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SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGIES

Instructor : Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Session Outline
• Semantic Matching – An Example
• Semantic Web Applications and Impact
• Semantic Web and Beyond
• Challenges facing Semantic Web Research
Community

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


SEMANTIC MATCHING
An Example
Semantic Web Technologies

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


SEMANTIC WEB IMPACT &
APPLICATIONS
Knowledge Management
Electronic Commerce
Semantic Web Technologies
Applications: Knowledge Management and Electronic
Commerce

Knowledge Management

Semantic Web

Web Commerce Electronic Business


(B2C) (B2B)

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

The Semantic Web Impact


p – Knowledge
g Management
g
▫ Knowledge management concerns itself with
acquiring, accessing, and maintaining
knowledge within an organization

▫ Key activity of large businesses: internal


knowledge as an intellectual asset

▫ It is
i particularly
ti l l iimportant
t t ffor iinternational,
t ti l
geographically dispersed organizations

▫ Most information is currently available in a


weakly structured form (e.g. text, audio,
video))

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Limitations of Current Knowledge Management


T h l i
Technologies
• Searching information
▫ Keyword
Keyword-based
based search engines

• Extracting information
▫ Human involvement necessary for browsing,
retrieving, interpreting, combining

• Maintaining information
▫ Inconsistencies in terminology, outdated
information

• Viewing information
▫ Impossible to define views on Web knowledge

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Semantic Web Enabled Knowledge


g Management
g
▫ Knowledge will be organized in conceptual
spaces according to its meaning

▫ Automated tools for maintenance and


k
knowledge
l dg discovery
di

▫ Semantic q
query
y answering
g

▫ Query answering over several documents

▫ Defining who may view certain parts of


information ((even p
parts of documents)) will be
possible.
FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider
Semantic Web Technologies
The Semantic Web Impact –
B2C Electronic Commmerce

▫ A typical scenario: user visits one or


several online shops, browses their
offers,, selects and orders p
products

▫ Ideally
y humans would visit all,, or all
major online stores; but too time
consuming

▫ Shopbots are a useful tool

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Limitations of Shopbots
▫ They rely on wrappers: extensive programming
required

▫ Wrappers need to be reprogrammed when an


online
li store
t changes
h g it its outfit
tfit

▫ Wrappers
pp extract information based on textual
analysis
x Error-prone
x Limited information extracted

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies
Semantic Web Enabled B2C
Electronic Commerce
• Software agents that can interpret the
product information and the terms of service.
service
▫ Pricing and product information, delivery and
privacy
p y policies
p will be interpreted
p and compared
p
to the user requirements

• Information
I f ti about
b t th
the reputation
t ti off shops
h

• Sophisticated shopping agents will be able to


conduct automated negotiations

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Electronic Business ((B2B):


): The Near Future
• Ontology-based solutions for B2B have the
following advantages:
▫ Understandability
▫ Integration in other document exchanges
▫ Maintenance is cheap
▫ Tool support
• Two processes:
▫ Development of standard ontologies for
product data exchange (shopping portals)
▫ Customer-specific ontologies and translation
service.
service

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Semantic Web Enabled - B2B Electronic Commerce

▫ Businesses enter partnerships without much


overhead
h d

▫ Differences in terminology will be resolved


using standard abstract domain models

▫D
Data
t will
ill b
be iinterchanged
t h d using
i ttranslation
l ti
services

▫ Auctioning, negotiations, and drafting contracts


will be carried out automatically (or semi-
automatically) by software agents

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies
The Semantic Web Impact –
B2B Electronic Commerce
• Greatest economic promise
• Currently relies mostly on EDI (Enterprise
Data Integration)
▫ Isolated technology,
technology understood only by experts
▫ Difficult to program and maintain, error-prone
▫ Each B2B communication requires separate
programming
• Web appears to be perfect infrastructure
▫ But B2B not well supported by Web standards

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


SEMANTIC WEB AND BEYOND…
What Future Semantic Web
Applications Might Look Like!
Semantic Web Technologies
Semantic Web Application Example:
Financial Advisor Research Dashboard
Automatic
Collation of
semantically Research
related digital Inferred
media Automatically
information from
Multiple Sources

Semantically
Related
News Not Semantic Search/
Specificall
Specifically Personalization, etc.
Asked For

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Semantic Web And Beyond…

Knowledge Discovery

Semantic Web

Information Integration

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Relationships

Information Simple
Integration + Relationships = Semantic Web

Complex
C l
Semantic Web + Relationships = Knowledge Discovery

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Knowledge Discovery - Example

Earthquake Sources Nuclear Test Sources


(USGS, NEIC) (Oklahoma Observatory, etc.)
Nuclear Test May Cause Earthquakes

Is it really true?

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Complex Relationships
▫ A nuclear test could have caused an
earthquake
▫ if the earthquake occurred some time after the
nuclear test was conducted and in a nearby
y
region.

NuclearTest Causes Earthquake


<= dateDifference( NuclearTest.eventDate,
Earthquake.eventDate ) < 30
AND distance( NuclearTest
NuclearTest.latitude,
latitude
NuclearTest.longitude,
Earthquake,latitude,
Earthquake.longitude ) < 10000

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Knowledge Discovery - Example


When was the first recorded nuclear test conducted?

1950
Find the total number of earthquakes with a magnitude
5 8 or higher on the Richter scale per year starting from 1900
5.8

Increase in number of
earthquakes since 1945

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Knowledge Discovery - Example…

For each group of earthquakes with magnitudes in the ranges


5.8-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, and >9 on the Richter scale per year
starting from 1900, find average number of earthquakes

Number of earthquakes with


magnitude > 7 almost constant
So nuclear tests probably only
cause earthquakes with
magnitude < 7

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Knowledge Discovery - Example…


Find pairs of nuclear tests and earthquakes such that the
earthquake occurred within 30 days after the test was conducted
and in a radius of 10000 miles from the epicenter of the earthquake

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies
Simulations:
Clarke Urban Gro
Growth
th Model (UGM)

Source: http://edcdgs9.cr.usgs.gov/urban/factsht.pdf

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


SIX CHALLENGES FOR THE SEMANTIC WEB
Richard Benjamins, Jesus Contreras,
Oscar Corcho, Asuncion Gomez-Perez

April 2002
Semantic Web Technologies

Challenge 1: Availability of Content


• Currently, there is little Semantic Web
content available
available. There is a need need to
create a set of annotation services
(middleware) concerning static and dynamic
web documents, which may include
multimedia, and web services.

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Challenge
g 2: Ontology
gy Availability,
y, Development
p and Evolution

• Constructing of kernel ontologies to be used


by all the domains.
domains

• Managing evolution of ontologies and their


relation to already annotated data.

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Challenge
g 3: Scalability
y of Semantic Web Content

• Once we have the Semantic Web content, we


need to worry about how to manage it in a
scalable manner, that is, how to organize it,
where to store it and how to find the right
content.

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Challenge 4: Multilinguality
• Multilinguality plays an increasing role at the
level of ontologies,
ontologies of annotations and of user
interface.

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Challenge 5: Visualization
• With the increasing amount of information
overload intuitive visualization of content
overload,
will become more and more important.

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider


Semantic Web Technologies

Challenge
g 6: Semantic Web Language
g g Standardization

• WWW consortium is producing


recommendations on the languages and
technology that will be used in Semantic Web
area.

• In order to advance the state of the art in the


Semantic Web, it is important that such
standards appear fast and will be adopted by
the community.

FAST-NU, Islamabad Spring 2009 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Amna Basharat Haider

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