Based on lithium-ion battery

charging circuit design USB interface

Keywords: USB interface lithium-ion battery charging circuit
lithium-ion battery and USB Interface Overview
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, lithium battery for short
<http://bbs.dianyuan.com/tech/battery>, is the increasing popularity in recent years,
the use of a new type of battery, with small size, light weight, high capacity (high
energy density), self-discharge rate and advantages such as no memory effect, but it
also has some fatal flaw: the charging and discharging of the more stringent
requirements, can not overcharge and over discharge, or likely to cause irreversible
damage to, in short circuit, overcharge and other extreme cases there may be an
explosion dangerous.
General lithium single nominal voltage 316 ~ 317V, charging, generally require the
use of limited pressure limiting law, the first constant current charging, ie a current
constant charging current by low magnification national standard charge is 0.2C
(arbitration charge standard), the maximum does not exceed 1C; while charging the
battery voltage is gradually increased as when the battery terminal voltage reaches
the termination voltage 412 0105V, should be changed to constant voltage
constant current charging small current (about 011C) charge, the state general
called trickle charge state. The charging current based on the saturation level of the
batteries, with the charging process continues to gradually decrease, and when
reduced to 0101C, that the charging is terminated.
USB interface is in English UniversalSerialBus abbreviation, Chinese meaning is
"Universal Serial Bus." It is a new field in the PC interface technology applications.
USB uses a 4-pin plug as a standard plug to connect with external devices. In this
four-pin plug, there are two pins for data communication lines, while the outer two
needles compared to an external device to provide power. According to the USB
specification, each USB port should be able to provide 500mA output current;
provided by the USB host or hub with a power supply of the USB interface, the
connected peripheral end of the minimum available voltage is 4.5V, while the USB
bus powered hub can provide should be a minimum of 4.35V. worth noting that,
although the USB specification defines the current limit provided shall not exceed
015A, but in fact the current USB port output is often more than a few amps.
As can be seen from the above analysis, the use of USB interface for battery charge,
the current terms should be enough, the key is how to control the size of the current.
In addition, the use of a minimum of 4.35V voltage USB interface to the typical
requirements for 4.2V lithium battery when charging, only a small margin on the
voltage, which makes the charging circuit voltage drop becomes extremely important,
is the difficulty of design.

PC-based USB interface charging circuit design
2.1 Option One
Figure 1 is a market of some of the "USB charging cable," the internal circuitry. The
main principle is to use the maximum current limit resistor, a diode voltage drop
(approximately 0.7V) about the USB interface 5V output voltage down to about 4.2V
rechargeable lithium battery then. This circuit has a simple, low-cost advantage, but
the disadvantage is obvious: the charging current and charging voltage and battery
status vary in different USB interface vary, basically can not grasp, in many cases the
battery is likely sufficient dissatisfaction (charging voltage of less than 4.2V), but
sometimes it may overcharge and damage the battery. This circuit has some internal
lithium battery protection circuit for sound acceptable, but for ordinary lithium
batteries, there are certain dangers.

2.2 Option II
Figure 2 is a practical USB Li-ion battery charging circuit by MAX1551 / 1555
constituted. MAX1551 / 1555 is designed and manufactured by MAXIM USB single
lithium battery charging chip, 5-pin thin SOT23 package, allowing the USB port or
wall adapter 3.7V ~ 7V AC input voltage range. Internal chip also has a temperature
limit circuit.
When For this circuit, when connected to a USB port, but no AC wall adapter DC
power, the charging current is set to 100mA (Max). This is not required in the case
of the communication port, allows the power from the USB port or power charging.
When DC power is turned on, the charging current is set to 280mA (typ), while the
USB input interface is automatically cut off. If both inputs are non-voltage input, the
circuit is automatically turned off, then the reverse leakage current of the battery is
less than 5uA, no external diode to prevent battery leakage losses occur.

When the battery voltage is lower than 3V, will enter 40mA charge current is limited
to a pre-charge mode (trickle charge state), only when the battery is charged to 3V
than when entering the normal charging mode (100mA or 280mA). This mode
protects the deep discharge battery. Figures 3 and 4 are used as the DC power
supply box curve USB interface input voltage and the charging current of the battery.

In addition, the MAX1551 ", / POK" is used to indicate the input power is turned on
(when the input voltage is 3.95V output low); while for MAX1555 ", / CHG" is used to
indicate the state of charge (when the charge current is greater than 50mA output
low).
2.3 Option III
It should be said, Option II is a safe, relatively comprehensive consideration of all
aspects of USB rechargeable lithium battery and perfect solution. The disadvantage
of this solution is that: the charging current is fixed at about 100mA or 280mA,
especially when the USB interface power supply, only the charging current of 100mA
for larger capacity batteries, charging takes quite a long time. Another disadvantage
is that there is no charge timer function, the charge can not be ended or not
artificially controlled. Figure 5 is another practical USB interface charging circuit
design using the LTC4053 as the core, while maintaining the advantages of the two
programs again to solve the above problems.

LTC4053 is Linear (Linear) has introduced a USB interface can be powered directly
from a lithium-ion battery termination constant current / constant voltage linear
charger IC with Independent Timing for 10-pin MSOP package. May consist of a
single lithium battery USB interface for charging directly, or you can allow the use of
a wall AC adapter as the power supply of DC power. Required input voltage range is
4.25V ~ 6.5V. Includes an on-chip power MOSFET. The most important feature of
this chip is that it allows designers to set their own charging current and charging
time, charging termination voltage already preset to 4.2V.
In Figure 5, the charging current by PROG LTC4053 (7) pin resistor R to the set,
which is calculated as: R = 1500V / ICHG, for example, to set the charging current is
500mA, then R = 1500V / 015A = 3k. The maximum charging current can be set to
1125A. Figure 6 is a graph of the charging current and battery voltage.

LTC4053's TIMER (4) capacitance C pin is used to set the charging time is calculated
as follows: T (h) = C (uF)? 3 / 011uF. When C = 011uF, the charging time of 3 hours.
This circuit has a similar program two pre-charge mode trickle charge mode and
battery-specific fault detection function: When the battery voltage is lower than
2.48V, with 10% of full scale current trickle charge; If this state lasts more than a
quarter of the total charge time is that the battery has been damaged and stop
charging cycle.
LTC4053 itself has a perfect temperature measurement and compensation
adjustment function that allows users to safely larger current charging thereby
greatly reducing the charging time, charging current and Figure 7 is a graph of the
ambient temperature. Similarly, when the LTC4053 no voltage input, the circuit can
automatically cut-off, the reverse leakage current is less than 5uA, no external diode
to prevent battery leakage, avoid battery depletion.

Conclusion
There is no doubt that in these three scenarios, features the third option is the most
perfect, the flexibility of its design application is also the biggest, but more pins, the
device cost of the chip may also be higher than other programs . In practice, we can
according to the actual situation of use, cost, etc. to choose different options to meet
different requirements. With the development of integrated circuit technology, the
constant introduction of new devices, we believe there will be more and better USB
charging scheme appears.
General Electronics Battery Co., Ltd. electric vehicle battery has been committed to
the development, production, for consumers to create a safe, environmentally
friendly batteries.
Contact : Benny , SALE , Gebattery , Tel. 86-755-81762725, 81762726, 8 1762727,
23315028, 2331308 or e-mail : sell (at) gebattery (dot) com (dot) cn.
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