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Lecture 1

Chemical Reaction
Engineering 1



Slamet
Praswasti PDK Wulan

Departemen Teknik Kimia
Universitas Indonesia


Course Syllabus
Course Objective: Silabus TRK 1 dan 2.docx
Text book: H. Scott Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice-Hall, 4th
Edition, 2006. (main resource) (HSF)
www.engin.umich.edu/~cre/344/

Grading System: SAP TRK Reguler_Paralel 2013-14.doc


What is CRE?
Chemical reaction engineering (CRE) is at the heart of
virtually every chemical process. It separates the
chemical engineer from other engineers.


CRE is the field that studies the rates and
mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of
the reactors in which they take place.

What is Chemical Reaction
A Chemical reaction is a process that results in the conversion
of chemical substances. The substance or substances initially
involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These
reactants are characterized by a chemical change and they
yield one or more products. These products are generally
different from the original reactants. Chemical reactions may
be of different nature depending on the type of reactants,
type of product desired, conditions and time of the reaction,
for example, synthesis, decomposition, displacement,
percipitation, isomerization, acid-base, redox or organic
reactions. These reactions are being given in Table 1, stating
their area of utility, advantages, limitations and examples.
Chemical reactors are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions
2
. It is the site of conversion of raw
materials into products and is also called the heart of a chemical process. The design of a chemical
reactor where bulk drugs would be synthesized on a commercial scale would depend on multiple
aspects of chemical engineering. Since it is a very vital step in the overall design of a process,
designers ensure that the reaction proceeds with the highest efficiency towards the desired output,
producing the highest yield of product in the most cost effective way.
Reactors are designed based on features like mode of operation or types of phases present or the
geometry of reactors. They are thus called:
Batch or Continuous depending on the mode of operation.
Homogeneous or Heterogeneous depending upon the phases present.

They may also be classified as :
Stirred Tank Reactor, or
Tubular Reactor, or
Packed Bed Reactor, or
Fluidized Bed Reactor,

depending upon the flow pattern and manner in which the phases make contact with each other. A
detailed comparison of various chemical reactors is tabulated in Table-2.


Pillars of CRE



Mole Balance
Rate Laws
Stoichiometry
Energy Balance
Diffusion +
transport
Contacting
Design of chemical engineering
reactor, PFR, CSTR, Batch,
Semibatch, Packed.
Analysis rate data, Laboratory
reactors, Modeling real
reactor, RTD, dispersion,
segregation.
Non-isothermal operation,
multiple steady state.
Mass transfer operation
Multiple reaction
Application:
Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted when
it has lost its chemical identity.

The identity of a chemical species is determined
by the kind, number, and configuration of that
species atoms.
Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.
1. Decomposition
Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.

1. Decomposition
2. Combination
Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.

1. Decomposition
2. Combination
3. Isomerization
Reaction Rate
The reaction rate is the rate at which a species
looses its chemical identity per unit volume.

Reaction Rate
The reaction rate is the rate at which a
species looses its chemical identity per unit
volume.
The rate of a reaction (mol/dm
3
/s) can be
expressed as either

the rate of Disappearance: -r
A

or as
the rate of Formation (Generation): r
A


Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization A B
r
A
= the rate of formation of species A per unit
volume
-r
A
= the rate of a disappearance of species A per
unit volume
r
B
= the rate of formation of species B per unit
volume
Reaction Rate
EXAMPLE: AB

If species B is being formed at a rate of
0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,

r
B
= 0.2 mole/dm
3
/s




Reaction Rate
EXAMPLE: AB

r
B
= 0.2 mole/dm
3
/s

Then A is disappearing at the same rate:

-r
A
= 0.2 mole/dm
3
/s




Reaction Rate
EXAMPLE: AB
r
B
= 0.2 mole/dm
3
/s

Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-r
A
= 0.2 mole/dm
3
/s

The rate of formation (generation of A) is
r
A
= -0.2 mole/dm
3
/s

Reaction Rate
For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -r
A
',
which is the rate of disappearance of
species A on a per mass of catalyst basis.
(mol/gcat/s)

NOTE: dC
A
/dt is not the rate of reaction
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
r
j
is the rate of formation of species j per unit
volume [e.g. mol/dm
3
/s]


Reaction Rate
r
j
is the rate of formation of species j per unit
volume [e.g. mol/dm
3
*s]

r
j
is a function of concentration, temperature,
pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)

Reaction Rate
r
j
is the rate of formation of species j per unit
volume [e.g. mol/dm
3
/s]
r
j
is a function of concentration, temperature,
pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)

r
j
is independent of the type of reaction system
(batch reactor, plug flow reactor, etc.)

Reaction Rate
r
j
is the rate of formation of species j per
unit volume [e.g. mol/dm
3
/s]
r
j
is a function of concentration,
temperature, pressure, and the type of
catalyst (if any)
r
j
is independent of the type of reaction
system (batch, plug flow, etc.)

r
j
is an algebraic equation, not a
differential equation


General Mole Balance
General Mole Balance
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
CSTR Mole Balance
Plug Flow Reactor
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
The integral form is:

V
dF
A
r
A
F
A0
F
A

This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from F
A0
to the
exit molar flow rate of F
A
.
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:

W
dF
A

r
A
F
A0
F
A


F
A0
F
A


r
A
dW
dN
A
dt

Reactor Mole Balance Summary


Rate Laws
dt
dN
V
r
i
i
1

dt
dN
W
r
i
i
1

dt
dN
S
r
i
i
1

r
A
= dC
A
/dt, constant-volume batch reactor

Rate of reaction i = (change in mol/mass of i)/ (time-volume reaction)
Vant Hoff (in Etudes de Dynamique Chemie, 1884)
r
i
= f (C
i
, C
j
, P, T)
Order & Rate Constant
k = Ae
-E/RT
, dimana
E = energi aktifasi (kal/mol)
R = konstante gas (kal/mol K)
T = temperatur (K)
A = faktor frekuensi
Thought Problem Solving Fogler.PDF
Contoh soal Homogeneous Fogler.PDF
Thought Problem Solving-Fogler.PDF
HW1
Fogler Edisi 4 kerjakan secara kelompok dan
dikumpulkan tanggal 9 Sept 2013.
P1-1A
P1-8A
P1-15B

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