INTRODUCTION

Objective
Statistical RNC/RXI/RBS counters reflect the performance of a 3G cell within the
network. Specific counters are analysed to detect arious faults. !he o"#ectie of the
procedure is therefore to trace any network$related faults to the source of the pro"lem
"y analysin% the fault symptoms eident in the counter alues.
Scope
!his procedure identifies and recommends solutions for network faults identified
throu%h the analysis of RNC/RXI/RBS statistical counters.
References
&dditional references to this procedure are as follows'
&()X (i"raries'
o Radio Network Controller *RNC+ 3,-. *CX/ 0.- 1.-- RXX+
o RXI ,1. &!2 R3.- *CX/ 0.- -.1/3 RXX+
o Radio Base Station *RBS+ 31.1/31.4/33.1/33-1 *CX/ 0.- .,--/X RXX+
o 5C62& R&N *CXS -.- .4/3 RXX+
!)2S 7ser8s 2anual
9or RNC/RXI/RBS counter descriptions refer to the /erformance Statistics
document within the releant RNC/RXI/RBS &()X (i"rary.
PROCEDURE
ANALYSING COUNTERS
1. Available on an RNC, RXI and RBS basis, the FACTS tool is available to
interface to and represent the relevant counters. Counters are collected on a
uarterl! "1# $inute% basis "&no'n as a reportin( period% and are stored fro$ the
operational date of the cell thereb! allo'in( for past anal!sis.
). There are nu$erous counters available fro$ an RNC*RXI*RBS. +o'ever, this
procedure concentrates on counters reflectin( the critical perfor$ance of the
cells. These counters "and for$ulae derived there fro$% are best anal!sed
(raphicall! throu(h the use of FACTS. The for$ulae used for statistics such as
,CR and CSSR $a! be obtained 'ithin the FACTS.
-. Both the N.C and the /lannin( 0 1pti$i2ation 3n(ineer are responsible for
$onitorin( counters. The N.C has the responsibilit! of $aintainin( the active
status of all cells and therefore $ust act in accordance to all such related
3G Cell Optiis!tion
counters. The /lannin( and 1pti$i2ation 3n(ineer $onitors and acts on
counters reflectin( the cell4s active perfor$ance.
5. It is possible to confi(ure alar$s to be (enerated for counters e6ceedin( specific
values. These alar$s 'ould then be $onitored b! the N.C.
#. For the Radio /lannin( 0 1pti$isation 3n(ineer the focus is on $aintainin(
adeuate cell perfor$ance in ter$s of Accessibilit! "call setup anal!sis%,
Retainabilit! "drop call anal!sis% and Inte(rit! "speech ualit!*video ualit!*pac&et
throu(hput anal!sis%
ACCESSI"ILITY
7. If a cell has poor accessibilit! it is t!picall! due to either so$e for$ of con(estion
or a hard'are*soft'are fault or a $isconfi(uration. It is also possible that there is
so$e e6ternal source of interference "such as a $icro'ave lin& on the sa$e
freuenc!% affectin( the accessibilit!.
8. Accessibilit! should be $onitored independentl! for the different RAB t!pes "e.(.
Speech, CS 9ideo, /S Interactive R::, /S Interactive +S,/A, etc.% as in certain
situations onl! one of the RAB t!pes 'ill be affected. For e6a$ple, a disabled
+S;TXB 'ill affect the accessibilit! of the /S Interactive +S,/A RAB, but if the
RBS also has a TXB "non;+S% installed then the other RABs $a! continue to
have an acceptable accessibilit!.
<. =hen a lo' CSSR is detected on a cell the first thin( to chec& is if Ad$ission
Control is re>ectin( the RRC*RAB setup atte$pt "p$NoRe,eniedAd$% or if it is
failin( after ad$ission "p$NoFailedAfterAd$%. For hi(h p$NoRe,eniedAd$
refer to the ?Ad$ission Control@ sections belo'. For hi(h p$NoFailedAfterAd$
refer to the ?Failure After Ad$ission@ sections belo'.
E#!pleA FACTS Report sho'in( a lo' CSSR Speech caused b! a hi(h
p$NoRe,eniedAd$. Note that p$NoRe,eniedAd$ is not RAB specific so other
RABs 'ill $ost li&el! be affected in this case too.
A$ission Control% DL Po&er
:. If Ad$ission Control re>ects a RAB establish$ent due to a lac& of ,B po'er then
the counter pNo'!ile$R!bEstAtteptL!c(DlP&r is incre$ented. Chec& that
the feeder losses are confi(ured correctl! in the RBS and that the para$eter
!#i)Tr!nsissionPo&er is set correctl! "t!picall! to
$a6,l/o'erCapabilit! $inus C.)dB$%. The value of para$eter p&rA$ should
also be verified "t!picall! set to 8#D%. Also, chec& for .C/A alar$s i.e.
so$eti$es RBS -)C) sites 'ith hi(h feeder losses are confi(ured 'ith t'o
.C/As per sector and one of the .C/As fails resultin( in a lar(e reduction in the
$a6,l/o'erCapabilit! of the sector and, hence, causin( a lac& of ,B po'er.
Bon( ter$ solutions are to increase the po'er capabilit! of the sector b! addin(
or up(radin( an .C/A "RBS -)C-% or RE "RBS -)C7%, re;en(ineerin( the site to
reduce feeder len(ths, or perhaps to chan(e the RBS t!pe to one usin( RREs
"RBS -5C) or RBS -51)% if this provides hi(her po'er at the reference point. The
short ter$ solution is to reduce the traffic carried b! the site "See the ?Traffic
1ffload@ sections%.
E#!pleA FACTS Report sho'in( a hi(h no of RAB establish$ent failures due to
Ad$ission Control re>ections caused b! a lac& of ,B po'er. In this situation the site had
onl! one of the t'o .C/As in sector 1 functionin( correctl! causin( the ,B po'er
con(estion. This is sho'n in the cabinet vie'er snapshot belo' "Red B3, on .C/A%.
There 'as also an alar$ in the RBS for the fault! .C/A.
A$ission Control% DL C*!nnelis!tion Co$es
1C. If Ad$ission Control re>ects a RAB establish$ent due to a lac& of ,B
channelisation codes then the counter
p$NoFailedRab3stAtte$ptBac&,lChnlCode is incre$ented. This 'ill t!picall!
affect the /S Interactive R:: ",C+*FAC+% CSSR 'orse than the Speech CSSR
as the /S Interactive R:: RAB reuires channelisation codes at a lo'er
spreadin( factor "usin( $ore of the code tree%. In the /5 soft'are release a cell
that supports R:: and +S,/A t!picall! has # spreadin( factor 17 ,B
channelisation codes reserved for +S,/A. This $eans that appro6i$atel! -)D
of available codes are reserved for +S,/A. =hen this is the case it is co$$on
for ,B channelisation code con(estion too occur. Chec& the settin( of para$eter
$lCo$eA$ "t!picall! set to <#D on .TN4s net'or&%. The lon( ter$ solution is to
add another cell in the covera(e area to ta&e so$e of the trafficF this $a! be
achieved b! introducin( a second carrier, another sector, or another site. The
short ter$ solution is to reduce the traffic carried b! the site "See the ?Traffic
1ffload@ sections%.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( a hi(h no of RAB establish$ent failures due to
Ad$ission Control re>ections caused b! a lac& of ,B channelisation codesF and the
correspondin( decrease in CSSR for /ac&et Interactive. In this case a lar(e portion of
the speech calls 'ere alread! redirected to GS. so the R:: /ac&et Interactive RAB
'as 'orst affectedF the reuired solution is sectorisation of the inbuildin( antenna
s!ste$ or i$ple$entation of a second carrier freuenc!.
A$ission Control% UL+DL ASE
11. If Ad$ission Control re>ects a RAB establish$ent due to a lac& of EB or ,B air
speech euivalent "AS3% then the counters
pNo'!ile$R!bEstAtteptL!c(UlAse or
pNo'!ile$R!bEstAtteptL!c(DlAse are incre$ented. The AS3 $onitor
accounts for the air interface resource usa(e in a cell "separatel! for EB and ,B%
b! $eans of an avera(e static load esti$ation of each radio lin& in the cellF for
$ore infor$ation refer to the ?Capacit! .ana(e$ent@ docu$ent in the ?=C,.A
RAN@ AB3X librar!. Because a RB4s AS3 is an esti$ation it is possible that in
certain situations it is an over;esti$ation of the load in a cell e.(. for inbuildin(
cells on a different carrier freuenc! to the surroundin( $acro cells. In such
situations it is possible to increase the EB*,B AS3 ad$ission control li$it
"para$eters aseElAd$*ase,lAd$% in order to prevent unnecessar! ad$ission
control re>ections of RAB establish$ents. So, a short ter$ solution to relieve
such con(estion $a! be to increase aseElAd$*ase,lAd$, but the effect on
,CR*CSSR should be closel! $onitored "Note that the aseElAd$ default value
on .TN4s net'or& is alread! less strin(ent than the 3ricsson default%. Another
short ter$ solution is to reduce the traffic carried b! the site "See the ?Traffic
1ffload@ sections%. The lon( ter$ solution is to add another cell in the covera(e
area to ta&e so$e of the trafficF this $a! be achieved b! introducin( a second
carrier, another sector, or another site.
E#!pleA FACTS Report sho'in( RAB establish$ent failures due to Ad$ission Control
re>ections caused b! a lac& of EB AS3. In this case the EB AS3 con(estion 'as $inor
con(estion for a fe' da!s so no action 'as ta&en.
A$ission Control% Connection Liits
1). If Ad$ission Control re>ects a RAB establish$ent due to e6ceedin( the
confi(ured connection li$it for SF <, SF 17, or SF -) then the counter
pNo'!ile$R!bEstAtteptE#cee$ConnLiit is incre$ented. These
spreadin( factors are used b! the /S75*-<5, /S75*1)<, and /S75*-<5 RBs so
the connection li$it bloc&in( t!picall! applies to channel s'itchin( bet'een these
RBs for an R:: pac&et interactive RAB. The connection li$its are confi(ured b!
para$eters sf<Ad$, sf17Ad$ and sf-)Ad$. The default settin(s allo' the
$a6i$u$ possible nu$ber of RB4s for each spreadin( factor in 'hich case
Ad$ission Control 'ill not bloc& for this reason. Bo'er settin(s have been tested
"in co$bination 'ith ad>usted Class B HoS settin(s on the Iub interface% in 'hich
case so$e connection li$it re>ections 'ere obtained. But this is a special
situation and for the purpose of this docu$ent such connection li$it re>ections
are not 'orth further consideration.
A$ission Control% ,!r$&!re Us!-e .C*!nnel Eleents/
1-. It is possible for Ad$ission Control to re>ect a RAB establish$ent atte$pt due to
insufficient EB or ,B RBS hard'are capacit! i.e. too fe' channel ele$ents
available. The channel ele$ent capacit! of an RBS $a! be soft'are li$ited
"accordin( the soft'are license confi(ured for the RBS% or hard'are li$ited
"accordin( to the TXBs and RAXBs installed in the RBS%. T*e t&o p!r!eters
t*!t control t*e R"S *!r$&!re !$ission polic0 !re )l,&A$ !n$
$l,&A$1 "0 $ef!)lt t*ese p!r!eters s*o)l$ be set to 2334 in &*ic*
c!se no *!r$&!re is reserve$ for *!n$overs !n$ A$ission Control &ill not
bloc( RA" est!blis*ent !ttepts for t*is re!son "see ?Failure After
Ad$issionA +ard'are Esa(e@%. In soft'are revision P5 t*ere is no specific
co)nter to in$ic!te t*is t0pe of A$ission Control rejection6 so if
pNoRe7Denie$A$ is tri--ere$ &it*o)t !n0 of t*e ot*er relev!nt
co)nters in$ic!tin- ! re!son t*en it is li(el0 t*!t t*is is t*e c!)se !n$ t*!t
)l,&A$ or $l,&A$ is incorrectl0 confi-)re$ to ! v!l)e belo& 2334. In
the /# soft'are release there are ne' counters that indicate 'hen lac& of
hard'are capacit! causes RAB establish$ent failures in a cellA
p$NoFailedRab3stAtte$ptBac&,l+',
p$NoFailedRab3stAtte$ptBac&,l+'Best,
p$NoFailedRab3stAtte$ptBac&El+',
p$NoFailedRab3stAtte$ptBac&El+'Best.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( RAB establish$ent failures due to Ad$ission
Control 'ith no counter sho'in( the reason "this is for /5%. In this case the +=
ad$ission li$its 'ere suspected and found to be ul+'Ad$I8C and dl+'Ad$I8C
"instead of both bein( 1CC%. After correctin( these settin(s the Ad$ission Control
re>ections disappeared and, as can be seen in the second plot belo', the /ac&et CSSR
i$proved. In the third plot belo' the EB C3 Esa(e is seen to pea& around 5# C3s. This
RBS had a capacit! of 75 EB C3sF 8CD of 75 C3s is 55.< C3s. In other'ords, the EB
C3 Esa(e and the Ad$ission Control li$it correlate to each other.
'!il)re After A$ission% I)b Con-estion
15. If a ETRAN cell has a hi(h nu$ber of RRC*RAB establish$ent reuest failures
after bein( ad$itted b! Ad$ission Control "p$NoFailedAfterAd$%, then a
co$$on reason 'ould be due to Iub Con(estion. =hen considerin( the Iub
interface it is i$portant to re$e$ber that $ainl! RABs confi(ured to use strict
AAB) HoS settin(s 'ill be bloc&ed at call setup b! AAB) CAC. T!picall! the R::
RABs "i.e. all RABs e6cludin( +S,/A and 3EB RABs% are confi(ured to use
AAB) HoS class A or class B, 'ith both classes confi(ured to use a strict HoS.
+S,/A and 3EB 'ill t!picall! use AAB) HoS class C and class ,, 'ith both
classes confi(ured to use a best effort HoS. T!picall! the R:: /ac&et Interactive
RAB 'ill be the first RAB to sho' si(ns of AAB) con(estion 'ith a poor /ac&et
Interactive CSSR and correspondin( hi(h p$NoFailedAfterAd$. The AAB)
Setup Success Rate statistics fro$ the relevant RXI to'ards the RBS $a! then
be investi(ated. This should t!picall! be ::D and above, but if not and the
counter pUnS)ccO)tConnsLoc!l indicates that it is local re>ections "on the
RXI% b! CAC, then there is con(estion on the Iub interface.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( hi(h p$NoFailedAfterAd$ "1
st
plot%, lo' CSSR
/ac&et Interactive ")
nd
plot%, and lo' AAB) Call Setup Success Rate 'ith correspondin(
hi(h p$EnSucc1utConnsBocal "-
rd
plot%. Fro$ )CC7;11;)5 the proble$ disappears. In
this case the solution 'as to activate ,irected Retr! to GS. and to chan(e the AAB)
HoS class B traffic to use a best effort confi(uration thereb! allo'in( $ore /S75*1)<
and /S75*-<5 users "as 'ell as orderin( a )
nd
31 to the site%F note that this RBS did not
have +S,/A confi(ured therefore there 'as no concern about affectin( the e6perience
of +S users as described in section ?Considerations For +S,/AA Iub Band'idth@.
'!il)re After A$ission% Core Tr!nsport Net&or( Con-estion
1#. Related to the above point "?Failure After Ad$issionA Iub Con(estion@% is
transport net'or& con(estion in lin&s other than the Iub e.(. RNCJ;K.G= "Iu;
cs%, RNCJ;KSGSN "Iu;ps% and inter;.G= lin&s. If this is the case then the CSSR
of an entire RNC"s% 'ill deteriorate alon( 'ith the AAB) Setup Success Rate for
a $a>or lin& to the RNC. It 'ould then be necessar! to loo& at the lin& utilisation
in order to confir$ such lin& con(estion, but that is be!ond the scope of this
docu$ent.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( poor CSSR Speech for CTRNC1 for t'o da!s and
then an i$prove$ent for the ne6t t'o da!s "1
st
plot%F and the correspondin( AAB) Setup
Success Rate for the CT.G=1;KRB.G=1 ")
nd
plot% and RB.G=1;KCT.G=1 "-
rd

plot% lin&s for the sa$e da!s. The CT.G=1J;KRB.G=1 lin& had a hi(h utilisation
"K<CD% so the pea& cell rate "/CR% for the lin& 'as increased resultin( in the noticeable
i$prove$ent.
'!il)re !fter A$ission% ,!r$&!re Us!-e .C*!nnel Eleents/
17. A hi(h nu$ber of RRC*RAB setup failures after ad$ission
"p$NoFailedAfterAd$% could be due to insufficient EB or ,B RBS hard'are
capacit! i.e. too fe' channel ele$ents available. The channel ele$ent capacit!
of an RBS $a! be soft'are li$ited "accordin( the soft'are license confi(ured for
the RBS% or hard'are li$ited "accordin( to the TXBs and RAXBs installed in the
RBS%. The t'o para$eters that control the RBS hard'are ad$ission polic! are
ul+'Ad$ and dl+'Ad$. If these para$eters are set to a value lo'er than 1CCD
then Ad$ission Control should bloc& an! RRC*RAB setup atte$pts reuirin(
$ore than the available channel ele$ents "see ?Ad$ission ControlA +ard'are
Esa(e@%F ho'ever, b! default these para$eters should be set to 1CCD in 'hich
case no hard'are is reserved for handovers and Ad$ission Control 'ill not bloc&
RAB establish$ent atte$pts for this reason so the setup atte$pt fails after
ad$ission. The RBS counters p$SetupFailureSfXX in the Eplin&Baseband/ool
"EBS3TE/FAIBER3SSFXX% and p$SetupFailureSfXX in the
,o'nlin&Baseband/ool ",BS3TE/FAIBER3SSFXX% indicate RB "at SF XX%
setup failures due to a lac& of EB and ,B hard'are capacit!. If this is the case
then a short ter$ solution $a! be to reduce the traffic carried b! the site "See the
?Traffic 1ffload@ sections%. The lon( ter$ solution is to up(rade the EB "RAXB% or
,B "TXB% channel ele$ent capacit! of the site. This $a! be achieved b!
s'appin( the relevant board 'ith that of another site that has $ore capacit! than
it reuires, or b! sourcin( a ne' board. Note that it is possible for these counters
to incre$ent even 'hen there should be sufficient channel ele$ent capacit! "for
e6a$ple due to a soft'are bu( in the soft'are revision bein( usedF see ?Failure
After Ad$issionA 1ther@% so it is i$portant to co$pare the channel ele$ent usa(e
to the channel ele$ent capacit! of the RBS to $a&e sure that it $a&es sense for
this to be the root of the proble$.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( poor CSSR /ac&et Interactive "1
st
plot%F hi(h
p$NoFailedAfterAd$ ")
nd
plot%F and EB setup failures due to a lac& of EB baseband
hard'are capacit! "RAXB%. Note that this RBS had 75 EB channel ele$ent capacit!
until -1
st
Au(ust 'hen it 'as up(raded to 1)< EB channel ele$ents. The esti$ated EB
C3 Esa(e pea&s above 75 channel ele$ents even before the -1
st
confir$in( that RAXB
con(estion is the source of the proble$, and then after the up(rade to 1)< channel
ele$ents the EB C3 Esa(e starts pea&in( above 1CC indicatin( ho' necessar! the
up(rade 'as. The i$prove$ent to CSSR /ac&et Interactive and the decrease in
p$NoFailedAfterAd$ after the RAXB up(rade is clearl! noticeable.
'!il)re After A$ission% Ot*er
18. If none of the above reasons for a poor CSSR are apparent, then it is li&el! to be
a $ore co$plicated proble$ to resolveF often relatin( to a soft'are*hard'are
fault, or perhaps an e6ternal source of interference in the area. At the ti$e of
'ritin(, the -G technolo(! is not as $ature as the current )G s!ste$ "as 'ould
be e6pected% and hence there are still nu$erous i$prove$ents bein(
i$ple$ented in ever! soft'are release, alon( 'ith the continued develop$ent of
ne', $ore efficient and opti$ised hard'are (enerations for the various -G
nodes. The e6a$ple belo' illustrates one such proble$ of this t!pe encountered.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( poor CSSR Speech 'ith hi(h p$NoFailedAfterAd$
"1
st
plot%F and hi(h p$SetupFailuresSfXX indicatin( TXB con(estion. +o'ever, the ,B
C3 Esa(e is ver! lo', seldo$ pea&in( above 7 channel ele$ents so this doesn4t $a&e
sense. After investi(atin( nu$erous RBSs sho'in( these ?s!$pto$s@ it 'as
established that the! all had a sin(le +S;TXB as opposed to the other RBSs 'hich all
had a TXB as 'ell as an +S;TXB. Both confi(urations are valid and have $ore than
sufficient do'nlin& channel ele$ent capacit!. It 'as also noted that if the RBS is
restarted then the proble$ disappeared for a fe' da!s and then re;appearedF this is
clearl! visible in the plots 'here the restart occurred on ) Lanuar!. This turned out to be
a soft'are fault for the sin(le TXB confi(uration "due to a failure to release so$e
resources on the TXB%. The fi6 'as delivered fro$ soft'are release /5.C.)C "'hereas
the release installed on the nodes at the ti$e 'as /5.C.1)%.
RETAINA"ILITY
1<. If a cell has poor retainabilit! it is t!picall! due to either $issin( nei(hbour
definitions "=C,.A and*or GS.%, overshootin( cell"s%, a $isbehavin( nei(hbour
site, a hard'are*soft'are fault or a $isconfi(uration. It is also possible that there
is so$e e6ternal source of interference "such as a $icro'ave lin& on the sa$e
freuenc!% affectin( the retainabilit!.
1:. Retainabilit! should be $onitored independentl! for the different RAB t!pes "e.(.
Speech, CS 9ideo, /S Interactive R::, /S Interactive +S,/A, etc.% as in certain
situations onl! one of the RAB t!pes 'ill be affected. For e6a$ple, a cell $a! be
confi(ured 'ith GS. as the preferred +1 t!pe in 'hich case Speech calls 'ill
perfor$ IRAT handovers to GS. rather than perfor$in( IF+1s, but CS 9ideo
calls 'ill perfor$ IF+1s. In such a situation, $issin( inter;freuenc! nei(hbour
cell relation definitions 'ill i$pact the ,CR of CS 9ideo calls, but not Speech
calls.
)C. +o'ever, in the $a>orit! of cases the factors that affect the Speech retainabilit!
'ill also affect the retainabilit! of the other RABs. =hen a hi(h speech ,CR is
detected on a cell the first thin( to chec& is the t!pe of drops occurrin( as
indicated b! the counters pNoS0sRelSpeec*So,o6
pNoS0sRelSpeec*Nei-*br6 pNoS0sRelSpeec*UlS0nc* !n$
pNoOfTerSpeec*Con-F and then to anal!se the situation 'ith the follo'in(
in $indM
Soft ,!n$over Drops
)1. T!picall! a cell that has a hi(h nu$ber of dropped calls due to S1+1 failures
"p$NoS!sRelSpeechSo+o% 'ill also have a hi(h nu$ber of drops due to $issin(
nei(hbours "p$NoS!sRelSpeechNei(hbr% indictin( that the S1+1 failures are
due to $issin( nei(hbour relationsF ho'ever, there are situations 'here S1+1
failures happen for other reasons. T'o co$$on reasons are a nei(hbourin( cell
that is $isbehavin( "often due to fault! hard'are*soft'are% or a $isconfi(uration
resultin( in a failure to perfor$ an inter;RNC S1+1 across the Iur interface.
These t'o situations are illustrated in the follo'in( e6a$plesM
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( t'o cells in the sa$e area "1
st
plot% 'ith a hi(h
p$NoS!sRelSpeechSo+o and a $uch lo'er p$NoS!sRelSpeechNei(hbr indicatin(
that the soft handover failures are not due to $issin( nei(hbours ")
nd
0 -
rd
plot%. After
further investi(ation it 'as discovered that the cells on the nei(hbourin( site E5##5
'ere auto$aticall! loc&ed "5
th
plot% and the .ub interface to the site 'as do'n. These
cells 'ere trans$ittin( C/IC+ !et there 'ere $ultiple channels "RAC+, FAC+, etc% that
'ere disabled preventin( the site fro$ carr!in( an! traffic. +o'ever, E3s in the
nei(hbourin( cells 'ere $easurin( the C/IC+ fro$ these cells and atte$ptin( to
perfor$ S1+1 to the$. Such S1+1 atte$pts 'ere failin( leadin( to the S1+1 drops.
As is clearl! visible in the FACTS Reports, 'hen the site E5##5 ca$e bac& on air on ))
Lan the S1+1 drops on the nei(hbourin( cells disappeared alon( 'ith a hu(e reduction
in the ,CR e6perienced b! these cells.
E#!pleA Referin( to the three sites sho'n in the fi(ure belo' "1
st
plot%A E1-:- and
EC#58 are on CTRNC1 'hile E-:8C is on TBRNC1. The three FACTS Reports belo'
")
nd
, -
rd
0 5
th
plots% sho' cells fro$ these sites 'ith a hi(h p$NoS!sRelSpeechSo+o.
Note that althou(h there are so$e drops due to $issin( nei(hbours
"p$NoS!sRelSpeechNei(hbr%, but $ost of the S1+1 drops are for another reason. In
this case the soft handover counters "p$RlAddAtte$ptBestCellSpeech and
p$RlAddSuccessBestCellSpeech% indicated S1+1 success bet'een -:8CC1 and
1-:-B1*#58B1F ho'ever a G/3+ trace of event
INT3RNABNS1FTN+AN,193RN3X3CETI1N sho'ed that these handovers actuall!
failed "see snapshot of slide in #
th
plot%. It 'as established that a $isconfi(uration of an
AAB) routin( case bet'een the t'o RNCs resulted in all S1+1 atte$pts across the Iur
interface to fail. This 'as corrected on : Lan and fro$ the FACTS Reports the
i$prove$ent is obvious.
8issin- Nei-*bo)r Drops
)). A cell that has a hi(h nu$ber of dropped calls due to $issin( nei(hbour
relations 'ill have a hi(h p$NoS!sRelSpeechNei(hbr. A $issin( nei(hbour
relation 'ill onl! cause a dropped call if the RNC receives an 3vent 1a, 1c or 1d
.easure$ent Report fro$ the E3 reuestin( the addition of a SC to the AS "or
an +S cell chan(e% for a SC that is not defined as a nei(hbour relation to an! of
the cells in the AS and if the 3c*No reported for that SC is releaseConn1ffset
above the 3c*No of the best servin( cell in the ASF 'here the RNC para$eter
releaseConn1ffset is t!picall! set to 1)dB$. The reason for this s!ste$ release
is to prevent e6cessive EB interference in the net'or&. This t!pe of dropped call
is relativel! eas! to solve usin( the General /erfor$ance 3vent +andler "G/3+%
tool in 1SS;RC. =ith this tool all details on 3vent 1a, 1c or 1d .easure$ent
Reports containin( a SC not in the AS nei(hbour list $a! be captured and
anal!sed usin( the INT3RNABNS1+1N,SN.ISSINGNN3IG+B1ER event
"includin( those .easure$ent Reports that do not cause a s!ste$ release of the
call%. In this 'a! the $issin( nei(hbour or interferin( cell $a! be established and
appropriate action ta&en e.(. addition of the nei(hbour relation and*or antenna
tiltin(, etc. For $ore infor$ation on the G/3+ tool refer to the relevant
docu$entation in the AB3X RNC and 1SS;RC libraries. Because $issin(
nei(hbour drops are relativel! eas! to solve, it is reco$$ended to opti$ise the
nei(hbour relations and antenna confi(uration until the percenta(e of drops due
to $issin( nei(hbour relations is less than 1CD of the total nu$ber of drops in
each RNC.
E#!pleA FACTS Report sho'in( a hi(h ,CR Speech on cell 1-8:C1 'ith the $a>orit!
of dropped calls due to $issin( nei(hbours as sho'n b! the counter
p$NoS!sRelSpeechNei(hbr "1
st
plot%. A G/3+ trace 'ith event
INT3RNABNS1+1N,SN.ISSINGNN3IG+B1ER 'as e6ecuted on 5 Lan 'here it 'as
found that SC )5 and SC << 'ere the $a>or cause of these $issin( nei(hbour drops
")
nd
plot%. The cells in the area 'ith these scra$blin( codes 'ere found to be 1CC1 and
517B1 "-
rd
plot%. =ith the addition of these t'o nei(hbours to 1-8:C1 on 5 Lan the
i$prove$ent in the ,CR Speech fro$ around #D to around )D is clearl! visible in the
FACTS Report.
UL S0nc*ronis!tion Drops
)-. A connection is considered lost b! the Radio Connection Supervision "RCS%
function in the SRNC 'hen the last radio lin& set "RBS% for the connection has
been out;of;s!nc for a ti$e (iven b! the para$eter $c*RcLostT "or
*sDsc*RcLostT for an +S,/A connection%. =hen this occurs for a connection
containin( a speech RAB "or a $ulti;RAB containin( speech% the counter
p$NoS!sRelSpeechElS!nch is incre$ented. A cell that has a hi(h ,CR 'ith a
relativel! hi(h nu$ber of dropped calls due to loss of EB s!nchronisation $a!
have various contributin( factors. These $a! include $issin( IRAT nei(hbour
relation definitions resultin( in the connection ?han(in( on@ to the -G net'or&
until the call is dropped 'hen it 'ould be better served handin( the call over to
the )G net'or&. This $a! be especiall! true for cells on the border of the -G
covera(e area 'here the -G si(nal $a! reach areas further a'a! fro$ the site
than e6pected. B! identif!in( such areas an! $issin( )G nei(hbour relations
$a! be addedF or perhaps a $isconfi(uration discovered, such as havin( an
IRAT nei(hbour relation defined in an RNC to'ards a )G cell that is not defined
as an outer cell in the -G .SC Server "see e6a$ple belo'%. Bear in $ind that a
$a6i$u$ of 1C to 1) GS. nei(hbours is reco$$ended for each -G cell in order
to avoid nei(hbour list truncation issues. Another $eans to i$prove the situation
$a! be to lo'er the thresholds used to tri((er IRAT +1s "refer to the settin(s for
para$eters usedFreThres)d3cno, utranRelThresh-a3cno,
usedFreThresh)dRscp and utranRelThresh-aRscp%. For e6a$ple, tri((erin(
co$pressed $ode at 3c*NoI;11dB$ instead of ;1)dB$ $a! prevent drops as
calls are handed earlier to the GS. net'or& that t!picall! has better covera(e
than the -G net'or&. If the po'er of a RB is ver! lo' then that RB 'ill be $ore
sensitive to sudden interference chan(es, so a cell that has a hi(h nu$ber of EB
s!nchronisation drops $a! cover a radio environ$ent 'ith a relativel! hi(h
nu$ber of E3s e6periencin( sudden interference chan(es "(enerall! caused b!
brid(es, buildin(s, tunnels, steep hill! terrain, etc%. In order to prevent the /o'er
Control function fro$ decreasin( the po'er too $uch due to te$porar! (ood
radio conditions, a $ini$u$ ,B code po'er $a! be confi(ured usin( the
EtranCell para$eter $in/'rRl. Note that this para$eter has an effect on the ,B
po'er capacit! of the cell so should onl! be used if reall! necessar!. An e6ternal
interference source $a! also be the cause of EB s!nc dropsF refer to the section
O1ther Reasons for ,rops4 for an e6a$ple of this. It is reco$$ended to resolve
an! S1+1 and $issin( nei(hbour drop proble$s before atte$ptin( to resolve
EB s!nc drops as often the cause of such drops 'ill resolve EB s!nchronisation
drops too.
E#!pleA FACTS Report sho'in( a hi(h ,CR Speech on cell 551)A1 'ith the $a>orit!
of dropped calls due to loss of EB s!nchronisation as sho'n b! the counter
p$NoS!sRelSpeechElS!nch "1
st
plot%. It 'as discovered that the IRAT +1s to'ards the
)G net'or& stopped functionin( as sho'n in the )
nd
plot belo'. After further
investi(ation it 'as discovered that the definition of the -G e6ternal cell on the )G
BSC*.SC had so$eho' been deleted leadin( to no -G;K)G handovers. After the -G
e6ternal cell definition 'as re;created in the )G net'or& the IRAT +1s 'ere restored
and the correspondin( i$prove$ent to the ,CR is clearl! visible in the FACTS Report.
E#!pleA FACTS Report sho'in( the reduction in the nu$ber of EB s!nch drops and
the correspondin( i$prove$ent to the ,CR Speech of cell )55CA1 'hen
usedFreThresh)dRscp 'as chan(ed fro$ ;1C7dB$ to ;1C5dB$, $in/'rRl 'as
chan(ed to fro$ ;1#C ";1#dB$% to ;15C "15dB$% and t'o additional GS. nei(hbour
relations 'ere added. This cell 'as on the border of the -G covera(e area.
Rele!se $)e to Con-estion Resolve Action
)5. =hen Con(estion Control detects do'nlin& cell con(estion, besides li$itin(
ad$ission to the con(ested cell con(estion resolve actions are also initiated in
the cell. Initiall! non;(uaranteed services are tar(eted 'hich t!picall! results in
R:: pac&et interactive connections bein( channel s'itched to use the
RAC+*FAC+ co$$on channels 'ith the counter p$No1fS',o'nN(Con( bein(
incre$ented. If do'nlin& cell con(estion persists then RABs belon(in( to the
other service classes "(uaranteed and (uaranteed;hs% $a! also be release 'ith
the follo'in( counters bein( incre$ented accordin(l!A
p$No1fTer$SpeechCon(, p$No1fTer$CsCon( and p$No1fTer$+sCon(.
"Note that at the ti$e of 'ritin( not all of these counters 'ere available in
FACTS%. =hen such s!ste$ releases are detected then the solution is to solve
the con(estion proble$s as described in the Accessibilit! section of this
docu$ent. Nor$all! the con(estion should be detected and resolved throu(h
Accessibilit! $onitorin( before the ,CR is si(nificantl! affected due to
con(estion resolve actions. Refer to the OCapacit! .ana(e$ent4 docu$ent in the
=C,.A RAN AB3X librar! for $ore infor$ation on the Con(estion Control
functionalit!.
E#!pleA At the ti$e of 'ritin( onl! the follo'in( counters related to Con(estion
Resolve Actions 'ere available in FACTS. Note that in this e6a$ple onl! the counter
p$No1fS',o'nN(Ad$ has been incre$entin( but this counter actuall! sho's the
nu$ber of channel rate do'ns'itches "/S75*-<5;K/S75*1)< or /S75*1)<;K/S75*75%
tri((ered b! Ad$ission Control as opposed to the counter p$No1fS',o'nN(Con(
that sho's the nu$ber of channel t!pe do'ns'itches "/S75*XX;KRAC+*FAC+%
tri((ered b! Con(estion Control.
Ot*er Re!sons for Drops
)#. If none of the above reasons for a poor ,CR $a! be established, then it is li&el!
to be a $ore co$plicated proble$ to resolveF often relatin( to a
soft'are*hard'are fault, or perhaps an e6ternal source of interference in the
area. At the ti$e of 'ritin(, the -G technolo(! is not as $ature as the current )G
s!ste$ "as 'ould be e6pected% and hence there are still nu$erous
i$prove$ents bein( i$ple$ented in ever! soft'are release, alon( 'ith the
continued develop$ent of ne', $ore efficient and opti$ised hard'are
(enerations for the various -G nodes. The e6a$ples belo' illustrate such
proble$s 'ith t'o difficult scenarios encountered.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( all three sectors of site E171: suddenl!
e6periencin( a hi(h ,CR of around <CD. The counters (ive no indication as to the
reason for the drop i.e. the! are not S1+1, or $issin( nei(hbour or EB s!nch drops.
After restartin( the RBS, the ,CR returns to ?nor$al@ on all three sectorsF as can be
seen in the plots belo' 'here the RBS 'as restarted at around 1<ACC on ): Au(. This
t!pe of situation appeared rando$l! on sites throu(hout the net'or& and turned out to
be a soft'are fault in the soft'are release i$ple$ented on the RBSs at the ti$e.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( poor ,CR perfor$ance 'ith al$ost all drops bein(
due to loss of EB s!nchronisation "1
st
plot%. Fro$ the counters it is evident that the RRC
connection setup success rate is lo'er than it should be "p$TotNoRrcConnecRe
versus p$TotNoRrcConnecReSuccess in )
nd
plot%F ho'ever, fro$ drive tests it 'as
onl! possible to establish a call if the E3 'as less than 1CC$ fro$ the site and 'ith line
of site to the antenna. After chec&in( all confi(urations and euip$ent no cause for the
proble$ could be established. It 'as noted fro$ the drive tests that 'hen a call 'as
established the E3 TX po'er 'as constantl! at $a6i$u$ "or ver! close there too%.
Also, fro$ the RBS counter p$Avera(eRSSI "not available in FACTS at the ti$e of
'ritin(% it 'as established that the uplin& RSSI 'as constantl! (reater than ;<CdB$.
These t'o facts indicate the presence of hi(h EB interference. A spectru$ anal!ser 'as
used to establish that there 'as another si(nal in the area bein( trans$itted on the
sa$e freuenc! and, as it turned out, Transtel had a $icro'ave lin& usin( this
freuenc! that 'ent strai(ht throu(h the site "-
rd
plot%.
INTEGRITY
)7. Inte(rit! is defined as the abilit! of a user to receive the reuested service at the
desired ualit!. T!picall! the service ualit! is $easured in ter$s of the transport
bloc& error rate "BB3R% for the RAB. The BB3R $easure$ents obtainable are
fairl! li$ited but $a! be used as a bench$ar& of the service ualit! in the
net'or&. The (eneral approach to i$provin( Inte(rit! is throu(h net'or&
opti$isation as described in the Retainabilit! section of this docu$entF
i$prove$ents in Retainabilit! P/Is should lead to i$prove$ents in Inte(rit! P/Is
too.
UL "loc( Error R!te
)8. Fro$ RNC counters, it is possible to obtain the EB BB3R, after $acrodiversit!
co$binin(, per EeRc in each RNC. This effectivel! allo's the BB3R on each
RNC to be $onitored for each RB t!pe, providin( an indication of the service
ualit! for each RB t!pe. Refer to the OS!ste$ /erfor$ance Statistics4 docu$ent
in the AB3X =C,.A RAN librar! for a $appin( of EeRc nu$ber to RB.
+o'ever, at the ti$e of 'ritin( these statistics 'ere not available in FACTS.
Drive Test "!se$ Service 9)!lit0 8e!s)reents
)<. Fro$ T3.S Investi(ation 8.1 the abilit! to $easure the speech and video
strea$in( service ualit! is introduced throu(h t'o ne' P/IsA the =C,.A
Speech Hualit! Inde6 "SHI% and the 9ideo Strea$in( Hualit! Inde6 "9SHI%.
These t'o P/Is $a! be used to bench$ar& the service ualit! for speech and
video strea$in( fro$ drive test data. In addition to the above the ,B BB3R $a!
also be obtained for
R:: ; ,SDPA PS Inter!ctive T*ro)-*p)t .RNC Level/
):. The throu(hput obtained on the pac&et interactive RABs "+S,/A and R::% are
a (ood indication of the Inte(rit! offered b! these services. Counters are
available at an RNC level to obtain the /S Interactive Avera(e Throu(hput for
R:: ",C+*FAC+% and +S,/A, as 'ell as the retrans$ission rate for these t'o
services.
E#!pleA FACTS Report sho'in( the 'ee&l! throu(hput and retrans$ission rate for
+S,/A and R:: ",C+*FAC+% /S Interactive RABs on RBRNC1.
,SDPA .8AC<,S/ T*ro)-*p)t .Cell Level/
-C. The +S,/A service is $ar&eted as a broadband $obile data service 'ith
superior perfor$ance to standard -G "or R::% $obile pac&et data. 1f course this
$eans that it is i$portant to ensure that an +S,/A user actuall! e6periences
superior perfor$ance to an R:: -G user and 'hile the +S /ac&et Interactive
RAB is capable of $uch hi(her throu(hputs than the R:: /ac&et Interactive
RAB, one has to bear in $ind that +S,/A uses a shared channel "+S;,SC+%
'hereas in R:: the channel is dedicated ",C+% to the user. The total .AC;+S
cell throu(hput before re;trans$issions "+SC3BB,ATARAT3% and after re;
trans$issions "+SC3BBT+R1EG+/ET%, as 'ell as the avera(e .AC;+S
throu(hput per user before re;trans$issions "+SES3R,ATARAT3% and after re;
trans$issions "+SES3RT+R1EG+/ET% are available fro$ RBS counters and
i$ple$ented in FACTS. Note that this reflects the throu(hput over the radio
interface and (enerall! does not reflect proble$s in the transport net'or& "See
?Considerations for +S,/AA Iub Band'idth@%. As 'ould be e6pected, there are
relationships bet'een the CHI value reported b! the E3, the retrans$ission rate,
and the cell throu(hput. Bo' CHI values reflect a poor radio environ$ent and
hence a lo'er throu(hput 'ith hi(her retrans$ission rate. Bear in $ind that this
$a! be due to a sin(le user that is in a poor covera(e area, 'hereas the cell
does provide (ood throu(hputs in other areas. In such a situation so$e antenna
ad>ust$ents $a! i$prove perfor$anceF other'ise an additional site $a! be
reuired to fill the covera(e (ap. Note too that for reliable throu(hput statistics a
reasonable data volu$e is reuired.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( (ood .AC;+S Throu(hputs 'ell above 1.bps for
the cell althou(h droppin( belo' #CC&bps 'hen the data volu$e drops belo' #CCPB!te
per 1# $inute interval "1
st
plot%F (ood avera(e reported CHI values $ostl! above )C 'ith
the avera(e used CHI value noticeabl! hi(her sho'in( that the .AC;+S scheduler is
schedulin( the users in the better instantaneous radio environ$ent ")
nd
plot%F
retrans$ission ratio and NACP ratio $ostl! belo' C.1 "or 1CD% correlatin( to the (ood
radio environ$ent reflected b! the CHI values "-
rd
plot%F a noticeable split bet'een the
cell throu(hput and user throu(hput as the avera(e nu$ber of E3s 'ith data buffered in
the RBS increases "5
th
plot%.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( poor .AC;+S Throu(hputs belo' -CC&bps "1
st

plot%F correspondin( poor avera(e reported CHI values of around < 'ith the avera(e
used CHI belo' the avera(e reported CHI possibl! due to the poor ACP*NACP
detection success rate and the fact that there is onl! one user in the cell ")
nd
plot%F ver!
poor retrans$ission ratio "above C.#% and NACP ratio "above C.5% reflectin( the poor
radio environ$ent reported b! the CHI values "-
rd
plot%.
OT,ER
Consi$er!tions for ,SDPA% DL C*!nnelis!tion Co$es
-1. T!picall! 'hen +S,/A is launched in a net'or& it is confi(ured to share the
sa$e carrier as the R:: traffic. In soft'are release /5 this nor$all! $eans that
five +S;/,SC+s at spreadin( factor 17 are reserved for the +S;,SC+ channel
and an +S;SCC+ at spreadin( factor 1)< is reuired tooF i.e. -)D of the
available do'nlin& channelisation codes are reserved for +S,/A. =hen R:: and
+S,/A. =ith this confi(uration it is t!pical for do'nlin& channelisation code
con(estion to be the li$itin( factor of the cells capacit!. The /# soft'are release
introduces a feature called +S,/A ,!na$ic Code Allocation $a&in( it possible
for the +S,/A Scheduler to onl! use the channelisation codes available after
R:: usa(e. This $a! help 'ith do'nlin& channelisation code con(estion, but at
the e6pense of reduced throu(hput for +S,/A users. It is still possible to reserve
a li$ited set of codes for +S,/A. For $ore about do'nlin& channelisation code
con(estion refer to section OAd$ission ControlA ,o'nlin& Channelisation Codes4.
To solve do'nlin& channelisation code con(estion in the lon( ter$ the
introduction of a second carrier freuenc! on the site is reuired. T!picall! the
ori(inal carrier is confi(ured to carr! the R:: traffic 'ith all +S,/A traffic bein(
directed to'ards the ne'l! introduced second carrier.
Consi$er!tions for ,SDPA% I)b "!n$&i$t*
-). =ith the hi(h throu(hputs that are achievable 'ith +S,/A, the capacit! of the
Iub interface bet'een RBS and RNC beco$es an i$portant factor effectin(
+S,/A perfor$ance and custo$er perception. The throu(hput on the radio
interface $a! be $onitored as described in the Inte(rit! section O+S,/A ".AC;
+S% Throu(hput4, ho'ever even if the radio interface provides (ood throu(hputs
the application la!er $a! still e6perience sub;standard throu(hputs if the Iub
interface is con(ested. T!picall! the R:: traffic is confi(ured to use AAB) HoS
class A and B, 'hereas the +S,/A traffic uses AAB) HoS class CF i.e. across the
Iub interface the R:: traffic has priorit! over the +S,/A traffic. As the R:: traffic
on the site increases, so the Iub band'idth available for +S,/A decreases. The
counter p$CapAlloclub+sBi$itin(Ratio "in 1*1C
th
percent% provides an indication
of the percenta(e of ti$e for 'hich the Iub interface li$its the +S,/A throu(hput.
=hen hi(h p$CapAlloclub+sBi$itin(Ratio is e6perienced in con>unction 'ith lost
+S,/A data fra$es "+S,ATAFRA.3SB1STRATI1 for$ula% then the Iub
capacit! is causin( serious perfor$ance de(radation. To alleviate the proble$
so$e traffic $a! be offloaded to GS. "see O1ffloadin( Traffic4 sections%, but
ulti$atel! additional Iub band'idth is reuired unless an additional site, perhaps
an inbuildin( site at a shoppin( centre, $a! be co$$issioned to carr! part of the
load.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( the i$prove$ent to p$CapAlloclub+sBi$itin(Ratio
and the disappearance of lost +S data fra$es 'hen the Iub interface 'as up(raded
fro$ one 31 to t'o 31s. In the second fi(ure, notice that there is no obvious
i$prove$ent to the +S,/A Throu(hput as these counters $easure the throu(hput
across the radio interface "at the .AC;+S la!er% 'hereas the Iub 'as con(ested.
Consi$er!tions for ,SDPA% T*ro)-*p)ts Above 31=8bps .C!t ><23 UEs/
--. To support +S,/A throu(hputs above -.7.bps "'hich is possible fro$ the /#
soft'are release throu(h support of $ore that five +S,/A codes per cell% it is
li&el! that $an! cells 'ill reuired the introduction of a second carrier freuenc!
in order to prevent do'nlin& channelisation code con(estion. Also, the Iub
band'idth 'ill need to be up(raded to $a&e such throu(hputs possible and the
e6istin( ,B channel ele$ent capacit! "TXB*+S;TXB co$binations% 'ill need to
be revie'ed in order to cater for $ore than five +S,/A codes per cell.
Consi$er!tions for ,SDPA% C*!nnel Eleent Us!-e
-5. Another consideration 'ith the introduction of +S,/A is the channel ele$ent
capacit! reuired in the RBS to support the +S do'nlin& channels and the A;
,C+ in the uplin&. Because +S,/A is broadband in the do'nlin& onl! the
tendenc! is to provide sufficient channel ele$ent capacit! in the do'nlin& 'ithout
properl! considerin( the uplin& channel ele$ent reuire$ents for the A;,C+.
This is especiall! evident 'hen the optional EB-<5 RAB "SF 5% is used as this
RAB reuires 17 channel ele$entsF as opposed to the standard EB75 RAB "SF
17% that reuires 5 channel ele$ents. The nu$ber of SF 5 radio lin&s allo'ed in
a cell $a! be li$ited to reduce the channel ele$ent usa(e of this RAB, ho'ever
too lo' values lead to poor pac&et interactive S1+1 perfor$anceA an EB-<5
user 'ho is in a S1+1 area, 'ith one cell that alread! has it4s $a6i$u$
allocation of SF 5 radio lin&s, 'ill continuousl! send 3vent 1a $essa(es
reuestin( the addition of this cell to the active set, but this 'ill continuousl! fail
resultin( in poor S1+1 statistics.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( ho' the SF 5 EB setup failures
"EBS3TE/FAIBER3SSF5% increased rapidl! after the introduction of +S,/A, and then
disappeared 'hen the EB -<5 RAB "SF 5% 'as deactivated throu(hout $ost of the
net'or& "b! chan(in( para$eter sf5Ad$El fro$ ) to C%. The i$prove$ent 'as a
co$bination of the S1+1 proble$ described above and the fact that $an! RBSs did
not have sufficient channel ele$ent capacit!. In the second plot notice ho' the /ac&et
S1+1 Success Rate 'as declinin( and then i$proved after the deactivation of the
EB-<5 RAB in )CC7 =ee& -8.
Offlo!$in- Tr!ffic% Directe$ Retr0 to GS8
-#. =hen a ETRAN cell is con(estin(, for 'hatever reason, one possibilit! to
provide te$porar! "and often onl! partial% relief is to enable ,irected Retr! to
GS. on that cell. In the /5 soft'are release this is the best optionF ho'ever for
the /# soft'are release refer to the section ?1ffloadin( TrafficA Service Based
+andover@ belo'. 1nl! speech calls $a! be re;directed to the GS. net'or& and
onl! one directed retr! tar(et GS. cell $a! be specified "t!picall! the co;sited
cell%. It is a blind redirection so it is i$portant that the tar(et GS. cell has the
sa$e "or better% covera(e area as the ETRAN cell. It is also ver! i$portant to
ensure that the GS. cell has the capacit! to handle the additional speech traffic.
The redirection is tri((ered b! a trans$itted ,B po'er threshold 'hich is not
ideal for situations 'here ,B po'er is not the cause of con(estionF ho'ever a
suitable ,B po'er threshold $a! be established for other for$s of cell
con(estion.
E#!pleA T'o slides sho'in( an e6a$ple calculation to esti$ate the po'er threshold
to use i.e. the settin( for para$eter loadSharin(Gs$Threshold.
E#!pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( ho' the nu$ber of directed retries to GS.
increased as the threshold specified b! loadSharin(Gs$Threshold 'as chan(ed to
1#D, 15D, 1-D and finall! &ept on 1)D "1
st
plot%F the correspondin( i$prove$ent to
CSSR Speech and the decline in p$NoRe,eniedAd$ "Ad$ission Control 'as
re>ectin( due to a lac& of ,B channelisation codes% ")
nd
plot%F the correspondin(
i$prove$ent to CSSR +S "-
rd
/lot%.
Offlo!$in- Tr!ffic% Service "!se$ ,!n$over .P?@/
-7. =ith the introduction of the /# soft'are release co$es an optional feature called
Service Based +andover. Si$ilar to the ,irected Retr! to GS. feature, Service
Based +andover allo's Speech calls to be redirected to GS., but unli&e
,irected Retr! it is not a blind handover at Call Setup 'ith onl! one GS. tar(et
cell per ETRAN cell. Instead, the speech call is established in the -G cell and the
RNC then instructs the E3 to enter co$pressed $ode and to start $easurin( the
GS. nei(hbours defined. An IRAT +1 to the best GS. cell candidate that fulfils
the GS. threshold criteria "(s$Thresh-a% is then perfor$ed "unless a ti$er
ti$es out%. This feature can also be activated per subscriber via a service
indicator.
DE'INITIONS
&$6C: &ssociated 6C:
&&(1 &!2 &daptation (ayer type 1
&S) &ir Speech );uialent
&!2 &synchronous !ransfer 2ode
B()R Block )rror Rate
C&C Call &dmission Control
C) Channel )lement
CN Core Network
CSSR Call Setup Success Rate
6C: 6edicated Channel *!ransport Channel+
6CR 6rop Call Rate
6/C: 6edicated /hysical Channel */hysical Channel+
6( 6ownlink
G/): General /erformance )ent :andler
:S$6SC: :i%h$Speed 6ownlink Shared Channel *!ransport Channel+
:S$/6SC: :i%h$Speed /hysical 6ownlink Shared Channel */hysical Channel+
:S$SCC: :i%h$Speed Shared Control Channel */hysical Channel+
:S6/& :i%h$Speed 6ownlink /acket &ccess
I9:< Inter$9re;uency :andoer
IR&! Inter$Radio &ccess !echnolo%y
Iu Interface "etween an RNC and a CN
Iu" Interface "etween an RNC and an RBS
Iur Interface "etween two RNCs
2C/& 2ulti$Channel /ower &mplifier *"oard in RBS 31.1+
2G5 2edia Gateway
2u" 2ana%ement *<=2+ Interface towards RBS from <SS$RC
>oS >uality of Serice
R&B Radio &ccess Bearer
R&N&G Radio &ccess Network &%%re%ator
R&XB Random &ccess and Receier Board
RBS Radio Base Station
R( Radio (ink
R(S Radio (ink Set
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRC Radio Resource Control
R7 Radio 7nit *"oard in RBS 31.4+
RXI /roduct instance of R&N&G
SC Scram"lin% Code
S9 Spreadin% 9actor
S<:< Soft*er+ :andoer
SRNC Serin%$RNC
!XB !ransmitter Board
7eRc 7) Radio Connection Confi%uration
7( 7plink