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3D STUDIO MAX

1. GIAO DIEN MAN HNH:

Trong giao dien ban can chu y en hai thanh cong cu quan trong nhat la Main Toolbar
(thanh cong cu chnh) va Command Panel (ban lenh).
Khi cac thanh cong cu tren man hnh giao dien chuan b tat, e m thanh cong cu ta vao
menu Customize / Show UI nhap chon ten cua thanh cong cu.
Trong menu file, e m mot file ban ve ban can phan biet:
-New : m file mi cha co vat the, nhng van gi lai ban chat lieu cu.
-Reset: m file mi hoan toan.
-Open : m file cu a co.

2. LAP N V BAN VE:

n v thng dung trong ban ve 3D la
centimeters (cm) hay millimeters (mm),
oi vi ban ve co t le ln hn co the dung
n v la meters (m).
e lap n v cho ban ve ta thc hien:

+ Vao menu Customize/Units setup:
-M hop thoai System Units Setup (n
v he thong) chon Centimeters/OK (xem
hnh 2.1)


Hnh 2.1

-Display Unit Scale (n v hien th) nhap
chon Metric, chon Centimeters/OK
(xem hnh 2.2).


Hnh 2.2

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+ n v o li:
Nhap phai cong cu Snaps Toggle e
m hop thoai Grid and Snap Setting (xem
hnh 2.3).

Chon Home Grid:

-Grid Spacing: khoang cach o li (10cm)
-Major Lines every Nth Grid Line:
khoang cach li (10 o)
-Perspective View Grid Extent: so o
li tren hnh chieu phoi canh (7).
Nhan Enter, nhap Close


Hnh 2.4

3. HIEU CHNH CHE O LU SO LAN HUY BO LENH (UNDO, REDO):

Vao menu Customize/ Preferences:

Chon the File:
-Khung Auto Backup:
-anh dau chon vao o Enable.
-Number of Autobak files: nhap so
file lu t ong.
-Backup Interval (minutes): nhap
so phut e lu t ong.
-Auto Backup file name: at ten
file lu t ong (mac nh la
Autobak) (xem hnh 3.1).

Chon the General:
-Khung Scene Undo:
-Level: nhap so lan undo (90).
-OK (xem hnh 3.2).

Hnh 3.2

Hnh 3.1

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4.TAM LAM VIEC CUA OI TNG (TRANSFORM CENTER):

Tam lam viec cua oi t ng anh hng
thao tac thu phong (scale) va quay
(rotation) nhng khong anh hng
en v tr cua oi tng co ba tuy chon
tam oi tng:

-Pivot point center : tam hnh hoc
oi vi oi vi oi tng n (single).


-Use Selection center : tam cu a tap
hp oi tng khi co nhieu oi tng
(multiple).
-Transform coordinate center : tam
toa do dch chuyen co the c chon cho
ca hai trng hp n va tap hp oi
tng.
5. SAO CHEP (CLONE) OI TNG THEO CAC TNH CHAT OC LAP (COPY,
INSTANCE, REFERENCE):

Copy: thc the mi tao ra oc lap vi thc the cu.
Instance: thc the mi tao ra phu thuoc hai chieu (trc the) vi thc the cu.
Reference: thc the mi tao ra phu thuoc mot chieu (gian tiep) vi thc the cu.
Co the cat c moi quan he nay bang cach vao modify va chon nut make unique
(tach ra thanh oc lap vi nhau). Khi o thay oi tham so cua mot oi tng se khong
anh hng en cac oi tng con lai.
Co the sao chep bang cach chon mot oi tng roi chon Clone t menu Edit (phm
tat Ctrl-V) e co hop thoai tuy chon sao chep (Clone Options) (h6); hoac chon oi
tng va chon nut move , sau o gi phm Shift dung chuot trai chon va keo (drag)
oi tng en v tr mi roi nha chuot, t hop thoai Clone Options chon mot trong ba tuy
chon sao chep, va chon so lng sao chep (Number of Copies) va chon OK (h7).

4


Hnh 6 Hnh 7

Chu y rang hai hop thoai Clone Options trong hai phng cach tren khac nhau cho vi
cach th hai, hop thoai nay co them tuy chon so lng sao chep (h6 va h7).

Thc hanh: Ve mot Box: 40x40x350, co the nhap tuy y kch thc bang cach keo
chuot tren View va sau o modify cho ung kch thc, hoac nhap ung kch thc bang
cach chon tham so trong Keyboard Entry (nhap t ban phm) (h8).


Sao chep cot nay thanh mot day 8 cot
bang cach Shift va Move, chon number
of copies la 8 vi tuy chon sao chep la
Instance. Tach hai cot gia thanh oc
lap (Make Unique) va thay oi (modify)
hai cot nay co chieu cao khac la 450.
hnh 8

Thc ha nh: Ve mot gian phong, t Create\Geometry\Extended Primitives,
chon L-shapes, xac nh ca c chieu rong va cao cua ca c va ch sau va va ch ben vi kch
thc tuy y, ve nen bang Plane trong Primitives Geometry, truy bat snap la endpoint
vao hai iem oi dien cua bc vach, oi ten chung neu can (trong modify\chon vung
name).
Thc hanh: Ve mot ke tu da vach e cha sa ch, dung cac thc the Box la ca c
tam van ke. Sao chep chung thanh cac n v ngang va ng. Quay oi tng (phm tat
5
E). Di chuyen chung vao v tr co truy bat (snap) va han che dch chuyen theo cac
phng
(Res trict X, Y, Z) neu can.












Thc hanh 3DSMAX

-Thao tac vi cac giao dien phm tac, ta o (create) cac hnh nguyen the n gian
(standard primitives) va thay oi (modify) cac tham so (parameter) va cac thuoc tnh
(attribute).
-Sap xep (align) chung theo toa o tuyet oi (toan cuc-world) va tng oi (relative)
vi nhau, theo cac han che phng (restrict to X, Y, Z, XY, YZ, va XZ) va thc truy bat
(snap mode).
-Xoa va sao chep (clone) theo cac tnh chat (copy, instance, reference), sau o thay oi
cac thong so cua mot trong cac oi tng e thay moi tng quan duy tr hoac pha v
moi tng quan nay theo cac nhom con cua mot nhom me (va tao ra).

-Cac thao tac oi vi hnh chieu quan sat :

Phm (hoac to hp phm) tat Chc nang thao tac chon hnh chieu va hien th
T Top View (hnh chieu bang)
B Bottom View (hnh chieu di len)
C Camera View (Hnh chieu camera)
F Front View (hnh chieu ng)
U Isometric User View (hnh chieu truc o)
L Left View (hnh chieu trai)
P Perspective User View (hinh chieu phoi canh)
CTRL+X Expert Mode (thc chuyen gia)
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G Hide Grids Toggle (khong hien th li toa o)
SHIFT+H Hide Helpers Toggle (khong hien th cong cu ho tr)
SHIFT+L Hide Light Toggle (giau en chieu sang)
SHIFT+P Hide Particle Sysems Toggle (giau he thong phan t)
SHIFT+W Hide Space Wams Toggole (giau li chi phoi)
ALT+Q Isolate Selection (tam thi hien th ch mot oi tng chon
CLT+C Match Camera To View (chuyen camera vao phng quan
sat)
ALT+W Maximize Viewport Toggle (khuyech ai hnh chieu hien
hanh)
CLT+P Pan View (trt hnh chieu quan sat)
I (ky t i) Pan Viewport (trt tam cua hnh chieu hien hanh en v tr
con tro)
] (ngoac vuong ong) Zoom Viewport Out (quan sat ra xa) (tam la v tr cong
nghiep tro)




Phm (hoac to hp phm) tat Chc nang thao tac chon hnh chieu va hien th
F8 Restrict Plane Cycle (luan phien han che mat phang lam
viec)
F5 Restrist to X (han che truc lam viec theo truc X)
F6 Restrict to Y (han che truc lam viec theo truc Y)
F7 Restrict to Z (han che truc lam viec theo truc Z)
= (dau bang) Transform Gizmo Size Down (giam kch c hien th bieu
tng toa o)
- (dau tr) Transform Gizmo Size Up (tang kch c hien th bieu tng
toa o)
X Tranform Gizmo Toggle (tat m hien th bieu tng toa o
mau vang la truc hoac mat phang lam viec)
F12 Transform Type-in Dialog (tat hoac m hop thoai nhap
tham so dang so)
CTRL+Z Undo Scene Operation (bo thao tac va thc hien oi vi
oi tng)
SHIFT+Z Undo Viewport Operation (bo thao tac va thc hien oi
vi hnh chieu)
CTRL+L Default Lighting Toggole (chieu sang mac nh)
ALT+SHIFT+CTRL+B Update Background Image (cap nhat anh nen)
F4 View Edged Faces Toggle (tat hoac m che o hien th
canh mep)
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ALT+B Viewport Background (hop thoai hau canh)
F3 Wireframe/ Smooth+Highlight Toggle (hien th to bong
hoac khong)
ALT+CTRL+Z Zoom Extents
SHIFT+CTRL+Z Zoom Extens All (hien th tat ca cac oi tng tren tat ca
cac hnh chieu)
Z Zoom Extents Selectd All (hien th phong ai oi tng
chon tren hnh chieu)
ALT+Z Zoom Mode (quan sat gan lai hoac xa ra)
CTRL+W Zoom Region Mode (quan sat tng khu vc)
[ (ngoac vuong m) Zoom viewport In (quan sat vao gan) (tam la v tr cong
nghiep tro)




-Cac thao tac tren oi tng:

Phm (hoac to hp phm) tat Chc nang thao tac tren oi tng
ALT+A Align (sap xep oi tng)
A Angle Snap Toggle (thc truy bat iem)
Phm DELETE Delete Object (xoa doi tng)
8 Environment Dialog (hop thoai moi trng)
SHIFT+C Hide cameras Toggle (dau camera)
SHIFT+G Hide Geometry Toggle (dau oi tng)
M Meterial Editor (Hop thoai bien soan vat lieu)
CTRL+N New Scene (m tap tin)
ALT+N Normal Align (sap xep oi tng theo phng cua phap
tuyen)
CTRL+O (k t o) Open File (m tap tin)
CTRL+H Place Highligt (sap xep theo phng cua phap tuyen)
7 Polygon Counter (em so lng mat a giac)
SHIFT+Q Quick Render (xuat anh nhanh)
CTRL+Y Redo Scene Operation (thc hien lai thao tac va bo, oi
vi oi tng)
SHIFT+Y Redo Viewport Operation (thc hien lai thao tac va bo,
oi vi hnh chieu)
F9 Render Last (xuat anh thc hien gan ay nhat)
F10 Render Scene (xuat anh tren fhung canh)
E Rotate Mode (quay oi tng quanh truc X, Y, hoac Z)
CTRL+S Save file (lu tap tin)
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CTRL+E Scale Cycle (luan phien gia ba hnh thc phong to thu
nho)
CTRL+A Select All (chon tac ca cac oi tng)
CTRL+I (ky t I) Select Invert (chon nghch ao mot hoac cac oi tng)
CTRL+D Select None (khong chon g ca)
H Select-By-Name Dialog (chon oi tng t hop thoai danh
sach)
Thanh SPACEBAR Selection Lock Toggole (khoa viec chon oi tng hien
hanh)
F2 Shade Select Faces Toggle (anh dau toan dien tch mat
chon)
ALT+6 Show Main Toolbar Toggle (tat hoac hien th thanh cong cu
chnh)


Phm (hoac to hp phm) tat Chc nang thao tac tren oi tng
SHIFT+F Show Safeframes Toggle (hien th khung an toan)
R Smart Scale (luan phien chon cach thc phong to thu nho)
Q Smart Select (luan phien chon cach thc chon la oi
tng)
SHIFT+CTRL+P Snap Percent Toggle (thc truy bat theo bach phan nh
trc)
S Snap Toggle (thc truy bat)
SHIFT+I (ky t i) Spacing Tool (cong cu phan bo oi tng doc theo oi
tng tuyen tnh
SHIFT+4 Spot/Directional Light View (hnh chieu quan sat t hng
at en)
1 (so mot) Sub-object Level 1 (oi tng con cap 1)
2 Sub-object Level 2 (oi tng con cap 2)
3 Sub-object Level 3 (oi tng con cap 3)
4 Sub-object Level 4 (oi tng con cap 4)
5 Sub-object Level 5 (oi tng con cap 5)
Phm INSERT Sub-object Level Cycle (luan phien qua cac cap oi tng
con)
CTRL+B Sub-object Selection Toggle (chon di chuyen hoac khong
chon oi tng con)
ALT+B Viewport Background (hop thoai hau canh)




9



















Thc tap 1:

Thc hanh: Ve mot ke tu tng :
T menu Create\Geometry, chon Extended Primitives (h 01) va chon L-Ext
(Extension) (hnh 02) e ve tng ch L, xac nh cac kch thc chieu cao va chieu
day cua thc the tng, va modify neu can (h 03).



Hnh 01 Hnh 02 Hnh 03 Hnh 04

Tr ve Geometry\Standard Primitives, chon Plane vi snap Endpiont va ve mat
phang chon truy bat vao 2 iem oi dien cua tng (h 04). Chon hnh chieu User
(phmU) va ve mot Box vi ho tr Autogrid va Snap: Endpoint ve mot Box pha
tren tng (h 05).

10


Hnh 05 Hnh 06 Hnh 07

+Chu y: khi dng hnh khong lam viec tren cac hnh chieu Perpectives hoac
Camera ma nen la Use (hnh chieu truc o).

Cac Thc The Ho Tr (Helpers):
Cac thc the ho tr c to chc t nut cong cu Helper , trong o co cac thc
the nh hnh 06. Thc the ho tr Point (iem co the lam he qui chieu (Reference
system) e ve oi xng chang han. Thc the Tape (thc o) e o kch thc chieu
dai tuyen tnh (linear), Dummy (gia lap, khong xuat hien tren xuat anh Render, e
qui chieu chuyen ong, v.v..), Protractor (thc o goc), Grid (li tham chieu cua
ngi s dung lap). Chang han ban hay ve oi xng nhom tng, san va tran va ve
tren.

Ve mot point tai can au mut ben trai cua nhom thc the vi snap: Endpoint
(hnh 07). Chon iem nay lam he qui chie u (Trong Reference Coordinate system,
chon Pick va chon iem nay). Chon tam qui chieu la User Transform Coordinate
Center .

Ve oi xng: Chon cac thc the tng, san va tran va mirror(h 08).



Hnh 08 Hnh 09 Hnh 10

Array thu nho mot phng: chon tat ca ca c the ngoai tr Point (vao danh sach
H chon Point va chon Invert\Select) va nhom (Group) chung lai. Van vi he qui
chieu va tam qui chieu nh tren, chon nhom nay va array len pha tren (o chieu cao
tng va tran: Untilities\Measure), ch thu nho (80%) mot phng Y, cac phng X
11
va Z con lai khong thu nho, bang cach vao Tools\Array: Incremental\Scale Y= 80
(Scale X va Z e nguyen 100 (100%) (h 09). Ket qua nh hnh 10.

Cung vay nhng lan nay lai tang scale cu a phng Y va ca c phng khac gi
nguyen (100%) (h 11), sau khi ve xong chuyen sang hnh chieu phoi canh (P) (hnh
12).



Hnh11 Hnh 12




Thc tap 2:

- Ve thc the ng net (spline), bien soan cac cap oi tng con (sub-
objects).
- Phep bien oi Lathe (thc the tao t viec quay tron mot ng sinh
quanh truc cua no), ng dung ve cot thc co ien t mot thc the line.
- Cac tuy chon oi tng con truc (axis) trong phep bien oi Lathe, tnh
chat tang bac (Hierachy) cua oi tong, v tr iem truc (Pivot).
- Cac truy bat diem truc (Pivot) va (iem hnh bao ngoai tiep) Bounding
Box.
- Modifier extrude (nho len thanh hnh khoi).

1. Ve thc the ng ne t (splines):

T nut cong cu Shapes , chon cac loa i thc the
ng net gom ng (line) thang hoac cong, ng
tron (circle), cung tron (arc), a giac (NGon), van
ban (text), vanh khan (donut), hnh sao (star), va
ng xoan oc ba chieu (helix).

Thc ha nh: T hnh chieu ben trai (left), chon truy
bat Endpoint va Midpoint, ve mot line vi tuy chon
Initial type (dang
iem au) la goc
(corner) va drag type
(dang cac iem tiep
theo) cung la corner
(h.02) nh hnh 04.
12


hnh.01



hnh 02 hnh 03 hnh 04

+ Ve mot cung tron (arc) vi tuy chon center-end-end (h.03), va tng t vi cac line
va arc lien tiep nhau vi truy bat iem Endpoint nh hnh 04. Chon mot thc the trong
so o va Modify, trong Geometry chon Attach (gan) (h 05) hoac Attach Multiple (gan
hang loat theo danh sach) (h06) va chon Attach e gan nhng oan nay vi nhau thanh
mot.



Hnh 05 hnh 06 hnh 07

+ Ve mot cung tron (arc) vi tuy chon center-end-end (h.03), va tng t vi cac line
va arc lien tiep nhau vi truy bat iem Endpoint nh hnh 04. Chon mot thc the trong
so o va Modify, trong Geometry chon Attach (gan) (h 05) hoac Attach Multiple (gan
hang loat theo danh sach) (h06) va chon Attach e gan nhng oan nay vi nhau thanh
mot.

13
Gan (Attach) cac oi tng net va ha n (weld) cac iem: T thanh Modify, bam chuot
phai va chon Selection e chon cac cap oi tng con, chon cap vertex (iem) (h08) va
chon tac ca cac iem tai cac khp no i, va han (chon weld) trong Geometry (hoac bam
chuot phai tren View va chon Weld vertexes-h09).



Hnh 08 hnh 09 hnh 10

Cac iem ang chon se chon t dang anh dau hnh vuong rong sang hnh ch thap
(h10). Tr ve cap oi tng me bang cach chon vao dong Line (mau vang, co bieu
tng iem vertex trong thanh modify) (h11) e chuyen no thanh cap me mau xam
(h12) hoac chon chuot phai vao View va chon Top Level trong Sub-Objects (h13).



Hnh 11 hnh 12 hnh 13
2.Phep bien oi Lathe (tao vat the tron xoay bang ca ch quay mot ng sinh quanh
truc cua no):

Vao Modify va gan phep bien oi Lathe (go ky t L cho Lathe trong danh sach
Modifier List). Tuy theo luc gan (attach) chon thc the nao th thc the co Lathe se
quay quanh truc cua thc the o. Neu trc luc gan (attach) ban chon thc the xuat
phat la ng sinh mep cot th ban knh cua cot bang 0 (=0) (h15). Con neu khong phai
la mep cot luc xuat phat th ng knh cua no khac 0. V vay trc khi gan ban thay oi
truc (pivot) cua no bang cach vao nut cong cu tang bac (Hierachy) , chon nut Affect
Pivot only , chon truy bat Pivotva Endpoint (h14) va di iem
truc (pivot) ve mot trong hai iem au mut cua mep cot.

14


Hnh 14 hnh 15 hnh 16

Thay oi ng knh cu a cot: Bang cach cho n cap o i tng con cua Lathe la Axis (h18)
va di truc (axis) qua phai (oi vi hnh chieu Left) mot oan bang ban knh, chang han
100, e co ng knh cot la 200) (bam chuot phai vao bieu tng move) (h16).



Hnh 17 hnh 18 hnh19




Hnh 20


Neu muon thay oi kch thc ng knh ban co the t
cap oi tng con Axis cua Lathe, vao tuy chon Align (sap
v tr cua truc la min, max, hoac center) (h19) e di truc
ve v tr nguyen thuy va gan lai mot ban knh khac.


Muon thay oi hnh dang hoac kch thc cua ng sinh
ch can quay ve thc the goc (line) trong ly lch (stack),
chang han vao cap iem (vertex) (h18) chon va di chuyen
(h20) e keo dai than cot (h21), hoac ve mot e cot va la i
gan (attach) va han (weld) vao than va au cot. Trc het
hay tat hien th cua Lathe (Modifier On/Off Toogle) (h22).




Hnh 21 hnh 22 hnh23 hnh 24 hnh 25

15
Ve mot line khac lam e cot (h23) va gan cac thanh phan cua no lai vi nhau, chon cap
vertex va han, sau o lai gan vao line than va au cot (h24, 25).

2. Phap tuyen cua phep bien oi Lathe:

Quay hnh chieu sang User (hnh chieu truc o), tuy theo phap tuyen hien hanh cua be
mat cua thc the ma ban co the nhn thay mat trong hoac mat ngoai cua cot (h26).
Hnh 26 cho thay mat trong cua e cot. Chuyen phap tuyen cua mat cua Lathe quay ra
ngoai bang cach vao tham so (parameter) cua Lathe va chon Flip Normal (ao phap
tuyen) h27 e quay phap tuyen ra ngoai (h28, 29).



Hnh 26 hnh27 hnh 28 hnh 29

Snap: Bounding Box (ca c iem au mut cua hnh bao ngoai tiep vat the):

oi ten thc the vao modify va oi ten . Chon tuy chon truy
bat Bounding Box ong thi vi Endpoint (h30). Ve mot au cot vuong va mot e cot
vuong khac ngoai tiep vi kch thc cua ng tron au va e cot (truy bat Bounding
Box) (h32). Khi truy bat 2 iem oi dien cua e hop ban can co ho tr truy bat (bam
phm tat S) (h30), nhng sau khi xac nh c hai iem nay roi ban lai ta t (phm S)
e thoi truy bat iem khi xac nh chieu cao ( ay hop co chieu cao am-hng xuong
di) (h31), vao modify e thay oi gia tr chieu cao cua hop.



Hnh 30 hnh 31 hnh 32

Cung tng t nh vay quay hnh chieu (Rotate
View) e ve hop au cot (h33 36).

16


Hnh 33 hnh 34

Nhom ca ba thc the nay lai mot nhom va at ten.
Array nhom nay thanh 8 cot (7 khoang doc theo truc
X (h37).


hnh 35 hnh.36

Ve a tren au cac cot: Cung vi snap la Bounding Box va ho tr Auto Grid (phap
tuyen ve mot a lien tren cac au cot (h38). Chuyen sang Perspective (h39).




Hnh 37 hnh 38 hnh 39

4. Phep bien oi Nho (Extrude) thanh hnh khoi t ng net o ng kn:

Mot ng net ong kn co the c tao ra t tuy chon Outline oi vi mot net khong
ong kn. Cung tiep tuc v du tren, t hnh chieu User, chon snap: Endpoint, AutoGrid,
ve mot rectangle ngoai tiep vi nhom cot. Chuyen hnh ch nhat nay thanh mot net co
the soan thao c (chon chuot phai vao oi tng tren View va chon Convert To:
Convert To Editable Spline (h40).



Hnh 40 hnh 41 hnh 42

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Chon cap oi tng con la Segment (oan) va xoa net ben di cua hnh
ch nhat (h41). Chon cap oi tng con la Spline (ng) va chon hnh ch nhat (luc
nay con lai ba oan). Va o Geometry trong Modify va chon Outline la -100 va bam
Enter hoac chon nut Outline (h41). Ban c mot ng net ong kn (h42).

Gan phep bien oi Extrude: Gan cho net nay mot phep bien oi net nay a tr thanh
hnh khoi ma hien co chieu day bang khong (h43), vao tham so (Parameter) cua
Extrude va thay oi lng (amount) co gia tr 0 thanh khac 0, gia tr dng (>0) se nho
len ve pha ngi quan sat, va gia tr am (<0) la ngc lai (h44).
Quay sang pha sau cua hnh chieu, thay oi tham so amount cho tng day hn (h45).
Tng t cung ve mot rectangle (snap: endpoint va AutoGrid) chuyen thanh Editable
Spline xoa segment di ay va Extrude (h46).



Hnh 43 hnh 44 hnh 45 hnh 46

Ve mot rectangle khac, chuyen thanh Editable spline, chon cap spline va Outline
vi gia tr dng (vao trong) bang chieu day tng. Gan modifier: Extrude va thay oi
tham so amount (h47). Ve mot box (snap: endpoint va autogrid) e lam tng sau va
mot plane lam mat at (h48). Chep (hoac array, count=2, trong Incremetal\chon Z
la chieu cao cua nhom) nhom thc the nay len tren lau va ve tng lan can va mai on
bang cac box.



Hnh 47 hnh 48

18
Tao camera va chon cac thong so va vao cac hnh chieu camera (phm C ) (h49).
Nhom (group) toan bo can nha va ve oi xng (mirro) (h50).
Sao chep (Clone\Coy) va quay (Rotate) can nha thanh can nha th ba (h50).




Hnh 49 hnh 50


Thc ta p 3:

Chuyen oi thanh thc the li co the soan thao c (Editable Mesh).
Cac cap doi tng con (sub-objects) cua li (mesh).
Thao tac bien soan ca c cap oi tng con cua li.
Thao tac vi lenh thu phong (scale).

1.Chuyen oi thanh thc the li co the soan thao c (Editable Mesh):

Mot so oi tng hnh hoc (geometry) nguyen thuy (primetives) hoac mot ng net a
c chuyen thanh hnh khoi bang cach gan phep bien oi Extrude chang han.
Muon oi mot oi tng thanh thc the li co the soan thao c (Editable Mesh), ban
bam chuot phai vao oi tng va chon Convert To:\ Convert to Editable Mesh (h174)
hoac t Modify en ly lch (stack) chon chuot phai vao box va chon Editable Mesh
(h175).



Hnh 174 hnh 175 hnh 176

Thc ha nh: Ve mot box (50x50x300) cho n chuot trai va chuyen no thanh Editable
Mesh bang mot trong hai cach noi tren.

1.Cac cap oi tng con (sub-objects) cua li (mesh):

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Mot thc the li (mesh) co 5 cap oi tng con la: -Vertex :iem
-Edge :canh
-Face :mat n
-Polygon :mat a giac
-Element :yeu to (h176)

Co the chon cap lam viec t thanh Selection trong modify
hoac chon chuot phai vao oi tng tren View va chon cac cap tng ng trong o Top-
level la cap me (h177).



Hnh 177 hnh 178 hnh 179 hnh 180

Thc hanh: T box a chuyen sang mesh nh tren chon cap a giac (polygon), trong ly
lch (stack) hien th cap oi tng con hien hanh trong mot thanh
mau vang co bieu tng cap lam viec pha ben phai.
T cap polygon chon mot a giac cu the, chang han chon mat tren cua mesh, bam phm
F2 neu can e hien th mang cua a giac chon (h178). Vao trong Geometry chon gia tr
cua extrude la 50 va bam Enter hoac nut Extrude (h179). Bam F2 e hien th to
mang tren View, va F4 e thay cac ng ranh (h180).


h181 182 183

Tng t chon polygon pha trc va Extrude trong Geometry vi gia tr la 350
(h181), tiep tuc chon mat ben trai va extrude vi gia tr la 350 (h182), ket thuc bang
cach bam chuot phai hoac chon lai nut extrude lan na.
Ve khung nha: T n v va ve array thanh khung nha theo cac phng X va Y
(h183).
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Ban nhan thay rang khung nha nay con thieu cac cot 2 ba cuoi. Co the sao chep
cot con thieu nay bang cach chon cap Polygon chon cot ba va chon Make Unique
e g bo quan he (instance) neu co khi array trc o, hoac ta ch (detach)
bang cach chon nut Detach trong Geometry (h187), chon nut khoa thc the va
chon snap: Endpoint e sao chep (theo kieu Shift + Move) sang ben canh, chon
Clone to Object (chep thanh thc the (h184). Lai chep thc the nay ra va chon
Number of Copies e co nhieu cot khac cung nh Array (h186). Chon tac ca ca c
thc the va array len cac tang tren (h188) va chuyen sang hnh chieu camera
(h189).



hnh 184 hnh 185 hnh 186



h187 hnh 188 hnh 189

Thao tac Bevel trong Geometry: Mot oi tng con cap polygon co the c nho len
(Extrude) va vat (Bevel) trong Edit Geometry. Chu y rang ca c thao tac nay khong
phai la cac phep bien oi (modifier) Extrude va Bevel.
Thc hanh: Ve mot box (40x40x280) va array ca ch nhau 300 theo phng X va
array 300 theo phng Y (h191) (array mot lan cho ca hai phng, count 1D=1,
2D=2, 3D=2) (h190).


hnh 190 hnh 191 hnh 192

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Ve mot hop (box) khac (vi snap Endpoint) len mat tren cua bon cot nay, chieu day
(height = 40) (h192). Chuyen hop nay thanh Editable mesh va chon cap oi tng
con la polygon, chon mat tren cua hop va vao Edit Geometry chon gia tr tai hop
Extrude (h193) la 100 va bam Enter hoac chon nut Extrude.


h193 hnh 194 hnh 195

Tai hop gia tr cua Bevel ben di Extrude (h193), nhap gia tr -150 va Enter ban
c ket qua nh hnh 194.

Thao tac vat canh (chamfer) vi ca p oi tng con Edge va cap vertex.
Ve mot khac truy bat vao hai canh ben trong cua hai cot (h195) va modify chieu
rong cua hop nay nho lai (h196). Chuyen hop nay thanh Editable Mesh va chon cap
oi tng con la Edge. Chon canh gan nhat cu a hop va vao Edit Geometry chon
gia tr trong hop Chamfer (vat) (h197) va bam Enter. Ban c ket qua nh hnh
198



Hnh 98 hnh 199

Quay hnh chieu sang pha ben kia cua hop va chon cap vertex, chon mot iem va
cung vat (chamfer) (h199). Huy bc va thc hien bang cach chon Ctrl-Z va sau
o Align sat vao cot ben canh.

Thc hanh: Tao cac cac th c the oi xng: trc het ban hay ve mot hnh rectangle
la chu vi cua nha va chon no lam he quy chieu la User Transform Coordinate
Center va ve oi xng thc the nay sang cot oi dien (h202). Chon ca hai thc
the nay va Array quay tron (rotate, trong incremental cua array) thanh 4 cap
(h203).

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hnh 200 hnh 201 hnh 202 hnh 203

1. Thu phong (scale) theo cac phng X, Y, Z.
Chon hop mai nha va chon he quy chieu tr ve View vi tam quy chieu la Pivot nh
mat nh. Chon bieu tng lenh thu phong va bam chuot phai vao bieu tng
nay e co hop thoai Scale Transform Type-in (h204) trong o chon X va Y trong
Absolute Local la 110 va 110 (%). ieu nay ch co ngha la ch phong to 110% theo
hai phng tai cho (local) X va Y (khong phong theo phng Z) e lam cho mai nha
rong ra ma khong cao len (h205, 206).

hnh 204 hnh 205

Thc hanh: Ve them nha co nam cap: Chon chu vi (la hnh rectangle a co) gan cho
no mot phep bien oi extrude. Thay oi amount cua extrude nay la -15 (am 15) e
chieu dai cua no hng xuong di. Chon array thc the nay vi Count 1D la 5,
trong Incremental chon move Z la -15 (hng xuong 15) va Scale X va Y la 110
(h207). Ket qua nh hnh 208.

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hnh 207 hnh 208

Thc hanh ve g mai: Chon thc the mai nha va chon cap oi tng Edge (h209).



hnh 209 hnh 210 hnh 211

Chon canh mai doc (h210) va chon gia tr chamfer la 10 va bam Enter (h211). Chon
cap polygon va chon mat va vat xong va chon gia tr Extrude la 15 va bam Enter
(h212).



hnh 212 hnh 213

Tuy chon cac mat (polygon) can c iem (vertex):
Van e bay gi can chon nam (5) mat tao thanh ng song mai va ve. Cach chon
thuan tien la chon mat (polygon) da tren viec chon cac iem (vertex). Chon oi
tng mai va chon modify, vao Selection, chon cap polygon va chon cach chon theo
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iem (by vertex) (h213) va chon hai iem oi dien (Ctrl e chon them vao tap hp
chon) (h214).



Tach (Detach trong Edit Geometry) tap hp cac mat nay thanh mot
oi tng mi at ten la song mai (h215). Cung chon bac cap lam he tam quy
chieu va array tron thanh bon oi tng (h216). e y rang nhng lan chon cac cap
oi tng con cua cac oi t ng khac cung tiep tuc theo tuy chon By vertex nay. Do
vay ban nh tat By vertex khi s dung xong.



hnh 216








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Bai thc tap 4:

Phep bien oi Bevel Profile (vat theo tiet dien).
Thc the van ban (text).
Cong cu Loft (tao vat the t mot ng dan (path) va mot tiet dien (shape).

1. Phep bien oi Bevel Profile :

Phep bien oi Bevel Profile tao vat the co hnh dang can c vat the goc va dung mot
net thc the khac e lam tiet dien vat. Xem xet hai trng hp: (1) tiet dien m va (2)
tiet dien ong: Bevel Profile ch n thuan la mot phep bien oi (modifier), do vay no
khong giong vi cong cu Loft tao va t the t mot ng dan (path) va mot tiet dien
(shape) se e cap di. Ban hay thc hanh bat au t mot van ban (text). Chu y s
khac biet gia viec gan cho text nay vi lan lt tng phep bien oi Extrude va
Bevel, va Bevel Profile.
Text vi Extrude: T hnh chieu Font, chon Shape , chon Text , trong
tham so Perameter chon phong la Arial Bold, thay oi noi dung van ban la kien truc
(h217) va chon chuot trai vao hnh chieu Front. Quay goc nhn (Rotate View) thanh
hnh chieu User (h218).


hnh 217 hnh 218 hnh 219
Gan vao thc the nay phep bien oi Extrude va thay oi amount khac 0 (h219). Chep
(Clone\Copy) (sao chep oc lap ve tnh chat) thc the nay thanh mot thc the khac va
xoa modifier Extrude va thay vao o gan phep bien oi Bevel (h220) va thay oi
cac tham so trong ba cap (level 1,2,3) vat (h221).

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h220 h221 h222

Tng t cung lai sao chep oc lap (clone\copy) thc the nay thanh mot thc the khac
va xoa modifier Bevel va thay vao o la gan modifier Bevel Profile. Nhng trc ghi
gan phep bien oi nay ban can chuan b trc mot ng net (shape: line hoac
rectangle) e lam tiet dien theo phep bien oi vat theo tiet dien.
T hnh chieu left ve tiet dien la mot shape: rectangle hoac ellipse, hoac bat ky mot tiet
dien nao ban can e lam tiet dien vat cho oi tng text. Chang han ban ve mot
rectangle (kch thc can nho e co t le tng oi vi text). Chon text (khong co
modifier nao) va gan modifier Bevel Profile chon nut Pick Profile (h222) va chon
vao hnh ch nhat.
Nh vay ban a thay s khac biet gia ket qua cua ba cong cu ba phep bien oi nay oi
vi mot text (h223).

h223 224 225

Bay gi ban hay tat hien th ( giau: hide) cac thc the ch e lai thc the sau cung bang
cach chon chuot phai vao cac thc the muon giau va chon Hide Selection trong menu
Display (h224). Lai chep thc the text ( co Bevel Profile) nay thanh mot thc the mi
oc lap, khong xoa modifier Bevel Profile hien co. T hnh chieu Left ve mot Line cong
(chon cac tuy chon Initial Type la smooth va Drag Type cung la smooth
(h225,226) tng t nh hnh 227. chon thc the text ang co san phep bien oi Bevel
Profile, vao modify chon pick Profile va chon lai tiet dien vat ( Profile) la net cong
va ve. Ket qua nh hnh 228.

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h227 h228 h229
Chu y rang do Bevel Profile la mot phep bien oi nen neu ban xoa tiet dien th hnh
dang hien co cua text cung khong con, do vay ban co the che giau (hide) tiet dien nay
neu khong muon hien th no. Muon thay oi hnh dang cua text ban thay oi tren hnh
dang cua tiet dien, bang ca ch vao ca c cap oi tng con, chang han Vertex cua tiet dien
va thay oi tnh chat hoac di (move) cung. Neu la di chu y chon han che phng dch
chuyen (transform) trong mat phang XY ( luan phien phm F8). Hnh 229 cho thay mot
iem (Vertex) a c chuyen oi t loai smooth sang loai corner (h230) va hnh
dang cua text cung oi theo (h231).

H230 h231

V du tren cho thay trng hp cua thc the ong (text) d9c gan tiet dien m (line).
Ban hay thc hanh vi 2 thc the ng dan la m va tiet dien la ong.










28










Bai thc tap 5: Ve khung ca i.

+T hnh chieu front hoac left ve hnh ch nhat va chuyen thanh Editable Spline, chon
cap segment va xoa oan di ay. Thc the nay sau o c gan phep bien oi Bevel
Profile trong o chon (Pick Profile) la mot hnh chu nhat c got (trim) bi hnh ch
nhat khac e tao ra dang khung o ca co g (h232, 233).

H 232 h233

Thao tac got (Trim) trong Geometry c thc hien cap oi tng con Spline sau khi
a gan (attach) hai hnh ch nhat nay vi nhau.

Ve khung o ca: chon ng dan o ca la hnh ch nhat a xoa canh ay va gan mot
phep bien oi Bevel Profile, chon Pick Profile va chon tiet dien va got. Ket qua la
khung o ca c tao ra (h234, 235).

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H234 h235

Thay oi chieu cua g o ca: Tuy theo ca m ra hay m vao, va phan ranh c
quay ra hoac quay vao ban co the thay oi bon v tr khac nhau cua g. Viec nay c
thc hien bang cach chon tiet dien, vao cap oi tng con (sub-object) la spline nay va
chon cong cu quay (transform: rotate), bam phm F12 (goi bang Type-In) va quay 180
quanh truc X hoac Y theo he tng oi (Offset: World) (h236). Ket qua nh cac hnh
235, 237, 238, va 239.

H236 h237

H238 h239

Bai thc tap 6: ve ba c cap nhieu bac t phep bien oi Bevel Profile.

T hnh chieu ben, chang han Left ve mot bac va mot line (Intial Type: Corner, Drag
Type: corner), chieu cao bac la 15 va mat bac la 30. Sao chep (copy, snap: endpoint)
bac nay len 5 bac, gan (attach) va han (weld). T hnh chieu bang (Top) ve mot hnh
30
ch nhat kch thc (300-600), chuyen thanh Editable Splinle va chon cap segment,
chon xoa mot canh chieu dai (h240). Luc nay ta co hai thc the nh hnh 241.

H240 h241

Chon ng dan (hnh ch U) va gan phep bien oi Bevel Profile, chon Pick Profile va
chon hnh bac cap (h241), ban c ket qua la hnh bac thang (h242).

h243 h242

Thay doi dang ba c thang: Cung bang thay oi cac tham so (parameter) cu a phep bien
oi Bevel Profile, chon net dang bac cap va vao cap oi tng con spline, chon spline
va chon quay (rotate) e quay 180 quanh Z, dang bac cap luc nay se quay vao trong
thay v ra ngoai (h243).


H243 h244
Bac cap lu c nay khong hien th ay u cac be mat do van e hng cua net spline. Ban
khac phuc viec nay bang cach chon spline chu vi va oi chieu (reverse) bang cach chon
trong Geometry va quay thc the lai (h244).

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