n Materials used

n Equipment
n Production process
n Finances
n Possible Business Models

SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION
OF CHARCOAL BRIQUETTES
A Waste-to-Energy Concept

Principle
n Simple technology to convert any dry biomass waste into
charcoal briquettes (desired shape and size)
n ombined environmental sanitation! resource
n recovery and energy demand
n Employment"labor in various stages o# production
process and trade in #inal product
n $n urban business concept utilizing readily and locally
available resources and employment opportunities


Long-term objective
n %id urban settlements o# a large bul& o# the solid waste it
produces at various sources' biomass wastes
n Provide an alternative and locally available source o#
energy' charcoal
n Set up a commercial production line o# charcoal
briquettes in order to meet mar&et demand #or #uel in
urban settlements' reduce need for conventional charcoal
(cut down on deforestation and long transport routes)
n Stimulate"provide employment'
collectors, producers, traders and others


Current Situation
n (arge quantities o# biomass waste are strewn on
beaches! roadsides! open spaces and unused
plots (sources: gardens, ocean, roadside
vegetation, groceries)
n Beaches and roadsides strewn with litter
(unsightly, unhygienic, hazardous)
n )astes buried on the beach
(temporary removal)
n *ncineration is used to get rid o# this continuously
produced waste+ typically incinerated with other
wastes (hazardours air pollution)


Development to-date
n ARTIT! "td# provides &nowledge on the
technology! purchases char,powder
and charcoal #rom producers
n $%$A "td# acquired in#rastructure to test
technology on private premises at -awe Beach
n urrently only . people collect material #rom
-awe Beach and a #ew houses to produce
charcoal briquettes on a micro,scale
n /he idea has potential to grow inde#inately!
depending on investment and management
capacity0
n Potential to introduce to and wor& through Municipal
Solid )aste Management 1epartments


The Equipment
/he -iln comprises four inner
drums and an outer barrel with
lid and chimney 2 this produces
charred material
For compression o# char,powder
into briquettes! a meat grinder
with adapted front is used
(compressor can vary)


1ry material is collected
and filled in inner
containers o# &iln
1rums are closed
and pac&ed into the
outer drum(&iln)

The Production Process

The Production Process (cont'd)

-iln is compacted with dry
material and covered with lid
and the chimney is placed
-iln is lit and left to burn
until all signs o# smo&e
and heat disappear


$#ter cooling! drums are
removed #rom &iln and
paralyzed matter inside
drums are powdered
har powder is mi3ed with
binder (any starch porridge'
paper pulp()

The Production Process (cont'd)

)oist charpowder
is compressed###
* into bri+uettes using an
e,truder, and le#t to dry in the
sun #or minimum 4 days

The Production Process (cont'd)

Green Charcoal

1ried briquettes are
pac&ed! ready #or sale
or use at home0
A waste to energy product: 100% recycling


Business model
Independent -rocesses

!aste collection
Charpo"der production
Charcoal production
Charcoal sale
$$
$$
$$
$$$$

Business model #
.ombined -rocesses
!aste collection
Charpo"der production
Charcoal production
Charcoal sale
$$
$$
$$
$$$$


Business model #
-rocess
!aste collection
Charpo"der production
Charcoal production
Charcoal sale
$$
$$
$$
$$$$
production
o$ pac%aging
material
sorting
"aste
transport
production
o$ equipment


Possible business model
/inancial
Types of funding:

Public-Private Partnerships

Social Responsibility budgets

Private Investments

Micro-finance loans
Sources of funding:

Telecommunication

Wood works

Municipalities

Private investors
TS&
-iln (with drums) 567!777077
E3truder 857!777077
/raining (87 pa3) 577!777077
Total '()*)))+))
TS&
/ransport 9
Pac&aging 9
(abor 9
Premises 9
Total ,
-nvestment costs
fi,ed
Production costs
variable