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PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

PLC
What is the programmable logic controller?
The basic function of a plc is to provide out put commands to a
machine or process.
The plc is similar to the familiar relay logic panel but with
extended capabilities.
The internal wiring of a plc is fixed and the local function that it
must perform are programmed in to a memory hence the name
programmable controller.
A processor with built in routines scans the input signals and in
accordance with the stared programme in memory initiates the required
out put signals.
The plc may perform timing counting and other functions
dependant on the design of the plc.
GLOAR! O" TERMINOLOG!
Access time: A characteristic of a storage device. !hich indicates the
elapsed time between the instant when a communication has been to the
instant when a communication has ended. The information may be
transmits or received.
A##ress: A unique identification assigned to a particular location"
where data may be deposited or retrained.
B$C$%: A convenient method of grouping a digital codes when it is
required to display a number in its decimal form. #our bits being required
for each digit e.g. $% &'&'
Binar&: A numbering system based up on succession integral powers of
two.
Bit: part of a word (equivalent of a syllable) e.g. A '* bit word may be
considered as two +bit bytes consisting of a high order byte and a low
order byte.

Central processing 'nit: The primary control device in a
programmable logic controller (plc) which provides the capability to
address a storage location and retrieve or deposit information perform
arithmetic and logical operations and to monitor and sequence
instructions. Also to direct the flow of data to and from the other elements
of the system.
%ata: A group of characters to which a specific meaning may be
assigned.
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PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
%igit: A symbol representing one of the elements of a positional number
system.
E$E$R$O$M: (,lectrically erasable read only memory) ,xposure to 0.1
light not required. The device is electrically erasable.
E$P$R$O$M: (,rasable programmable read only memory) may be
programmed by the user. ,xposure to the ultra violet light of the caret
intensities will erase the contents of the memory. The device may then be
completely re programmed.
,nable permits a device to operate.
"lag ("): a control relay or memory internal to the system" which may
be set or reset.
"lo* chart: a bloc2 diagram displaying the local flow of a system or
process from this chart a program can be written.
"ormat list: the predetermined arrangement of items within a group or
program.
Gate: a logic device having one out put" where the out put state is
determined by the state of one or more inputs.
Inp't (+): data or signal to be processed.
Instr'ction list: a statement which species an operation and the values
and 3 or the location of the elements to be used in the operation.
M'ltiple,ing: method of sequential processing of random information.
Non - remnant mo#'le: input and out put devices that operate in
con.unction with the processor controlling a machine or process. Also
equipment which is external to the processor 2eyboard" programmer"
printer" floppy discs.
Photo - isolation (opto - isolator): a technique for transmitting signals
between two circuits which are electrically isolated from one another.
This is a chivied by the use of a light emitting diode in one circuit" which
is optically coupled to a photo transistor in the other circuit.
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PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
Programme# (so.t*are)/ a plan devised for solving a problem.
P$R$O$M (programmable rea# onl& memor&): manufactured such that
the user (or distributor) may program the desired bit pattern usually by
blowing fuse lin2s within the device.
4ote: limited modifications are possible by blowing some of the
remaining lin2s.
Rea#/ to acquire information usually from some type of storage device.
R$O$M (rea# onl& memor&): the devise is programmed during
manufacture and may not be written in to by the central processor unit
(560) ideal for quantity production and used only for starting a well
proven program.
Rea# o't: a visual display usually in numerical form" which enables
read to be achieved.
R$A$M (ran#om access memor&): the devise can be written in to or
read from the central processor unit (560) requires 7.A.8 for temporary
storage. 7.A.8 may be also used for program development.
Remnant mo#'le: a devise" which will retain its status in the event of a
supply failure.
$can the sequential examination of devices or lists of information under
program control.
can rate: the rate at which the sequential inspection of devise or list of
information ta2es place.
tat's: the condition of a devise i.e." on off energi9ed or de energi9ed.
Wor#: a sequence of bits handled simultaneously as a unit.
4ote: usually a word is the largest number of bits that can be treated as
one unit.
Write: to deposit data into a storage device.
Inter.ace: a boundary between two or more systems which may have
different functions but required to communicate.
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PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
Interr'pt: a brea2 in the normal flow of a system usually to allow
another function to be performed such that the normally flow can be
resumed on conclusion of the interrupt.
0'mp: an instruction which alters the normal sequence control of the
processor and conditionally or unconditionally specifies the next location.
La##er #iagram: (symbolic program) a circuit diagrams with an
imposed sequence.
Location: a storage position in memory uniquely specified by an
address.
1e,a#ecimal co#e: this code provides a short hand method of
expressing a binary number hexadecimal is a number to the base '* i.e.
:ou can count '; before you need to carry '. <ne hexadecimal digit
reprints four binary digits.
5<41,7$=<4 TA>?, :
@ecimal Aex >inary
& & &&&&
' ' &&&'
B B &&'&
C C &&''
D D &'&&
; ; &'&'
* * &''&
E E &'''
+ + '&&&
F F '&&'
'& A '&'&
'' > '&''
'B 5 ''&&
'C @ ''&'
'D , '''&
'; # ''''
'* < '&&&&
,xample : 'B bit binary number.
>inary
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PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
&&'' '&'& &'&&
'' '& F +
B B B B
E * ; D
B B B B
C B ' &
B B B B
C A D
@ecimal E*+ G '*& G D % FCB
Memor& : Any device in which in formation can be started .
8emory capacity :
$tandard @ecimal (valid address) Aexadecimal
D Hb D&F* &&&& &###
'Hb '&BD &&&& &C##
BHb B&D+ &&&& &E##
8illisecond : '& To The 6ower <f C $econds (ms)
8icroseconds : '& to the power of * seconds (ps)
4anosecond : '& to the power of F seconds (ns)
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