Name: Abdi Fatah Farah

Course: Nanotechnology
Assignment: Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
Date: 8/1/2014
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
Introduction
Before I jump to pharmaceutical nanotechnology let me introduce the importance
of nanotechnology in our life and in our daily consumption. Nanotechnology get to his
existence through this modernized techno world. In the coming decade nanotechnology
will have an enormous impact, Future advances could change our approaches to
manufacturing, electronics, IT and communications technology making previous
technology redundant and leading to applications which could not have been developed
or even thought about, without this new approach. Some of the advantages of
nanotechnology are as following.
1. Increased surface.
2. Enhanced solubility.
3. Increased rate of dissolution.
4. Increased rate of bio diversity.
5. More rapid onset of therapeutic action.
6. Decreased patent to patent variability.
Nanotechnology in Vaccine Development
As human we have long history of infection disease which takes many of human
life. According to the world health organization stated that 10 top causes of death 5 of
them are caused by infection. Infection is deadly one if you dont have the cure and the
technology to make those cures. But beyond this infection can easily be cured and
prevented but the only reason that this disease is takin this much life is because lack of
technology to produce those vaccines or cures. Most of the nations that face this deadly
infection are those who are under poverty line or the third world.
Novel approaches to make vaccines more versatile and more effective are urgently
needed. The ideal vaccine would be easy to manufacture, inexpensive, readily
transported and stable in abroad range of ambient temperatures and levels of humidity
Some times people use traditional vaccines to cure this infections but they have some
disadvantages. One of the most deadly silent infections is virus,
Vaccines are cost effective but the mortality that is shown as a result of the
inappropriate administration of vaccines the skin has both active and passive barrier
defenses that retard the entry of pathogens. To be successful, nanomaterials must
bypass these defenses. A variety of studies have demonstrated that nanomaterials can
penetrate the skin. As we mention nanomaterials must pass the skin so it can provide
the help that the body needs.
The result that the authors of the article found when they examined the
effectiveness of the nanomaterials if they can penetrate the skin or not, The result of the
study shows that nanomaterials can penetrate tape-stripped skin. The penetrating the
nanomaterials in to the body of human being was very interesting and cool thing .
The examiners used several methods to demonstrate the penetration of the
nanomaterials , they managed to put Fluorescent 40- and 200-nm particles called
fluorospheres emit a yellowgreen fluorescence at 515 nm. In vivo confocal laser
scanning microscopy demonstrated the accumulation of these particles in round
aggregates at a depth of 80 m, corresponding to the location of hair follicles. The initial
distribution was compact and bright after 5 hours, but gradually diffused over 24 hours
suggesting skin uptake. Nearly one-third contained fluorospheres after the epidermal
cells were harvested 3 hours after application and sorted for antigen-presenting cells
(CD11c+, CD207+).
I did not put word by word about the process of the result that the examiners
examined, but rather I put it in summary way. But the authors finally determined that
determined whether a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus could penetrate skin and
elicit immune responses. This virus is approximately 290 nm in diameter. They been
able to particle is situ and using confocal fluorescent microscopy and anti-MVA
antibodies and they demonstrated the same intense of MVA.
Pharmaceutical nanotechnology embraces applications of nanosceince to
pharmacy as nanomaterials, as device like drug delivery diagnostic Application
nanotechnology to pharmacy that provides intelligent and smart drug delivery system is
expected to emerge as most important and powerful tool as alternate to conventional
dosage form. There is a lot of nanotube particle application that is used in the
pharmaceutical nanotechnology.
Pharmaceutical nanotechnology is huge department; with the help of this we can
solved a lot of problems that we encounter in our life. The speed that the technology is
moving is very high, and there is a lot of climate issues that our universe is facing which
is because of the development of industries and the burning of fossils. But the problem
is that the speed that pharmaceutical nanotechnology is and the speed that the other
technology and the climate change are very different and need attention.
The climate change and all the chemical waste create new disease every day;
we are facing a lot of health issues which we will not get their cures if we did not
improve our pharmaceutical nanotechnology researches.
Cancer treatment
Cancer is becoming a killing app that took many of our beloved life and keeps
taking more as long we treat the way we used to treat it. But recent phenomenon shows
that the fights against cancer get a new face; with the existence of this new technology
called nanotechnology. This changed the face of the fight against the cancer .Fighting
cancer with the help of pharmaceutical nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology shifts millions of molecules in a drop of patients blood to detect
a telltale protein signature of cancer subtype. Or envision a drug ferry that doesnt
release it is toxic contents until it slips inside the cancer cells, or molecule or small panel
of protein that can reveal within days whether the cancer treatment is effective or not.
All this innovation and many more that will show up soon is because of the
emerge of nanotechnology, without the nanotechnology all this improvement shouldnt
have been made to existence; they all come to existence with the help of all the
research that has been through this years and the determination that has been made by
money scientist that dedicated their life for the people that are suffering the deadly
cancer.
Nanotechnology with the help of the engineers and the scientist to manipulate
matter at the molecular scale to create particles , molecules and devices with the novel
chemical , physical, and biological properties, to explore how nanotechnology can play
game with the cancer .Nanotechnology lets you do more with less time and cost; in this
field you will infest les what has been investing in other field with the do the same work,
you will get more profit in this process and save a lot of life that their life is in danger
Over the last decade more than 1400 proteins have been proposed as potential
cancer diagnostic to the FDA, but the FDA approved 14 since 2001. That is because
this tests measures small amount of the abundant amount of change going on a tumor;
they dont provide enough information about the pathway so they dont hold up as
diagnostic marks in the clinical test. Most of the pharmaceutical nanotechnology
experiments that have been made by the scientist and biologists are keep bringing
complex cancer signatures rather than just a single marker.


Disadvantages
We see the advantage that the nanotechnology has in the health sector but
there is huge problem that goes with the advantage. Some of the problem that this
nanotechnology has is health hazards. Nanotechnology is at worst a threat on the scale
of asbestos or DDT. While most scientists and industry owners says that
nanotechnology doesnt have that much hazards but rather nanotechnology is the only
technology that will help and improve our health sector that facing many hurdles ,but
many rise the dis advantage that nanotechnology has on the health and environments .
Still the nanotech maturation has not been without some controversy, the wide-
eyed promise has been over shadowed in recent years with some questions about the
threat that the nanotechnology has on our health and environmental situations. The
uncertainty about the nanotechnology holds the production pharmaceutical
nanotechnology.
Hurdles
There's no shortage of ideas about how to use nanotechnology, but one of the
major hurdles is how to manufacture some of the new products on a large scale. But
with the help of some institutes they get over that.
But one of the main hurdles that this project faces is coming from the
government. The parliament has issued an amendment; in that amendment they stated
the problem that goes with the existence of this pharmaceutical nanotechnology in our
life and our environment. The FDA has raise concerns over the products that
nanoparticles are part of it. They have a lot of worries about the negative that
nanoparticles will have in life and in our environment.
The development of a vaccine designed to work exclusively in an immune com-
promised host is a new and challenging paradigm in vaccinology, paralleling the
challenges for the development of vaccines . This to be used in patients infected with
HIV. However, what is perhaps a greater hurdle facing the development of an IA
vaccine is the fact that the patient groups at risk for IA and the underlying defects in
immunity that predispose them to have become increasingly heterogeneous .
There are a lot of hurdles that this program is facing that I cant put them all in this
essay, but my point from addressing the hurdles that this program is facing is that if we
did not change the way that we treating this pharmaceutical nanotechnology .
This is huge innovation that we need to improve rather than putting hurdles
against it; this project will change the life of many people that face a lot of health issue.
What we can do is invest a lot of money in to this pharmaceutical nanotechnology
program and at the same try to solve the health and environmental issues that this
project has on us.
Give some time to this huge innovation that human kind invented; the advantage
that we get from this is much greater than the health and environmental risk that we
face or going to face in the future. We can come over the impact that it has on our
health and environment if we give some time on it is progress.
There is also some scientific hurdles that this project need to over come . there is
some huge experiments that scientists are conducting , I hope they will come over those
scientific hurdles and will start giving service to the people.
















Work cite
Nasir, Adnan, nanotechnology, J ournal of Investigative Dermatology. May2009,
Vol. 129 Issue 5, library database, Web, 7/29/2014.
Sheppard, Donald C. Edwards, J ohn E, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Library data
base, web, 7/28/2014.
Woyke, Andreas , J ournal for General Philosophy of Science ,library data base ,
web , 7/29/2014
Nanotechnology : small science huge hurdles , www.DCbar .com , web , 7/28/2014