i

.. ,
:'
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
OF
2KVA INVERTER
OMOTAYO ADEGBOYEGA ABIODUN
2005/22080EE
A project submitted to the department of Electrical/Computer
Engineering Federal University of Technology Minna .
November, 2010
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his infinite mercy, guidance and
protection through out my stay in the university.
ii
DECLARATION
I (Omotayo Adegboyega A.) declare that this work was done by me and has
never been presented anywhere for award of B.engineering in any tertiary
institution. I hereby relinquish the copy right to the Federal university of
technology, Minna.
OMOTAYO ADEGBOYEGA -ABIODUN MR MICHAEL DAVID
(Name of student) (Project supervisor)
(Signature and Date) (Signature and Date)
ENGR A.G. RAJI
(Head of department (External examiner)
(Signature and Date) (Signature and date
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My greatest gratitude goes to Almighty God for his is love and kindness
throughout this project work and my stay in the University.
I am greatly indebted to my incomparable parents Chief L.A Omotayo and Mrs
R.O Omotayo for their support both financially and morally during the course
of my study in Federal University of Technology Minna.
Also, my gratitude goes to my project supervisor, Mr Michael David for being
so outstanding in his advice. Gratitude goes to my immitable Technical
supervisor,Mr Bukola. A. Olawuyi for is total support during course of Design of
this Project.
Lastly I wish to express my pround gratitude to my friends Keji, Ibukun, Sayo.
For the moment we share together throughout my stay in FUT Minna, Also,my
political associates the likes of Sunny Integral, Adeyemi John Mayowa,National
for the succeful struggle we had together as regards student Unionism. May
the Lord in is infinite mercy be with you all. Amen.
Iv
ABSTACT
This project provides basically an alternative source of electrical energy especially in an
environment where power supply is not stable. It is achieved solely by the conversion of
direct current (D.C) into alternating current (A.C). The inverter operates in two modes;
normal charging mode where there is power supply and the backup mode where is no power
from mains supply. In the normal mode the battery switch is open, the Ac mains supplies the
load and the same time charges the battery, whereas in the backup mode the battery supplies
the load as result of mains failure. The use of power MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semi-
Conductor Field Effect Transistor) help in achieving maximum power required for the
design. The design and construction of this project are in module. The modules are; power
supply unit charging unit, switch circuit unit and inverter unit. The modules were assembled
together after construction to form a complete circuit. This project shall be researched,
analyzed, designed and constructed to given specification as the output can be compared
favourably with inverter in market.
v
2.2.4 Inverter rating 9
2.2.5 Control of the output voltage 11
2.2.6 Limiting factor 11
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 DESIGN STRATEGY AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 12
3.1 Switch over unit 13
3.2 The charger/Regulator unit 13
3.2.1 Silicon Controlled rectifier [SCRj 14
3. 2. 2 Compa rator 15
3.2.3 Zener diode 16
3.2.4 The important parameter of Zener diode 18
3.2.5 Zener diode as reference element 19
3. 2.6 Working principle of charger/regulator unit 20
3. 3 Oscillator/inverting unit 22
3.3. 1 Transist or B008 parameter 24
3.4 power MOSFET 28
3.4.2 Calculat ion of input power (Pin) 29
3.4. 2 The inverter/output. 32
vii
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 CONSTRUCTION, DISCUSSION OF RESULT AND TEST
36
4.1 Circuit Construction
36
4.1.1 Vera board
36
4.1.2 Transformer Construction and testing
37
4.1.3 Testing
38
4.1.4 Testing of oscillator unit 38
4.3 Construction casing 40
4.4 Reliability 40
4. 5 Care and precaution taken during and after fabrication 41
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 PROBLEM, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. 40
5.1 Conclusion 40
5.2 Recommendation 41
References 42
Complete Circuit Diagram 43
viii
Figure 2.1
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.4
Figure 3.5
Figure 3.6
Figure 3.7
Figure 3.8
Figure 3.9
Figure 4.1
LIST OF FIGURE
emergency systems with static inverter
Block diagram of inverter (D.C-A.C)
Model and circuit symbol of SCR
Basic Comparator circuit
V /1 characteristic of zener as reference element
Circuit of Zener diode as reference element
Circuit of Charger /Regulation units.
Circuit oscillator/Inverting
Symbol of MOSFET
The circuit of MOSFET RF1305
Output wave form generated by oscillator circuit.
I X