02-TCXD 149 Bao Ve Ket Cau

Tiu chun vit nam TCVN 149:1978
Bo v kt cu xy dng khi b n mn
Anti corrosion for building structures
1. Quy nh chung
1.1. Tiu chun ny phi |c tun th khi thit k chng n mn cho cc kt cu xy
dng ca nh v cng trnh chu tc ng ca mi tr|ng xm thc.
Ghi ch:
1. Khi thit k cc bin php bo v chng n mn cho kt cu xy dng ngoi
tiuchun ny cn phi tun theo cc tiu chun t|ng t |c UBND Nh n|c
Lin X ph duyt hay tho thun.
2. Khi thit k bo v cho cc kt cu xy dng khi b n mn do dng din cng
nh| ni c cht thi phng x hay hi thu ngn th phi tun theo cc vn bn ring
bit v thit k bo v chng n mn cc kt cu nh ca ngnh sn xut: v tiu
chun |c UBXD Nh n|c Lin X ph duyt hay tho thun.
1.2. Nhm mc ch gim thp tc ng ca mi tr|ng xm thc n kt cu xy dng
ca nh v cng trnh, khi thit k cn phi xt ti gii php quy hoch tng mt
bng, gii php mt bng, hnh khi kin trc v gii php kt cu theo s tc ng
ca mi tr|ng cn phi chn loi thit b cng ngh c kn ti a, bo m
bn ca mi ni v lin kt trong thit b cng ngh v |ng ng dn cng nh| xem
xt vic thi hi v phi bo m vic b tr cc qut ht v y gi nhng ni c
nhiu kh thi n mn nhm bo m y chng ra xa vng kt cu hay lm gim
nng kh t.
1.3. Khi thit k bo v chng n mn kt cu xy dng phi xt n iu kin kh hu,
a cht thu vn ni xy dng cng nh| mc tc ng ca mi tr|ng xm thc,
iu kin s dng cng trnh, tnh cht ca vt liu |c s dng v dng kt cu xy
dng.
2. Mc tc ng ca mi tr|ng xm thc ln kt cu phi kim loi
2.1. Mc tc ng ca mi tr|ng xm thc ln kt cu khi kim loi |c xc nh
nh| sau:
- i vi mi tr|ng kh theo loi v nng ca cc cht kh, ho tan ca kh
trong n|c, m v nhit .
- i vi mi tr|ng lng theo s xut hin v nng cc nhn t n mn, nhit ,
p lc hay tc chuyn ng cht lng trn b mt kt cu i vi mi tr|ng rn
(mui nh t|ng, bi, t) theo mn, ho tan trong n|c, ht m, m ca
mi tr|ng xung quanh.
2.2. Theo mc tc ng ln kt cu, mi tr|ng phn ra cc loi: Khng n mn, n
mn yu, n mn trung bnh v n mn mnh.
Mc tc ng ca mi tr|ng xm thc ln kt cu phi kim loi |c: nu ph
lc l ( bng 22).
2.3. Mc tc ng ca mi tr|ng kh n mn lin kt phi - kim loi |c nu
Bng l; cc nhm kh n mn |c phn loi v nng nu trong ph lc 2 ( bng
23).

2.4. Mc tc ng n mn ca mi tr|ng cht rn trn kt cu xy dng phi kim loi
nu bng 2.
2.5. Mc tc ng n mn ca n|c, mi tr|ng trn kt cu b tng da vo ch tiu
ca mi tr|ng n mn (c tr|ng cho qu trnh n mn theo loi I, II v III) v iu
kin s dng cng trnh nu trong bng 3a, 3b v 3c.
Bng 1 Mc tc ng ca mi tr|ng kh i vi kt cu phi kim loi

m
khng
kh
trong
phng
tnh
bng
%
Mc tc ng v n mn ca mi tr|ng kh i vi kt cu
Gch Vng m
(theo
ch|ng
ca quy
phm CH
*1EII-
A
7
-71)
Nhm
kh
(theo
bng
23 ca
ph
lc 2)
B tng v
xi mng a-
xi -ng
B tng v ct
thp
G
t xt
nn do
Silict
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Nh hn
hoc bng
60 kh
A

B
C
D

E
Khng n
mn
Nh| trn
n mn yu
n mn
trung bnh
Khng |c
php s
dng
Khng n mn
Nh| trn
n mn yu
n mn trung
bnh
Khng |c
php s dng
Khng n
mn
Nh| trn
-
n mn yu
-
Khng n
mn
Nh| trn
-
-
-
Khng n
mn
Nh| trn
-
-
-
T 61 n
75
Bnh
th|ng
A

B
C

D

E
Khng n
mn
-
n mn
trung bnh
n mn
mnh

Khng |c
php s
dng
Khng n mn

n mn yu
n mn trung
bnh
n mn mnh

Khng |c
php s dng
Khng n
mn
-
n mn yu

n mn trung
bnh
n mn mnh
Khng n
mn
-
-

n mn
yu
Khng n
mn
-
n mn
trung bnh

-

Ln hn
75
m
A

B

C

D

E
Khng n
mn
n mn yu

n mn
mnh

Nh| trn
Khng |c
php s
dng
Khng n mn

n mn trung
bnh
n mn mnh

Nh| trn

Khng |c
php s dng
Khng n
mn
n mn yu

n mn trung
bnh
n mnmnh
Nh| trn

Khng n
mn
Nh| trn

-

n mn
yu
Khng n
mn
n mn
trung bnh
Nh| trn

-

n mn
mnh
* Tnh c nh h|ng ca n mn kim loi theo CH*1IIB-4-71) ch|ng Kt cu g quy
phm thit k
Ch thch: Tc ng ca mi tr|ng xm phm thc i vi tt c vt liu phi kim loi
trong iu kin nhit d|ng ti 50
0
c
Bng 2 Mc tc ng n mn ca mi tr|ng rn i vi kt cu phi kim loi

m
khng kh
trong phng
tnh bng %
Mc tc ng v n mn ca mi tr|ng rn i vi kt cu phi
kim loi
B tng v
xi mng a-xi
-ng
B tng v
ct thp
G Gch Vng m
(theo
ch|ng ca
quy phm
CH*1EII-
A
7
-71)
c tr|ng
ca mi
tr|ng rn
Gch t st,
vin do
gch Silict
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Nh hn
hoc bng
60 kh
t ha tan

Ha tan
tt ht m
t
Ha tan
tt ht m
t
Khng n
mn

Nh| trn

n mn
trung bnh
**

Khng n
mn

n mn yu

n mn
mnh
* *

Khng n
mn

Nh| trn

-
n mn
yu
-
Khng n
mn
Nh| trn
.

Nh| trn
Khng n
mn
Nh| trn

Nh| trn
T 61 n
75
Bnh th|ng
t ha tan

Ha tan
tt ht m
t
Ha tan
Khng n
mn
n mn yu
n mn
trung bnh
n mn
Khng n
mn
n mn
trung bnh

n mn
Khng n
mn
n mn
yu

Khng n
mn
Nh| trn

Nh| trn
Khng n
mn
n mn yu

Nh| trn

tt ht m
t

trung bnh

mnh
* *

Nh| trn
Ln hn 75
m
t ha tan

Ha tan
tt ht m
t
Ha tan
tt ht m
t
n mn yu

n mn
trung bnh

n mn
trung bnh
**

Khng n
mn
n mn
mnh

n mn
mnh
* *
Khng n
mn
n mn
yu

n mn
mnh
* *

Khng n
mn
n mn
trung bnh

Nh| trn
Khng n
mn
n mn
trung bnh

Nh| trn

* Gi mui t ho tan khi ho tan ca mui d|i 2g/l, ho tan tt khi trn 2g/l
Gi l mui ht m t khi c m t|ng i cn bng nhit 20
0
C l bng v
ln hn 60%, cn i vi mui ht m th nh hn 60%.
Danh mc cc loi mui ho tan ph bin v c tr|ng ca chng dn trong ph lc 3
(bng 24)
* Mc tc ng n mn |c chnh xc thm khi xt ti n mn ca dung dch to
thnh theo bng 3.
Mc tc ng n mn ca n|c - mi tr|ng i vi b tng trong kt cu ph
thuc vo ch s n mn ca mi tr|ng, c trong cho qu trnh n mn loi I v
iu kin s dng cng trnh.
Bng 3a
Cng trnh khng chu p lc Cng trnh chu p lc
***

t thm mnh v trung
bnh K >0,1m/ngy m v
h cha n|c
t thm yu K <0,1m
ngy m

chc c ca b tng
Ch tiu n
mn ca
mi tr|ng
c tr|ng
cho qu
trnh n
mn loi I
Mc
tc
ng
n mn
ca
mi
tr|ng Bnh
th|ng
Chc
c
cao
Chc
c
cao
Chc
c
bnh
th|ng
Chc
c
cao
Chc
c
c
bit
Chc c
bnh
th|ng
Chc
c cao
Chc
c
c
bit
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Kim b
cacbont
tnh mg/l
hay tnh
bng

Khng
n mn

n
mn
yu
n
>1,4
(4
0
)

1,04
(4
0
)-
0,7(2
0
)
1,4
(4
0
)

<0,7
2
0
)

<0,7
(2
0
)

Khng
quy
nh
Khng
quy
nh

Khng
quy
nh
Khng
quy
nh

Khng
quy
nh
Khng
quy
nh

Khng
quy
nh
> 2 (5,6
0
)

2,5(5,6
0
)
1,07(3
0
)

> 2
(5,6
0
)
1,07
(3
0
)

<1,07
(3
0)

<1,07
(3
0
)

Khng
quy
nh


mn
trung
bnh
n
mn
mnh

<0,7
(2
0_

Khng
cho
php s
dng
Khng
quy
nh

Khng
quy
nh
nt

-
nt

Khng
cho
php s
dng
nt

Khng
cho
php
s
dng
nt

Khng
cho
php
s
dng,
khng
quy
nh

<1,07(2
0
)

Khng
cho php
s dng
Khng
quy
nh

-

Khng
quy
nh

* nh gi mc tc ng n mn ca n|c mi tr|ng trong khong nhit 0-
10
0
C khi tng nhit n 50
0
C phi gim i mt cp mc tc ng ca mi
tr|ng khi n mn dng I v III v tng ln mt cp mc tc ng khi n
mn dng II
** c tr|ng chc c ca b tng nu trong bng 5
** p lc khng |c cao qu 10m trong tr|ng hp p lc ln hn, mc n mn
ca n|c mi tr|ng phi xc nh bng thc nghim
Ch thch
1) D|i tc ng ca n|c mi tr|ng ln b tng trong kt cu cc qu trnh n
mn chia thnh 2 dng chnh sau y:
a) n mn dng I c tr|ng bng s thi kim ca cc phn t ho tan ca b tng.
b) n mn dng II c tr|ng bng s to nn nhng hp cht hay ho cht ho
khng c tnh cht kt dnh do kt qu ca cc phn ng trao i gia cc phn t
ca , xi mng v cht lng mi tr|ng xm thc.
c) n mn dng III c tr|ng bng s hp thnh hoc tch t trong b tng nhng
cht mui t ha tan v c c tnh lm tng th tch trong b tng m b tng
ng rn.
2) Khi nh gi mc tc ng n mn ca n|c - ni tr|ng trn b tng khi ln
t ct thp th ch s pH ca b tng c chc c bnh th|ng ly bng ch s pH
ca b tng c chc c cao nu trong bng ny, cn ch s pH ca b tng c
chc cao ly nh| i vi b tng c chc c c bit.
3) Trong tr|ng hp c s tc ng ca axit hu c vi m c cao ln kt cu
cn |c xc nh trn c s cc s liu thc nghim.
5) Trong bng 3a, b nu mc tc ng n mn ca n|c - mi tr|ng cho cc
dng n mn loi I v II i vi xi mng Poc Lng, xi mng Poc Lng x: xi mng
pooc Lng Pudlan v cc loi TOCT 10178 c cp ti vic ch cho php s dng
xi mng Poc Lng Pudlan, xi mng Poc Lng x trong tr|ng hp i vi kt cu
b

T
i
u

c
h
u
n

v
i
t

n
a
m

T
C
V
N

1
4
9
:
1
9
7
8

t
n
g

k
h
n
g

c
u

c
u

v
n
g

g
i
.

B
n
g

3
b

n
g

n

m
n

c
a

n
|
i

t
r
|
n
g

i

v
i

b
n
g

t
r
o
n
g

k
t

c
u

t
h
e
o

c
h

t
i
n

m
n

c
a

m
i

t
r
|
n
g

c

t
r
|
n
g

c
h
o

q
u

t
r
n
h

n

m
n

d
n
g

I
I

v
u

k
i
n

s
n
g

c
n
g

t
r
n
h

u

k
i
n

s
n
g

c
n
g

t
r
n
h

C
n
g

t
r
n
h

k
h
n
g

c
p

l
c

C
n
g

t
r
n
h

p

l
c
*
*
*

t

t
h
m

t
h
u

m
n
g

v

t
r
u
n
g

b
n
h

K
|

_
0
,
1
m
/
n
g
m

v

c
h
a

n
|
t

t
h
m

t
h
u

y
u

K
|
^
0
,
1

n
g

c
h
c

c
a

b
n
g

C
h

t
i
n

m
n

c
a

m
i

t
r
|
n
g

c

t
r
|
n
g

c
h
o

q
u

t
r
n
h

n

m
n

d
n
g

I
I

M
n
g

n

m
n

c
a

m
i

t
r
|
n
g
B
n
h

t
h
|
n
g

C
h
c

c
a
o
C
h
c

b
i
t

B
n
h

t
h
|
n
g

C
h
c

c
a
o

C
h
c

b
i
t

B
n
h

t
h
|
n
g

C
h
c

c
a
o

C
h
c

b
i
t

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1
0

1
1

C
h

t
i
u

p
H

K
h
n
g

n

m
n

>
6
,
5

>
5
,
9

>
4
,
9

>
5

>
5

>
3
,
9

>
6
,
5

>
5
,
9

>
5
,
4

n

m
n

y
u

6
,
5
-
6

5
,
9
-
5

4
,
9
-
4

5
-
4

5

-

4

3
,
9

-

3

6
,
5

-

6

5
,
9

5
.
5

5
,
4

-

5

n

m
n

m
n
h

K
h
n
g

s
n
g

c

<
4

<
2

K
h
n
g

s
n
g

c

<
3

<
1

K
h
n
g

s
n
g

c

<
5

<
4

H
m

l
|
n
g

a
x
i
t

c
a
c
b
o
n
i
c

t

d
o

m
g
/
l

k
h
n
g

n

m
n

<
a
[
c
a
]
+
b

<
a
[
c
a
]
+
b

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

n
h

<
a
[
c
a
]
+
b
+
4
0

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

n
h

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

n
h

<

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b
+
4
0

<
a
[
a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b
+
4
0

<

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b
+
4
0

n

m
n

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b
+
4
0

_

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b
+
4
0

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

_

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

+
4
0
k
h
n
g

q
u
y

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

+
4
0

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

+
4
0

>

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

+
4
0

T
i
u

c
h
u
n

v
i
t

n
a
m

T
C
V
N

1
4
9
:
1
9
7
8

y
n
h

n
h

n
h

n

m
n

t
r
u
n
g

b
n
h

>

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

+
4
0

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

n
h

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

n
h

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

n
h

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

n
h

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

n
h

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b
+
4
0
.

a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b

>
a
[
c
a
"
]
+
b
+
4
0

K
h
n
g

q
u
y

n
h

n

m
n

m
n
h

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

K
h
n
g

q
u
i

n
h

k
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

K
h
n
g

q
u
i

n
h

K
h
n
g

q
u
i

n
h

K
h
n
g

q
u
i

n
h

k
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

K
h
n
g

q
u
i

n
h

K
h
n
g

q
u
i

n
h

H
m

l
|
n
g

m
u
i

m
a
n
h
e

m
g
/
l

K
h
n
g

n

m
n

^
1
0
0
0

^
1
5
0
0

^
2
0
0
0

^
2
0
0
0

^
2
5
0
0

^
3
0
0
0

^
1
0
0
0

^
1
5
0
0

^
2
0
0
0

n

m
n

y
u

1
0
0
1
-
1
5
0
0

1
5
0
1
-
2
0
0
0

2
0
0
1
-
3
0
0
0

2
0
0
1
-
2
5
0
0

2
5
0
1
-
3
0
0
0

3
0
0
1
-
4
0
0
0

1
0
0
1
-
1
5
0
0

1
5
0
1
-
2
0
0
0

2
0
0
1
-
3
0
0
0

n

m
n

t
r
u
n
g

b
n
h

1
5
0
1
-
2
0
0
0

2
0
0
1
-
3
0
0
0

3
0
0
1
-
4
0
0
0

2
5
0
1
-
3
0
0
0

3
0
0
1
-
4
0
0
0

4
0
0
1
-
5
0
0
0

1
5
0
1
-
2
0
0

2
0
0
1
-
3
0
0
0

3
0
0
1
-
4
0
0
0

n

m
n

m
n
h

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
3
0
0
0

>
4
0
0
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
4
0
0
0

>
5
0
0
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
3
0
0
0

>
4
0
0
0

H
m

l
|
n
g

k
i
m

m
n
h

g
/
l

K
h
n
g

n

m
n

^

5
0

^

6
0

^

8
0

^

8
0

^

9
0

^

1
0
0

^

3
0

^

5
0

^

6
0

n

m
n

y
u

5
1
-
6
0

6
1
-
8
0

8
1
-
9
0

9
1
-
1
0
0

1
0
1
-
1
2
0

3
1
-
5
0

5
1
-
6
0

5
1
-
6
0

6
1
-
8
0

T
i
u

c
h
u
n

v
i
t

n
a
m

T
C
V
N

1
4
9
:
1
9
7
8

n

m
n

t
r
u
n
g

b
n
h

6
1
-
8
0

8
1
-
1
0
0

1
0
1
-
1
5
0

9
1
-
1
0
1

1
0
1
-
1
2
0

1
2
1
-
1
7
0

5
1
-
6
0

6
1
-
8
0

8
1
-
1
2
0

n

m
n

m
n
h

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

1
0
1
-
1
5
0

1
5
1
-
1
7
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

1
2
0

1
7
1
-
2
0
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

8
1
-
1
2
0

1
2
6
-
1
5
0

B
n
g

3
c

n
g

n

m
n

c
a

n
|
i

t
r
|
n
g

i

v
i

b
n
g

t
r
o
n
g

k
t

c
u

p
h

t
h
u
c

v
o

c
h

t
i
n

m
n

c
a

m
i

t
r
|
n
g
,

c

t
r
|
n
g

c
g
o

q
u

t
r
n
h

n

m
n

d
n
g

I
I
I

v
u

k
i
n

s
n
g

c
n
g

t
r
n
h

u

k
i
n

s
n
g

c
n
g

t
r
n
h

C
n
g

t
r
n
h

k
h
n
g

c
p

l
c

C
n
g

t
r
n
h

p

l
c
*
*
*

t

t
h
m

t
h
u

m
n
g

v

t
r
u
n
g

b
n
h

K
|

_
0
,
1
m
/
n
g
m

v

c
h
a

n
|
t

t
h
m

t
h
u

y
u

K
|

<
0
,
1
m

n
g

c
h
c

c
a

b
n
g

C
h

t
i
n

m
n

c
a

m
i

t
r
|
n
g

c

t
r
|
n
g

c
h
o

q
u

t
r
n
h

n

m
n

l
o
i

I
I
I

M
n
g

n

m
n

c
a

m
i

t
r
|
n
g

B
n
h

t
h
|
n
g

C
h
c

c
a
o

C
h
c

b
i
t

B
n
h

t
h
|
n
g

C
h
c

c
a
o

C
h
c

b
i
t

B
n
h

t
h
|
n
g

C
h
c

c
a
o

C
h
c

b
i
t

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1
0

1
1

K
h
n
g

n

m
n

3
0
0

4
0
0

5
0
0

5
0
0

5
0
0

6
0
0

2
5
0

4
0
0

5
0
0

H
m

l
|
n
g

S
u
n
f
a
t
.

m
g
/
l

t
n
h

i

r
a

i
o
n
,

S
O
4

i

v
i
:

n

m
n

y
u

3
0
0
-
4
0
0

4
0
1
-
5
0
0
5
0
1
-
8
0
0

3
0
0
-
5
0
0

5
0
1
-
6
0
0

6
0
1
-
8
0
0

2
5
0
-
4
0
0

4
0
1
-
5
0
0

5
0
1
-
8
0
0

a
.

X
i

m
n
g

P
o
o
c

l
n
g

p
u
d
l
a
n
.

X
i

m
n
g

P
o
o
c

l
n
g

x

k
h
n

m
n

t
r
u
n
g

b
n
h

4
0
1
-
5
0
0

5
0
1
-
8
0
0
8
0
1
-
1
2
0
0

5
0
1
-
6
0
0

6
0
1
-
8
0
0

8
0
1
-
1
2
0
0

4
0
1
-
5
0
0

5
0
1
-
8
0
0

8
0
1
-
1
0
0
0

T
i
u

c
h
u
n

v
i
t

n
a
m

T
C
V
N

1
4
9
:
1
9
7
8

h
m

l
|
n
g

i
o
n

C
L

C
l
^
1
0
0
0

m
g
/
l

n

m
n

m
n
h

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
8
0
0

>
1
2
0
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
8
0
0

>
1
2
0
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
8
0
0

>
1
2
0
0

>
1
0
0
0
m
g
/
l

K
h
n
g

n

m
n

(
1
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
0
0
0

(
2
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
2
0
0

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

(
1
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
0
0
0

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

(
4
4
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

(
1
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
0
0
0

(
2
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
2
0
0

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

n

m
n

y
u

T

(
1
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
0
0
0

n

(
2
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
2
0
0

T

(
2
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
2
0
0

n

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

T

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

n

(
6
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

T

(
1
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
0
0
0

n

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

T

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

n

(
4
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

T

(
4
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

n

(
6
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
2
3
0
0

T

(
1
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
0
0
0

n

(
2
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
2
0
0

T

(
2
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
2
0
0

n

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

T

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

n

(
+
6
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

n

m
n

t
r
u
n
g

b
n
h

T

(
2
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
2
0
0

n

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

T

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

n

(
6
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

T

(
6
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

n

(
1
0
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
2
3
0
0

T

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

n

(
4
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

T

(
4
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

n

(
6
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
2
3
0
0

T

(
6
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
2
3
0
0
n

(
1
0
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
3
0
0
0

T

(
2
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
2
0
0

n

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

T

(
3
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
4
0
0

n

(
6
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

T

(
6
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
1
7
0
0

n

(
1
0
5
0

+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

^
2
3
0
0

n

m
n

m
n
h

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

(
6
5
0
+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)
1
7
0
0

>
(
1
0
5
0
+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

>

2
3
0
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
(
6
5
0
+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

>

2
3
0
0

(
1
0
5
0
+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

>
3
0
0
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
(
6
5
0
+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

>
1
7
0
0

>
(
1
0
5
0
+
0
,
1
5
C
l
)

>
2
8
0
0

c
.

X
i

m
n
g

p
c

l
n
g

t
a

n
h
i
t

n
a

K
h
n
g

n

m
n

^
1
5
0
0

^
2
0
0
0

^
2
5
0
0

^
1
5
0
0

^
1
5
0
0

^
2
5
0
0

^
3
0
0
0

^
2
0
0
0

^
2
5
0
0

n

m
n

y
u

1
5
0
1
-
2
0
0
0

2
0
0
1
-
2
5
0
0

2
5
0
1
-
3
5
0
0
1
5
0
1
-
2
5
0
0

2
5
0
1
-
3
0
0
0

3
0
0
1
-
4
0
0
0

2
0
0
1
-
2
0
0
0

2
0
0
1
-
2
5
0
0

2
5
0
1
-
3
5
0
0

T
i
u

c
h
u
n

v
i
t

n
a
m

T
C
V
N

1
4
9
:
1
9
7
8

n

m
n

t
r
u
n
g

b
n
h

2
0
0
1
-
2
5
0
0

2
5
0
1
-
3
0
0
0

3
5
0
1
-
5
0
0
0
2
5
0
1
-
3
0
0
0

3
0
0
1
-
4
0
0
0

4
0
0
1
-
6
0
0
0

2
0
0
1
-
2
5
0
1

2
5
0
1
-
3
5
0
1

3
5
0
1
-
5
0
0
0

n

m
n

m
n
h

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
3
5
0
0

>
5
0
0
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
4
0
0
0

>
6
0
0
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

>
3
5
0
0

>
5
0
0
0

H
m

l
|
n
g

c
l
o
r
i
t
,

s
u
n
f
a
t

n
i
t
r
a
t

v
c

l
o
i

m
u
i

k
i
m

k
h
c

v

k
i
m

m
n
h

k
h
i

x
u
t

h
i
n

b
t

b
c

h
i

t
n
h

b
n
g

g
/
l

K
h
n
g

n

m
n

<
1
0

<
1
6

<
2
1

<
1
0

<
1
6

<
2
1

T
h
e
o

c
h
c

b
i
t

T
h
e
o

c
h
c

b
i
t

T
h
e
o

c
h
c

b
i
n

m
n

y
u

1
0
-
1
5

1
6
-
2
0

2
1
-
3
0

1
0
-
1
5

1
6
-
2
0

2
1
-
3
0

n
t

n
t

n
t

n

m
n

t
r
u
n
g

b
n
h

1
6
-
2
0

2
1
-
3
0

3
1
-
5
0

1
6
-
2
0

2
1
-
3
0

2
1
-
5
0

n
t

n
t

n
t

n

m
n

m
n
h

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

3
0

5
0

K
h
n
g

c

s
n
g

3
0

5
0

n
t

n
t

n
t

T
i
u

c
h
u
n

v
i
t

n
a
m

T
C
V
N

1
4
9
:
1
9
7
8

Ch thch:
* nh gi mc tc ng n mn ca n|c, mi tr|ng trong khong nhit 0 10
0
C
khi tng nhit n 50
0
C phi gim i mt cp mc tc ng ca mi tr|ng khi n
mn dng V v III v tng ln mt cp mc tc ng khi n mn dng II.
** c tr|ng chc c ca b tng nu trong bng 5.
** p lc khng |c cao qu 10m trong tr|ng hp p lc ln hn, mc n mn ca
n|c mi tr|ng phi xc nh bng thc hin.
Ghi ch:
1) D|i tc ng ca n|c mi tr|ng ln b tng trong kt cu cc qu trnh n mn chia
thnh 3 dng chnh sau y:
a) n mn dng I c tr|ng bng s thi kim ca cc phn t ha tan ca b tng.
b) n mn dng II c tr|ng bng s to nn nhng hp cht hay ha cht ha tan khng
c tnh cht kt dnh do kt qu ca cc phn ng trao i gia cc phn t ca xi mng
v cht lng mi tr|ng xm thc.
c) n mn dng III c tr|ng bng s hp thnh hoc tch t trong b tng nhng cht mui
t ha tan v c c tnh lm tng th tch trong b tng m b tng ng rn.
2) Khi nh gi mc tc ng n mn ca n|c mi tr|ng trn b tng khi ln t ct
thp th ch s pH ca b tng c d chc c bnh th|ng ly bng ch s pH ca b tng
c chc c cao nn trong bng ny, cn ch pH ca b tng c chc c cao ly nh|
i vi b tng c chc c c bit.
3) Trong tr|ng hp c s tc ng ca axit hu c i vi m c cao ln kt cu th
vic nh gi tc ng n mn bng pH s khng chnh xc cho nn n mn cn |c
xc nh trn c s cc s liu thc nghim.
4) Cc h s "a"v "b"dng xc nh hm l|ng HCO
2
t do nu trong ph lc 4.
5) Trong bng 3a, b nu mc tc ng n mn ca n|c mi tr|ng cho cc dng n
mn loi I v II i vi xi mng pooc lng x, xi mng pooc lng pudolan v cc loi khc
theo TOCT 10178 62. cp ti vic ch cho php s dng xi mng pooc lng
pudolan, xi mng pooc lng x trong tr|ng hp i vi kt cu b tng khng c yu cu v
bng gi,
Bng 4 - Mc tc ng n mn ca m, du m v dung mii vi kt cu
phi kim loi
Mc n mn i vi kt cu
Gch
Mi tr|ng
B tng B tng ct
thp
G(*)
p st p
do
Silict
1 2 3 4 5 6
1) Cc loi m
Khong cht n mn yu n mn yu Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Thc vt
**
n mn
trung bnh
n mn
trung bnh
- " "
ng vt
**
n mn n mn " " "

trung bnh trung bnh
2) Du m, cc
ch phm ca
du
" " " " "
- Du m
nguyn khai n
mn trung bnh
" " " " "
Du m c l|u
hunh
n mn yu n mn yu - " "
Du mazut c
l|u hunh
" " " " "
Du diezel " " " " "
Du ha " " " " "
Xng Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
- " "
Benzen(c
6
H
6
) n mn yu n mn yu - " "
Axtn Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
- " "

* Khi chu tc dng ca m cng nh| ca du m, cc sn phm du v cc dung
mi, |c php s dng kt cu g theo cc ch dn ring.
** Khi b xi ho cc loi m tr nn n mn mnh i vi b tng v b tng ct
thp.
2.6. Mc tc dng n mn ca m, du m v cc dung mii vi cc kt cu phi
kim loi |c nu trong bng 4.
3. Nhng yu cu v thit k i vi cc kt cu nh v cng trnh chu tc ng ca mi
tr|ng n mn
3.1. Cc kt cu xy dng cn |c thit k sao cho loi tr hon ton hay gim i kh
nng tch t hoc ng li cc cht kh, cht lng v bi trn mt |ng, trn nh
cng nh| trn b mt tit din cc cu kin kt cu.
3.2. Nhng cu kin kt cu cn |c thit k sao cho c kh nng khi phc li theo chu
k cc lp bo v chng n mn trong tr|ng hp khng th p ng |c yu cu
trn y th phi xt ti vic bo v cc cu kin theo thi hn quy nh s dng kt
cu.
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp
3.3. Khi thit k kt cu b tng ct thp cn phi s dng:
a) Loi cht kt dnh:
Trong mi tr|ng kh v mi tr|ng rn - xi mng poc lng, xi mng poc lng bn
sun pt v xi mng t to nhit:
Trong mi tr|ng lng theo bng 3a,b,c:

b) Loi ct liu nh - ct sch (vi cc tp cht - khng ln hn 1% khi l|ng) vi
m uyn c ht 2 - 2,5.
c) Loi ct liu th - dm nh t phn xut khng b phong ho (vi tp cht
0,5qc khi l|ng). Trong nhng tr|ng hp kt cu |c s dng trong mi tr|ng
n mn yu cho php dng ct liu t c kt ( ht n|c khng qu 6% ) v c-
|ng cao (khng nh hn 600 klCT cm) nu nh| chng ng nht v khng cha
nhng lp yu. i vi nhng kt cu dng b tng nh cn dng ct liu vi ht
n|c khng ln hn 12% cho cc ct liu xp t nhin v khng ln hn l0% cho ct
liu nhn to.
d) N|c trn b tng phi p ng cc yu cu ca CHN1 i vi b tng dng
cht kt dnh v ct liu v c.
Khng cho php dng n|c bin, n|c m ly, n|c bn trn b tng.
Ch :
1) Khng |c s dng xi mng Poc lng nhm xt - xi mng m Sunfat ho v xi mng
ng cng nhanh ch to kt cu b tng ct thp nhi cc mi ni hn trong cc mi
tr|ng cht kh v cht rn n mn.
2) Ch |c php dng n|c bin trong vic ch to cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp
cho cc cng trnh thu li theo nhng ch dn vn bn tiu chun |c U ban ban xy
dng Lin X ph duyt hoc tho thun
3.4. Cc ch tiu chc c ca b tng cn ly theo bng 5.
3.5. Khi thit k kt cu ng lc tr|c cn phi xt ti vic cng thp trn b t. Ch trong
mi tr|ng n mn yu mi cho php dng cc kt cu vi ct thp b, bn v cp
t trong knh hoc rnh, (c bm p va xi mng).
Bng 5 - Ch tiu chc c ca b tng

Ch tiu chc c ca b tng B tng theo
chc c
Nhng k
hiu quy
|c
Mc theo
khng thm
n|c
ht
n|c theo
% khi
l|ng
Ti| l n|c
xi mng (N/X)
khng ln hn
Bnh th|ng H B - 4 5,7 4,8 0,6
Cao N B - 8 4,7 4,3 0,55
c bit O B - 8 4,2 v t
hn
0,45
Ch :
1- Mc b tng theo chng thm n|c xc nh theo ph|ng php trong
TOCT4.800-59.
2- Nhng ch tiu v ht n|c v t l n|c xi mng |c dn ra cho b tng
nng. i vi b tng nh khng chu lc dng ct liu xp ht n|c cho trong
bng cn phi nhn vi t s gia dung trng ca b tng nng so vi dung trng
ca b tng nh.
3 - ht n|c ca b tng |c xc nh theo TOCT 12730 - 67.

3.6. Trong cc bn v thi cng ca kt cu cn ghi r: i vi b tng kt cu - cc cht
kt dnh v ct liu bn vng nht trong mi tr|ng n mn do cc ph gia khong
v ph gia hu c cho b tng (ph gia ho do, ph gia k n|c v cc loi khc)
lm tng chc c v bn chng g.
3.7. Ct thp trong kt cu b tng ct thp cn phi dng thp c tnh bn chng g
trong mi tr|ng s dng v ct thp |c bo v bng lp b tng c chiu dy v
chc c quy nh (xem iu 3.9).
Nu nh| lp b tng bo v khng m bo chng g cho ct thp cn dng cc
lp bo v ct thp (bng kim loi hoc phi kim loi) hay phi qut sn hoc ph ln
b mt b tng nhng mng mng.
3.8. Khng cho php |a cc mui clorua vo trong thnh phn ca b tng i vi
nhng kt cu b tng ct thp.
a) Vi ct ng lc tr|c;
b) Vi ct si ng lc tr|c thuc nhm BI vi |ng knh 5 mm v nh hn;
c) S dng trong iu kin m t|ng i ca khng kh ln hn 60%;
d) |c ch to bng ch|ng p trong t clp;
) Gn ngun in mt chiu
Cng khng cho php dng mui clorua trong thnh phn ca b tng v vi
va bm vo rnh, cng nh| nhi mi ni kt cu lp ghp ton khi ct thp ng lc
tr|c.
3.9. Chiu dy ca lp bo v k t mt ngoi b tng n b mt ca bt k, c ca
b tng cng nh| cc yu cu chng nt v chiu rng cho php ca khe nt i vi
cc kt cu nm trong mi tr|ng kh phi thc hin theo bng 6, cn trong cc mi
tr|ng lng theo bng 7.
3.10. Lp b tng bo v ct thp hoc cc chi tit bng thp trong cc mi ni lp ghp
ca kt cu cn phi tho mn nhng yu cu trong bng 6 v 7.
Tr|ng hp khng th thc hin |c iu kin nu trn cn phi xt ti vic bo v
ct thp v nhng chi tit t sn trong cc mi ni bng cc lp ph kim loi.
3.11. m bo chiu dy cn thit ca lp bo v b tng phi thit k nhng ming k
ct thp bng cht do, xi mng ct hay l cc bin php khc c nh ct thp.
Nh|ng khng cho php m thp hoc l nhng ct nh v nh ra khi b mt b
tng.
3.12. i vi nhng kt cu chu lc bng b tng nh dng ct liu xp t|ng ng vi b
tng nng theo chc c ( bng 5) khi |c s dng trong mi tr|ng kh, chiu
rng cho php ca khe nt cn phi ly theo bng 6, cn chiu dy ca lp bo v
phi ln hn chiu dy lp theo bng trn l 5 mm.
i vi kt cu dng ct thp trng km s dng trong mi tr|ng kh n mn yu v
trung bnh cho php ly chiu dy ca lp bo v theo bng 6.
3.13. i vi nhng kt cu chu lc dng b tng nh vi cc ch tiu ht n|c ln hn
ch dn trong bng 5, nh|ng khng v|t qu 10% (theo khi l|ng); chiu dy ca
lp b tng bo v ly theo bng 6 dng cho kt cu b tng nng nh|ng |c tng
ln: l0 mm (vi ct thp trng km: 5 mm) cho mi tr|ng n mn yu.

- 15 mm (vi ct thp trng km: 10 mm) cho mi tr|ng n mn trung bnh;
- Khng cho php dng nhng kt cu chu lc bng b tng nh c l|ng ht n|c
l0n hn l0% (theo khi l|ng) trong cc mi tr|ng n mn;
3.14. i vi nhng kt cu khng chu lc v cch nhit t b tng nh hay b tng t
ong nm trong mi tr|ng khi n mn cn ly theo bng 8.
3.15. Ct thp trong kt cu b tng ct thp, cho php hnh thnh cc vt nt, cn dng
nhng dy thp vi |ng knh khng nh hn 4 mm.
i vi ct thp ln v cp dng cho cc kt cu ng lc tr|c |ng knh si thp
khng |c nh hn 2,5 mm.
3.16. i vi cc kt cu dng b tng nh vi cc ch tiu ht n|c v|t qu gi tr |c
ghi trong bng 5, cng nh| i vi cc kt cu dng b tng t ong khng cho php
s dng ct thp thuc cc nhm BII, BPII, A - V, A - IV, AT - V v AT - II.
3.17. B tng nhi lin kt cc cu kin v ph cc chi tit t sn v bo m phi c
chc c nh| b tng kt cu.

T
i
u

c
h
u
n

v
i
t

n
a
m

T
C
V
N

1
4
9
:
1
9
7
8

B
n
g

6

u

c
i

v
i

b
n
g

c
t

t
h
p

s
n
g

t
r
o
n
g

m
i

t
r
|
n
g

k
h

P
h
n

l
o
i

t
h
e
o

y
u

c
u

v

c
h
n
g

n
t

(
t
)

v

c
h
i
u

r
n
g

c
h
o

p
h
p

c
a

v
t

n
t

(
m
u

s
)

t
n
h

b
n
g

m
m

C
h
i
u

d
y

c
a

l
p

b
o

v

(
x
e
m

m

3
.
9
)

c
a

b
n
g

n
n
g

t
n
h

b
n
g

m
m

i

v
i

n
h
n
g

k
t

c
u

l
p

g
h
p

v

n
h
n
g

c
u

k
i
n

c
a

c
h
n
g

K
h
i

l
|
n
g

r
i
n
g

c
a

b
n
g
,

k
t

c
u

c
a

t
h
p

n
h
i

v
i

c
c

c
t

t
h
p

d
n
g

l
c

c
c

l
o
i

n
h
m

C
a

c
c

l
o
i

d
m

t
i
t

d
i
n

c
h

n
h
t
,

d
n
,

c
t
,

s
|
n

n
h
n

l
|
i

t
h
p

v
c

l
o
i

k
h
c

k
h
n
g

c

c
h

r
a

t
r
o
n
g

m
c

8

t

c
t

t
h
p

k
h
n
g

n
h
n

M
n
g

n

m
n

c
a

m
i

t
r
|
n
g

k
h
t

v
i

b
n
g

t
h
e
o

b
n
g

i

v
i

n
h
n
g

c
t

t
h
p

k
h
n
g

d
n
g

l
c

n
h
m
-

I
,

-
I
I
,
-
I
I
I
,
B
-
I

A
-
I
V

-
V

A
T
-
I

A
t
-
V

A
T
-
V
T

B
I
I

B
P
-
I
I

c
n
g

k
n
h

(
m
m
)

v
n

h
n

n
h
n
g

s
n

p
h
m

c
a

c
h
n
g

B
I
I

B
P
-
I
I

c
n
g

k
n
h

(
m
m
)

v

n
h
n

n
h
n
g

s
n

p
h
m

c
a

c
h
n
g

C
a

n
h
n
g

b
n

p
h
n
g

c
n
h

b
n

c

s
|
n

s
n

t
|
n
g

m

p
a
n
e
n

t
|
n
g

k
h
n
g

n
h
n

c
h
n
g

A
-
I

A
-
I
I

A
-
I
I
I

A
-
I
V

A
-
V

B
-
I

I
V

V
,
V
I

B
-
I
I

B
P
-
I
I

n
h
n
g

s
n

p
h
m

c
a

c
h
n
g

A
-
I

A
-
I
I

A
-
I
I
I

A
-
I
V

A
-
V

B
-
1

V

A
T
-
I

A
T
-
V
I
B
I
I

B
P
-
I
I

v

n
h
n
g

s
n

p
h
m

c
a

c
h
n
g

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1
0

1
1

1
2

1
3

n

m
n

y
u

(
)
2
5
0
2
0
0
,
,
(
)
2
5
0
2
0
0
3
,
,

(
)
(
)
0
5
0
2
6,
(
)
(
)
0
1
0
2
6,
(
)
(
)
0
5
0
2
2,

(
)
(
)
0
1
0
2
2,

1
5

2
0

2
5
(
3
)

H
(
4
)

0

T
i
u

c
h
u
n

v
i
t

n
a
m

T
C
V
N

1
4
9
:
1
9
7
8

n

m
n

t
r
u
n
g

b
n
h

(
)
2
5
0
2
0
0
,
,
(
)
2
5
0
2
0
0
,
,

1

1

(
)
(
)
0
5
0
1
2,

(
)
2
1

1
5

2
0

2
5

0

0

0

n

m
n

m
n
h

(
)
1
5
0
1
0
0
,
,
(
)
1
0
0
2
,

k
h
n
g

c
h
o

p
h
p

s
n
g

k
h
n
g

c
h
o

p
h
p

s
n
g

1

1

2
0

2
5

2
5

0

0

0

C
h

t
h
c
h
:

1
)

M
u

s

b
i
u

t
h

c
h
i
u

r
n
g

c
a

v
t

n
t

d
i
,

t
r
o
n
g

d
u

n
g
o
c

l

c
h
i
u

r
n
g

t
c

t
h
i

c
a

v
t

n
t
.

2
)

K
h
i

d
n
g

c
t

t
r
n
g

k
m

t
h
e
o

c
p

c
h
n
g

n
t

v

c
h
i
u

r
n
g

c
h
o

p
h
p

c
a

v
t

n
t

l
y

t
h
e
o

c
t

t
h

6
.

3
)

C
h
o

p
h
p

g
i
m

c
h
i
u

d
y

t
i

t
h
i
u

c
a

l
p

b
o

v
i

2
0

m
m

k
h
i

n
n
g

c
h
c

l
n

1

b
c

s
o

v
i

c
h
n

t
r
o
n
g

c
c

c
t

1
1

v

1
3

c
a

b
n
g

n
y

4
)

C
h
o

p
h
p

d
n
g

c
t

t
r
n
g

k
i

v
i

b
n
g

c

c
h
c

t
h
n
g

t
h
|
n
g
.

5
)

N
g
o
i

n
h
n
g

l
o
i

t
h
p

d
n
g

l
c

n
u

t
n

c
h
o

p
h
p

s
n
g

n
h
n
g

c
h
n

t
r
o
n
g

c
c

v
n

b
n

t
i
u

c
h
u
y

b
a
n

X
y

d
n
g

L
i
n

X

p
h

d
u
y
t

h
o
c

t
h
n
g

n
h
t
.

6
)

C
n

x
p

v
o

c
p

I

t
h
e
o

y
u

c
u

v

c
h
n
g

n
t

n
h
n
g

k
t

c
u

l
m

v
i
c

t
r
o
n
g

c
c

m
i

t
r
|
n
g

k
h

c
h
a

C
l
o
.

c
c

h
t

b
i

m
u
i

c
l
o
r
u
a

m
u
i

a
x
i
t

n
i
t
,

m
u
i

R
a
d
i
,

c
c

m
u
i

c
h
a

C
l
o

v
i

n
n
g

g
h
i

t
r
o
n
g

p
h
c

2

b
n
g

2
3
.

C
h
:

1

c

n
h
m

c
a

l
p

p
h
n

b
o

v
n

p
h
p

d
n
g

t
h
e
o

B
n
g

1
7
,

k
h
i

t
h
i
t

k

n
h
n
g

k
t

c
u

d
n
g

b
n
g

n
h
n
g

c
n
c
h
i

c
c

l
|
u

m

3
.
1
2

3
.
1
4

2

-

i

v
i

n
h
n
g

k
t

c
u

k
i
m

k
h
i

t
n
g

n
n
g

c
n

t
n
g

c
h
i
u

d
y

c
a

l
p

b
o

v

t
h
m

5

m
m

s
o

v
i

c
c

g
i

t
r
n

t
r
o
n
g

b
n
g
.

T
i
u

c
h
u
n

v
i
t

n
a
m

T
C
V
N

1
4
9
:
1
9
7
8

Bng 7
Phn cp theo yu cu v bn chng nt(t s) v
chiu rng cho php ca vt nt(mu s) tnh bng mm
chc c ca btng
v cc kt cu, dng ct
thp nhm
Mc
tc
ng n
mn
ca mi
tr|ng
lng i
vi b
tng ct
thp
theo
bng
3a, 3b,
3c
i vi ct
thp thng
th|ng cc
cp AI,
AII, AIII,
BI
A- VI A- V
AIV
A
T
V
A
T
V
BII,
BpII v
nhng
sn
phm t
chng
Chiu
dy
ca lp
b tng
bo v
tnh
bng
mm
khng
nh
hn
A -
I
A
II
A
III
A-
IV
B - I
BII, Bp
II v
nhng
sn
phm
t
chng
AT IV
AT V
AT VI
A - V
n mn
yu
( ) 20 0 15 0 , ,

( ) 15 0 10 0
3
, ,

( ) 10 0
2
,

( ) 10 0
2
,

25 3 3
n mn
trung
bnh

( ) 15 0 10 0 , ,

( ) 10 0 05 0
3
, ,

1

( ) 05 0
2
4
,

30 0
n mn
mnh
( ) 10 0 05 0 , ,

( ) 05 0
2
,

Khng
cho php
p dng
1

35 0 0 Khng
cho
php p
dng


Ch thch:
1. mu s l chiu rng ca vt nt di hn, trong cc du ngoc chiu rng ca cc vt
nt ngn hn.
2. Chiu dy lp b tng bo v nu trn dng cho nhng kt cu c kh nng khi phc li
lp ph bo v trong qu trnh s dng. i vi cc kt cu khng c kh nng khi phc
li cc lp bo v (nh| cc mng, cc cc v cc loi khc...) chiu dy ca lp bo v
phi tng hn 5 mm so vi gi tr ghi trong bng.
Chiu dy lp b tng bo v lp ct thp t d|i ca mng d lin khi ly khng nh hn
80 mm cho tr|ng hp khng c lp lt ' mng v ly tng ln 15 mm so vi s liu trong
bng cho tr|ng hp c lp lt mng.
3. Khi p dng ct trng km cho php dng b tng c chc c thng th|ng.
4. Khi |ng knh cc si dy thp nh hn 4 mm cc kt cu cn |c xp vo cp I v yu
cu chng nt hoc phi dng ct trng km.
5. Khng cho php s dng cc kt cu ng lc tr|c vi cc ct thp thc cc nhm AV,
A
T
IV , A
T
V, A
T
VI, khi c tc dng ca Axit, ca nitrit, ca mui sunfoxianuo v ca
mui clorua.
Ch : Nhng yu cu nu trong bn ny cn |c tun theo khi thit k nhng kt cu t
b tng nng v kt cu b tng nh c cng c chc.
3.18. Cc chi tit v lin kt h (khng nhi b tng) trong kt cu b tng ct thp t
thp ccbon phi |c bo v.
Bng lp ph kim loi trng km v nhm khi khng c mi tr|ng n mn.
i vi kt cu bao che, vic bo v cc chi tit t sn cn |c bo v bng bin
php m kim loi hay t hp khng ph thuc vo m v mc n mn ca mi
tr|ng trong phng.
Chiu dy ca lp ph lt kim loi dng cho bin php ph t hp ly theo iu 3.20.
Ch : Khi m t|ng i ca khng kh trong phng nh hn 60% khi c cc kh
n mn thuc nhm A v B, cho php khng ph sn ln cc b mt tip xc gia cc
chi tit t sn v chi tit ni |c lin kt bng hn.
3.19. Cn phi dng lp ph nhm bo v cc chi tit t sn trong cc kt cu b tng
|c d|ng h trong t - Klay:
Cho php dng cc lp ph nhm bo v nhng chi tit t sn v nhng chi tit
lin kt trong kt cu nh v cng trnh nm trong mi tr|ng kh n mn vi hm
l|ng kh l|u hunh, kh ccbon v dihidrosunfua H
2
S, nu nh| dng lp ph bng
km khng bo m chng g. Tr|c khi b tng, cn tin hnh cc bin php bo
v thm cho cc chi tit t sn tip xc vi b tng |c ph nhm theo cc yu
cu cc vn bn tiu chun |c UBXD Lin X ph duyt hay ng .
3.20. Chiu dy ca lp ph bng km cn ly bng 120 - 150 K , lp ph nhm 150 -
200 K.
Chiu dy ca lp km |c ph bng ph|ng php m nng hoc bng in phi
ly bng 50 - 60 K.

3.21. Khi kt cu b tc dng ca mi tr|ng n mn mnh m bin php ph t hp (lp
ph lt kim loi gc km hay nhm) khng bo m, cc chi tit, t sn v cc lin
kt h trong kt cu b tng ct thp phi lm bng thp bn ho cht.

Kt cu g
3.22. Cc kt cu g phi |c thit k t g h l kim nh| thng, phi lao, tng, lc ip
tng, b d|ng. Trong phn li ca thn cy phi |c l ra mt ngoi kt cu.
|c php thit k nhng kt cu t g h l kim cho nh v cng trnh s dng
trong mi tr|ng n mn yu m khng cn cc bin php bo v.
3.23. Cho php thit k cc kt cu g t cy g l (d|ng ta, b , si, bch d|ng, d
v cc loi khc) |c s b bo v.
3.24. Cc kt cu g phi |c thit k t cc loi g tha mn nhng yu cu ra trong
ch|ng thit k kt cu g ca CH*1
Bng 8 - Phm vi s dng v yu cu i vi cc kt cu bao che
c ct thp t b tng nh cch nhit v b tng t ong
s dng trong mi tr|ng kh v nhng yu cu bo v
Phm vi s dng v yu cu i vi vic bo v nhng kt cu bao che
t b tng
B tng nh dng cc ct liu xp 2 B tng t ong
Mc tc ng n
mn ca mi tr|ng
(theo bng I)
B tng c B tng xp |c d|ng h
ch|ng hp
Khng n mn Cho php theo CH*1
II I-62
*
Cho php theo CH*1
II B,I-62
*

Cho php bo v
bng lp ph ct
thp
Cho php khi dng b
tng chc c v 3 lp
ngn cch bng b
tng nng 4 nm v
pha chu tc dng ca
mi tr|ng n mn.
Cho php khi c lp
ngn cch bng b
tng nng 4 nm
pha chu tc dng ca
mi tr|ng n mn c
lp ph sn thuc
nhm II
Cng th, khi c lp
sn ph b mt b
tng nhm II hoc
khi c lp ph bo
v ca ct thp 8 v
lp ph sn b mt
b tng 5 nhm III
n mn trung bnh Cho php dng b tng
chc c v lp ngn
cch bng b tng
nng 6 nm pha
chu tc dng ca mi
tr|ng n mn
Khng cho php
n mn mnh Khng cho php

Ch thch:
1. Bng ny cn s dng ng thi vi bng 17 v cc iu 3.12, 3.14 v 3.15.

2. Khi c tc dng ca cc kh n mn nhm B v m ^ 60% hoc khi c cc kh n mn
nhm A m > O% nht thit phi b tr lp cch li bng b tng nng v pha mi
tr|ng n mn tc dng.
3. rng biu kin trong b tng c chc c xc nh theo TOCT 105/ - 64, khng
|c ln hn 3%.
4. Cho php dng lp cch li t b tng nh sn xut t ct thch anh v ct liu rng c c
ht khng ln hn 10 mm, /p cch li t b tng nh v b tng nng |c b tr pha c
tc dng mi tr|ng n mn, cn phi c chc c ph hp vi yu cu Bng 6 bng tiu
chun ny.
5. Khi m > 75% khng cho php dng cc kt cu t b tng dng t ong.
6. Cho php dng lp cch li t b tng nh c cu to c chc trong cc kt cu dng ct
thp trng km.
7. Khng cho php dng cc kt cu khi c HCl, HP, Cl2 v HO
2
trong nhng mi tr|ng
n mn trung bnh.
8. Nhng lp ph bng kinm loi hoc cc loi khc bo v ct thp cn |c thc hin
theo cc ti liu chuyn mn ring.
9. Cho php s dng i vi nh v cng trnh nng nghip, khi c cc bin php bo v
c bit v |c kim nghim.
3.25. i vi cc kt cu g cn s dng keo phnn, keo rzxin hoc keo fnn -
rzxin.
3.26. Cc kt cu g cn |c thit k vi cc cu kin c tit din ngang cha t nht cc
chi tit bng thp |c chng g theo cc ch dn iu 3. 18 - 3.21 Trong
ch|ng ny ca CH*1.
Cc cu kin lin kt kt cu g lm vic trong mi tr|ng n mn trung bnh v
mnh phi |c thit k t cc vt liu bn ho cht (cht do t g hay dm g, cht
cao phn t bin tnh v nha tng hp).
3.27. i vi cc kt cu bao che cho nh v cng trnh, trong mi tr|ng n mn trung
bnh v mnh phi s dng d|i dng tm trong k c g dn.
Kt cu gch 4
3.28. Vic la chn vt liu cho kt cu gch phi theo cc bng l v 2 v phn 4.
Va cho khi xy phi bn trong mi tr|ng xm thc. Chn cht kt dnh phi tun
theo cc ch dn nh| i vi kt cu b tng ct thp trong ch|ng ny.
3.29. Khi xy phi |c mit mch (mch lm hay mch li). Cho php khng mit
mch nh|ng phi trt va.
3.30. Cc chi tit lin kt bng thp trong khi xy gch phi |c chng g theo cc
iu 3. 18 - 3.21 nu trn.
4. Bo v kt cu nh v cng trnh chu tc dng ca mi tr|ng n mn
4.1. Nu ch thc hin cc ch dn thit k trong ch|ng 3 m bn yu cu ca kt cu
khng bo m, trong nhng tr|ng hp ny phi bo v b mt kt cu khi b n
mn.
Vt liu chng n mn.

4.2. Nhng yu cu ca ch|ng ny phi |c thc hin khi lc chn vt liu v sn
phm bn tr|c tc ng xm thc ca cc mi tr|ng kh, cht lng v c v dng
bo v kt cu xy dng khi b n mn.
4.3. Nhng vt liu v sn phm trn trong cc mi tr|ng xm thc, phi c cc ch tiu
tho mn cc yu cu nu trong ch|ng ny thuc phm vi tiu chun Nh n|c hay
cc iu kin k thut.
4.4. Nhng vt liu v sn phm t thin nhin dng vo vic bo v cc kt cu xy
dng khi b n mn phi l nhng loi t chc c bn ho v khng b phong ho,
trong s :
Vt liu v sn phm t cc loi phun tro (granit, xinyt, diorit, badan, diabaz,
andzit) cng nh| cc loi oxit bin cht (thch anh, hoa c|ng - gonai, ct kt
silic v cc loi khc) dng bo v tr|c tc ca cc loi axt vi nng bt k,
tr Floryt v silic Florua.
Nhng vt liu v sn phm t ccbnt trm tch c chc ( vi, lnit,
magnezit v cc loi c bn khc) dng bo v khi tc dng ca kim.
4.5. Nhng sn phm t thu tinh cn |c dng bo v cc kt cu xy dng khi b
tc dng ca axit (ngoi Florit v silic Florua) , ca cc dung dch kim vi
nng n 20% trong nhit bnh th|ng, ca dung dch mui v ca nhng kh
n mn, trong c gch thu tinh p t|ng trong cc phng c mi tr|ng n mn
v cng nh| i vi lp lt ca cng trnh.
Blc gch thu tinh dng xy cc ca ly nh sng, cng nh| cc bc t|ng v
vch ngn trong cc phng c mi tr|ng n mn.
4.6. Cc sn phm t c cn dng p kt cu chu tc dng ca cc dung dch axit
(tr Flulorit v silic Fluorua) kim vi nng n 30% c nhit khng ln
hn 30
0
C, ca cc dung dch mui ngoi cc Florua) v ca cc kh bt k nng
no. (Ngoi hydrclorua) cc sn phm nu trn cn |c xy vi matt bn axit ch
t bt c tnh chu a xt khng nh hn 97..., m khng ln hn 2% v nghin
mn vi phn ht cn li trn ry s H20056 (l0085 l/cm2) chim t 5 n 15%.
4.7. Nhng tm lt t xitan cn |c dng bo v cc kt cu xy dng ng thi
chu tc dng ca mi tr|ng n mn mnh v mn c hc (bng s mi mn).
4.8. Nhng sn phm gm cn |c dng nh| sau:
- Gch t st thng th|ng c mc theo c|ng chu nn khng nh hn l00 v
tnh chu bng gi khng nh hn Mp
3 25
- dng cho t|ng ngoi v t|ng trong nh
sn xut c mi tr|ng n mn mnh.
- Gch t st cong c tc dng theo c|ng chu nn khng nh hn 125 dng
xy nhng |ng ng thot kh n mn.
- Gch lt bng gm dng lt sn nh, p cc cng rnh v mng thit b trong
mi tr|ng n mn trung bnh v yu.
Gch Klinker lt |ng dng thit k cc sn, mng chn t|ng, cng nh| p cc
mng, cc cng n|c thi, cc ging thm trong mi tr|ng n mn mnh.
Nhng sn phm gm bn axit (gch, gch lt) dng bo v nhng kt cu xy
dng khi b tc dng ca mi tr|ng n mn mnh ( ca cc axit, tru xit Fluorit v

hydrsilic Florua, cc dung dch yu kim, cc dung dch mui v cc dung mi hu
c).
4.9. Cc loi b tng bn axit (k c cc blc t b tng, cc loi) va v cc loi
mattit |c sn xut vi thu tinh lng natri hoc Kali c |a vo mt t cht kch
thch ng rn Fluosilicatnatri vi cht n t cc loi bn axit |c nghin vn
v vi nhng cht ph gia lm tng chu mc cht ca chng (silicagen, nh
t|ng Parafin ti 5% ca khi l|ng thu tinh lng) cn |c dng bo v nhng
kt cu xy dng chu tc ng ca mi tr|ng n mn mnh nh| cc axit v c v
hu c bt k nng no (tr Fluorit nng v hidrsilic Floma) cng nh| cc
dung dch axt, mui v kh. Khng cho php dng cc loi b tng va v mattit nu
trn vo kt cu chu tc dng ca dung dch kim v s tc ng di hn ca n|c
v hi n|c).
4.10. Cc loi mattit l|u hunh bn axit (bng 9) cn |c dng gn cc loi gch
silicat bn axit khi p lt v lt kt cu cng trnh chu tc ng ca cc axit c nng
trung bnh ti 90%:
Khng cho php s dng cc mattit l|u hunh bn axit trong cc kt cu chu tc
ng ca dung mi hu c, ca cc cht - xi ho mnh v ca cc loi kim.
Bng 9 - Thnh phn ca cc mattit l|u hunh bn axit

Thnh phn mattit (theo khi l|ng) Nhm
thnh phn
matt
L|u hunh
k thut
Cht n
bn axit
Bitum mc
BH.III hoc
BH.IV
Grafit
(than ch)
Thiocol
(cao su)
Cao su
l|u ha
I 50 32 15 3 - -
II 70 25 - 5 - -
II 58,8 40 - - 1,2 -
IV 60 36 - - - 4

4.11. Vt liu gc bitum cn |c dng chng thm cho cc kt cu chu tc dng ca
mi tr|ng n mn cng nh| dng xy cc loi gch bn axit v trt cc lp ngn
cch trong c:
Cc mattit bitum (bng 10) dng bo v cc cng trnh xy dng khi b tc dng
ca dung dch pha long axit, kim xtnit, kh l|u hunh, hi amniac v cc loi
kh khc. Khng |c php s dng cc mattit bitum trong mi tr|ng tc ng ca
cc xi ho mnh (crm, l|u hunh mnh, axit nitric) ca cc dung dch hu c
(Benzen; tluen, xilen, du sn, xng v cc loi khc) ca m v kim m c.
Bng l0 - Thnh phn ca cc mattit bitam (nha bitum).

Thnh phn ca cc matit trong cc thnh phn(theo khi l|ng) Matt bitum
Cao su Bitum mc BH -
V
Cht n bn
Axt
Aming Criztin
hoc Antfilit

P 1 100 - 100 5
P - 2 100 - 80 5
P - 3 100 60 5
H 1 100 100 5
H - 2 100 80 5

Cc mattit bitum cao su (bng 11) dng dn cc vt liu cun, si thy tinh v
cc loi khc thm bitum v to lp lt ngn cch d|i lp ph bo v
Bng 11
Thnh phn mattit % (theo khi l|ng) Mc ca mattit
bitum cao su
Mc bitum BH
IV hoc BH -
IV
Mc bitum
BHV hoc BH -
V
Bt cao su Du thc vt
M BP 65 88 - 5 7
M BP 75 88 - 7 5
M BP 90 95 - 7 -
M BP 100 -1 45 45 10 -
M BP 100 - 2 - 83 12 5
B tng bitum vi t l % theo khi l|ng bitum mc KIV- 7, ph gia khong - 20;
ct - 20, dm - 53 (ct v dm dng cho b tng bitum bn axit lybt cc
bn axit, dng cho loi b tng bitum bn kim, ly t cc bn kim). i vi nn
nh, cc lp bo v, lp va lt, cc panen sn chu tc dng th|ng xuyn hoc
khng th|ng xuyn ca mi tr|ng axit hay kim (axit nitric vi nng n 25%
, axit sunfuar n 50% , mui n 20% v ca dung ,dch kim n 10% ).
- Giy du v giy thu tinh dng lm thm cun lp mi nh, lm lp ngn cch
nn v tng hm ca nh sn xut trong mi tr|ng xm thc.
- Giy aming, giy idn v brizn dng bo v mng v nhng kt cu khc c
yu cu cch li n|c v hi n|c.
- Vi thu tinh hoc l|i si thu tinh xy dng dng bo v kt cu khi b n
mn v chng |c s dng nh| nhng vt liu c ct trong cc lp chng thm ca
mi.
Vt liu v sn phm ch to bng Plime
4.12. Keo, mattit, va v b tng ch to bng nha cng mng tng hp phnn -
foocmaldhit, phnn - phuran, phnn pxi, phnn - plieste, cng nh| nhng
cht tng hp ca chng phi |c s dng nh| sau:
a) Keo ch to t nha phnn - foocmaldhit (keo aczanit) c s liu aczanit - l
aczanit - 4, aczanit - 5 v - aczanit tng hp dng l lp chng n mn ho cht cho
sn dng p lt gch gm (d|i dng va lt) v lp y mch xy (mit mch)
khi c tc ng ca mi tr|ng xm thc nh| sau:

Keo aczanit vi tt c cc s hiu dng cho mi tr|ng n|c mui khong v axit
(tr cc axit oxit ho, cn di vi aczanit - l ngoi axit b oxit ho cn tr c axit
hidrofloric).
Aczanit - 4 dng cho dung dch axit hidr - cloric nng trung bnh. Aczanit - 5
dng cho mi tr|ngthng dung dch kim v axit hydroflorit (nng trung bnh)
hay thay i nhit bnh th|ng.
b) Mattit v keo ch to t nha Furen, (bng 12) |c dng nh| cht kt dnh khi p
lt v lt kt cu chu tc ng ca axit (nhm loi tr s oxit ho) dng trong mi
tr|ng cht kim, n|c v dung mi hu c (tr axtn).
Bng 12 - Thnh phn mattit v keo ch to t nha Furan

Thnh phn n v (tnh theo khi l|ng)
Mattit Keo
Cc thnh phn
mattit v keo
1 2 3 4 5
- Nha Furan
(s hiu uA,
uAM, u -2)
80-100 60-80 50-60 30-40 20-30
- Cht lm rn
(acit
sunfuabenzen)
20-25 18-20 50-60 10-12 6-8
- Graphit nghin 100 - 15-18 - -
- Than cc - 100 - 100 -
- Cht ph gia
nghin mn
( anzit v.v..)
- 100 - 100 -
- Ct (ct thch
anh ht nh n
0,3mm)
- - - - 100
c) Va plime v b tng plime ch to t nha furan s liu |A hay |AM ( bng
13) |c s dng lm lp chng ho cht cho sn, lp p mng t|ng m|ng thi
n|c, ga n|c v nhng kt cu khc, dng lm lp lt cng trnh khi c tc ng
ca dung dch axit (tr axit l|u hunh m c, axit nit, axit Crm) ca cc cht
kim v cc dung mi hu c (tr axtn).
Bng 13 - Thnh phn va plime v b tng plime ch to t nha furan.

Cc thnh phn ca va Thnh phn theo % trng l|ng

plime v b tng plime
Va plime B tng Plime
1 2 3
- Nha s hiu |A hay |AM
12-20 9-12
- Cht lm rn (axit
Sunfulbenzen)
3-3,5 2,5-3
- Cht ph gia tr (
anzit, bt thch anh, than
cc, grapht,v.v...)
25-30 10-25
- Ct (thch anh,than
cc,gm v.v...)
50-60 25-50
- dm (granit, than cc,
giy vn agloporit v.v...)
- 40-50

d) Mattt v va P1ime ch to t nha pKi ( bng 14) |c s dng nh| sau:
Mattt dng sn, p lt trn thp v b tng, va Plime dng lm lp ph mt sn
v p mt kt cu khi c tc ng ca axit v c vi nng n 50% (tr axit oxit
oxit ho) ca axit hu c vi mi nng , ca dung dch kim vi nng n 50%
v c dung dch mui cc loi khi c nhit n 50
o
C.
Bng 14 - Thnh phn mattt v va plime ch to t nha pxi

Thnh phn theo % trng l|ng Thnh phn ca mattt v va Plime
Mattt Va
- Nha pxi s hiu 3-5,3-6,3-40 25-50 15-16
- Cht lm rn (Plictilen Pliamit) 2,5-4 1,5-2
-Cht ha do (dibutyl Etalt, dioetyflalt hoc
thiocol)
8-10 3-8
- Cht ph gia tr (Bt thch anh, Anzit, grazit,
bc xt thiu kt, xi mng v.v)
50-75 20-30
- Ct (thch anh, andzit, v.v) - 45-55

e) Mattt v va Polime ch to thnh polieste (bng 15) |c s dng nh| sau:
Mattt - sn ln thp v b tng, cn va Polime dng lt sn v p kt cu chu
tc ng ca dung dch lnh axit v c vi nng ti 20% (tr axit oxi ho) v axit
hu c mi nng nhit n 50
o
C.
Mattt v va Polime khng |c s dng bo v nhng kt cu chu tc ng ca
dung dch kim.
4.13. Vt liu v sn phm ch to t cht do nng v cht n hi dng tm, vt liu
cun v mattit nh|: tm glaphit, Polistirolen, phnlit, tm cht do poli, tm vinyl,
politilen, poliizolentilen, cn |c s dng bo v cng trnh khi b n mn
nh|:

Bng 15 - Thnh phn mattt v va plime ch to t nha ptlieste.

Thnh phn theo % trng l|ng Cc thnh phn ca mattt v va
Mattt Va
(1) (2) (3)
- Nha polieste s hiu 1H-1,1H-3, M.3; 1HT -2Y 20-40 12-13
- Cht kch thch: (Hidroperoxt izoprenbenzen) 0,5-1,2 0,25-0,5
- Cht tng tc (10% keo np talen C ban trong Sirol) 1,5-2,5 0,1-1
- Cht ph gia tr (Bt thch anh, andzit, graphit, cht
n chu, axit)
- 50-60

Ch thch: trnh hnh thnh hn hp n nguy him, nghim cm trn hn hp vi cht
tng tc.
- Tm lt graphi lm lp lt kt cu chu tc dng ca axit, ca dung dch mui v
kim.
- Tm polistirolen lm lp chng n mn bo v t|ng, ct v h ga n|c, khi b
tc ng ca dung dch axit nng thp v dung dch kim c nhit n 70
o
C.
- Tm phnn lt lt sn nh chu tc dng ca axit v c v axit hu c nng
thp v trung bnh.
- Tmvinyl dng p lt mt kt cu chu tc dng ca dung dch kim, mui v
axit (tr nhng xi ho mnh), cht hu c (tr hydrocacbon phom ca- l ho).
- Mng mng politylen hc tm politylen lm vt liu cch n|c trong cc kt
cu sn bn ho cht v lp lt chu tc ng ca axit (tr axit sunfuric m c v
axit nit), ca dung dch mui v kim, v cn ca r|u tlic, axtn, axitanxtic,
axtat tl, axtt vinyl, v nhng cht lng c tnh cht n mn khc c cha dung
mihu c.
- Pliizolentilen (s hiu IlCT) dng lm vt liu cch n|c bn ho cht bo v
cho nhng kt cu khng b n mn, cng nh| dng lm sn bn chng ha cht
d|i tc ng ca axit v c, dung dch mui v kim n mn (trong phm vi nhit
t - 20 n 60
o
C)
Khi c cc cht lng c tnh xm thc cha ho cht v dung mihu c, khng cho
php dng nhng vt liu cch n|c sn xut t bitum (giy du, hidrzn, bizn v
cc loi khc) chng n mn cho kt cu cng nh| chng thm cho sn nh bn
ho cht.
4.14. Vt liu sn dng bo v kt cu khi b n mn cn |c s dng nh| sau:
- Sn mu, men, sn bng ch to t keo ankyl (ghptan, pentaftalat) nitrogliftalt,
ankylstirol v.v...) t vt liu silic hu c, cao su clo, cao su dng vng, keo
peclocatvinyl v t du sn t nhin |c s dng trong mi tr|ng xm thc yu

- Men v Sn bng ch to t cao su clo, keo pecloratvinyl clovinyl ng trng hp
vinylclorit, keo poliuri, keo ppoxi, nairit, politilen closunfat, thiocl |c s dng
trong mi tr|ng xm thc trung bnh v xm thc mnh.
- Sn bng mu bn dng nt ch to t plitilen closunfit, thiocol v nairit |c s
dng bo v kt cu b tng ct thp chu tc dng ca mi tr|ng xm thc v
|c tnh ton theo cp th ba kh nng chng nt.
Bo v kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp
4.15. Vic bo v cc kt cu nm d|i mt t ca nh v cng trnh phi tu thuc vo
mc n mn ca n|c |c xc nh theo bng 3a, 3b, 3c, phi xt ti cc n|c
ngm tng ln v kh nng tng mc xm thc ca n|c so vi nhng ch tiu
thit k ban u. Nu trong qu trnh s dng cng trnh, cc dung dch xm thc
mnh c kh nng chy vo t nn, th nht thit phi tin hnh cc bin php bo
v kt cu t ngm d|i mt t.
4.16. bo v y mng t thp hn mc n|c ngm c xm thc yu v trung bnh
cng nh| khi mc n|c ngm c kh nng ln cao ti y mc (hoc do mao dn)
cn phi c mt lp m c chiu dy khng nh hn l00mm bng dm dm k
v |c thm nhp bitum n bo ho - Khi c tc ng ca mi tr|ng xm thc
mnh, trn lp m cn phi di lp atphan bn axit v chn lp giy du cch n|c.
4.17. Vic bo v chng n mn b mt ca kt cu nh v cng trnh (mng, tuy nen,
knh m|ng, |ng ng v.v... ) cng nh| cc kt cu ngn che nhng bung tng
hm (t|ng, sn) , chu tc ng xm thc ca n|c ngm v n|c thi cng nghip
phi |c thc hin theo bng 16.
4.18. Cc b tng ct thp s dng trong mi tr|ng xm thc yu v trung bnh phi |c
bo v bng tm bitum nng, bng nha du m (ptrlaton) , hoc qut lp tilen
pxi mt ngoi; trong mi tr|ng xm thc mnh th phi pxi.
Bng 16 - Bo v chng n mn b mt cc kt cu
d|i mt t ca nh v cng trnh

Loi bo v b mt kt cu ngm Cp bo v chng n
mn b mt
Mi tr|ng xm thc
yu
Mi tr|ng xm thc
trung bnh
Mi tr|ng xm thc
mnh
1 Bitum Asphan ngui v
nng
poxi
poxi than
poxi Bitum
2 Bitum Latc Dn bng vt liu
cun bitum (ghi
drzn, brizp, izn
vi t|ng xy bo v
bn ngoi
Bn gia c bng vt
liu cun vi t|ng
bo v.
3 Bitum
Entinon
Dn bng vt liu
cun bn ha cht
(poliizonbutilen,

plitilen,
Polivinylelorit, hoc
vn thy tinh c ct)
4 Va polime ch to
bng nha tng hp
cng nng
Ch thch:
1) Bng ny |c s dng ng thi vi bng 3a, 3b, 3c
2) Vic chn loi bo v chng n mn phi da vo kt qu ca cc ph|ng n so snh kinh
t k thut.
4.19. Khi c t nhim mn (khi mn l% theo trng l|ng t kh v hn 15 g/lt trong
n|c khi chn mu th t t m |t) trong iu kin thi tit kh nng, phi s
dng c cht (c rng khng ln hn 2% theo quy nh ca OCT 12750 -
67) hoc b tng c khi l|ng ring (mt ) quy nh trong bng 3a, 3b, 3c
lm mng v kt cu t|ng nm.
Khng |c s dng xi mng pooc lng puzlan lm mng v nhng kt cu
khc chn su cc b vo t ca cng trnh c bc hi b mt, bt buc phi c
cc lp cch n|c trn ton b b mt cc mng t hon ton hoc mt phn d|i
mc n|c ngun, trong t m |t, trong vng c n|c mao dn hay c trong t
kh nh|ng c kh nng b m |t.
4.20. Trong mi tr|ng cht lng xm thc mng - b tng v b tng ct thp d|i ct
thp v thit b, phi nh cao hn mt sn t nht 300 mm.
Trong tr|ng hp khng thc hin |c yu cu nu trn, phi thc hin b tng
m chn ct n cao 500 mm v phi vn cc lp cch li bng vt liu cun t
sn ln t nht 300 mm bo v, chn ct khi b n mn do cc cht lng xm thc
bm vo.
4.21. Mng d|i thit b cn |c bo v khi mi tr|ng xm thc v phi c lp cch
n|c bo m chng thm cho lp bo v trn sn ng thi phi c m gim
rung hoc cc bin php khc nhm gi nguyn cc lp cch n|c.
Nu mng c kh nng th|ng xuyn chu tc ng ca cc cht lng xm thc
trung bnh v mnh d|i cc thit b, cn thit phi lm thm tm y t vt liu
bn ho cht.
4.22. D|i tc ng ca mi tr|ng lng xm thc lm h thng k thut ngm chng phi
|c b tr trong nhng knh - rnh hoc hm ngm sao cho vn c th em kim tra
mt cch c h thng.
Trong mi tr|ng lng xm thc yu, cho php t cc h thng k thut trong t
hay trn nn b tng ca sn.
4.23. Cc kt cu b tng ct thp trn mt t phi |c bo v chng n mn bng
nhng bin php ph mt sau y:
a) Sn du bng mu (chu |c nt dn v khng chu |c nt dn) ln b mt
c lp sn lt.

b) Trt bng va Polime, va bitum hoc cc loi va khc.
c) Dn bng vt liu cun hoc mng mng bn ho cht.
d) Ph mt ngoi bng vt liu ghp bn ho cht (gch chng axit tm gm,
phn xut, x titan, cht do v.v...).
4.24. Nhng on t|ng v ct phi |c bo v theo chiu cao b tc ng xm thc ca
n bng lp p mt bng vt liu bn ho cht (tng b dy Bn du bng mu, bng
gm nn axit, bng mattit polime v.v...) nhng on t|ng v ct thp phi bo v
khi b vy te ca cc cht lng xm thc bng cc g chn t|ng v vt liu bn
ho cht, cao hn mt sn t nht 300 mm.
4.25. Tun theo cc yu cu CH*1 ch|ng "K thut Nhit xy dng tiu chun thit k
cc lp cch hi n|c cho tm (ghidrzn, bricn, izn, giy du, plittile polivinyl,
clorit v.v...) dn trn mattt bitum hay keo tng hp.
4.26. Cc nhm lp ph du bng mu bo v kt cu b tng ct thp, kt cu s dng
trong mi tr|ng khi xm thc |c phn chia theo bng 17. Lp ph du bng mu
chng |c nt, |c dng kt cu b tng ct thp tnh ton theo kh nng chng
nt nhm 3 v theo tc ng ca ti trng ng v ti trng lp li nhiu ln.
Bng 17 Nhm ph lp du bng mu bo v kt cu b tng ct thp v kt
cu g dng trong mi tr|ng kh xm thc

Cc nhm ph du bng mu bo v kt cu (nhm lp ph theo ph lc 5 bng 26 -
27)
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp v tr
Trong phng Ngoi phng
Mc tc
ng ca
mi tr|ng
n mn
(theo bng
I) Khng |c
chng nt
Chng |c
nt
Khng
chng |c
nt
Chng |c
nt
Trong
phng
Ngoi
phng
- n mn
yu
Khng cn bo v
- n mn
trung bnh
II III II
T
III
I
II
a
III
a
II III
a
II III II
a
III
a
- n mn
mnh
IV IV
I
IV
a
IV
a
V
- Nhm c lp bo v cao hn dng cho cc kt cu c kh khn trong phc hi cc lp ph
b mt.
Ch thch
1. Bng ny s dng ng thi vi iu 4 -14.
2. Nhng lp ph lin quan ti nhm X ca lp ph du bng mu bo v khng c
tnh bn ha cht.
3. Nhng nhm lp ph bo v kt cu bn trong phng p dng cho nh c s|i
m v khng s|i m.

4.27. Cc khe bin dng ca kt cu bao che phi |c che bng thp l m km khng g
hay bng thp bc cao su, bc pli-izn butilen hoc rlina Cc l thp ny cn
|c cu to sao cho mi tr|ng xm thc khng th lt qua |c.
Cc mi ni kt cu bao che cn |c lm kn bng cch bt nhng khe h bng nha
hoc mattt khi trong thnh phn cht lng xm thc c dung miv hp cht hu
c th khng |c bt kn mi ni bng cc vt liu trong hp gc bitum.
Bo v kt cu g, xi mng amilng v nhng kt cu khc
4.28. Nhng kt cu bng g s dng trong mi tr|ng xm thc trung bnh v mnh phi
|c bo v bng lp ph du bng mu ch bin t nha peclovinyl v cao su tng
hp.
4.29. Khun v cnh ca s v ca i bng g phi |c bo v bng nhng lp ph du
bng mu bn ha cht theo nh| nhng quy nh trong bng 17.
4.30. Sn phm xi mng amilng phi |c bo v chng n mn theo cc bng 1 v bng
2 ty thuc vo bn ca chng m khng cn bin php bo v b sung. Khi c
bi mui Kali phi bo v bng lp ph du bng mu bn ha cht.
5. Bo v chng n mn cho kt cu nh v cng trnh nng nghip v nhng cng
trnh khc
Nh v cng trnh nng nghip
5.1. Khi thit k bo v chng n mn kt cu nh v cng trnh nng nghip, mc tc
ng n mn ca mi tr|ng kh ln kt cu nh v cng trnh nng nghip phi ly
theo bng 18
Bng 18 Mc tc ng n mn ca mi tr|ng kh ln kt cu nh v
cng trnh nng nghip

Mc tc ng n mn ca mi tr|ng kh ln kt cu
Gch
Nh v
cng trnh
m
t|ng i
ca khng
kh trong
phng
theo%
B tng B tng
ct thp
G Xi mng
Amilng
t st p
do
Silict
1. Chn
nui gia
sc gia
cm
^ 60% Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
61 75% nt n mn
yu
nt nt nt nt
75% n mn
yu
n mn
trung bnh
- n mn
yu
- n mn
trung bnh
2. Nh
kho v
nh ch
bin sn
phm
nng
^ 60% Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn

nghip
(khng k
nh v
cng trnh
kho ng
cc v
thc n
chua)
61 75% nt nt nt nt nt nt
>75% nt n mn
yu
- - - n mn
trung bnh
3. Nh m
v nh
knh
61 - 75 n mn
yu
n mn
yu
Khng n
mn
n mn
yu
Khng n
mn
n mn
yu
>75% n mn
trung bnh
n mn
trung bnh
Khng n
mn
n mn
yu
Khng n
mn
n mn
trung bnh
4. Nh
kho c
kh

Ch thch:
Trong kho rau qu vi mi tr|ng kh iu chnh tr|c, mc tc ng n mn ln kt cu
phi thc hin theo cc tiu chun thit k cng ngh.
2. i vi nh v cng trnh kho ng cc, chung nui th v th (chung dng ring bit),
mi tr|ng kh khng c tnh xm thc i vi nhng kt cu ghi trong bng trn:
3. Khi thit k cc kt cu g phi thc hin vic bo v b sung khi s ph hoi sinh vt
hc i vi g trong cng trnh theo quy nh trong CH*1 ch|ng "thit k kt cu g"
4 - Nh v cng trnh nng nghip xy bng gch silict trong mi tr|ng xm thc yu v
trung bnh |c thc hin bo v bng lp ph mt ngoi theo bng 17.
5.2. Mi tr|ng cht lng (n|c thi v n|c c pha cht st trng) trong nh chn nui
gia sc v gia cm c tnh xm thc yu i vi ximng aming, b tng v gch t
st c tnh xm thc trung bnh i vi g - mi tr|ng cht lng trong cng trnh
cha thc n dng c rm r chua mang tnh xm thc yu i vi gch t st p
do, mang tnh xm thc trung bnh i vi b tng nng , b tng ct thp v xi
mng aming.
5.3. Mc tc ng n mn ca phn bn v c kh i vi kt cu kho cha phn bn
v c v cc ho cht bo v thc vt phi |c p dng theo, bng 19
Bng 19 - Mc tc ng n mn ca phn khong kh i vi kt cu kho
cha phn khong v cha sn phm ho hc bo v thc vt.

Mc tc ng n mn ca phn khong i vi kt cu bng
Xi mng
Amilng
Gch
Nhm phn
khong
Mc
m theo
CH*1
II.A.7.71
B tng B tng
ct thp
G
t st
p do
Silict

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Kh Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
Bnh
th|ng
- - - - - -
1) Pht pho
(Supe pht
pht, x qung
pht pht, bt
xp Forit)
m n mn
yu
n mn
yu
- n mn
yu
- n mn
yu
Kh n mn
yu
n mn
yu
Khng n
mn
n mn
yu
Khng n
mn
n mn
yu
Bnh
th|ng
- nmn
trung bnh
n mn
yu
- n mn
yu
n mn
trung
bnh
2) Amoni
(sunpht
amoni, Clorit
amoni)
m n mn
trung
bnh
n mn
mnh
- n mn
trung bnh
n mn
trung
bnh
-
Kh n mn
yu
n mn
yu
Khng n
mn
n mn
yu
Khng n
mn
n mn
yu
3) Nit
(Nitrat canxi)
Bnh
th|ng
nt nt n mn
yu
nt n mn
yu
Nt
Nitratnatri,
cacralit)
m n mn
trung
bnh
n mn
trung bnh
nt n mn
trung bnh
n mn
trung
bnh
n mn
trung
bnh
4) Kali (Do
kali, sunfat
kali,
sinvinhyt,
cacralit)
Kh n mn
trung
bnh
n mn
trung bnh
nt n mn
trung bnh
n mn
trung
bnh
n mn
trung
bnh
Bnh
th|ng
n mn nt nt nt nt nt
m nt n mn
mnh
nt nt n mn
trung
bnh
n mn
trung
bnh

Ch thch:
1 - Mc tc ng n mn ca phn khong n vi kt cu nu trong bng ng
vi iu kin khng c s ngm n|c trc tip.
2 - Tnh n mn ca phn bn tng hp theo thnh phn c tnh n mn ln hn.
3 Nhng sn phm ho hc bo v thc vt |c sp xp v bo qun trong thng hm,
khng biu hin tc ng n mn trn kt cu.
5.4. Chng n mn cho cc kt cu nh v cng trnh nng nghip cn phi theo nh| yu
cu ca ch|ng 3 v 4.
Vt liu bo v kt cu v lp lt nn khng |c c hi i vi gia sc v gia
cm; cn i.vi cc gian phng c lin quan ti khu ch bin cc sn phm nng

nghip th |c php, trong mt mc nht nh, tip xc vi sn phm nng
nghip.
5.5. Lin kt inh ca mi ghp trong kt cu g v kt cu aming xi mng phi |c
thit k vi inh bng hp kim nhm mc 01915, 01920 v AM 6- H.
ng khi, ng hi - khi v ng thng gi
5.6. Khi thit k bo v chng n mn cho cc ng thi kh (khi, hi, - khi v thng
gi) cn phi xt n nhit , m v thnh phn ho hc ca kh thi thnh phn
cc ht bi trong kh thi, s l|ng, tc chuyn ng v p sut tnh ca kh trong
ct khi; kh nng to thnh v thnh phn ho hc ca lp cn bm b mt lt v
ng.
5.7. bo v ng khi v hi khi bng b tng ct thp chu tc ng ca mi tr|ng
n mn yu v trung bnh, cn phi dng nhng lp ph sn. B mt bn trong ca
ct ng khi - thng hi t nhin, ca khe h gia thnh v lp lt, v ca ng hi -
Khi cn |c bo v bng sn ph nha px v nhng cht nha bn ho cht
khc trong cc ng khi lt gch dng "ng trong ng' phn b tng ct ng cn
|c bo v bng lp ph gc sn Polirtan;
5.8. i vi ng thng gi dng "ng trong ng" chu tc dng ca mi tr|ng n mn
mnh, cn |c bo v nh| sau:
- Nu l ng b tng ct thp - lt bng cht do kt cu bn ho hc (cht do
thu tinh vi nhi - plt, phao lit c ct hoc lp), cc loi thp c bit chu
axit hoc g ch bin c bit.
- Nu l cc khung thp phi theo nhng yu cu bo v kt cu thp khi b n
mn.
lt cc ng khi cn s dng:
- Gch t st c bn chu nn khng nh hn 125, xy bng va, xi mng ( trong
cc ng thi hi - khng n mn):
- Gch chu axit, hoc gch t st xy trt bng mattit hay va chu axit trong cc
ng thi hi khi n mn);
lt ng thi kh khi cn phi dng gch chu axit c lp trt bn axit
5.9. lt ng thng gi b tng ct thp phi dng gm nh hnh chu axit v gch
chu axit c lp trt nn axit hoc plime
5.10. i vi kt cu b tng ct thp dng thi kh n mn. phi dng b tng c
chc c bit vi t l n|c - xi mng ( X
N
) khng ln hn 0,35 - 0,40
5.11. Kt cu ng khi, ng hi - khi v ng thng gi tu thuc mc tc dng n
mn ca mi tr|ng |c ch dn trong bng 20
Bng 20 - Kt cu ng khi, hi - khi v thng gi
tu thuc tc dng n mn ca mi tr|ng

c tnh ca mi tr|ng
p dng ca
ng
Cc loi kh m Nhit kh Kh nng to Kt cu ng


(nhm kh
theo bng
23 ph lc
2)
t|ng
i ca
khng
kh %
0
C n|c ng|ng t
1 2 3 4 5 6
Khng n
mn v
nhm n
mn
^ 60 120 - 200 Khng Tr b tng ct thp c lp
lt v lp cch nhit
Nh| trn ^ 60 90 - 160 Chu k d|i
im s|ng
Tr b tng ct thp c bo
v v c khe h thng gi
gia tr v lp (c s phng
in ca khng kh trong
tr)
Thi khi
Nhm n
mn
^ 60 70 - 140 Chu k d|i
im s|ng c
to n|c ng|ng
t
Tr b tng ct thp
a) C lp lt gch xy dng
vi khe h thng thong
kiung trong ng
b) Vi cc tr kim loi v
lp cch nhit bn ngoi
c) Vi s i p trong khe
h thng gi gia tr v lp
lt.
Nhm n
mn A
^ 60 250 - 300 Khng Tr kim loi vi lp lt
bng gch sa mt
Nhm n
mn B
61 - 75 80 - 120 Chu k d|i
im s|ng
Tr gch vi lp bo v v
lp lt c khe h thng gi.
Th hi khi
Nh| trn > 75 40 - 120 C to s|ng Tr b tng ct thp c lp
bo v v lp lt vi khe h
thng thong gia tr v
lp lt.
Thng gi
hoc kh tha
Nhm n
mn B
> 75 30 - 60 To s|ng axit Tr b tng ct thp c lp
bo v, hoc c khung gin
thp treo bn trong nhng
tr bng vt liu polime, g
hoc thp chu axit

+ Kh trong hi khi c SO
3

(ti 0,008%) v c kh nng to axit sun-fu-ric, nhng
kh ny c tnh n mn mnh i vi b tng v va xi mng ct.
Sn
5.12. Sn ca cc nh sn xut trong mi tr|ng n mn cn |c thit k ph hp nhng
yu cu ca CH*1 ch|ng "Sn" quy phm thit k" v nhng yu cu ca ch|ng
ny.
5.13. Mc n mn ca mi tr|ng lng ln cc vt liu ph nn bn ho cht |c nu
bng 21

Bng 21 - Mc n mn ca mi tr|ng lng ln cc vt liu ph nn bn ho
cht
Mc tc ng n mn ca mi tr|ng lng ln cc vt liu ph nn
bn ha cht
c tnh
ca mi
tr|ng
Nng %
(1)
Gch chu
axit
Thy tinh
lng
Bitum v
nha |ng
Cht do
nng(2)
Cht do
hot tnh(3)
1) Kim >5 n mn
yu
n mn
mnh
n mn
trung bnh
Khng n
mn
n mn
yu
Xt 1 - 5 Khng n
mn
Nh| trn n mn
yu
nt nt
<1 Nh| trn - Khng n
mn
- Khng n
mn
2) Baz:
vi, natri
cacbonat,
mui baz
Bt k nt n mn
mnh
nt - nt
3) Axit:
Khong v
hu c
khng o xi
ha
>5 - Khng n
mn
n mn
yu
- -
1 - 5 - nt n mn
yu
- -
<1 - n mn
yu
Khng n
mn
- -
4) Dung
dch |ng,
mt v c
du m
Bt k - Khng n
mn
n mn
yu
- -
5) Axit, oxi
ha(4)
nitric,
sunfuaric
>5 - n mn
mnh
n mn
trung bnh
n mn
trung bnh
1 - 5 - - n mn yu n mn
yu
C rm c
lo
<1 - n mn
yu
nt Khng n
mn
Khng n
mn
6) Dung
mi(5) hu
c axeton,
xng v.v
- - Khng n
mn
- Nh| trn Nh| trn

(1) Nng dung dch n mn khng |c qu 20% khi dung dch n mn c nng ln,
kh nng s dng vt liu |c xc nh bng cc thng s kim tra thc nghim b sung.

(2) Vt liugc l cht do nng - plitylen tm, pliizbutilcn, plivinyclorit
(3) Cht do hot tnh - nha matic mattt v b tng cht do gc phnol, phuran, polieste
v pxi.
(4) Axit xi ho ph hy v vt liugc hu c.
(5) Dung miv nhng cht hu c ha tan bitum.
(6) Lp ph t nha phnol v plieste khng bn trong kim
(7) Mc tc ng n mn ca mi tr|ng lng ln lp ph nn bng b tng si g v vt
liu khc nu trong bng 3a, b,c v 4.
5.14. Chn lp chng thm ca sn |c xc nh theo mc tc ng n mn ca mi
tr|ng lng v c|ng tc dng ca chng (CH*1 ch|ng thit k sn);
a) Khi c|ng nh v khi mc tc ng n mn yu cn c lp trt chng thm
bng mattt bitum hoc plime.
b) Vi mi tr|ng lng n mn yu, nh|ng c|ng tc ng l trung bnh v ln,
hoc vi mi tr|ng n mn trung bnh v mnh nh|ng c|ng tc ng l nh, th
phi dng cc lp chng thm sn bng cc vt liu cun gc bitum hay nha tm
cun (2 - 3 lp).
c) Khi mi tr|ng lng n mn mnh v c c|ng tc ng ln, cn phi s dng
lp dn chng them vi s lp tng thm 1 n 2 lp so vi lp ch trong phn b.
Chng thm t|ng t |c s dng trong cc knh dn, mng dn v rng ra 1m
sng mi bn k t dng knh rnh. Kt cu sn dng trong mi tr|ngn mn mnh
dn trong ph lc 6(Bng 28).
5.15. Khi thit k sn trn nn t trong tr|ng hp mi tr|ng n mn mnh v trung
bnh c|ng tc ng mnh, cn s dng thm lp chng thm d|i lp lng
nn, khng ph thuc vp iu kin c n|c ngm hay khng v vo mc n|c
ngm.
Khi mc n|c ngm cao dn gim mc xung, hoc s dng cc bin php
khc loi tr hn kh nng dng n|c ti lp ph lng nn.
Ph lc 1
Bng 22 Mc tc ng n mn ca mi tr|ng ln kt cu phi kim loi
khng |c bo V

Kt qu s dng kt cu
trong mt nm
Kt qu s dng kt cu
trong 1 nm
Mc tc
ng n mn
ca mi
tr|ng
Gim bn
vng n
mn %
Biu hin bn
ngoi ca n
mn
Mc tc
ng n mn
%
Gim
bn vng
n mn %
Biu hin
bn ngoi
ca n mn
Khng n mn 0 - n mn trung
bnh
5-20 Ph hy cc
gc hoc
nhng khe
nt mao dn
n mn yu <5 Ph hy yu
mt ngai vt
n mn mnh 20 Ph hy vt
liu th hin

liu r rng (nt
toc mnh)

Ph lc 2
Bng 23 Phn nhm kh n mn theo dng v nng ca chng

Nhm kh Tn gi Nng mg/m
3
1 2 3
A Kh cchonat
Amniac
AnhydricSunfua
Hydro Florua
Axit Sunfuhydric
Oxit Nit
Clo
Hydro Clorua

^ 1000
<0,2
<0,5
<0,02
<0,01
<0,10
<0,1
<0,05
B Amniac
Anhydric Sunfua
Hydro Florua
Axit Sunfuric
Oxit Not
Kh Ccbonat
Clo
Hydro Clorlla
AnhydricSunfua
Hydro Florua
Axit Sunfuhydric
_ 0,2
0,5 10
0,02 5
0,01 10
0,1 5
> 1000
0,1 1
0,05 5
11 200
5,1 10
11 - 200
C Oxit Nit
Clo
Hydro Florua
5,1 25
1,1 5
5,1 10
D AnhydricSunfua
Hydro Florua
Axit Sunfuhydric
Oxit Nit
Clo
Hydro Clorua

26 1000
11 100
201 2000
26 100
2,1 10
11 100
E Anhydric Sunfua > 1000

Hydro Florua
Axit Sunfuric
Oxit Nit
Clo
Hydro Clorua

> 100
> 2000
> 100
> 10
> 100

Ch thch
1) Khi nng ca cc kh ln hn s liu dn trong bng ny th kh nng s dng vt
liu t|ng t hc vt liu khc lm kt cu xy dng |c xc nh trn c s s liu
nghin cu thc nghim.
2) Khi trong mi tr|ng n mn c mt s loi kh n mn v nng ca mi loi khi
st vi gii hn nu trong bng th mc n mn ly theo ch s ca kh khi n mn
ln nht.
Ph lc 3
Bng 24 Nhng mui ha tan ph bin nht v c tr|ng nht ca chng

Tn gi dung dch mui m bnh qun
t|ng i %
Kh nng ha tan
trong 100g n|c
20
0
C
Tnh ht n|c
EnCl
2
ZnCl
2
+Ca Cl
2
.6H
2
O
Zn(NO
3
)
2

NH
4
NO
3

NaNO
3

NaCl
NH
4
Cl
Na
2
SO
4
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
HCl
CaSO
4
ZnSO
4
KNO
3
Na
2
CO
3

K
2
SO
4
CaSO
4

10
35
42
67
77
78
79
81
81
86
89
91
93
93
99
-
367
74,5+535
118,8
192
87,5
35,9
37,5
19,2
76,3
34,4
76,4
54,1
21,6
21,5
11,1
0,20
D ht n|c
nt

Ht n|c yu
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt

Ch thch: Khi gi tr m t|ng i ln hn gi tr bnh qun nu trong ct 2, trn b
mt kt cu s c n|c ng|ng t.

Ph lc 4
Bng 25 Gi tr h s a v b xc nh hm l|ng axit cacbonic t do trong
n|c mi tr|ng.

Hm l|ng tng cng ion Cl v SO
4
-
,mg/lt kim
Bicacbont
0-200 201-400 401-600 601-800 801-100 Ln hn
100
Tnh
theo

T|ng
|ng
mg/lt
a b a b a b a b a b a b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3 1 0 15
4 1,4 0,01 16 0,01 17 0,01 17 0 17 0 17 0 17
5 1,8 0,04 17 0,04 18 0,03 17 0,02 18 0,02 18 0,02 18
6 2,1 0,07 19 0,06 19 0,05 18 0,04 18 0,04 18 0,04 19
7 2,5 0,10 21 0,08 20 0,07 19 0,06 18 0,06 18 0,05 18
8 2,9 0,13 23 0,11 21 0,09 19 0,08 18 0,07 18 0,07 18
9 3,2 0,16 25 0,14 22 0,11 20 0,10 19 0,09 18 0,08 18
10 3,6 0,20 27 0,17 23 0,14 21 0,12 19 0,11 18 0,10 18
11 4,0 0,24 29 0,20 24 0,16 22 0,15 20 0,13 19 0,12 19
12 4,3 0,28 32 0,24 26 0,19 23 0,17 21 0,16 20 0,14 20
13 4,7 0,32 34 0,28 27 0,22 24 0,20 22 0,19 21 0,17 21
14 5,0 0,36 36 0,32 29 0,25 26 0,23 23 0,22 22 0,19 22
15 5,4 0,40 38 0,36 30 0,29 27 0,26 24 0,24 23 0,22 23
16 5,7 0,44 41 0,40 32 0,32 28 0,29 25 0,27 24 0,25 24
17 6,1 0,48 43 0,44 34 0,36 30 0,33 26 0,30 25 0,28 25
18 6,4 0,54 46 0,47 37 0,40 32 0,35 28 0,33 27 0,31 27
19 6,8 0,61 48 0,51 39 0,44 33 0,37 30 0,37 29 0,34 28
20 7,1 0,67 51 0,55 41 0,48 35 0,41 31 0,41 30 0,38 29
21 7,5 0,74 53 0,60 43 0,55 37 0,45 33 0,45 31 0,41 31
22 7,8 0,81 55 0,65 45 0,58 38 0,49 34 0,49 33 0,44 32
23 8,2 0,88 58 0,70 47 0,63 40 0,53 35 0,53 54 0,48 33
24 8,6 0,96 60 0,76 49 0,68 42 0,57 37 0,57 36 0,52 35
25 9,0 1,01 63 0,81 51 0,73 44 0,61 39 0,61 38 0,56 37
Ph lc 5
Ph sn bo v i vi kt cu b tng ct thp v kt cu g
Bng 26 Ph sn v bo v i vi kt cu b tng ct thp
Ph sn bo v i vi kt cu b tng ct thp Chiu dy tng

Ph sn bo v i vi kt cu b tng ct thp
K hiu quy
|c (phn
nhm ca lp
ph)
Dng ph
cng ca lp
ph
K
II

II
II
T

II
aT

III

III
a

III
aT
IV

IV
a
IV
T
Lp ph bn ho cht i vi nhng bung phng bn trong
Lp ph bn kh quyn. bn ha cht
Lp ph bn ho cht, chng nt i vi nhng bung phng
bn trong
Lp ph chng nt,bn kh quyn, bn ho cht.
Lp ph bn kh quyn bn ha cht.
phng bn trong chng nt i vi nhng
Lp ph chng nt, bn kh quyn bn ha cht
Lp ph bn kh quyn bn ha cht
Lp ph bn ho cht,chng nt i vi nhng bung phng
bn trong

100-150

100-150
150

150
150-200

150-200

200-250

200-250
250

Ch thch
1) Lp sn, t|ng t nh| to mng trong men ph, dng lm lp lt qu t ln b tng.
2) Nhng lp ph bn ha cht t nhm II n nhm VI c th s dng cc cht t
peroclovinyl, polime, caoan clo ha, px, priurta, v nhng cht to mng bn ha
hc khc.
3) Nhng lp ph chng nt bn ha cht t nhm II n nhm IV c th s dng cc cht
ha t motitilen, Sunfureclo, cao su ticn, nairit v nhng cht to mn khc.
Bng 27 Ph sn bo v i vi kt cu g

K hiu quy |c
(phn nhm ca
lp ph)
Dng ph Chiu dy tng cng
ca lp ph
K
khng nh hn
II

Lp ph bn ha cht i vi nhng bung phng bn
trong
60
II
a
Lp ph bn kh quyn, bn ha cht 60
III Lp ph bn ha cht i vi nhng bung phng bn
trong

III
a
Lp ph bn kh quyn, bn ha cht 90
IV Lp ph bn ha cht i vi nhng bung phng bn 140

trong
IV
a
Lp ph bn kh quyn, bn ha cht

Ph lc 6
Bng 28- Kt cu sn cho cc x nghip chu mi tr|ng n mn

Kt cu sn v vt liu Mi tr|ng
n mn
Mc
tcng n
mn
Ngn cch n|c
hoc lp lm
cht
Lp xen gia i
vi vt liu tng
chic mt
Ph sn
1 2 3 4 5
n mn yu Bzion, giy bc,
izon
Lp trt silicat
trn c s thy
tinh lng
- Gch gm men hoc
gch bn axit
- Sn khng c khe, v
trn c s nha px
tm tng hp
n mn trung
bnh
- izon, brizen,
pliizbutilen s
88
Lp trt silicat
plime
gch hoc gch men bn
axit, gch t x xitan
Cc axit
khong v cc
axit hu c
khng oxi ha
n mn
mnh
pliizbutilen, vi
ph pliclovinyl
ho l plityen
gp theo bng
hm
Lp trt silicat
plime, Lp
plime
gch hoc gch men bn
axit, gch t x xitan,
gch men hoc blc t
b tng cht do, gch
c t nng chy.
Axit xi ha T n mn
yu n n
mn mnh
pliizbutilen s
88
Lp trt silicat
plime
nt
Axit c Flo nt - izon, brizon,
pliizbutilen
Tm bitum hoc
dung dch plime
vi cc hoc
grafit.
Gch grafit loi ATM,
gch b tng plime c
hm l|ng cc bon n.
Kim v baz nt pliizbutilen Va xi mng, va
plime
Mattt px tng hp,
gch gm hoc gch
Tc dng thay
i axit v
kim
Tm bitum va
plime hoc Lp
trt silicat plime
loi pargranit,
Fairon hoc
aozamit 5
Mattt px tng hp
Mi tr|ng
phc tp
Plitilen gp li Va plime trn
acmamit 5 hoc
loi 5vn nng
Mattt px tm tng
hp, gch x xi tan v
mit mch bng mattt
plime

02-TCXD 149 Bao Ve Ket Cau

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

02-TCXD 149 Bao Ve Ket Cau

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tiu chun vit nam TCVN 149:1978

You might also like