the extensions such as Spatial analysis, 3D
Analysis, Network Analyst, and Geostatistical Analyst.
This report contains the process and output of the project 1 that was given to us. The
project is about georeferencing, digitising and updating geospatial data.
The task for this project is where we need to do Georeferencing which is the process
to match a raster data to a projected coordinate system, proceed with digitising the scanned
map using the various tools from ArcGIS by representing with vector data structure and
update it to geodatabase layer.









2.0 OBJECTIVES
i) To familiarize us with ArcGIS, Geospatial data and ArcGIS operations.
ii) To learn on how to do Georeferencing process in ArcGIS.
iii) To learn on how to digitise in ArcGIS.
iv) To learn on how to import layers to geodatabase in ArcGIS.
v) To learn on how to update the geodatabase layers in ArcGIS.

3.0 EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIAL
i) ArcGIS 10.1
ii) Google Earth Pro
iii) GDTS 4.1 coordinate converter
iv) Topographic Map with 4 control points











4.0 METHODOLOGY
4.1 Data Collection
Obtaining a map of scale 1:10000 with a minimum of 4 control points that contain
features; road, building, river, contour and land use. The map that was used is on the
area of Shah Alam. It was bought from JUPEM Selangor. The map needed to be
scanned in order to convert the data to digital form. The coordinates of the control
point was converted from MRT48 to RMSO old.



4.2 Data Processing
4.2.1 Georeferencing data
i. First, open ArcMap. Connect the folder created with ArcCatalog.
ii. Select Kertau RSO Malaya meters for Projected Coordinate System.
iii. Add the data; the scanned map to the layer.
iv. Add control points to the image.
v. Open view link table, insert true coordinate and check the RMS error.
The allowable RMS error is less than 0.005. Re-add the control points
if the tolerance not achieved.
vi. Then, update georeference and rectify.

Coordinate system

Georeferencing and RMS error
4.2.2 Digitising
i. Digitising the scanned map using shapefile.shp.
ii. First, create new shapefile in the connected folder.
iii. Assign the feature type for the data that wants to be digitised.
iv. Change the datum transformation by selecting Kertau RSO Malaya
meters.
v. Add the created shapefile to the activated data frame of ArcMap.
vi. Click start editing from the editor toolbar.
vii. Start digitise by tracing the scanned map.
viii. Repeat the steps to all other layers.


Creating shapefile and digitising
4.2.3 Importing layers to geodatabase
i. Create new file geodatabase.gdb in the connected folder.
ii. Then, create new feature dataset in the file geodatabase and set the
coordinate projected
iii. Import all the digitised shapefile to the feature dataset followed with
the classification.

Before importing shapefile to geodatabase

After importing shapefile to geodatabase
4.2.4 Updating Geodatabase layers
i. Launch Google Earth Pro.
ii. Point up the coordinate of the control.
iii. Extracting the image of the area with the high resolution spec.
iv. Repeat the same steps from georeferencing the image.
v. Digitise the updated layer.

Image from Google Earth

Georeferencing and its RMS error

Updated geodatabase layer
5.0 CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, I can state that I was able to familiarize the application of GIS with
the use of ArcGIS. The process of georeferencing, digitising and updating spatial data was
able to understand.

6.0 COMMENT
In this project, I managed to learn and improve the understanding on the use of
ArcGIS starting from collecting the data, managing the database till working process and the
concept. ArcGIS 10.1 that I use is friendly user especially on assisting people on making
maps or analyse it. Digitising features is easy with the help of ArcGIS system. Tutorial can be
found on the internet if ones need help on.
However, I was having a little bit difficulty on georeferencing the Google Earth
image. The tolerance for the RMS error was achieved. But some of the features that I was
digitised referred to the scanned map, was not matched with the google earth image. This is
due to the fact that the image was tilted when extracted from the Google Earth.
In the end, I was able to handle all the problems with the help from the lecturers and
friends.