Arc Hydro Tools Help - v1.0 Beta2

Online Help for Arc Hydro Tools
Version 1.0 Beta 2, May 2002

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May 2002 i
Table of Contents
WELCOME TO ARC HYDRO (VERSION 1.0 BETA 2)..........................................................................5
ARC HYDRO DATA MODEL......................................................................................................................6
A,-U ARC .Y?R- ?AA %-?E!...............................................................................................................L
NE+-RI......................................................................................................................................................8
About Network Components..........................................................................................................8
HydroNetwork..............................................................................................................................
Hydro!d"e....................................................................................................................................
Hydro#unction.............................................................................................................................$$
%chematic&ink.............................................................................................................................$'
%chematicNode............................................................................................................................$(
Hydro!)ent.................................................................................................................................$*
Hydro+oint!)ent.........................................................................................................................$,
Hydro&ine!)ent..........................................................................................................................$-
?RAINA>E...................................................................................................................................................17
About .raina"e Components.....................................................................................................$/
.raina"e+oint............................................................................................................................$8
.raina"e&ine.............................................................................................................................$
Catchment..................................................................................................................................'0
Watershed...................................................................................................................................''
Basin...........................................................................................................................................'(
C.ANNE!....................................................................................................................................................2"
About Channe1 Components..........................................................................................................',
+ro2i1e&ine.....................................................................................................................................'-
Cross%ection..................................................................................................................................'/
Cross%ection+oint..........................................................................................................................'8
May 2002 ii
.Y?R->RA6.Y...........................................................................................................................................29
About Hydro"raphy Components...............................................................................................'
HydroResponseUnit....................................................................................................................(0
.am.............................................................................................................................................(0
Brid"e.........................................................................................................................................($
%tructure......................................................................................................................................('
3onitorin"+oint.........................................................................................................................((
WaterWithdrawa1........................................................................................................................(*
Water.ischar"e..........................................................................................................................(,
User+oint....................................................................................................................................(-
Waterbody...................................................................................................................................(/
Hydro&ine...................................................................................................................................(8
I%E SERIES................................................................................................................................................A0
About 4ime %eries Components..................................................................................................*0
ARC HYDRO TOOLS................................................................................................................................42
A,-U ARC .Y?R- --!S........................................................................................................................A2
--!S -FERFIE+.......................................................................................................................................AA
Concepts.................................................................................................................................................**
.atabase .esi"n....................................................................................................................................*,
4a"s........................................................................................................................................................,0
ERRAIN 6RE6R-CESSIN>..........................................................................................................................."3
About 4errain +reprocessin"..................................................................................................................,(
.ata 3ana"ement 5 4errain +reprocessin"..........................................................................................,*
.!3 Reconditionin" 6A7R!!8.............................................................................................................,-
9i11 %inks.................................................................................................................................................,/
91ow .irection.......................................................................................................................................,8
91ow Accumu1ation................................................................................................................................,
%tream .e2inition...................................................................................................................................-0
%tream %e"mentation..............................................................................................................................-0
Catchment 7rid .e1ineation..................................................................................................................-$
Catchment +o1y"on +rocessin".............................................................................................................-$
.raina"e &ine +rocessin"......................................................................................................................-'
Ad:oint Catchment +rocessin"...............................................................................................................-(
.raina"e +oint +rocessin"....................................................................................................................-*
+AERS.E? 6R-CESSIN>...........................................................................................................................LL
About Watershed +rocessin"..................................................................................................................--
.ata 3ana"ement 5 Watershed +rocessin"...........................................................................................--
Batch Watershed .e1ineation.................................................................................................................-8
Batch %ubwatershed .e1ineation.........................................................................................................../0
.raina"e Area Centroid........................................................................................................................./0
May 2002 iii
&on"est 91ow +ath................................................................................................................................./$
ARI,UE --!S......................................................................................................................................73
About Attribute 4oo1s............................................................................................................................../(
.ata 3ana"ement 5 Attribute 4oo1s......................................................................................................./*
Assi"n HydroI......................................................................................................................................./,
7enerate 9rom;4o Node 2or &ines........................................................................................................./-
9ind Ne<t .ownstream &ine..................................................................................................................//
Ca1cu1ate &en"th .ownstream 2or !d"es............................................................................................../8
Ca1cu1ate &en"th .ownstream 2or #unctions........................................................................................./
9ind Ne<t .ownstream #unction............................................................................................................8$
%tore Area =ut1ets..................................................................................................................................8'
Conso1idate Attributes............................................................................................................................88
Accumu1ate Attributes............................................................................................................................88
NE+-RI --!S........................................................................................................................................89
About Network 4oo1s..............................................................................................................................8
.ata 3ana"ement 5 Network 4oo1s.......................................................................................................8
Hydro Network 7eneration....................................................................................................................0
Node;&ink %chema 7eneration..............................................................................................................(
%tore 91ow .irection..............................................................................................................................*
%et 91ow .irection.................................................................................................................................,
A6UI!IIES................................................................................................................................................97
About ApUti1ities..................................................................................................................................../
&ist 3aps................................................................................................................................................8
Add New 3ap.........................................................................................................................................8
%et 4ar"et &ocations...............................................................................................................................
>3& 3ana"er........................................................................................................................................
&oad;3er"e Con2i" >3&.....................................................................................................................$00
HydroI. 4ab1es 3ana"er....................................................................................................................$00
Arc Hydro He1p....................................................................................................................................$0$
,U-NS AN? --!S...............................................................................................................................102
About Buttons and 4oo1s......................................................................................................................$0'
91ow +ath 4racin"................................................................................................................................$0(
+oint .e1ineation.................................................................................................................................$0*
Batch +oint 7eneration........................................................................................................................$0,
Assi"n Re1ated Identi2ier......................................................................................................................$0-
71oba1 +oint .e1ineation.....................................................................................................................$0/
4race By Ne<t.ownI. Attribute..........................................................................................................$0
May 2002 iv
We!"#e $" A%! H&'%" ((e%)*"+ 1.0 Be$, 2)
Arc Hydro is an ArcGIS-based system geared to support water resources applications. It consists
of two ey components!
Arc Hydro "ata Model
Arc Hydro #ools
#$e Arc Hydro data model provides a basic database design for water resources. #$e Arc Hydro
#ools are a series of tools built on top of t$e Arc Hydro database t$at facilitates t$e analyses often
performed in t$e water resources area.
#$e data model and t$e tools provide a foundation for water resources applications in GIS t$at
can be built upon to meet t$e desired re%uirements. #$e Arc Hydro model and tools are designed
to be fle&ible and easy to customi'e.
May 2002 (
A%! H&'%" D,$, M"'e
A-".$ A%! H&'%" D,$, M"'e
#$e ArcGIS Hydro data model) often s$ortened to Arc Hydro) describes geospatial and temporal
data on surface water resource features of t$e landscape. #$e data model addresses t$ree
issues!
Hydro Description * +$at are t$e principal water resource features of t$e landscape,
Hydro Connectivity * How does water move from feature to feature,
Hydro Modelin * +$at are t$e time patterns of water flow and water %uality associated
wit$ t$ese features,
#$e ArcGIS Hydro data model describes only natural water systems) and does not support
constructed water infrastructure) for w$ic$ t$ere is a separate data model) Arc-M +ater.
Moreover) t$e model does not currently support features describing a%uatic geology)
geomorp$ology) and groundwater systems.
An Arc Hydro geodatabase consists of Hydro Features connected to Time Series. Hydro
-eatures describe t$e p$ysical environment t$roug$ w$ic$ water flows) and t$e #ime Series
describe t$e flow and water %uality properties of t$e water wit$in t$ose features. .very Hydro
-eature is uni%uely defined wit$in an Arc Hydro geodatabase by a HydroID) and associations are
formed between features by storing t$e HydroI" of one feature as an attribute of anot$er. #$ese
linages can be used to trace water movement from one feature to t$e ne&t) and also to associate
several different geospatial representation of t$e $ydrologic entity wit$ one anot$er. #ime series
are connected to Hydro -eatures by storing t$e HydroI" of t$e feature as an attribute of eac$
time series data value.
#$e Arc Hydro data model consists of five components! /etwor) "rainage) 0$annels)
Hydrograp$y and #ime Series!
#$e /etwor component contains a water resources networ of streams) rivers and t$e
centerlines of water bodies. Its main purpose is to describe t$e connectivity of water
movement t$roug$ t$e landscape.
#$e "rainage component defines drainage areas delineated t$roug$ analysis of land
surface topograp$y.
#$e 0$annel component describes t$e t$ree-dimensional s$ape of river and stream
c$annels.
#$e Hydrograp$y component contains base map information on point) line and area
water resource features.
#$e #ime Series component describes time varying water property of t$e features.
"etails on t$e data model are publis$ed in t$e +ater 1esources 2Hydro3 "ata Model) available at
May 2002 4
$ttp!55arconline.esri.com5arconline5datamodels5water.cfm or t$roug$ t$e +ater 1esources
0onsortium at .
May 2002 6
Ne$/"%0
A9o7t Network Co*/onents
#$e Network feature dataset describes t$e connectivity of water flow t$roug$ t$e landscape as a
water resources networ.
HydroNetwork is t$e principal feature class of t$is dataset! it is an ArcGIS geometric networ)
w$ose components are HydroEdges and HydroJunctions. +ater flows along HydroEdges) and
HydroEdges are connected by HydroJunctions. #$e Hydro /etwor describes flow t$roug$ rivers
and streams) and t$e centerlines of waterbodies.
SchematicNetwork) w$ic$ is composed of t$e SchematicLink and SchematicNode feature
classes are used to symboli'e t$e connection of drainage areas to Hydro7unctions) and to
provide a simplified view of water flow t$roug$ t$e landscape.
HydroEvents stores tabular information on points or lines associated by linear referencing wit$
t$e Hydro /etwor.
/etwor 0omponents
Hydro/etwor
Hydro.dge
Hydro7unction
Sc$ematic8in
Sc$ematic/ode
Hydro.vent
Hydro9oint.vent
Hydro8ine.vent
May 2002 :

.0droNetwork
Hydro/etwor is a geometric networ composed of t$e Hydro.dge and Hydro7unction feature
classes from t$e /etwor dataset. #$e networ can be created by using t$e 0ase #ool) in
Arc0atalog or wit$ t$e Arc Hydro #ools function Hydro /etwor Generation.
A geometric networ stores t$e connectivity between its features.
.0droEd3e
#$e HydroEdge feature class contains lines connected by ;unctions in t$e Hydro/etwor. #$e
Hydro.dge class is built as a 0omple&.dge-eature so t$at Hydro7unctions can be added to t$e
interior of Hydro.dges wit$out necessarily splitting t$e Hydro.dges. Hydro.dges are 9olylineM
features) w$ic$ means t$at t$eir vertices $ave 2&)y)m3 coordinates) w$ere m is t$e measure
location along t$e Hydro.dge.
HydroEdges are subtyped into flowlines and s$orelines. +ater can flow only along Flowlines and
not along Shorelines.
May 2002 <
Flowlines: single-line streams) centerlines of double-line streams) and centerlines of
waterbodies3
Shorelines 2i.e.) bans of double-line streams) s$orelines of inland waterbodies) or
coastlines of t$e sea or ocean3.

#$e HydroEdge 9olylineM 0omple& .dge feature class defines t$e following attributes!
HydroID * integer! A uni%ue feature identifier wit$in a geodatabase.
Hydroode * string! A permanent) public identifier of t$e Hydro -eature) or a uni%ue
identifier of a Hydro -eature among a set of Arc Hydro geodatabases.
!eachode * string! 1eac$ code. 0orresponds to t$e "rainI" in t$e "rainage8ine
feature class) referring to t$e "rainI" of t$e catc$ment w$ere t$e reac$ is located.
Name " string: #$e geograp$ic name of t$e feature.
Length#m * double! #$e lengt$ of t$e HydroEdge given in ilometers independent of t$e
map units. #$is is to ensure t$at w$en lengt$ is used as weig$t in networ solvers) a
realistic value is available) regardless of t$e map pro;ection of t$e data.
LengthDown * double! #$e distance from t$e downstream end of a Hydro.dge along t$e
s$ortest pat$ to t$e nearest networ sin 20alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for .dges3.
FlowDir * integer! #$is attribute is defined by t$e HydroFlowDirections 0oded =alue
"omain. It indicates t$e direction of flow along t$e HydroEdge. #$e 0oded =alues are!
>ninitiali'ed ? 0) +it$"igiti'ed ? @) Against"igiti'ed ? 2) and Indeterminate ? A) w$ere
+it$"igiti'ed means t$at t$e flow direction is in t$e same direction as t$e direction in
w$ic$ t$e Hydro.dge was digiti'ed) and Against"igiti'ed means t$e converse) w$ere
flow direction is opposite to t$e direction of digiti'ing of t$e Hydro.dge. #$e initial value
given is @.
FTy$e * string: "escribes t$e feature type of t$e Hydro.dge. #$is attribute can be
e&panded using a 0oded =alue "omain to represent feature types suc$ as /atural
May 2002 @0
0$annel) 0onstructed 0$annel) 9ipeline) 0onnector) Banline) S$oreline and 0oastline.
"efaults to Synt$etic 0$annel.
EdgeTy$e * Subtype 0oded =alue "omain 2Hydro.dge#ype3: "etermines if t$e
HydroEdge is a Flowline or a Shoreline wit$ an initial value of @. 0oded =alues are!
-lowline ? @ and S$oreline ? 2.
Ena%led * 0oded =alue "omain! #$is attribute is in$erited from t$e Network Feature
parent class of HydroEdge. 0oded =alues are! "isabled ? 0 and .nabled ? @. #$e initial
value is @. #$e .nabled attribute is used to disable portions of t$e stream $ydrograp$y
t$at appears in maps but are not needed to trace water movement t$roug$ t$e
landscape. It provides an alternative to deleting t$ese features from t$e Hydro /etwor.
.&amples are minor loops on streams) and isolated small c$annel reac$es t$at are
unconnected wit$ t$e rest of t$e Hydro /etwor. +$en a networ feature is disabled) it
acts as a barrier w$en t$e networ is traced and no flow can pass t$roug$ it.
Subtypes! -lowline and S$oreline
1elations$ips! /one
.0droC7n)t&on
#$e Hydro7unction class includes ;unctions between Hydro.dges and ot$er points t$at are vital
to a networ analysis) suc$ as outlet points for drainage areas and locations of stream gages or
ot$er point features. Hydro7unctions are points t$at stand for sources) sins) stream ;unctions
and ot$er relevant user-defined locations. Among t$e Hydro7unctions) sins play a significant
role in t$e analysis because eac$ feature in t$e networ drains to a single Sin.

#$e Hydro7unction Simple 7unction feature class defines t$e following attributes!
HydroID * integer! A uni%ue identifier wit$in a geodatabase.
Ne&tDownID * integer! Identifies t$e HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream Hydro7unction.
LengthDown * double! #$e distance downstream from t$e Hydro7unction along t$e
s$ortest pat$ to t$e nearest networ sin 20alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for 7unctions3.
May 2002 @@
Drain'rea * double! #$e total drainage area upstream of t$e Hydro7unction.
FTy$e * string! "escribes t$e feature type of t$e Hydro7unction. #$is attribute can be
e&panded using a 0oded =alue "omain to describe various ;unction feature types suc$
as Stream 0onfluence) "rainage Cutlet) Monitoring 9oint) "am) etc. 2/ull for beginning
of streams for t$e entire drainage area considered3.
Ena%led * oded (alue Domain! An Attribute in$erited from t$e /etwor -eature parent
class of Hydro7unction t$at indicates if t$e ;unction participates in t$e networ. 0oded
=alues are! "isabled ? 0 and .nabled ? @. Initial value ? @. If a ;unction is disabled) no
flow may pass t$roug$ it. A seleton Hydro /etwor of ;ust t$e main rivers and streams
can be identified by selecting a t$res$old "rainArea) and disabling all ;unctions $aving a
"rainArea smaller t$an t$e t$res$old value.
'ncillary!ole * oded (alue Domain! An Attribute in$erited from t$e 7unction -eature
parent class of Hydro7unction t$at describes t$e role of t$e ;unction in t$e networ.
0oded =alues are! /one ? 0) Source ? @) and Sin ? 2. Initial value is 0. +$en a
geometric networ is constructed) t$ose Hydro7unctions at t$e downstream outlets of t$e
networ must selected as sins and $ave t$eir Ancillary 1ole set to Sin or 2. #$e flow
direction on Hydro.dges is t$en assigned using t$e networ analyst tools) and additional
editing) if necessary) so as to allow flow towards t$ese sins.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! +aterbodyHas7unction is a @ to @ relations$ip between Hydro7unction 2using
HydroI"3 and +aterbody 2using 7unctionI"3D and +aters$ed$as7unction is a @ to @ relations$ip
between Hydro7unction 2using HydroI"3 and +aters$ed 2using 7unctionI"3.
S)4e*at&)!&nk
#$e Sc$ematic8in and Sc$ematic/ode classes toget$er mae up a Sc$ematic /etwor. A
sc$ematic networ can be drawn to connect ob;ects among several feature classes of t$e Arc
Hydro geodatabase to provide a simplified but more general type of connectivity among water
features t$an is provided by t$e Hydro /etwor. #$e Sc$ematic /etwor is made up of simple
point and line feature classes) but may be built into a geometric networ if t$e user desires. #$e
Sc$ematic /etwor is used to symboli'e t$e connection of drainage areas to t$e Hydro7unctions)
and to create a simplified view of water movement t$roug$ t$e landscape by means of straig$t-
line connections between selected ;unctions in t$e Hydro /etwor. #$e Sc$ematic /etwor uses
standard -rom/ode-#o/ode topology to describe its connectivity.
May 2002 @2

#$e Sc$ematic8in 9olyline feature class defines t$e following attributes!
HydroI" * integer! A uni%ue feature identifier wit$in a geodatabase.
Hydro0ode * string! A permanent) public identifier of t$e Hydro -eature) or a uni%ue
-rom/odeI" * integer! Indicates t$e HydroI" of t$e Sc$ematic/ode at t$e upstream
end of t$e 8in.
#o/odeI" * integer! Indicates t$e HydroI" of t$e Sc$ematic /ode at t$e downstream
end of t$e 8in.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /ode
S)4e*at&)Node
#$e Sc$ematic/ode 9oint feature class contains t$e points in a Sc$ematic /etwor) w$ic$ may
represent any feature wit$in an Arc Hydro geodatabase. #ypical types of Sc$ematic/odes are!
drainage area centroids) drainage area outlets) and stream confluences.
May 2002 @A

#$e Sc$ematic/ode 9oint feature class defines t$e following attributes!
HydroID * integer! A uni%ue feature identifier wit$in a geodatabase.
FeatureID * integer! HydroI" of t$e Hydro-eature from w$ic$ t$e node was created.
#$is enables t$e Sc$ematic/ode to connect to t$e attribute information of t$e feature it
describes. If necessary) a relations$ip can be built using t$ese attributes.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
.0droE2ent
#$e Hydro.vent abstract ob;ect class stores attributes and met$ods for events. In some networ
applications) it is desirable to specify t$e location of a point along t$e river not as a pair of
0artesian coordinates) but as an address on t$e networ) w$ic$ is called linear reference. #$is
address is given by t$e combination of a 1eac$0ode and a measure value on t$at reac$) suc$ as
t$e percent distance from t$e bottom end of t$e reac$ at w$ic$ t$e point is located. #$is is
analogous to specifying t$at a $ouse $as a street address of @2A Ca Ave.) rat$er t$an giving its
latitude and longitude. .vents are located using linear referencing and display tabular information
t$at is of interest to t$e user. A typical e&ample is a +astewater disc$arge event) w$ose
attributes mig$t include t$e volume of t$e disc$arge and its water %uality. As a default) it is
assumed t$at Hydro.vents are defined on t$e lines contained in t$e Hydro.dge feature class.
However) 9rofile8ine and 0rossSection also possess t$e 9olylineM geometry type necessary for
linear referencing of events) so Hydro.vents can be created on t$ose feature classes also.
May 2002 @E

#$e Hydro.vent abstract ob;ect class defines t$e following attributes!
1eac$0ode * string! #$e attribute t$at identifies t$e line on w$ic$ t$e measure is located.
#$is attribute can be c$anged to 1iver0ode if t$e measure is in river miles or ilometers
and events are defined on 9rofile8ines rat$er t$an Hydro.dges.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
.0dro6o&ntE2ent
Hydro9oint.vent is a point event) w$ic$ means a set of attributes attac$ed to a single location on
a line. Hydro9oint.vents can represent many t$ings as t$e user can imagine in relation to
natural water systems. Some e&amples are wastewater disc$arge points) >SGS gage stations)
and irrigation diversions.

#$e Hydro9oint.vent ob;ect class defines t$e following attribute!
!eachode * string! #$e attribute t$at identifies t$e line on w$ic$ t$e measure is located.
May 2002 @(
)easure * double! #$e measure of t$e location of t$e event as determined by linear
referencing.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
.0dro!&neE2ent
#$e Hydro8ine.vent) similar to Hydro9oint.vent) in$erits from t$e Hydro.vent ob;ect class and
$as a 1eac$0ode attribute to locate t$e event on a specific Hydro.dge. #$e -measure and
#measure attributes give t$e precise location of t$e event on t$e Hydro.dge. +$en a linear
event spans a group of reac$es) a separate Hydro8ine.vent ob;ect is needed for eac$ reac$.
ArcGIS does not e&plicitly support t$e concept of a grouped event) and if t$e user wants to create
suc$ a group) an additional attribute is needed on t$e Hydro8ine.vent indicating to w$ic$ group
t$e event belongs.

#$e Hydro8ine.vent ob;ect class $as t$e following attributes!
!eachode * string! #$e attribute t$at identifies t$e line on w$ic$ t$e measure is located.
F)easure * double! Measure location of t$e start of t$e line event.
T)easure * double! Measure location of t$e end of t$e line event.
*++set * double! Cffset distance of t$e event from t$e line defining its measures. #$is is
used to allow display of multiple line events on t$e same line wit$out $aving t$em
overlapping t$e map display. An e&ample mig$t be w$ere an economic analysis of flood
damage re%uires a damage reac$ defined on t$e left ban of t$e c$annel) and anot$er on
t$e rig$t ban.
Subtypes! /one
May 2002 @4
1elations$ips! /one
D%,*+,1e
A9o7t ?ra&na3e Co*/onents
#$e "rainage system of t$e landscape defines t$e direction of surface water flow according to
land surface topograp$y. "rainage divides defined by ridge lines separate t$e area draining to
one stream from t$e ad;acent areas draining to neig$boring streams.
Drainage Area is a generic term used wit$in t$e Arc Hydro data model to describe any feature
class describing suc$ drainage areas) and it is sub classed into Catchment) Watershed and
Basin) to describe specific types of drainage areas. Accurate drainage boundaries are essential
for $ydrologic modeling studies. "rainage boundaries may be delineated manually from a
topograp$ic map) digiti'ed from digital raster grap$ic map 2"1G3) or determined t$roug$ t$e use
of raster data from "igital .levations Models.
Drainage Lines are lines defining t$e drainage networ of t$e landscape. "rainage 8ines are
closely related to but not necessarily coincident wit$ t$e Hydro.dges in t$e Hydro /etwor.
Indeed) "rainage 8ines can be built into an e&cellent Hydro /etwor if a suitable mapped stream
networ is unavailable. "rainage 8ines may be defined during t$e terrain analysis using "igital
.levation Models by using t$e Arc Hydro #ools function "rainage 8ine 9rocessing.
Drainage Points are outlet points for t$e "rainage Areas on t$e "rainage 8ines.
#$e following "rainage 0omponents are described in more details!
"rainage 9oint
"rainage 8ine
0atc$ment
+aters$ed
Basin
May 2002 @6

?ra&na3e6o&nt
"rainage9oint is a subclass of "rainage-eature. A "rainage9oint represents t$e point at t$e
center of a "igital .levation Model cell at t$e most downstream location wit$in a "rainage Area.
#$e "rainage Area is associated wit$ its "rainage 9oint using t$e "rainI" attribute t$at bot$
class in$erit from t$e "rainage -eature class. "rainage 9oints are also nown as Seed 9oints)
Cutlet 9oints) or 9our 9oints of "rainage Area.
May 2002 @:

#$e "rainage9oint 9oint feature class defines t$e following attributes!
DrainID * integer! 9rovides a lin between point) line and area features of a drainage
system) and allows t$e vector features in t$e Arc Hydro data model to be lined
numerically to t$e raster cells used to create t$em in "igital .levation Model analysis.
.&amples include Grid0ode for ".M processing in t$e ArcGIS spatial analyst) and
integer e%uivalents of t$e 9faffstetter 0ode) Hydrologic >nit 0ode) and 1eac$0ode)
w$ic$ are standard $ydrologic descriptors of 0atc$ments) +aters$eds and 1eac$es)
respectively.
7unctionI" * integer! #$e HydroI" of t$e Hydro7unction associated wit$ t$is
"rainage9oint. #$is is t$e Hydro7unction) w$ic$ serves as t$e outlet of t$is "rainage
Area onto t$e Hydro /etwor.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
?ra&na3e!&ne
#$e "rainage8ine is t$e line t$roug$ t$e centers of t$e "igital .levation Model 2".M3 cells on a
drainage pat$. It is produced w$en t$e ".M-based drainage pat$s are vectori'ed.
"rainage9oints lie on "rainage8ines. If necessary) t$e "rainage8ines and "rainage9oints can
be built into a geometric networ and used as t$e Hydro /etwor for an Arc Hydro geodatabase.
May 2002 @<

#$e "rainage8ine 9olyline feature class defines t$e following attributes. #$e user can add
attributes as necessary.
respectively.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
Cat)4*ent
0atc$ment is a polygon subclass of "rainageArea. A 0atc$ment feature class is an elementary
drainage area produced by subdivision of t$e landscape using a consistent set of p$ysical rules.
#ypically) t$is subdivision is carried out by defining a stream networ from a t$res$old flow
accumulation on a "igital .levation Model) and t$en delineating a 0atc$ment for eac$ stream
segment in t$e networ.
May 2002 20

#$e 0atc$ment 9olygon feature class defines t$e following attributes. #$e user can add
respectively.
'reaS,#m * double! "rainage Area in s%uare ilometers. #$is is so t$at t$e eart$
surface area is nown for t$e "rainage Area regardless of t$e map pro;ection of t$e data.
JunctionID * integer! #$e HydroI" of t$e associated Hydro7unction) w$ic$ is t$e outlet on
t$e Hydro /etwor w$ere flow from t$is "rainage Area disc$arges to t$e stream or river
system.
Ne&tDownID * integer! #$e HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream area in t$is drainage area
class. #$is is used to support Area to Area navigation wit$in a set of drainage areas.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
May 2002 2@
+aters4ed
#$e +aters$ed feature class is a subclass of "rainage Area) w$ic$ contains a landscape
subdivision into $uman-selected drainage areas) w$ic$ may drain to a point on a river networ) to
a river segment or to a waterbody. By contrast to 0atc$ments) w$ic$ can be automatically
delineated using a set of rules applied to a terrain model) t$e definition of +aters$eds re%uires a
$uman intervention process) w$ere t$e analyst selects and edits t$e +aters$ed subdivision of t$e
landscape unit so t$at t$e desired arrangement is obtained.

#$e +aters$ed 9olygon feature class defines t$e following attributes. #$e user can add
respectively.
May 2002 22
system.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! +aters$ed$as7unction is a @ to @ relations$ip between Hydro7unction 2using
HydroI"3 and +aters$ed 2using 7unctionI"3.
,as&n
Basin is an administratively c$osen standardi'ed waters$ed used for reference and data
cataloging) usually named after t$e principal rivers and streams of a region. Basins may define
t$e geograp$ic e&tent of an Arc Hydro dataset) and t$us constitute standardi'ed waters$ed
template for data arc$iving and delivery. Basin is a polygon subclass of "rainageArea. Basins
usually contain sets of +aters$eds and 0atc$ments.
May 2002 2A

#$e Basin 9olygon feature class defines t$e following attributes. #$e user can add attributes as
necessary.
respectively.
system.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
May 2002 2E
C2,++e
A9o7t C4annel Co*/onents
#$e 0$annel feature dataset provides a t$ree-dimensional representation of t$e river and stream
c$annel s$ape) w$ic$ is used for studies of flood inundation) stream ecology and morp$ology.
#wo feature classes are defined under 0$annel feature 9rofile8ine and 0rossSection) and one
ob;ect class) 0rossSection9oint. 9rofile8ines are lines drawn parallel to t$e stream flow) suc$ as
t$e stream t$alweg line and banlines. 0rossSections are drawn transverse to t$e streamflow.
Bot$ feature classes are derived from t$e 0$annel-eature abstract class) w$ic$ is itself derived
from t$e Hydro-eature class. 0$annel information can be collected in t$e field using surveying
tec$ni%ues) or by e&tracting t$e data from digital terrain models 2"#Ms3 in t$e form of a
triangulated irregular networ 2#I/3) or digital elevation model 2".M3.
May 2002 2(
6ro'&le!&ne
A 9rofile8ine is a longitudinal view of a c$annel) using lines drawn parallel to t$e stream flow.
=arious types of 9rofile8ines can be drawn!
#$e #$alweg is t$e 9rofile8ine t$roug$ t$e lowest point of t$e stream c$annel at eac$
0rossSection.
Banlines s$ow t$e intersection of t$e water surface and t$e land surface on eac$ side of
t$e c$annel.
-loodlines can be drawn in t$e flood plain to symboli'e t$e main direction of water flow
w$en t$e flood plain is inundated.
Streamlines can be drawn anyw$ere in a water flow) for e&ample to depict t$e water
surface profile for a particular design disc$arge in t$e c$annel.
#ypically) t$e representative 9rofile8ine is t$e c$annel t$alweg. #$alwegs and ban lines can be
digiti'ed from $ig$ resolution digital ort$ograp$ic p$otos or maps) or manually surveyed. As wit$
t$e 0rossSection feature class) t$e 9rofile8ine feature class is a A-" 9olylineM class) w$ic$
means t$at its vertices $ave 2&)y)')m3 coordinates. In t$is case) t$e m-coordinate is t$e 9rofileM
or measure value suc$ as river mile or ilometer) or stationing or c$ainage in feet or meters from
some upstream or downstream reference point on t$e c$annel.

#$e 9rofile8ine A-" 9olylineM feature class defines t$e following attributes!
-#ype * string! A descriptor specifying t$e type of feature represented by a 9rofile8ine.
9ossible values are #$alweg) banline) floodline or streamline. If necessary) t$ese
values can be specified as coded value domain) and used to subtype t$e 9rofile8ine
features.
9rofCrigin * string! "escribes t$e origin of t$e data used to form t$e 9rofile8ine.
May 2002 24
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
CrossSe)t&on
A 0rossSection in ArcGIS is a A-" 9olylineM feature) w$ere eac$ verte& in t$e line is defined by
four coordinates! &) y) ') m. #$e 2&)y3 coordinates give t$e location of t$e verte& in t$e $ori'ontal
plane) ' represents t$e elevation above a vertical datum) and m is t$e 0rossSection measure
20rossM3) or distance along t$e 0rossSection in t$e 2&)y3 plane.

#$e 0rossSection A-" 9olylineM feature class defines t$e following attributes!
0S0ode * string! #$is is a user defined cross section identifier t$at is uni%ue for eac$
cross section) usually formed as t$e concatenation of t$e river) reac$) and 9rofile8ine
measure value e.g. F+aller 0ree) Middle -or) @A2.AF
7unctionI" * integer! t$e HydroI" of t$e Hydro7unction at t$e e%uivalent $ydrologic
location to t$is 0rossSection. #$is attribute is provided so t$at t$e 0rossSections can be
related to t$e corresponding location on t$e Hydro /etwor for purposes of lining
$ydrologic and $ydraulic modeling of water flows
May 2002 26
CrossSe)t&on6o&nt
#$e 0rossSection9oint ob;ect class stores cross-sectional point data) and by means of 0S0ode)
can be associated wit$ a 0rossSection feature. +$ile a single cross-sectional line represents t$e
location of a cross section) several cross section points 2a one-to-many relations$ip e&ists
between 0rossSection feature line and 0rossSection9oints3 allow for a geometric description of
t$e c$annel. If t$e cross section geometry is stored as 0rossSection9oints) t$e elevation 2'3 and
measure 2m3 field values of a 0rossSection feature line s$ould be set to /a/ 2not a number3 to
avoid confusion.

#$e 0rossSection9oint ob;ect class defines t$e following attributes!
Sode * string! A user-defined cross section identifier t$at is uni%ue for eac$ cross
section.
ross) * double! #$e measure) or m value) in feet or meters or percent distance) of a
0ross Section 9oint along a cross section for w$ic$ elevation values are nown.
Ele-ation * double! Stores t$e elevation) or value) of a 0rossSection9oint above a
vertical datum.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! 0rossSectionHas9oints is a one-to-many relations$ip between 0rossSection
2using 0S0ode3 and 0rossSection9oint 2using 0S0ode3.
May 2002 2:
H&'%"1%,32&
A9o7t .0dro3ra/40 Co*/onents
#$e Hydrograp$y feature dataset contains t$e map representation of t$e surface water features.
It contains several inds of simple point) line and area features!
Hydro9oint) Hydro8ine and HydroArea features w$ic$ are derived from t$e Fblue linesF or
$ydrograp$y layer of topograp$y maps
+aterbody features) suc$ as laes) bays and estuaries
9oint features derived from tabular data inventories) suc$ as dams) bridges) structures)
monitoring points 2gages and sampling points3) points of water wit$drawal and water
disc$arge) and user points for any ot$er purpose. #$e latitude and longitude attributes of
t$ese tabular data inventories are used to define t$e location of t$e point features.
Hydro1esponse>nit features w$ic$ describe t$e $ydrologic c$aracter of t$e land surface
from t$e viewpoint of t$e partitioning of surface water balance accounting.

May 2002 2<
.0droRes/onseUn&t
Hydro1esponse>nit describes t$e $ydrologic c$aracter of t$e land surface for surface water
balance accounting. #ypically) Hydro1esponse>nits are formed by t$e intersection of soil and
land cover polygons) but t$ese units may also be defined by climate cells) administrative or
drainage basin boundaries) and a%uifer boundaries. .ac$ Hydro1esponse>nit is considered to
$ave uniform and representative properties to describe t$e partitioning at t$e land surface of
precipitation into runoff) evaporation and infiltration.

#$e Hydro1esponse>nit 9olygon feature class defines t$e following attribute!
AreaS%Gm * double! #$e area calculated in s%uare ilometers independent of map units.
#$is attribute is included so t$at regardless of t$e map pro;ection) t$e eart$ surface area
is nown for eac$ unit to permit correct computation of t$e surface water balance.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
?a*
A dam is a structure t$at creates an artificial lae) or reservoir) by blocing a river or stream.
"ams may $arness t$e energy of falling water or provide flood control. #$ey also store water for
municipal water supply and crop irrigation) raise t$e water level to allow for navigation) and divert
water into a pipe or c$annel. "ams are suc$ important structures t$at it is common for t$em to
be described by a tabular data inventory containing t$e latitude and longitude) from w$ic$ t$e
point feature can be created.
May 2002 A0

#$e "am 9oint feature class does not define any additional attributes. "ams are comple& ob;ects
t$at typically $ave many descriptive attributes. #$e user can add t$ese as necessary.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
,r&d3e
A bridge is a structure t$at allows passage over an obstacle. Bridges carry railroad lines)
$ig$ways) and pat$ways over water and deep gorges. Bridges impede water flow by narrowing
t$e stream cross-sectional area) w$ic$ increases t$e water surface elevation and produces
bacwater effects upstream of t$e bridge. Information on bridge features is also maintained as
part of t$e transportation networ) and a simple definition of bridge locations is t$e set of points
created by t$e intersection of t$e transportation and stream networs. A culvert is a road
conveyance over a stream formed by a set of pipes inserted into t$e road embanment. A bridge
differs from a culvert in t$at it is a formal structure crossing t$e stream) and connected to road
embanments at bot$ ends of t$e structure. In t$e Arc Hydro data model) culverts are considered
a subset of bridges) and t$e -#ype attribute in$erited from t$e Hydrograp$y abstract feature class
can be used to distinguis$ bridges and culverts) or different types of bridges) if necessary.
May 2002 A@

#$e Bridge 9oint feature class does not define any additional attributes.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
Str7)t7re
#$e Structure class contains any ot$er ind of water resource structure t$at is not represented by
"am or Bridge classes. Structures c$ange t$e $ydraulic properties of t$e flow t$oug$ t$e
networ by t$eir presence. #ypical e&amples of structures include detention ponds on small
streams) levees designed to $old bac floodwaters) and weirs. #$ese can be also natural
features lie waterfalls if t$ey $ave significant effect on t$e $ydraulic properties of t$e networ.
#$e Structure class can also be used to describe buildings and ot$er p$ysical structures in t$e
flood plain for purposes of economic analysis of t$e effects of flood damage.
May 2002 A2

#$e Structure 9oint feature class does not define any additional attributes.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
%on&tor&n36o&nt
Monitoring points are intended to store t$e locations of gages t$at measure water %uantity or
%uality) and may $ave time series associated wit$ t$em for analysis purposes. Monitoring points
may also be subtypes or subclassed by t$e user. .&amples of monitoring points include water
%uality monitoring stations) stream gage stations) rain gage stations) and any ot$er type of fi&ed-
location data collection points.
May 2002 AA

#$e Monitoring9oint feature class does not define any additional attributes) alt$oug$ typically
t$ere are many suc$ attributes) including t$e name of t$e agency maintaining t$e monitoring site.
#$e user can add suc$ attributes as necessary.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
+ater+&t4drawal
#$e +ater+it$drawal feature class represents points at w$ic$ flow is diverted or pumped from
surface water systems) or pumped from a%uifers t$roug$ groundwater wells. #$e point locations
and associated flow data are maintained by government agencies t$at issue water rig$ts) or t$e
legal aut$ority for individuals or institutions to wit$draw water from natural water systems. #$ese
points are significant because t$ey represent an interface between t$e $uman use of water and
t$e natural water systems) and t$ey are important in computing t$e water balance.
May 2002 AE

#$e +ater+it$drawal 9oint feature class does not define any additional attributes.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
+ater?&s)4ar3e
+ater disc$arge points add flow to t$e stream networ. "ata on water disc$arge points is
maintained by government agencies issuing permits for suc$ disc$arges. +ater can be
disc$arged from wastewater treatment plants) by return flow from irrigation systems) or ot$er
sources. #ypically) water disc$arges degrade t$e %uality of t$e receiving waters) so t$ese points
are important for computing t$e water balance and water %uality of natural water systems.
May 2002 A(

#$e +ater"isc$arge 9oint feature class does not define any additional attributes.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
User6o&nt
#$e >ser9oint class contains any points of interest not described by ot$er point $ydrograp$y
feature classes. >ser points may include locations w$ere rivers cross a%uifer) political or
administrative boundaries) or define ma;or confluence points on t$e river networ. #$e >ser9oint
class is a good place to load large data sets of various inds of points so t$at after application of
t$e Arc Hydro sc$ema) t$e points can be organi'ed and e&ported to ot$er classes as appropriate.
May 2002 A4

#$e >ser9oint feature class does not define any additional attributes.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
+ater9od0
#$e +aterbody class is subclass of HydroArea) w$ic$ represents water bodies suc$ as laes)
bays and estuaries. #$e distinction between t$e +aterbody and HydroArea feature classes is
t$at a waterbody may be a very comple& spatial feature wit$ many islands) and even components
water bodies. #$e +aterbody feature class provides a generali'ed representation of
waterbodies) for w$ic$ additional detail is contained in t$e HydroArea class) if necessary.
May 2002 A6

#$e +aterbody 9olygon feature class defines t$e following attributes!
AreaS%Gm * double! #$e waterbody area calculated in s%uare ilometers independent of
map units.
7unctionI" * integer! HydroI" of t$e Hydro7unction) w$ic$ is t$e outlet of t$is waterbody.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! +aterbody$as7unction is a @ to @ relations$ip between Hydro7unction 2using
HydroI"3 and +aterbody 2using 7unctionI"3.
.0dro!&ne
#$e Hydro8ine class is designed to contain line features t$at are important for t$e cartograp$ic
representation of t$e area of study and are no contained in t$e Hydro /etwor. Some e&amples
of $ydrograp$ic lines are natural streams and rivers) manmade canals or ditc$es) pipelines t$at
carry water underground) connectors t$at are used w$en t$e original data $ad some obstruction
covering t$e $ydrologic feature) and artificial pat$s w$ic$ represent t$e centerlines of laes and
ot$er water bodies. Isolated ponds and laes w$ic$ are not part of t$e river networ) s$orelines)
islands boundaries) no wae 'ones) swimming and recreation areas) roads) county and state
boundary lines) ;urisdictional boundaries for river aut$orities) and city limits are all mared off by
lines w$ic$ are important for cartograp$y. #$ey serve to provide a spatial reference for viewers of
May 2002 A:
t$e data and so are necessary in t$e model. #$ese types of lines are stored in t$e Hydrograp$y
subclass Hydro8ine. A subset of t$e above features may be built into t$e Hydro /etwor) in
w$ic$ case t$ese features s$ould be deleted from t$e Hydro8ine feature class to avoid duplicate
representation of t$e same features.

#$e Hydro8ine 9olyline feature class does not define any additional attributes.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one
May 2002 A<
T*#e Se%*e)
A9o7t &*e Ser&es Co*/onents
#$e geospatial feature of t$e Arc Hydro data model describe t$e water environment) t$at is) t$e
p$ysical environment t$roug$ w$ic$ water flows. Also important are t$e water properties at any
geograp$ic location! its disc$arge) water surface elevation) and water %uality. #$ese properties
are contained in t$e #imeSeries component of t$e data model. At present) t$is component
consists of a single ob;ect representing time series in a very generali'ed way. Any number of
time series data of any type describing any Arc Hydro feature can be stored in t$is ob;ect. ArcGIS
version :.@ does not $ave functions specifically designed to support manipulation of time series
so full implementation of time series re%uires custom coding of a time series toolset operating on
top of t$e Arc Hydro data model. A time series connected to a spatial feature can be t$oug$t of
as a time-varying attribute value of t$at feature. +it$in t$e geodatabase) time series data are
treated lie any ot$er tabular data. It s$ould be noted t$at t$is #imeSeries ob;ect e&ists to
connect temporal and geospatial water resources data in a single geodatabase. It is not intended
to be a fully configured water resources time series database) w$ic$ re%uires a more complicated
structure t$an t$e one described $ere.

#$e #imeSeries ob;ect class defines four attributes!
-eatureI" * integer! #$e HydroI" of t$e Hydro-eature described by a time series.
#S#ype * string! #$e type of time series data 2suc$ as precipitation) streamflow or
evaporation3.
#S"ate#ime * datetime! #$e date and time of t$e beginning of t$e time interval for w$ic$
t$e #S=alue applies. #$e format is HHHH-MM-"" $$!mm!ss.sss #I w$ere!
o HHHH! E-digit year
o MM! mont$ 20@ to @23
o ""! day 20@ to A@3
o $$! $our 200 to 2A3
o mm! minutes 200 to (<3
o ss.sss! seconds wit$ milliseconds 200.000 to (<.<<<3
May 2002 E0
o #I! time 'one) w$ic$ can be local time 'one) or ISC format 2J0:00) -0(00) etc.3
#S=alue * double! actual time series data value.
Subtypes! /one
1elations$ips! /one. A relations$ip can be built between t$e feature and t$e time series
associated wit$ t$at feature if necessary.
May 2002 E@
A%! H&'%" T"")
A-".$ A%! H&'%" T"")
#$e Arc Hydro tools are a set of public domain utilities developed on top of t$e Arc Hydro data
model. #$ey operate in t$e ArcGIS environment. Some of t$e functions re%uire t$e Spatial and
A" Analyst e&tensions.
#$e tools are accessed t$roug$ t$e Arc Hydro #ools toolbar) w$ere t$ey are grouped by functions
into five menus) and si& buttons.

#errain 9reprocessing! functions dealing wit$ "igital .levation Model 2".M3 processing.
#$ey are mostly used once in order to prepare spatial information for later use.
+aters$ed 9rocessing! functions dealing wit$ waters$ed and subwaters$ed delineation)
and basin c$aracteristic determination. #$ey operate on top of t$e spatial data prepared
in t$e terrain preprocessing stage.
Attribute #ools! functions allowing to generate ey attributes 2fields3 in t$e Arc Hydro data
model. Some of t$e tools re%uire t$e e&istence of a geometric networ.
/etwor #ools! functions allowing to generate or manipulate properties of geometric
2$ydro3 networ.
Ap>tilities! functions allowing to manage Arc Hydro pro;ect properties. In general) t$ey
will be seldom used.
Buttons and #ools

o -low 9at$ #racing
o 9oint "elineation
o Batc$ 9oint Generation
o Assign 1elated Identifier
o Global 9oint "elineation
o #race By /e&t"ownI" Attribute
#$e tools $ave two ey purposes. #$e first purpose is to manipulate 2assign3 ey attributes in t$e
Arc Hydro data model. #$ese attributes form t$e basis for furt$er analyses. #$ey include t$e ey
May 2002 E2
identifiers 2suc$ as HydroI") "rainI") /e&t"ownI") etc.3 and t$e measure attributes 2suc$ as
8engt$"own3. #$e second purpose for t$e tools is to provide some core functionality often used
in water resources applications. #$is includes ".M-based waters$ed delineation) networ
generation) and attribute-based tracing.
#$e functionality of Arc Hydro tools is e&pected to grow over time. #$ey $ave been implemented
in a way t$at allows easy addition to t$eir functionality) eit$er internally 2by adding additional
code3 or e&ternally) by providing additional functionality using ey Arc Hydro data structures.
May 2002 EA
T"") O(e%(*e/
Con)e/ts
#$e Arc Hydro tools are based on t$e following concepts!
Map
KM8 "ocument
#ag
#arget 8ocation
Map! A map is a synonym for data frame. Arc Hydro operates in t$e active map t$at is s$own in
bold in t$e ArcMap #able of 0ontents! only layers belonging to t$is map may be used as inputs.
8imitation! Arc Hydro does not support a map5data frame) w$ose name contains space2s3 unless
it was created using t$e function Ap>tilitiesLAdd /ew Map.
Ta! Arc Hydro uses tags to pass t$e inputs) i.e. t$e layers associated to t$e tags) to t$e
functions. #ags are assigned to t$e selected layers w$en t$e functions run. #$ey may also be
assigned) reassigned) or reset 2set to /ull3 wit$ t$e "ata Management functions.
#ags assignment are specific to a data frame5map! t$e "ata Management functions manage t$e
layers5tags for t$e active data frame only. #ags mae it possible to start from any function as long
as t$e input layers meet all t$e re%uirements for t$e function. #$ese re%uirements are detailed in
t$e $elp topics associated to eac$ function.
!M" doc#$ent! a default KM8 document is associated wit$ t$e Arc Hydro #ools * t$is document
is called ArcHydro#ools.&ml. +$en a new map document containing t$e Arc Hydro tools is
created) a KM8 is automatically associated wit$ t$is new map document. It contains default
configuration parameters) and will be updated as t$e tools are used to reflect t$e userMs
configuration.
#$is file is not saved e&plicitly on dis) but is part of t$e map document. #$is KM8 may be
displayed and edited using t$e KM8 Manager.
Taret "ocation! t$e outputs to t$e functions are created in default target locations) w$ic$ may
be modified using t$e function Ap>tilitiesLSet #arget 8ocations. Information on t$e default
locations is available in t$e $elp topic associated to t$at function.
May 2002 EE
?ata9ase ?es&3n
#$e following t$emes are used by Arc Hydro.
%&'Ds
D(M %rid
(alue! .levation of t$e cell of t$e ".M from a defined datum.
ount! /umber of cells in t$e Grid wit$ t$at value item.
AreeD(M %rid 2".M 1econditioning3
(alue! .levation of t$e cell of t$e ".M processed by t$e AG1.. met$od.
HydroD(M %rid 2-ill Sins3
(alue! .levation of t$e cell from a filled ".M.
)lo*Dir%rid 2-low "irection3
(alue! "irection of t$e steepest descent from t$at cell according to t$e ": met$od.
)lo*Acc%rid 2-low Accumulation3
(alue! /umber of cells flowing into t$at particular cell.
+trea$ %rid 2Stream "efinition3
(alue! M@N for t$e cells in t$e input -low Accumulation Grid t$at $ave a value greater
t$an t$e t$res$old used to define t$e streams. All ot$er cells in t$e stream Grid contain no data.
ount! /umber of cells in t$e Grid belonging to t$e identified streams.
"in,%rid 2Stream Segmentation3
(alue! #$e value in eac$ cell in a segment between t$e segment ;unctions or in $ead
segments represents a uni%ue Grid code) and all t$e cells in t$at particular segment $ave t$at
same Grid code.
May 2002 E(
Catc-$ent%rid 20atc$ment Grid "elineation3
(alue! #$e value in eac$ catc$ment is t$e value of t$e stream lin in t$e 8in Grid into
w$ic$ t$e catc$ment drains.
Vector )eat#re Classes
Catc-$ent 20atc$ment 9olygon 9rocessing3
.!ID*DE * "ouble! Alias of Grid0ode generated by t$e application during t$e
conversion from 0atc$ment Grid into 0atc$ment polygon. G1I"0C". is t$e M=alueN of t$e
corresponding 0atc$ment Grid.
Sha$e/Length * "ouble! 9erimeter in map units.
Sha$e/'rea * "ouble! Area in map units.
.ridID * 8ong! Grid0ode of t$e corresponding 0atc$ment Grid.
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier in t$e Hydro database. System generated.
DrainID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier 2HydroI"3 of t$e drainage area lined to t$e feature.
In t$is particular case) 0atc$ment being a drainage area) same as HydroI" 2field may be
created empty by Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing 3.
Ne&tDownID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream catc$ment 2field may be created
empty by "rainage 8ine 9rocessing if t$e 0atc$ment tag is set) created5populated by Ad;oint
0atc$ment 9rocessing or Hydro /etwor Generation3.
JunctionID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e ;unction t$at serves as t$e outlet for t$e catc$ment
2field may be created empty by "rainage 8ine 9rocessing )if t$e 0atc$ment tag is set) or by
Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing ) created5populated by Hydro /etwor Generation or Store Area
Cutlets3.
Drainae"ine 2"rainage 8ine 9rocessing3
'!ID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e drainage line segment in t$e feature class.
.!ID/*DE * 8ong! Grid code of t$e catc$ment t$e drainage line segment belongs to.
F!*)/N*DE * 8ong! -rom /ode for t$e drainage line segment.
T*/N*DE * 8ong! #o /ode for t$e drainage line segment.
Sha$e/Length * "ouble! 8engt$ of t$e river segment in map units.
.ridID * 8ong! Grid code of t$e catc$ment t$e drainage line segment belongs to.
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier in t$e Hydro database.
Ne&tDownID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream drainage line. 9opulated wit$ F-
@F if t$ere is no ne&t downstream line.
May 2002 E4
DrainID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e catc$ment w$ere t$e drainage line is located. 9opulated
wit$ F-<F if t$ere is no associated catc$ment 2created by Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing3.
Ad.ointCatc-$ent 2Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing3
S$apeN8engt$ * "ouble! 9erimeter in map units.
S$apeNArea * "ouble! Area in map units.
.ridID * 8ong! GridI" of t$e catc$ment located downstream from t$e Ad;oint
catc$ment.
Drainae/oint 2"rainage 9oint 9rocessing3
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier in t$e Hydro database. System generated.
DrainID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e catc$ment draining to t$is drainage point. 9opulated
wit$ F-<F if t$ere is no associated catc$ment 2created empty) created5populated by Hydro
/etwor Generation3.
.ridID * 8ong! GridI" of t$e catc$ment draining to t$e point.
JunctionID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e Hydro 7unction corresponding to t$e "rainage 9oint.
Cne Hydro 7unction may correspond to several "rainage 9oints 2created by Hydro /etwor
Generation3.
Batc-/oint 2Batc$ 9oint Generation3
Name * String 22(3! /ame of t$e batc$ point.
Descri$tion * String 22(3! "escription of t$e batc$ point.
0atchDone * S$ort! Indicates w$et$er t$e Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation was performed!
o M0N "elineation not performed
o M@N "elineation already performed
o M-@N "elineation failed
Sna$*n * S$ort! Indicates w$et$er t$e point is to be snapped during t$e Batc$
+aters$ed "elineation.
o M0N! do not snap
o M@N! snap
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e Batc$ 9oint in t$e Arc Hydro database.
0aters-ed 2Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation3
DrainID * 8ong! Same as HydroI") since waters$ed is a drainage area.
Name * String 22(3! /ame retrieved from t$e Batc$ 9oint input layer.
omment * String 22(3! 0omments retrieved from t$e Batc$ 9oint input layer.
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e waters$ed in t$e Hydro database.
May 2002 E6
0aters-ed/oint 2Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation3
DrainID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e associated waters$ed.
Name * String 22(3! /ame retrieved from t$e Batc$ 9oint input layer.
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e waters$ed point in t$e Hydro database.
+#b0aters-ed 2Batc$ Subwaters$ed "elineation3
.!ID*DE * 8ong! I" of t$e Batc$ 9oint used to generate t$e waters$ed.
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e subwaters$ed in t$e Hydro database.
DrainID * 8ong! Same as HydroI" since subwaters$ed is a drainage area.
Centroid 2"rainage Area 0entroid3
DrainID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e drainage area associated wit$ t$e centroid.
"onest)lo*/at- 28ongest -low 9at$3
DrainID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e drainage area associated wit$ t$e centroid.
Hydro(de 2Hydro /etwor Generation3
S$apeN8engt$ * "ouble! 8engt$ of t$e edge feature in map units.
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e Hydro.dge in t$e Hydro database.
!eachode * 8ong! 1eac$ code. 0orrespond to t$e "rainI" in t$e "rainage8ine
feature class) referring to t$e "rainI" of t$e catc$ment w$ere t$e reac$ is located.
FlowDir * S$ort! -low direction for t$e edge. "efaults to +it$"igiti'ed flow direction.
FTy$e * String 22(3! -eature #ype. "efaults to Synt$etic 0$annel.
EdgeTy$e * S$ort! #ype of .dge. Available values are -lowline and S$oreline. "efault
to -lowline.
Ena%led * S$ort! Indicates w$et$er t$e feature is enabled 2#rue3 or disabled 2-alse3 in
t$e geometric networ. A feature t$at is disabled in t$e networ acts as a barrier w$en t$e
networ is traced.
LengthDown * "ouble! 8engt$ from t$e edge to t$e downstream sin t$e edge flows to
20alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for .dges3.
Hydro1#nction 2Hydro /etwor Generation3
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e Hydro7unction in t$e Hydro database.
Ne&tDownID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream Hydro7unction.
May 2002 E:
FTy$e * String 22(3! -eature type of t$e Hydro7unction! Stream 0onfluence) "rainage
Cutlet) /ull for beginning of streams 2for t$e entire drainage area considered3.
Ena%led * S$ort! Indicate w$et$er t$e feature is enabled 2#rue3 or disabled 2-alse3 in
t$e geometric networ. A feature t$at is disabled in t$e networ acts as a barrier w$en t$e
networ is traced.
'ncillary!ole * S$ort! Specify w$et$er t$e feature represents a source) sin or neit$er.
>sed to calculate t$e flow direction in t$e geometric networ 2@! Source) 2! Sin 2"rainage
Cutlet3) 0! /one3.
LengthDown * "ouble! 8engt$ from t$e ;unction to t$e downstream sin t$e ;unction
flows to 20alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for 7unctions3.
+c-e$a"in, 2/ode58in Sc$ema Generation3
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e Sc$ema 8in in t$e Hydro database.
FromNodeID * 8ong! Hydroid of t$e Sc$ema /ode at t$e upstream end of t$e Sc$ema
8in.
ToNodeID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e Sc$ema /ode at t$e downstream end of t$e Sc$ema
8in.
LinkTy$e * S$ort! @ for +aters$ed lin) 2 for 7unction lin.
+c-e$a2ode 2/ode58in Sc$ema Generation3
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e Sc$ema /ode in t$e Hydro database.
FeatureID * 8ong! HydroI" of t$e Hydro-eature from w$ic$ t$e node was created. #$is
enables t$e sc$ematic node to connect to t$e attribute information of t$e feature it describes. If
necessary) a relations$ip can be built using t$ese attributes
SrcTy$e * S$ort! Source #ype! @ for +aters$ed) 2 for 7unction.
%lobal0aters-ed 2Global 9oint "elineation3
DrainID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier 2HydroI"3 of t$e drainage area lined to t$e feature.
In t$is particular case) Global+aters$ed being a drainage area) same as HydroI".
Name * String 22(3! /ame entered by t$e user during t$e delineation.
omment * String 22(3! 0omments about t$e global waters$ed.
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e Global+aters$ed in t$e Hydro database.
%lobal0aters-ed/oint 2Global 9oint "elineation3
DrainID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier 2HydroI"3 of t$e drainage area 2Global+aters$ed3
lined to t$e feature.
Name * String 22(3! /ame entered by t$e user during t$e delineation.
HydroID * 8ong! >ni%ue identifier of t$e Global+aters$ed9oint in t$e Hydro database.
May 2002 E<
a3s
#ags are FnamesF associated wit$ t$emes t$at identify t$e role of t$e t$eme in t$e application.
+$en Arc Hydro is looing for a data source to be used for a particular function it loos for a tag
and not a t$eme name. Cnce t$e tag is found) t$e t$eme associated wit$ t$at tag is identified
and passed on to t$e function. #$is allows fle&ibility in t$eme naming as t$e t$eme names can be
fully user defined 2but t$e tags are not3 and c$anged at any time wit$out affecting t$e application
performance.
A layer may $ave several roles 2and $ence associated tags3) but a tag can $ave one and only one
associated layer. #$e following table describes t$e tags5roles used by t$e Arc Hydro tools.
Ta Type O#tp#t fro$ 'np#t to
Agree 0atc$ment 9olygon Ad;oint 0atc$ment
9rocessing
Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
9oint "elineation
Agree ".M Grid ".M 1econditioning
Agree Stream 8ine ".M 1econditioning
Area 9olygon Store Area Cutlets
Batc$ 9oint 9oint Batc$ 9oint Generation Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
0atalog >nit .dge .dge Global 9oint "elineation
0atalog >nit
7unction
7unction Global 9oint "elineation
0atalog >nit
9olygon
9olygon Global 9oint "elineation
0atc$ment 9olygon 0atc$ment 9olygon
9rocessing
Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing
Hydro /etwor Generation
9oint "elineation
0atc$ment Grid Grid 0atc$ment Grid "elineation 0atc$ment 9olygon 9rocessing
May 2002 (0
"rainage 9oint 9rocessing
0entroid 9oint "rainage Area 0entroid
".M Grid -ill Sins
"rainage Area "rainage Area 0entroid
8ongest -low 9at$
"rainage 8ine 8ine "rainage 8ine 9rocessing Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing
"rainage 9oint 9oint "rainage 9oint 9rocessing Store Area Cutlets
-low Accumulation
Grid
Grid -low Accumulation Stream "efinition
-low "irection Grid Grid -low "irection -low Accumulation
Stream Segmentation
0atc$ment Grid "elineation
"rainage 8ine 9rocessing
Batc$ Subwaters$ed "elineation
8ongest -low 9at$
-low 9at$ #racing
9oint "elineation
Global +aters$ed
9oint
9oint Global 9oint "elineation
Global +aters$ed
9oint
9oint Global 9oint "elineation
Hydro ".M Grid -ill Sins -low "irection
Hydro .dge .dge Hydro /etwor Generation 0alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for
.dges
Store -low "irection
Set -low "irection
Hydro 7unction 7unction Hydro /etwor Generation 0alculate .dge "ownstream for
7unctions
May 2002 (@
-ind /e&t "ownstream 7unction
Store Area Cutlets
7unctions 7unction /ode58in Sc$ema Generation
8ine 8ine Generate -rom5#o /ode for 8ine
-ind /e&t "ownstream 8ine
8in Grid Grid Stream Segmentation 0atc$ment Grid "elineation
8ongest -low 9at$ 8ine 8ongest -low 9at$
1aw ".M Grid ".M 1econditioning
Sc$ema 8in 8ine /ode58in Sc$ema
Generation
Sc$ema /ode 9oint /ode58in Sc$ema
Generation
Stream Grid Grid Stream "efinition Stream Segmentation
9oint "elineation
Subwaters$ed 9olygon Batc$ Subwaters$ed
"elineation
Subwaters$ed Cutlet 9oint Batc$ Subwaters$ed "elineation
+aters$ed 9olygon Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
9oint "elineation
+aters$ed 9oint 9oint Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
9oint "elineation
+aters$ed 9olygons 9olygon /ode58in Sc$ema Generation
May 2002 (2
Te%%,*+ 4%e3%"!e))*+1
A9o7t erra&n 6re/ro)ess&n3
#$e purpose of terrain preprocessing is to perform an initial analysis of t$e terrain and to prepare
t$e dataset for furt$er processing. A "igital .levation Model 2".M3 of t$e study area is re%uired
as input for terrain preprocessing! a ".M is a grid in w$ic$ eac$ cell is assigned t$e average
elevation on t$e area represented by t$e cell. #$e ".M must be in .S1I G1I" format.

"uring t$e processing) potential problems wit$ t$e terrain representation can be identified) t$us
preventing t$e ".M errors from propagating to t$e later stages of t$e analysis. A successful
preprocessing is an indication t$at t$e underlying ".M does not contain ma;or problems t$at will
prevent furt$er analyses.
#$e initial basin delineation t$at is performed during t$e preprocessing $as no meaning for later
basin processing 2e&cept for performance during t$e e&traction stage3) since all parameters can
be c$anged. In general) t$e recommended si'e for stream t$res$old definition 2w$ic$ in turn
defines t$e sub basin delineation during preprocessing3 is @O of t$e overall area. -or increased
performance on large ".Ms 2over 20)000)000 cells3) t$e si'e of t$e t$res$old may be reduced.
2ote! Arc Hydro does not provide specific tools for ".M editing and modification. Standard
Spatial Analyst functionality can be used for suc$ purposes.
Terrain /reprocessin contains t$e following functions
"ata Management! set t$e tags for t$e t$emes used in t$e #errain 9reprocessing menu.
".M 1econditioning 2AG1..3! enforce linear drainage pattern 2vector3 onto a ".M
2grid3. Implement AG1.. met$odology.
-ill Sins! fill sins for an entire ".M 2grid3.
May 2002 (A
-low "irection! create flow direction grid from a ".M grid.
-low Accumulation! create flow accumulation grid from a flow direction grid.
Stream "efinition! create a new grid 2stream grid3 wit$ cells from a flow accumulation grid
t$at e&ceed user-defined t$res$old.
Stream Segmentation! create a stream lin grid from t$e stream grid 2every lin between
two stream ;unction gets a uni%ue identifier3.
0atc$ment Grid "elineation! create a catc$ment grid for segments in t$e stream lin grid.
It identifies areas draining into eac$ stream lin.
0atc$ment 9olygon 9rocessing! create catc$ment polygons out of t$e catc$ment grid.
"rainage 8ine 9rocessing! create streamlines out of t$e stream lin grid.
Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing! create ad;oint catc$ment polygon for eac$ catc$ment in
t$e catc$ment polygon feature class. Ad;oint catc$ment is total upstream area 2if any3
draining into a single catc$ment.
"rainage 9oint 9rocessing! create a drainage point at t$e most downstream point in t$e
catc$ment 2center of a grid cell wit$ t$e largest value in t$e flow accumulation grid for
t$at catc$ment3.
?ata %ana3e*ent - erra&n 6re/ro)ess&n3
Arc Hydro manages t$e input5output to t$e tools by using tags t$at are automatically assigned by
t$e functions to t$e selected inputs and outputs. A tag may be used as input by one function and
as output by anot$er one. -or e&ample) t$e F-low "irection GridF tag is an output from -low
"irection) and an input to -low Accumulation.
#$e "ata Management function in t$e #errain 9reprocessing menu provides a global view of t$e
tags assignments for t$at menu in t$e active Map5"ata -rame. #$e function also allows
assigning) reassigning or resetting t$e tags. A tag may be reset by selecting F/ullF as t$e
corresponding layer. +$en a reset tag is used as output) t$e function presents t$e user wit$ t$e
default layer name associated to t$e tag. #$is default name is defined in t$e KM8 file and may be
modified 2see KM8 Manager3.
Ho* t-e f#nction *or,s
#$e pull down menu ne&t to eac$ tag offers for selection only t$ose t$emes in t$e active
data frame t$at matc$ t$e re%uired t$eme type 2line) point) polygon) grid3.
May 2002 (E
A F/ullF option is available in t$e list. Selecting F/ullF remove t$e t$eme assigned to
t$at role.
A layer may be assigned several tags. +$en a layer is used wit$ an additional tag) t$e
user is warned t$at at least one ot$er tag $as already been assigned to t$is t$eme.
tag may be assigned to one and only layer at any time.
Tas defined in Terrain /reprocessin
Ta O#tp#t fro$ 'np#t to
1aw ".M ".M 1econditioning
Agree Stream ".M 1econditioning
Agree ".M ".M 1econditioning
".M -ill Sins
Hydro ".M -ill Sins -low "irection
-low "irection Grid -low "irection -low Accumulation
Stream Segmentation
0atc$ment Grid "elineation
-low Accumulation Grid -low Accumulation Stream "efinition
Stream Grid Stream "efinition Stream Segmentation
8in Grid Stream Segmentation 0atc$ment Grid "elineation
0atc$ment Grid 0atc$ment Grid "elineation 0atc$ment 9olygon 9rocessing
0atc$ment 0atc$ment 9olygon 9rocessing Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing
"rainage 8ine "rainage 8ine 9rocessing Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing
Ad;oint 0atc$ment Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing
"rainage 9oint "rainage 9oint 9rocessing
May 2002 ((
?E% Re)ond&t&on&n3 BA>REED
#$e ".M 1econditioning function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 modifies "igital .levation
Models 2".Ms3 by imposing linear features onto t$em 2burning5fencing3. #$is function is an
implementation of t$e AG1.. met$od developed by -erdi Hellweger at t$e >niversity of #e&as at
Austin in @<<6. -or a full reference to t$e procedure refer to t$e web lin
$ttp!55www.ce.ute&as.edu5prof5maidment5GISHH"1C5ferdi5researc$5agree5agree.$tml.
#$e function needs two inputs t$at bot$ $ave to be present in t$e map document!
'np#t O#tp#t
F1aw ".MF Grid FAgree ".MF Grid
FAgree StreamF Grid
'np#t3O#tp#t Manae$ent
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F1aw ".MF) it will be used as a default for t$e input grid. If
not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F1aw ".MF
tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a linear feature class t$at $as a tag FAgree StreamF) it will be used as a default for t$e
input feature class. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting linear feature class t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e FAgree StreamF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag FAgree ".MF) it will be used as a default for t$e output grid.
If not) t$e user needs to specify a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e FAgree ".MF tag at t$e
end of t$e operation. If t$e specified output grid already e&ists) t$e user is prompted w$et$er to
remove t$e e&isting dataset.
After initiating t$e function) t$e user needs to enter t$ree reconditioning parameters!
=ector buffer 2cells3 * t$is is t$e number of cells around t$e linear feature class for w$ic$
t$e smoot$ing will occur.
Smoot$ drop5raise * t$is is t$e amount 2in vertical units3 t$at t$e river will be dropped 2if
t$e number is positive3 or t$e fence e&truded 2if t$e number is negative3. #$is value will
be used to interpolate ".M into t$e buffered area 2between t$e boundary of t$e buffer
and t$e dropped5raised vector feature3.
S$arp drop5raise * t$is is t$e additional amount 2in vertical units3 t$at t$e river will be
dropped 2if t$e number is positive3 or t$e fence e&truded 2if t$e number is negative3. #$is
$as t$e effect of additional burning5fencing on top of t$e smoot$ buffer interpolation. It
needs to be performed to ensure preserving t$e linear features used for burning5fencing.
#$e values used for t$e AG1.. parameters depend on t$e nature of t$e ".M and t$e issues
t$at are being resolved. In many cases) a trial and error approac$ is needed before satisfactory
results are obtained. 1efer to t$e original paper for some guidelines on t$e initial parameter
selection.
May 2002 (4
#$e reconditioned AG1.. ".M s$ould be processed wit$ t$e -ill Sins function to ensure t$at
t$e potential sins generated in t$e streams are removed. #$e resulting filled ".M will be used
to compute t$e flow direction5flow accumulation.
/ote! #opograp$ic analyses s$ould be conducted on t$e original F1aw ".MF 2before
reconditioning3) to ensure t$at correct elevations are e&tracted 2e.g. for slope computation3.
#&ll S&nks
#$e -ill Sins function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 fills sins in a grid. If a cell is surrounded by
$ig$er elevation cells) t$e water is trapped in t$at cell and cannot flow. #$e -ill Sins function
modifies t$e elevation value to eliminate t$ese problems.
#$e function taes as input a ".M grid 2F".MF tag3) w$ic$ can be eit$er an unprocessed ".M or
a reconditioned ".M created wit$ t$e ".M 1econditioning function 2FAgree".M F tag3. #$e
function produces as output a grid 2FHydro ".MF tag3 w$ere no sins e&ist.
'np#t O#tp#t
F".MF Grid
FHydro ".MF Grid
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F".MF) it will be used as a default for t$e input grid. If not)
t$e user needs to specify an e&isting grid t$eme name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F".MF tag at
t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag FHydro ".MF) it will be used as a default for t$e output grid.
If not) t$e user needs to specify a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e FHydro ".MF tag at t$e
-illing sins is an iterative process t$at can be time-consuming. #$e status of t$e processing will
be displayed in t$e ArcMap status bar.
-illing sins is an operation t$at needs to be e&ecuted wit$ care. #$e resulting ".M will $ave no
inner depressions) t$at is) all t$e runoff from t$e ".M will reac$ its edges. In most cases) t$is is
a correct assumption 2w$en depressions are t$e artifacts of ".M generation3) but in some cases
t$at is not correct 2e.g. inner laes3. In suc$ cases) t$e $ydrologically correct ".M needs to be
developed in a different manner outside of Arc Hydro) and provided to Arc Hydro for processing.
#$e -ill Sins operation s$ould not be performed) but rat$er t$e $ydrologically correct ".M
s$ould be used in place of t$e FHydro ".MF.
May 2002 (6
#low ?&re)t&on
#$e -low "irection function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 taes a grid 2FHydro ".MF tag3 as
input) and computes t$e corresponding flow direction grid 2F-low "irection GridF tag3. #$e values
in t$e cells of t$e flow direction grid indicate t$e direction of t$e steepest descent from t$at cell.
'np#t O#tp#t
FHydro ".MF Grid F-low "irection GridF

If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag FHydro ".MF) it will be used as a default for t$e input grid.
If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e FHydro
".MF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F-low "irection GridF) it will be used as a default for t$e
output grid. If not) t$e user needs to specify a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F-low
"irection GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. If t$e specified output grid already e&ists) t$e user
is prompted w$et$er to remove t$e e&isting dataset.
May 2002 (:
#low A))7*7lat&on
#$e -low Accumulation function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 taes as input a flow direction grid
2F-low "irection GridF tag3. It computes t$e associated flow accumulation grid 2F-low
Accumulation GridF tag3 t$at contains t$e accumulated number of cells upstream of a cell) for
eac$ cell in t$e input grid.
'np#t O#tp#t
F-low "irection GridF F-low Accumulation GridF

input grid. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme name t$at will be tagged wit$
t$e F-low "irection GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F-low Accumulation GridF) it will be used as a default for t$e
output grid. If not) t$e user needs to specify a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F-low
Accumulation GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. If t$e specified output grid already e&ists) t$e
user is prompted w$et$er to remove t$e e&isting dataset.
-low accumulation processing is t$e most time consuming tas in t$e terrain preprocessing and
can tae a lot of time to complete. It re%uires significant computer memory 2at least 4EMB of
1AM) preferably more3 and a significant amount of $ard dis space 2about ( times t$e si'e of t$e
final flow accumulation G1I"3. If t$e function fails to operate properly) t$e most liely reason is
t$e lac of $ard dis space. #$e lac of memory can greatly increase t$e time re%uired for
processing.
May 2002 (<
Strea* ?e'&n&t&on
#$e Stream "efinition function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 taes a flow accumulation grid
2F-low Accumulation GridF tag3 as input and creates a Stream Grid 2FStream GridF tag3 for a user-
defined t$res$old. #$e stream grid contains a value of F@F for all t$e cells in t$e input grid t$at
$ave a value greater t$an t$e given t$res$old. All ot$er cells in t$e Stream Grid contain no data.
'np#t O#tp#t
F-low Accumulation GridF FStream GridF
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F-low Accumulation GridF) it will be used as a default for t$e
t$e F-low Accumulation GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag FStream GridF) it will be used as a default for t$e output grid.
If not) t$e user needs to specify a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e FStream GridF tag at t$e
#$e user will t$en be prompted to enter a t$res$old to define t$e stream. #$is t$res$old is
defined as a number of cells! t$e default is @O of t$e ma&imum flow accumulation value.
Strea* Se3*entat&on
#$e Stream Segmentation function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 creates a grid of stream
segments t$at $ave a uni%ue identification. .it$er a segment may be a $ead segment) or it may
be defined as a segment between two segment ;unctions. All t$e cells in a particular segment
$ave t$e same grid code t$at is specific to t$at segment.
'np#t O#tp#t
F-low "irection GridF Grid
F8in GridF Grid
FStream GridF Grid
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F-low "irection GridF) it will be used as a default for t$e first
input grid. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme 2of flow direction type3 t$at will
be tagged wit$ t$e F-low "irection GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag FStream GridF) it will be used as a default for t$e second
May 2002 40
input grid. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e
FStream GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F8in GridF) it will be used as a default for t$e output grid. If
not) t$e user needs to specify a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F8in GridF tag at t$e end of
t$e operation. If t$e output grid already e&ists) t$e user is prompted w$et$er to remove t$e
e&isting dataset.
Cat)4*ent >r&d ?el&neat&on
#$e 0atc$ment Grid "elineation function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 creates a grid in w$ic$
eac$ cell carries a value 2grid code3 indicating to w$ic$ catc$ment t$e cell belongs. #$e value
corresponds to t$e value carried by t$e stream segment t$at drains t$at area) defined in t$e
stream segment lin grid.
'np#t O#tp#t
F-low "irection GridF F0atc$ment GridF
F8in GridF
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F-low "irection GridF) it will be used as a default for t$e first
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F8in GridF) it will be used as a default for t$e second input
grid. If not) t$e user needs to specify a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F8in GridF tag at
t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F0atc$ment GridF) it will be used as a default for t$e output
grid. If not) t$e user needs to specify a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F0atc$ment GridF
tag at t$e end of t$e operation. If t$e output grid already e&ists) t$e user is prompted w$et$er to
Cat)4*ent 6ol03on 6ro)ess&n3
#$e 0atc$ment 9olygon 9rocessing function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 taes as input a
catc$ment grid 2P0atc$ment GridF tag3 and converts it into a catc$ment polygon feature class
2F0atc$mentF tag3. #$e ad;acent cells in t$e grid t$at $ave t$e same grid code are combined into
a single area) w$ose boundary is vectori'ed. #$e single cell polygons and t$e Forp$anF polygons
generated as t$e artifacts of t$e vectori'ation process are dissolved automatically) so t$at at t$e
end of t$e process t$ere is ;ust one polygon per catc$ment.
May 2002 4@
'np#t O#tp#t
F0atc$ment GridF F0atc$mentF 9olygon -eature 0lass
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag FCatc-$ent %ridF) it will be used as a default for t$e input
grid. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e
F0atc$ment GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a polygon feature class t$at $as a tag FCatc-$entF) it will be used as a default for t$e
output feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be tagged
wit$ t$e F0atc$mentF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. If t$e output feature class already e&ists)
t$e user is prompted w$et$er to remove t$e e&isting dataset.
Fields created:
G1I"0C".! Alias of Grid0ode) generated by t$e application during t$e conversion
from 0atc$ment grid to 0atc$ment polygon. G1I"0C". is t$e M=alueN of t$e
corresponding 0atc$ment Grid.
GridI"! Grid0ode of t$e corresponding 0atc$ment grid.
HydroI"! >ni%ue identifier in t$e Hydro database. System generated.
"rainI"! >ni%ue identifier 2HydroI"3 of t$e drainage area lined to t$e feature. Same as
HydroI" since 0atc$ment is a drainage area.
?ra&na3e !&ne 6ro)ess&n3
#$e "rainage 8ine 9rocessing function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 converts t$e input Stream
8in grid into a "rainage 8ine feature class. .ac$ line in t$e feature class carries t$e identifier of
t$e catc$ment in w$ic$ it resides.
'np#t O#tp#t
F8in GridF F"rainage 8ineF -eature 0lass
F-low "irection GridF
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F"in, %ridF) it will be used as a default for t$e first input
grid. If not) t$e user needs to select a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F8in GridF tag at t$e
end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F)lo* Direction %ridF) it will be used as a default for t$e
second input grid. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme 2of flow direction type3
t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F-low "irection GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
May 2002 42
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag FDrainae "ineF) it will be used as a default for t$e output line
feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e
F"rainage 8ineF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. If t$e output feature class already e&ists) t$e user
is prompted w$et$er to remove t$e e&isting dataset.
Fields created!
A10I" * >ni%ue identifier of t$e drainage line in t$e feature class.
G1I"N0C". * Grid code of t$e catc$ment t$e drainage line segment belongs to.
-1CMN/C". * -rom /ode number of t$e drainage line segment.
#CN/C". * #o /ode number of t$e drainage line segment.
GridI" * Grid code of t$e catc$ment t$e drainage line segment belongs to.
HydroI" * >ni%ue identifier of t$e drainage line in t$e Hydro database.
/e&t"ownI" * HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream drainage line. 9opulated wit$ F-@F if
t$ere is no ne&t downstream line.
2ote
Cne of t$e tass performed by t$is function is t$e identification of upstream-downstream
relations$ip. In rare cases) t$is relations$ip cannot be determined automatically based on
connectivity and ".M) and t$e user will be ased to identify w$et$er a segment is an outlet or
not. #$is situation usually occurs w$en a drainage line segment is very s$ort and t$e elevation at
its beginning and end is t$e same) t$us preventing t$e application from identifying t$e correct
directionality.
In suc$ cases) t$e %uestionable segment will be $ig$lig$ted) t$e application will 'oom on it) and
an input bo& will be broug$t up. #$e input bo& enables t$e user to 'oom in or out of t$e segment
and specify w$et$er t$e segment is an outlet 2most of t$e times3 or not. #$is process is repeated
for every suc$ segment until t$e directionality is fully establis$ed.
#$e function may also create t$e two following empty fields in t$e feature class tagged as FCatc-$entF!
/e&t"ownI" * HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream catc$ment.
7unctionI" * HydroI" of t$e ;unction t$at serves as t$e outlet for t$e catc$ment.
Ad<o&nt Cat)4*ent 6ro)ess&n3
#$e Ad;oint 0atc$ment 9rocessing function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 generates t$e
aggregated upstream catc$ments from t$e F0atc$mentF feature class. -or eac$ catc$ment t$at
is not a $ead catc$ment) a polygon representing t$e w$ole upstream area draining to its inlet
point is constructed and stored in a feature class t$at $as an FAd;oint 0atc$mentF tag. #$is
feature class is used to speed up t$e point delineation process.
'np#t O#tp#t
F"rainage 8ineF -eature 0lass FAd;oint 0atc$mentF -eature 0lass
May 2002 4A
F0atc$mentF -eature 0lass
If t$ere is a linear feature class t$at $as a tag FDrainae "ineF) it will be used as a default for t$e
first input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting linear feature class t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e F"rainage 8ineF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ields: HydroI") "rainI") GridI") -romN/ode) #oN/ode) /e&t"ownI"
Field created: "rainI" * HydroI" of t$e 0atc$ment in w$ic$ t$e drainage line is located.
second input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting polygon feature class t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e F0atc$mentF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ields: HydroI") GridI"
Fields created:
"rainI" * created empty 2if not previously e&isting3
7unctionI" * created empty 2if not previously e&isting3
/e&t"ownI" * HydroI" of t$e ne&t down catc$ment. 9opulated wit$ F-@F if t$ere is
no dowstream catc$ment.
If t$ere is a polygon feature class t$at $as a tag FAd.oint Catc-$entF) it will be used as a default
for t$e output feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e FAd;oint0atc$mentF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. If t$e output feature class
already e&ists) t$e user is prompted w$et$er to remove t$e e&isting dataset.
Field created: GridI" * GridI" of t$e catc$ment located downstream from t$e Ad;oint 0atc$ment.
?ra&na3e 6o&nt 6ro)ess&n3
#$e "rainage 9oint 9rocessing function 2#errain 9reprocessing menu3 allows generating t$e
drainage points associated to t$e catc$ments.
'np#t O#tp#t
F-low Accumulation GridF
F"rainage 9ointF -eature 0lass
F0atc$ment GridF
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F)lo* Acc#$#lation %ridF) it will be used as a default for
t$e first input grid. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme 2of type flow
accumulation3 t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F-low Accumulation GridF tag at t$e end of t$e
May 2002 4E
operation.
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag FCatc-$ent %ridF) it will be used as a default for t$e
second input grid. If not) t$e user needs to select a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e
F0atc$ment GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a point feature class t$at $as a tag FDrainae /ointF) it will be used as a default for t$e
output point feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a point feature class name t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e F"rainage 9ointF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. If t$e output feature class
already e&ists) t$e user is prompted w$et$er to remove t$e e&isting dataset.
Fields created!
HydroI"! >ni%ue identifier of t$e drainage point in t$e Hydro database. System
generated.
"rainI"! HydroI" of t$e catc$ment draining to t$is drainage point 2t$is field is created
empty) and may be populated by Hydro /etwor Generation3.
GridI"! GridI" of t$e catc$ment draining to t$e drainage point.
May 2002 4(
W,$e%)2e' 4%"!e))*+1
A9o7t +aters4ed 6ro)ess&n3
#$e +aters$ed 9rocessing menu provides access to several functions t$at allow fast waters$ed
delineation and topograp$ic c$aracteristics e&traction. #$e following functions are available.
"ata Management! set t$e tags for t$e t$emes used in t$e +aters$ed 9rocessing
menu.
Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation! create a waters$ed for every point in t$e batc$ point
feature class. 1esults are stored in a waters$ed 2polygon3 feature class. +aters$eds
are overlapping 2if points are on t$e same stream3.
Batc$ Subwaters$ed "elineation! create a subwaters$ed for every point in t$e batc$
point feature class. 1esults are stored in a subwaters$ed 2polygon3 feature class.
Subwaters$eds are non-overlapping 2if points are on t$e same stream3.
"rainage Area 0entroid! create a point at t$e centroid of eac$ polygon in a polygon
feature class and store it in a point feature class.
8ongest -low 9at$! create a line following t$e longest flow pat$ based on t$e steepest
descent 2as defined by t$e flow direction grid3 in a catc$ment of waters$ed.
?ata %ana3e*ent - +aters4ed 6ro)ess&n3
as output by anot$er one. -or e&ample) t$e F-low "irection GridF tag is an input from -low
"irection) and an input to Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation.
#$e "ata Management function in t$e +aters$ed 9rocessing menu provides a global view of t$e
tags assignments for t$at menu in t$e active Map5"ata -rame. #$e function also allows
assigning) reassigning or resetting t$e tags. A tag may be reset by selecting F/ullF as t$e
May 2002 44
corresponding layer. +$en a reset tag is used as output) t$e function presents t$e user wit$
default layer name associated to t$e tag. #$is default is defined in t$e KM8 file and may be
modified 2see KM8 Manager3.
t$at role.
Tas defined in 0aters-ed /rocessin
-low "irection Grid Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
Batc$ Subwaters$ed "elineation
8ongest -low 9at$
Stream Grid Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
0atc$ment Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
Ad;oint 0atc$ment Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
Batc$ 9oint Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
+aters$ed 9oint Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
+aters$ed Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation
Subwaters$ed Cutlet Batc$ Subwaters$ed "elineation
Subwaters$ed Batc$ Subwaters$ed "elineation
"rainage Area "rainage Area 0entroid
8ongest -low 9at$
0entroid "rainage Area 0entroid
8ongest -low 9at$ 8ongest -low 9at$
May 2002 46
,at)4 +aters4ed ?el&neat&on
#$e Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation function 2+aters$ed 9rocessing menu3 allows delineating
waters$eds in batc$ for points defined in t$e Batc$9oint feature class. 9oints are added to t$e
Batc$9oint feature class wit$ t$e tool Batc$ 9oint Generation .
#$e user is prompted for t$e following five input t$emes and two output t$emes!
'np#t O#tp#t
F+aters$ed 9ointF -eature 0lass
FStream GridF F+aters$edF 9olygon -eature 0lass
F0atc$mentF 9olygon -eature 0lass
FAd;oint 0atc$mentF 9olygon -eature 0lass
FBatc$ 9ointF -eature 0lass
-low "irection Grid. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme 2of flow direction type3
If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F+trea$ %ridF) it will be used as a default for t$e Stream
Grid. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e FStream
GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
0atc$ment t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting polygon feature class t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e F0atc$mentF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired Fields: GridI"
for t$e Ad;oint 0atc$ment t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting polygon feature
class t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e FAd;oint 0atc$mentF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired Fields: GridI"
If t$ere is a point feature class t$at $as a tag FBatc- /ointF) it will be used as a default for t$e
Batc$ 9oint t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting point feature class t$at will be
May 2002 4:
tagged wit$ t$e FBatc$ 9ointF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired Fields: /ame) Batc$done) Snapon) "escription
#$e user is prompted for two t$emes) used to store t$e result of t$e computation. #$ese two
t$emes will be created and added to t$e ArcMap #able of 0ontents) if not already t$ere!
#$e first layer created is t$e +aters$ed9oint feature class 2F0aters-ed /ointF tag3) w$ic$ stored
t$e location of t$e processed batc$ points. #$e points are moved to t$e center of t$e cell in
w$ic$ t$ey are located if no snapping is performed) ot$erwise t$ey are moved to t$e snapped
locations. If t$ere is a feature class name t$at $as a tag F+aters$ed 9ointF) it will be used as a
default for t$e +aters$ed 9oint output feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature
class name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F+aters$ed9ointF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. If t$e
output feature class name already e&ists) t$e new points will be appended in t$is e&isting feature
class.
Fields created:
"rainI" * HydroI" of t$e associated waters$ed.
/ame * /ame retrieved from t$e Batc$ 9oint input layer.
HydroI" * >ni%ue identifier of t$e waters$ed point in t$e Hydro database.
#$e second output layer is t$e +aters$ed polygons feature class 2F0aters-edF tag3) w$ic$ stores
t$e delineated waters$eds. If t$ere is a feature class name t$at $as a tag F+aters$edF) it will be
used as a default for t$e +aters$ed output polygon feature class. If not) t$e user needs to
specify a feature class name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F+aters$edF tag at t$e end of t$e
operation. If t$e output feature class name already e&ists) t$e new polygons will be appended in
t$is e&isting feature class.
Fields created:
"rainI" * Same as HydroI") since +aters$ed is a drainage area.
/ame * /ame retrieved from t$e Batc$ 9oint input layer.
0omment * 0omments retrieved from t$e Batc$ 9oint input layer.
HydroI" * >ni%ue identifier of t$e waters$ed in t$e Hydro database.
#$e tool performs t$e following operations!
9rompt t$e user for t$e name of t$e t$emes to use as input5output.
0$ec t$e value of t$e field FBatc$"oneF for eac$ point in t$e input Batc$9oint feature
class!
O If Batc$"one?@ or -@! t$e tool ignores t$is point) for w$ic$ t$e batc$ waters$ed
delineation $as already been performed or attempted.
O If Batc$"one?0! t$e tool performs t$e batc$ waters$ed delineation for t$is point.
Add t$e point for w$ic$ a waters$ed is delineated in t$e +aters$ed9oint feature class
2F+aters$ed9ointF tag3. #$e function c$ecs t$e value of t$e field SnapCn in t$e
May 2002 4<
Batc$9oint feature class to perform t$e snapping. If snapping is re%uested) all t$e points
located wit$in E cells of t$e stream grid will be snapped.
0reate t$e associated waters$ed in t$e +aters$ed feature class 2F+aters$edF tag3) even
for t$e points t$at could not be snapped.
>pdate t$e value of t$e field Batc$"one from M0N toN@N for t$e point in t$e input batc$
point feature class if t$e delineation was successful) and to P-@M if t$e delineation failed.
,at)4 S79waters4ed ?el&neat&on
#$e Batc$ Subwaters$ed "elineation function 2+aters$ed 9rocessing menu3 allows delineating
subwaters$eds for all t$e points in a selected 9oint -eature 0lass.
'np#t O#tp#t
FSubwaters$edF 9olygon -eature 0lass
OS79waters4ed -7tletO 6o&nt #eat7re Class
-low "irection Grid. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme 2of flow direction type3
If t$ere is a point feature class t$at $as a tag F+#b*aters-ed O#tletF) it will be used as a default
for t$e point t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting point feature class t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e FSubwaters$ed CutletF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a feature class name t$at $as a tag F+#b*aters-edF) it will be used as a default for t$e
Subwaters$ed output polygon feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class
name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e FSubwaters$edF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. If t$e output
feature class already e&ists) t$e user is prompted w$et$er to remove t$e e&isting dataset.
Fields created:
G1I"0C". * CI" of t$e corresponding point in t$e input 9oint -eature 0lass.
HydroI" * >ni%ue identifier in t$e Hydro database.
"rainI" * Same as HydroI" since Subwaters$ed is a drainage area.
?ra&na3e Area Centro&d
May 2002 60
#$e function "rainage Area 0entroid 2+aters$ed 9rocessing menu3 generates t$e centroid of
drainage areas as centers of gravity. It operates on a selected set of drainage areas in t$e input
feature class 2F"rainageAreaF tag3. If no drainage area $as been selected) t$e function operates
on all t$e drainage areas.
'np#t O#tp#t
F"rainage AreaF -eature 0lass F0entroidF -eature 0lass
If t$ere is a polygon feature class t$at $as a tag FDrainaeAreaF) it will be used as a default for
t$e input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting polygon feature class t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e F"rainageAreaF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ield! HydroI"
If t$ere is a point feature class t$at $as a tag FCentroidF) it will be used as a default for t$e output
F0entroidF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. #$e records in t$e e&isting output feature class will be
cleared. #$e F"rainageAreaF tag is also attac$ed to t$e output 0entroid feature class! it indicates
t$e drainage area feature class for w$ic$ t$e centroids $ave been computed.
Field created! "rainI"! HydroI" of t$e drainage area corresponding to t$e centroid.
2ote! HydroI"s can be created wit$ t$e function Assign HydroI".
!on3est #low 6at4
#$e function 8ongest -low 9at$ 2+aters$ed 9rocessing Menu3 identifies and computes t$e
lengt$ of t$e longest flow pat$ in a selected set of drainage areas. If no drainage area $as been
selected) t$e function processes all t$e drainage areas.
'np#t O#tp#t
O!on3est #low 6at4O #eat7re Class
F"rainage AreaF -eature 0lass
first input grid. If not) t$e user needs to select a grid name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F8in GridF
tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
May 2002 6@
If t$ere is a polygon feature class t$at $as a tag FDrainae AreaF) it will be used as a default for
t$e second input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting polygon feature class t$at will
be tagged wit$ t$e F"rainage AreaF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag F"onest )lo* /at-F) it will be used as a default for t$e output
line feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be tagged wit$
t$e F 8ongest -low 9at$F tag at t$e end of t$e operation. #$e records in t$e e&isting output
feature class will be cleared. #$e F"rainage AreaF tag is also attac$ed to t$e output feature class!
it indicates t$e drainage area feature class for w$ic$ t$e longest flow pat$ feature class was
generated.
Field created! "rainI"! HydroI" of t$e drainage area for w$ic$ t$e longest flow pat$ was
computed.
2ote! HydroI"s can be created wit$ t$e function Assign HydroI".
#$e function computes t$e longest flow pat$ wit$in eac$ drainage area and creates5updates t$e
longest flow pat$ t$eme 2F8ongest -low 9at$ F tag3. If a pat$ already e&ists for t$at drainage
area) it will be replaced wit$ t$e newly defined one.
May 2002 62
A$$%*-.$e T"")
A9o7t Attr&97te ools
#$e Attributes #ools menu provides access to several functions t$at allows reading and writing
attributes in specified tables. #$e following tools are available.
"ata Management! set t$e tags for t$e t$emes used in t$e Attribute #ools menu.
Assign HydroI"! assign a uni%ue identifier 2HydroI"3 to a feature. HydroI" is uni%ue
across a geodatabase.
Generate -rom5#o /ode for 8ines! generate from-node5to-node topology based on
p$ysical line connectivity for a line feature class 2do not re%uire $ydro networ3. /odes
are defined as ends of lines. #$ey are not created as a separate feature class) but
rat$er ;ust identified and accounted for internally.
-ind /e&t "ownstream 8ine! find t$e HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream linear feature
class and store it in t$e /e&t"ownI" field of t$e feature. #$e directionality is based on
t$e digiti'ed direction. 0onnectivity is establis$ed by t$e p$ysical connection of t$e
linear features 2do not re%uire $ydro networ3.
0alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for .dges! calculate lengt$ from t$e downstream end of a
$ydro edge to t$e outlet of t$e $ydro networ 2re%uire $ydro networ3. #$e lengt$ is
stored in t$e 8engt$"own field.
0alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for 7unctions! calculate lengt$ from a $ydro ;unction to
t$e outlet of t$e $ydro networ 2re%uire $ydro networ3. #$e lengt$ is stored in t$e
8engt$"own field.
-ind /e&t "ownstream 7unction! find t$e HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream ;unction and
store it in t$e /e&t"ownI" field of t$e ;unction feature 2re%uire $ydro networ3.
Store Area Cutlets! identify most liely $ydro ;unction t$at drains an area. #$e HydroI"
of t$at ;unction is stored in t$e 7unctionI" field for t$e area feature class.
May 2002 6A
0onsolidate Attributes! consolidate t$e values of a numerical attribute of a feature class
based on a predefined relations$ip) and store t$em in a field. Cperators include sum)
min) ma&) average) and count.
Accumulate Attributes! accumulate t$e value of a numerical attribute of a feature class
based on a trace) and store t$em in a field.
?ata %ana3e*ent - Attr&97te ools
as output by anot$er one. -or e&ample) t$e FHydro .dgeF tag is an output from Hydro /etwor
Generation and an input to 0alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for .dges.
#$e "ata Management function in t$e Attribute #ools menu provides a global view of t$e tags
assignments for t$at menu in t$e active Map5"ata -rame. #$e function also allows assigning)
reassigning or resetting t$e tags. A tag may be reset by selecting F/ullF as t$e corresponding
layer. +$en a reset tag is used as output) t$e function presents t$e user wit$ default layer name
associated to t$e tag. #$is default is defined in t$e KM8 file and may be modified 2see KM8
Manager3.
t$at role.
Tas defined in Attrib#te Tools
Ta 'np#t to
8ine Generate -rom5#o /ode for 8ine
-ind /e&t "ownstream 8ine
Hydro .dge 0alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for .dges
May 2002 6E
Hydro 7unction 0alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for 7unctions
Store Area Cutlets
Area Store Area Cutlets
"rainage 9oint Store Area Cutlets
Ass&3n .0droI?
#$e Assign HydroI" function 2Attribute #ools menu3 allows assigning or reassigning a uni%ue
identifier) t$e HydroI") to t$e features in t$e Arc Hydro database.
#$e user needs to select t$e following parameters!
Map5"ata -rame. "efault to t$e active Map.
+orspace 2Geodatabase3.
8ayers w$it$in t$e selected map5worspace on w$ic$ to operate.
+$et$er to overwrite e&isting HydroI"s.
+$et$er to operate on all features on all selected features only.
HydroI"s are assigned based on se%uences defined in two tables) HydroI"#able and
8ayerGey#able. #$ese tables are created by default in t$e target worspaces) wit$ t$e following
structure!
Hydro'DTable "ayer4eyTable
8ayerGey
8ayer/ame
HydroI"
8ayerGey.
HydroI"s are generated in t$e following way!
#$e 8ayerGey associated wit$ t$e layer is retrieved from t$e 8ayerGey#able 2if no ey is
defined) t$en t$e ey FC#H.1SF is used3.
#$e HydroI" associated to t$at ey is retrieved from t$e HydroI"#able.
#$e HydroI" is incremented 2by @ by default3 to t$e /e&tHydroId value.
#$e HydroI" field is created 2if needed3 in t$e layer and populated wit$ t$e incremented
HydroI".
#$e 8ayerGey#able is created empty) w$ereas t$e HydroI"#able is created wit$ t$e following
May 2002 6(
records!
"ayer4ey Hydro'D
C#H.1S
0
8ayerGey@
@000000
8ayerGey2
2000000
8ayerG#eyA
A000000
#$e HydroI"s tables may be edited wit$ t$e HydroI" #ables Manager.
>enerate #ro*=o Node 'or !&nes
#$e function Generate -rom5#o /ode for 8ines 2Attribute #ools menu3 updates t$e -1CMN/C".
and #CN/C". fields for eac$ line feature in t$e F8ineF feature class. #$e function creates t$e
fields if t$ey do not already e&ist.
A node is t$e beginning or t$e ending location of a line feature. It is topologically lined to all lines
t$at meet at t$e node. -rom nodes and to nodes are assigned based on t$e direction in w$ic$
t$e line features were digiti'ed. #$e -1CMN/C". and #CN/C". fields define bot$ t$e
direction in w$ic$ t$e line features $ave been digiti'ed) but also t$e lins between t$e different
line features.
'np#t O#tp#t
F8ineF -eature 0lass -1CMN/C". updated in F8ineF -eature 0lass
#CN/C". updated in F8ineF -eature 0lass
If t$ere is a line feature class t$at $as a tag F8ineF) it will be used as a default for t$e input t$eme.
If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting line t$eme name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F8ineF tag
at t$e end of t$e operation.
Fields created!
-1CMN/C".
#CN/C".
May 2002 64
#&nd Ne8t ?ownstrea* !&ne
#$e function -ind /e&t "ownstream 8ine 2Attribute #ools menu3 finds t$e ne&t downstream
element in a linear feature class based on t$e digiti'ed direction) and assigns t$e HydroI" of t$is
downstream feature to t$e /e&t"ownI" field in t$e feature class. Having t$e ne&t downstream
feature listed as an attribute in t$e table allows features to FcommunicateF wit$ eac$ ot$er wit$out
t$e presence of a networ) passing values or ot$er information as desired. Gnowing t$e ne&t
downstream point of interest is also important for applications suc$ as +ater 1ig$ts Analysis and
#otal Ma&imum "aily 8oad studies.
'np#t O#tp#t
F8ineF -eature 0lass F/e&t"ownI"F field in F8ineF feature class
If t$ere is a line feature class t$at $as a tag F8ineF) it will be used as a default for t$e input t$eme.
If not) t$e user needs to specify a t$eme name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F8ineF tag at t$e end of
t$e operation.
Fields created!
/e&t"ownI"
-1CMN/C".
#CN/C".
-or eac$ line feature in t$e F8ineF feature class) t$e function creates 2if needed3 and populates
t$e -1CMN/C". and #CN/C". fields 2see Generate -rom5#o /ode for 8ines function3. #$en it
retrieves t$e #CN/C". of t$e feature and loo for t$e feature $aving t$e same value for its
-1CMN/C".! t$is is t$e ne&t downstream feature for t$e feature being processed. #$e function
retrieves t$e HydroI" of t$e downstream feature) and populates t$e /e&t"ownI" of t$e
processed feature wit$ t$is value.
If t$e function cannot find a downstream feature) t$en t$e /e&t"ownI" is populated wit$ *@.
"i$itation
#$e function will retrieves t$e HydroI" of t$e first features) w$ose -1CMN/C". is t$e same as
t$e #CN/C".. It does not $andle multiple downstream features.
May 2002 66
Cal)7late !en3t4 ?ownstrea* 'or Ed3es
#$e function 0alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for .dges 2Attribute #ool menu3 calculates t$e lengt$
from a networ edge to t$e sin t$at t$e edge flows to) and populates t$e field 8engt$"own in
t$at feature class wit$ t$e calculated value.
#$e user is prompted for a networ edge feature and for t$e 8engt$ field to use in t$at feature
class.
'np#t O#tp#t
FHydro .dgeF 0omple& .dge -eature 0lass F8engt$"ownF -ield in FHydro .dgeF
F8engt$F -ield for FHydro .dgeF
If t$ere is a networ edge feature class t$at $as a tag FHydro .dgeF) it will be used as a default
for t$e input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting networ edge t$eme name t$at
will be tagged wit$ t$e FHydro .dgeF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
#$e user is also prompted for t$e field containing t$e lengt$ of eac$ feature in t$e FHydro .dgeF
feature class. #$e type of t$is field must be "ouble.
Field created! 8engt$"own
#$e lengt$ downstream value starts at 'ero at a sin and increases in t$e upstream direction.
#$e lengt$ downstream value for a given edge includes t$e lengt$ of all downstream edges
2taing t$e s$ortest pat$ t$roug$ any loops3) but not t$e lengt$ of t$e current edge. -or instance)
t$e lengt$ downstream for an edge at t$e most upstream segment of a river 2wit$ no loops3 will
be t$e entire lengt$ of t$e river minus t$e lengt$ of t$at upstream segment. 8iewise) t$e lengt$
downstream for any edge t$at is connected to a sin will be 'ero.
#$e tool wors by tracing downstream from a given feature and summing up t$e lengt$s of all
downstream edges t$at comprise t$e s$ortest pat$ between t$e feature and t$e nearest sin.
#$e lengt$ of eac$ edge is defined in a field specified by t$e user. /ull values in t$e field are
treated as 'eros. #$e lengt$ downstream is recorded in a field called 8engt$"own of type
double. If a 8engt$"own field does not already e&ist in t$e feature class) it will be created
automatically.
#$e tool can run on a selected set of records or on all records. If no features are selected) t$e
tool runs on all records. If any features are selected) t$e tool runs only on t$e selected records.
2et*or, preparation
Before using t$e tool) several steps s$ould be taen to ensure t$at t$e networ and networ
solver are prepared to perform t$e lengt$ downstream calculations!
-low direction must be set in t$e networ. If no flow direction is set) t$en t$e lengt$
downstream for every feature will be 'ero 2because t$e feature does not now w$ere to
May 2002 6:
flow3. #o set flow direction) use t$e Set -low "irection button on t$e >tility /etwor
Analyst toolbar) or Set -low "irection on t$e Arc Hydro #ools toolbar.
If t$e networ contains loops or is ot$erwise not a dendritic networ 2i.e. does not branc$
in t$e downstream direction3) t$en weig$ts and t$e #race Indeterminate -low option must
be specified using t$e >tility /etwor Analyst. If flow direction $as not been set for edges
in a loop and t$e networ solver $as not been instructed to trace t$roug$ indeterminate
flow) t$en a downstream trace will end at t$e beginning of t$e loop.
#$e #race Indeterminate -low option is set using t$e >tility /etwor Analyst toolbar by
clicing Analysis-LCptions and selecting t$e General tab. +it$ t$is option c$eced) a
downstream trace will proceed t$roug$ loops wit$ indeterminate flow. /ote t$at if flow
direction is defined on edges in a loop) t$en a trace will proceed according to eac$
edgeMs flow direction.
#$e tool uses t$e lengt$s of edges along t$e s$ortest pat$ between t$e feature of interest
and t$e nearest sin. #$is pat$ is determined by t$e networ weig$ts. If no weig$ts are
specified) t$en t$e pat$ t$at traces t$roug$ t$e least number of edges is considered t$e
s$ortest pat$. #$is can lead to inaccurate results since t$e pat$ wit$ t$e least number of
edges may not necessarily be t$e s$ortest pat$ as far as distance goes. /ote t$at t$is is
not a problem wit$ dendritic networs since t$ere is only one pat$ to t$e sin in suc$
networs. +eig$ts are set using t$e >tility /etwor Analyst toolbar by clicing Analysis-
LCptions and selecting t$e +eig$ts tab. /ote t$at all weig$ts for t$e networ must be
defined w$en t$e networ is created. 1efer to t$e ArcGIS "estop Help for more
information on weig$ts and networs.
Cal)7late !en3t4 ?ownstrea* 'or C7n)t&ons
#$e function 0alculate 8engt$ "ownstream for 7unctions 2Attribute #ool menu3 calculates t$e
lengt$ from a networ ;unction to t$e sin t$at t$e ;unction flows to) and populates t$e field
8engt$"own in t$at feature class wit$ t$e calculated value.
#$e user is prompted for a networ ;unction feature and for t$e 8engt$ field to use in all t$e edge
feature classes in t$e networ in t$at feature class.
'np#t O#tp#t
FHydro 7unctionF /etwor 7unction -eature 0lass F8engt$"ownF -ield in FHydro 7unctionF
F8engt$F field for eac$ networ edge feature class
If t$ere is a networ ;unction feature class t$at $as a tag FHydro 7unctionF) it will be used as a
default for t$e input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting networ ;unction t$eme
name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e FHydro 7unctionF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
#$e user is also prompted for t$e field containing t$e edgeMs lengt$ in eac$ edge feature class
participating to t$e networ. #$is field must be of type double.
Field created! F8engt$"ownF
May 2002 6<
#$e lengt$ downstream value starts at 'ero at a sin and increases in t$e upstream direction.
#$e lengt$ downstream value for a given edge includes t$e lengt$ of all downstream edges
2taing t$e s$ortest pat$ t$roug$ any loops3) but not t$e lengt$ of t$e current edge. -or instance)
t$e lengt$ downstream for an edge at t$e most upstream segment of a river 2wit$ no loops3 will
be t$e entire lengt$ of t$e river minus t$e lengt$ of t$at upstream segment. 8iewise) t$e lengt$
downstream for any edge t$at is connected to a sin will be 'ero.
#$e tool wors by tracing downstream from a given feature and summing up t$e lengt$s of all
downstream edges t$at comprise t$e s$ortest pat$ between t$e feature and t$e nearest sin.
#$e lengt$ of eac$ edge is defined in a field specified by t$e user. /ull values in t$e field are
treated as 'eros. #$e lengt$ downstream is recorded in a field called 8engt$"own of type
double. If a 8engt$"own field does not already e&ist in t$e feature class) it will be created
automatically.
2et*or, preparation
Before using t$e tool) several steps s$ould be taen to ensure t$at t$e networ and networ
solver are prepared to perform t$e lengt$ downstream calculations!
-low direction must be set in t$e networ. If no flow direction is set) t$en t$e lengt$
downstream for every feature will be 'ero 2because t$e feature does not now w$ere to
flow3. #o set flow direction) use t$e Set -low "irection button on t$e >tility /etwor
Analyst toolbar) or Set -low "irection on t$e Arc Hydro #ools toolbar.
If t$e networ contains loops or is ot$erwise not a dendritic networ 2i.e. does not branc$
in t$e downstream direction3) t$en weig$ts and t$e #race Indeterminate -low option must
be specified using t$e >tility /etwor Analyst. If flow direction $as not been set for edges
in a loop and t$e networ solver $as not been instructed to trace t$roug$ indeterminate
flow) t$en a downstream trace will end at t$e beginning of t$e loop.
#$e #race Indeterminate -low option is set using t$e >tility /etwor Analyst toolbar by
clicing Analysis-LCptions and selecting t$e General tab. +it$ t$is option c$eced) a
downstream trace will proceed t$roug$ loops wit$ indeterminate flow. /ote t$at if flow
direction is defined on edges in a loop) t$en a trace will proceed according to eac$
edgeMs flow direction.
#$e tool uses t$e lengt$s of edges along t$e s$ortest pat$ between t$e feature of interest
and t$e nearest sin. #$is pat$ is determined by t$e networ weig$ts. If no weig$ts are
specified) t$en t$e pat$ t$at traces t$roug$ t$e least number of edges is considered t$e
s$ortest pat$. #$is can lead to inaccurate results since $e pat$ wit$ t$e least number of
edges may not necessarily be t$e s$ortest pat$ as far as distance goes. /ote t$at t$is is
not a problem wit$ dendritic networs since t$ere is only one pat$ to t$e sin in suc$
networs. +eig$ts are set using t$e >tility /etwor Analyst toolbar by clicing Analysis-
LCptions and selecting t$e +eig$ts tab. /ote t$at all weig$ts for t$e networ must be
defined w$en t$e networ is created. 1efer to t$e ArcGIS "estop Help for more
information on weig$ts and networs.
May 2002 :0
#&nd Ne8t ?ownstrea* C7n)t&on
#$e function -ind /e&t "ownstream 7unction 2Attribute #ools menu3 uses t$e flow direction set in
t$e geometric networ to find t$e ne&t downstream ;unction in a networ ;unction feature class)
and assigns t$e HydroI" of t$is downstream feature to t$e /e&t"ownI" field in t$e feature class.
#$e function operates eit$er on a selected set of ;unctions) or on t$e entire feature class if no
;unctions are selected.
Having t$e ne&t downstream feature listed as an attribute in t$e table allows features to
FcommunicateF wit$ eac$ ot$er wit$out t$e presence of a networ) passing values or ot$er
information as desired. Gnowing t$e ne&t downstream point of interest is also important for
applications suc$ as water rig$ts analysis and #otal Ma&imum "aily 8oad studies.
'np#t O#tp#t
FHydro 7unctionF /etwor -eature 0lass F/e&t"ownI"F field in FHydro 7unctionF
If t$ere is a networ ;unction feature class t$at $as a tag FHydro 7unctionF) it will be used as a
default for t$e input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to specify a t$eme t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e
FHydro 7unctionF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ields! HydroI"
Field created! /e&t"ownI"
2ote5 #$e tool re%uires t$at flow direction be already set in t$e networ. #$e option #race
Indeterminate -low s$ould also be set in t$e /etwor Solver.
-or eac$ ;unction in t$e networ) t$e function selects an ad;acent edge t$at carries flow away
from t$at ;unction 2as defined by t$e flow direction of t$e edge3. It t$en finds t$e closest ;unction
on t$at edge and c$ecs to see if t$at ;unction is in t$e same feature class as t$e starting
;unction. If so) t$en it identifies t$at ;unction as t$e ne&t downstream ;unction and copies t$at
;unctionMs HydroI" to t$e /e&t"ownI" field in t$e starting ;unction. If t$e ;unction is not in t$e
same feature class) it may perform 2upon t$e userMs discretion3 a spatial searc$ at t$at location to
see if any ;unctions from t$e starting ;unctionMs feature class are spatially coincident wit$ t$e
;unction t$at was found on t$e edge. If suc$ a ;unction is found) it identifies it as t$e ne&t
downstream ;unction. If no ;unctions are found) it continues to searc$ edge by edge in t$e
downstream direction. If no ne&t downstream ;unction is found by t$e end of t$e searc$) t$e
starting ;unction is assigned a value of F-@F.
"i$itation
In some networs) ;unctions may be spatially coincident wit$ eac$ ot$er. +$en t$is $appens) t$e
networ builder c$ooses one and only one ;unction to participate in t$e networ. If t$e -ind /e&t
"ownstream 7unction is processing a ;unction t$at is not on t$e networ) t$en t$e tool 2upon t$e
May 2002 :@
userMs discretion3 will searc$ for anot$er ;unction at t$e e&act same location t$at is on t$e
networ. #$e function will operate muc$ more slowly in a networ wit$ multiple ;unction feature
classes) since it may $ave to perform many spatial searc$es w$ile locating t$e ne&t downstream
;unction. If t$ere is only one populated ;unction feature class in t$e networ) t$e tool will operate
very %uicly.
Store Area -7tlets
#$e function Store Area Cutlets 2Attribute #ools menu3 locates t$e outlet ;unctions for a selected
set of areas and assigns t$e HydroI" of t$e ;unction to t$e 7unctionI" field in t$e corresponding
area feature class. If no features are selected) t$e tool runs on all records. #$e 7unctionI" field
is created if it does not already e&ist in t$e area feature class.
#$is tool is designed to facilitate a sc$eme w$ere areas are connected to t$e networ t$roug$
outlet ;unctions. #o perform $ydrologic analyses involving rainfall5runoff and c$annel routing)
areas must some$ow be connected to t$e river networ in order to pass runoff to t$e river
c$annel. #$is connection is establis$ed by storing in t$e 7unctionI" of t$e area feature class field
t$e HydroI" of t$e ;unction t$at serves as t$e outlet for t$e area. Hypot$etically) a ;unction may
serve as t$e outlet of multiple areas) but eac$ area will $ave only one outlet.
#$e tool uses one of t$e t$ree following met$ods for locating t$e outlet ;unction!
7unction Intersect Met$od
"rainage 9oint 9ro&imity Met$od
/e&t "ownstream Area Met$od
If t$e tool cannot locate an outlet ;unction for a given area) t$e 7unctionI" field for t$at area is set
to -@. A message informs t$e user t$at t$e Cb;ectI"s of t$ose areas $ave been written to an error
log. #$ese areas may also be retrieved by selecting t$e areas wit$ a *@ 7unctionI" value.
2ote! Before using t$e tool) t$e #race Indeterminate -low option in t$e /etwor Solver must be
set.
1#nction 'ntersect Met-od
#$is met$od re%uires t$e user to select as input a Hydro 7unction feature class and an Area
feature class.
'np#t O#tp#t
FHydro 7unctionF -eature 0lass 7unctionI" field in FAreaF -eature 0lass
FAreaF 9olygon -eature 0lass
May 2002 :2
If t$ere is a networ ;unction feature class t$at $as a tag FHydro 1#nctionF) it will be used as a
default for t$e first input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting networ ;unction
feature class t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e FHydro 7unctionF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired Field! HydroI"
If t$ere is a networ ;unction feature class t$at $as a tag FAreaF) it will be used as a default for t$e
tagged wit$ t$e FAreaF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
Field created! 7unctionI"
Ho* t-e 1#nction 'ntersect $et-od *or,s
#$e 7unction Intersect Met$od selects t$e ;unctions t$at lie wit$in a specified distance 2searc$
tolerance3 of t$e boundary of t$e drainage area. -rom t$ese ;unctions) upstream and
downstream traces are performed) wit$ t$e results returned as a set of edges. -or eac$ ;unction)
t$e resulting edges are intersected wit$ t$e area to find t$e total lengt$ of upstream edges in t$e
area) and t$e total lengt$ of downstream edges in t$e area) using t$e given ;unction as a
reference point. #$e ;unction t$at produces t$e greatest 2upstream lengt$ - downstream lengt$3
value is designated as t$e outlet ;unction) provided t$at t$e upstream lengt$ is greater t$an or
e%ual to ( times t$e downstream lengt$. #$is last criterion $elps to ensure t$at t$e c$osen
;unction is not located in t$e middle of t$e drainage area. If no ;unctions are located on t$e e&act
boundary of t$e drainage area) t$e searc$ tolerance can be increased to select ;unctions t$at are
near t$e areaMs boundary.
2ote5 #$e 7unction Intersect met$od does not create ;unctions at t$e intersection of t$e areas
and t$e networ. #$e tool assumes t$at t$is step $as already been done. Cne way to produce
;unctions on t$e boundaries of areas is to intersect t$e line set wit$ t$e areas) using t$e
Geoprocessing +i'ardMs Intersect >tility. 1ebuilding t$e networ from t$e intersected line set will
produce ;unctions w$ere t$e lines and areas intersected.
#$e following figures illustrate t$e process of selecting t$e outlet ;unction. #$e tool is operating
on t$e pin area in t$is e&ample.
May 2002 :A

"i$itation
#$e 7unction Intersect Met$od possesses some limitations. #o insure t$at all ;unctions along t$e
boundary of an area are selected) t$e tool builds two buffer polygons) one bigger and one smaller
t$an t$e drainage area. #$e user specifies t$e si'e of t$e buffer as t$e searc$ tolerance for t$is
met$od. 0areful consideration s$ould be taen in c$oosing t$e searc$ tolerance. A tolerance too
large may result in selecting ;unctions far downstream of t$e area. A tolerance too small may
result in not selecting t$e appropriate ;unction. #$e nature of t$e map units s$ould also be taen
into consideration. +$en woring in a coordinate system w$ere @ map unit corresponds to a
great distance) suc$ as a geograp$ic coordinate system) a tolerance of (0 may select a great
number of potential outlet ;unctions. "ata s$ould be pro;ected to a coordinate system wit$ map
units t$at provide sufficient precision in measurements before running t$e Store Area Cutlets tool.
#$e 7unction Intersect Met$od wors best wit$ a relatively $omogeneous set of drainage areas.
If t$e areas differ greatly in si'e) t$en a searc$ tolerance t$at is appropriate for one area may be
too large or too small for anot$er area.
Drainae /oint /ro6i$ity Met-od
#$is met$od re%uires t$e user to select as input a Hydro 7unction feature class) an Area feature
class and a "rainage 9oint feature class.
'np#t O#tp#t
FHydro 7unctionF -eature 0lass 7unctionI" field in FAreaF -eature 0lass
FAreaF 9olygon -eature 0lass
F"rainage 9ointF -eature 0lass
May 2002 :E
If t$ere is a networ ;unction feature class t$at $as a tag FHydro 1#nctionF) it will be used as a
default for t$e first input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting networ ;unction
feature class t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e FHydro 7unctionF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
tagged wit$ t$e FAreaF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ield! "rainI"
If t$ere is a point feature class t$at $as a tag FDrainae /ointF) it will be used as a default for t$e
t$ird input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting point feature class t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e F"rainage 9ointF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ield: "rainI"
Ho* t-e Drainae /oint /ro6i$ity $et-od *or,s
"rainage Areas are often delineated from a digital elevation model 2".M3. A "rainage 9oint
typically represents t$e centroid of t$e outlet cell of t$e ".M to w$ic$ all ot$er cells wit$in t$e
"rainage Area flow. A "rainage 9oint does not necessarily fall on t$e stream networ) especially
if t$at networ was derived from means ot$er t$an grid processing. #$e "rainage 9oint 9ro&imity
met$od locates t$e ;unction nearest to t$e "rainage 9oint for a given area) wit$in t$e specified
searc$ tolerance) and designates t$is ;unction as t$e outlet ;unction. #$e "rainI" attribute in t$e
area feature class points to t$e "rainI" attribute in t$e "rainage 9oint feature class. #$ese
attributes must already e&ist and must be populated in bot$ t$e drainage area feature class and
drainage point feature class in order to use t$is met$od. If no ;unctions are found wit$in t$e
specified searc$ tolerance) a value of *@ is assigned to t$e 7unctionI" field in t$e drainage area
feature class.
#$e figure below s$ows a potential scenario for use of t$e "rainage 9oint 9ro&imity Met$od.
May 2002 :(

+$en using t$e "rainI" met$od) note t$at if t$e nearest ;unction to t$e "rainage 9oint for a given
area is not in t$e same drainage area as t$e desired outlet ;unction feature class) t$en a value of
*@ is assigned as t$e 7unctionI" for t$at area.
2e6t Do*nstrea$ Area Met-od
#$e /e&t "ownstream Area Met$od re%uires one input class) t$e Area -eature class) w$ere t$e
attributes /e&t"ownI" and HydroI" already e&ist and are populated.
'np#t O#tp#t
FAreaF 9olygon -eature 0lass 7unctionI" field in FAreaF -eature 0lass
input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting polygon feature class t$at will be tagged
wit$ t$e FAreaF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ields! HydroI") /e&t"ownI"
May 2002 :4
Ho* t-e 2e6tDo*nstrea$ Area $et-od *or,s
0onnectivity between "rainage Areas may be defined t$roug$ t$e /e&t"ownI" attribute. Cn a
"rainage Area) t$e /e&t"ownI" points to t$e HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream "rainage Area.
#$us) connectivity between "rainage Areas may be establis$ed wit$out t$e use of a geometric
networ. #$e /e&t "ownstream Area met$od uses t$is connectivity to locate t$e outlet ;unction
for a "rainage Area. -or a given area) t$is met$od reads 7unctionI" values from ne&t
downstream areas until a numeric non-'ero value 2t$at is not e%ual to *@3 is found. #$is value is
t$en assigned as t$e 7unctionI" for t$e area of interest. #$is tec$ni%ue is useful w$en no stream
networ e&tends into t$e area of interest.
#$e following figure illustrates t$e /e&t "ownstream Area met$od. #$e area in pin is t$e area of
interest in t$is case. #$e tool loos for an area wit$ a HydroI" e%ual to t$e /e&t"ownI" of t$e
pin area 2@0@3. #$e ne&t downstream area is t$e area at t$e bottom of t$e figure 2HydroI" ?
@0@3. #$e 7unctionI" is read from t$is downstream area and recorded in t$e pin area) so t$at
bot$ areas s$are t$e same outlet.

May 2002 :6
Consol&date Attr&97tes
#$e 0onsolidate Attributes tool 2Attribute #ools menu3 allows consolidating t$e source attribute in
t$e source layer based on a relations$ip between t$e source layer and t$e target layer. Cnly
layers $aving relations$ips may be selected as target or source layer. #$e source $as to be
different from t$e target) and related to it.
-or eac$ target feature) t$e function finds t$e related source features based on a predefined
relations$ip) and performs t$e selected consolidation operation on t$ese source features. #$e
result of t$e consolidation is stored in t$e target field. Cptions for consolidation operations
include Sum) Ma&) Min) 0ount) Average) Median) Mode) and Standard "eviation.
A))7*7late Attr&97tes
#$e function Accumulate Attributes 2Attribute #ools menu3 allows accumulating attributes of target
features located upstream of source features. #arget features may eit$er belong to t$e source
feature class) or to a layer related to t$e source feature class. >pstream target features are
located by performing a trace on t$e target feature class or on a related feature class. #wo types
of trace may be used! based on a geometric networD based on t$e /e&t"ownI" attribute.
#$e function operates on a selected set of features or on all features. It traces from eac$ feature
to locate all t$e related features located upstream. #$e accumulation may be performed in t$e
source feature class or in any layer related t$roug$ a predefined relations$ip class
#$e following parameters need to be defined!
#race #ype! Geometric /etwor trace or /e&t"ownI" trace.
Source layer! layer containing t$e field t$at will be accumulated. #$is layer $as to be t$e
layer on w$ic$ t$e trace is being performed) or a layer related to t$at layer t$roug$ a
relations$ip. Must belong to a geometric networ for a Geometric /etwor trace.
Source field! field to accumulate.
Accumulation #ype! operations include sum) average) min) ma&) count) median) mode)
standard deviation) weig$ted average.
#arget layer for Accumulation! same as source layer or related layer.
#arget field! field used to stored t$e result of t$e accumulation. #$e field may be created
if t$e target layer does not contain selected features.
May 2002 ::
Ne$/"%0 T"")
A9o7t Network ools
#$e /etwor #ools menu provides access to several functions t$at allows processing t$e
$ydrologic networ. #$e following tools are available.
"ata Management! set t$e tags for t$e t$emes used in t$e /etwor #ools menu.
Hydro /etwor Generation! generate a $ydro networ 2$ydro edges and $ydro
;unctions3 from drainage lines) catc$ments) and drainage points. #$e function updates
all t$e connectivity fields in input feature classes.
/ode58in Sc$ema Generation! generate sc$ematic 2node-lin3 networ by connecting
centers of catc$ments5drainage areas and ;unctions) and ;unctions. 0onnectivity is
establis$ed t$roug$ connectivity fields 2attributes3) not p$ysical connectivity.
Store -low "irection! store information about $ydro 2geometric3 networ elementMs
directionality into an attribute of t$e feature matc$ing t$e element.
Set -low "irection! define flow direction for a geometric networ based on digiti'ed
direction or an attribute for t$e feature.
?ata %ana3e*ent - Network ools
as output by anot$er one. -or e&ample) t$e FHydro .dgeF tag is an output from Hydro /etwor
Generation and an input to Store -low "irection.
#$e "ata Management function in t$e /etwor #ools menu provides a global view of t$e tags
assignments for t$at menu in t$e active Map5"ata -rame. #$e function also allows assigning)
reassigning or resetting t$e tags. A tag may be reset by selecting F/ullF as t$e corresponding
layer. +$en a reset tag is used as output) t$e function presents t$e user wit$ default layer name
associated to t$e tag. #$is default is defined in t$e KM8 file and may be modified 2see KM8
Manager3.
May 2002 :<
t$at role.
Tas defined in 2et*or, Tools
"rainage 8ine Hydro /etwor Generation
0atc$ment Hydro /etwor Generation
"rainage 9oint Hydro /etwor Generation
Hydro .dge Hydro /etwor Generation Store -low "irection
Set -low "irection
Hydro 7unction Hydro /etwor Generation
+aters$ed 9olygons /ode58in Sc$ema Generation
7unctions /ode58in Sc$ema Generation
Sc$ema 8in /ode58in Sc$ema Generation
Sc$ema /ode /ode58in Sc$ema Generation
.0dro Network >enerat&on
#$e Hydro /etwor Generation function 2/etwor #ools menu3 allows converting drainage
features into networ features. #$e function performs t$e following operations!
0onvert t$e "rainage 8ine feature class into t$e Hydro .dge feature class.
0reate t$e Hydro 7unction feature class as t$e -rom /odes5#o /odes wit$out
duplication 2a ;unction is defined by one and one point only3
0reate an Arc Hydro Geometric /etwor based on t$e Hydro .dge and Hydro
7unction feature classes) and set t$e flow direction in Hydro .dge in t$e digiti'ed
May 2002 <0
direction.
.stablis$ attribute connectivity between t$e drainage and networ feature classes.
Attribute eac$ ;unction wit$ HydroI" and /e&t"ownI" field.
0reate a relations$ip between t$e 0atc$ments and Hydro 7unctions!
Hydro7unctionHas0atc$ment
'np#t O#tp#t
F"rainage 8ineF -eature 0lass FHydro 7unctionF /etwor 7unction -eature 0lass
F0atc$mentF 9olygon -eature 0lass FHydro .dgeF 0omple& .dge -eature 0lass
F "rainage 9ointF -eature 0lass FArc HydroF Geometric /etwor
FHydro7unctionHas0atc$mentF 1elations$ip
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag FDrainae "ineF) it will be used as a default for t$e first input
feature class. If not) t$e user needs to select a line feature class t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e
F"rainage 8ineF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ields! GridI") HydroI") /e&t"ownI"
Fields created1u$dated! "rainI"
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag FCatc-$entF) it will be used as a default for t$e second input
feature class. If not) t$e user needs to select a polygon feature class t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e
F0atc$mentF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ields! GridI") HydroI") "rainI"
Fields created1u$dated! /e&t"ownI") 7unctionI"
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag FDrainae /ointF) it will be used as a default for t$e t$ird input
feature class. If not) t$e user needs to select a point feature class t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e
F"rainage 9ointF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ields! GridI"
Fields created! HydroI" 2if not previously e&isting3. 0reated empty. May be populated by Assign
HydroI".
Fields created1u$dated! /e&t"ownI") "rainI") 7unctionI"
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag FHydro (deF) it will be used as a default for t$e output comple&
edge feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be tagged wit$
May 2002 <@
t$e FHydro .dgeF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. #$e output feature class) if it already e&ists) is
automatically overwritten wit$out prompting t$e user.
Fields created!
HydroID! >ni%ue identifier of t$e Hydro .dge in t$e Hydro database.
!eachode! 1eac$ code. 0orresponds to t$e "rainI" in t$e "rainage 8ine feature
class) referring to t$e "rainI" of t$e catc$ment w$ere t$e reac$ is located.
FlowDir! -low direction for t$e edge. "efaults to +it$"igiti'ed flow direction.
FTy$e! -eature #ype. "efaults to Synt$etic 0$annel.
EdgeTy$e! #ype of .dge. Available values are -lowline and S$oreline. "efault to
-lowline.
Ena%led! Indicates w$et$er t$e feature is enabled 2#rue3 or disabled 2-alse3 in t$e
geometric networ. A feature t$at is disabled in t$e networ acts as a barrier w$en t$e
networ is traced.
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag FHydro 1#nctionF) it will be used as a default for t$e output
networ ;unction feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e FHydro 7unctionF tag at t$e end of t$e operation. #$e output feature class) if it
already e&ists) is automatically overwritten wit$out prompting t$e user.
Fields created!
HydroID: >ni%ue identifier of t$e Hydro 7unction in t$e Hydro database.
Ne&tDownID! HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream Hydro 7unction.
FTy$e! -eature type of t$e Hydro 7unction! Stream 0onfluence) "rainage Cutlet) /ull
for beginning of streams 2for t$e entire drainage area considered3
Ena%led! Indicate w$et$er t$e feature is enabled 2#rue3 or disabled 2-alse3 in t$e
geometric networ. A feature t$at is disabled in t$e networ acts as a barrier w$en t$e
networ is traced.
'ncillary!ole! Specify w$et$er t$e feature represents a source) sin or neit$er. >sed to
calculate t$e flow direction in t$e geometric networ 2@! Source) 2! Sin 2"rainage
Cutlet3) 0! /one3.
Attrib#te Connectivity
Hydro /etwor Generation establis$es connectivities between t$e input and output feature
classes t$roug$ t$e 7unctionI" and /e&t"ownI" attributes.
7unctionI" is t$e HydroI" of t$e Hydro 7unction related to t$e feature 20atc$ment or
"rainage 9oint3. #$ere is one and only one 7unctionI" for a given catc$ment or drainage
point) but t$ere may be several catc$ments or drainage points associated to a Hydro
7unction.
/e&t"ownI" is t$e HydroI" of t$e ne&t down feature in t$e 0atc$ment and "rainage
9oint feature classes.
#$e relations$ip Hydro7unctionHas0atc$ment relates t$e Hydro 7unction feature class to
t$e 0ac$ment feature class based on t$e 7unction HydroI"50atc$ment 7unctionI".
May 2002 <2
Node=!&nk S)4e*a >enerat&on
#$e /ode58in Sc$ema Generation tool 2/etwor #ools menu3 allows generating a node-lin
sc$ema. #$e nodes are defined by t$e centers of t$e polygons representing basins and by points
t$at represent locations of interest in t$e model. #$e points include basin outlets) river ;unctions)
water intaes and ot$er facilities.
#$e function re%uires t$at t$e relations$ip between t$e +aters$ed 9olygons and t$eir outlet be
establis$ed t$roug$ t$e 7unctionI" field) and t$e relations$ip between t$e 7unctions and t$eir
ne&t downstream ;unction be establis$ed t$roug$ t$e /e&t"ownI" field.
'np#t O#tp#t
F+aters$ed 9olygonsF -eature 0lass
2optional3
FSc$ema 8inF 8ine -eature 0lass
F7unctionsF 9oint -eature 0lass
FSc$ema /odeF 9oint -eature 0lass
If t$ere is a polygon feature class t$at $as a tag F0aters-ed /olyonsF) it will be used as a
default for t$e first input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting polygon feature class
t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F +aters$ed 9olygons F tag at t$e end of t$e operation. #$is input is
optional.
!e,uired +ields:
HydroI"
7unctionI"! HydroI" of t$e ;unction t$at serves as t$e outlet for t$e drainage area. May
be populated by t$e function Store Area Cutlets.
If t$ere is a point feature class t$at $as a tag F1#nctionsF) it will be used as a default for t$e
second input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting point feature class t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e F 7unctions F tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ields:
HydroI"
/e&t"ownI"! HydroI" of t$e ne&t downstream ;unction. May be populated by t$e
function Hydro /etwor Generation for a networ ;unction feature class.
If t$ere is a linear feature class t$at $as a tag F+c-e$a "in,F) it will be used as a default for t$e
wit$ t$e F Sc$ema 8in F tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
May 2002 <A
Fields created:
HydroID * >ni%ue identifier of t$e Sc$ema 8in in t$e Hydro database.
FromNodeID * HydroI" of t$e Sc$ema /ode at t$e upstream end of t$e Sc$ema 8in.
ToNodeID * HydroI" of t$e Sc$ema /ode at t$e downstream end of t$e Sc$ema 8in.
LinkTy$e * #ype of lin. @ for +aters$ed lin 2between +aters$ed and ;unction Sc$ema
/ode3) 2 for 7unction lin 2between two ;unction Sc$ema /odes3.

If t$ere is a point feature class t$at $as a tag F+c-e$a 2odeF) it will be used as a default for t$e
wit$ t$e F+c-e$a 2ode F tag at t$e end of t$e operation
Fields created:
HydroID! >ni%ue identifier of t$e Sc$ema /ode in t$e Hydro database.
FeatureID! HydroI" of t$e Hydro -eature from w$ic$ t$e node was created. #$is enables
t$e sc$ematic node to connect to t$e attribute information of t$e feature it describes. If
necessary) a relations$ip can be built using t$ese attributes
SrcTy$e! Source #ype) i.e. input layer used to create t$e node 2@ for +aters$ed
F+aters$ed 9olygonsF) 2 for 7unction F7unctionsF3.
#$e function creates one Sc$ema /ode for eac$ feature in t$e two input feature classes!
-or +aters$ed 9olygons! t$e Sc$ema /ode corresponds to t$e center of gravity of t$e
waters$ed.
-or 7unctions! t$e Sc$ema /ode corresponds to t$e ;unctions.
#$e function creates Sc$ema 8ins as!
+aters$ed lin) between a waters$ed Sc$ema /ode and its corresponding ;unction
Sc$ema /ode outlet. #$e outlet is determined by t$e field 7unctionI" in t$e +aters$ed
9olygons feature class) w$ic$ indicates t$e HydroI" of t$e outlet in t$e 7unctions
feature class.
7unction lin) between a ;unction Sc$ema /ode and t$e ne&t downstream ;unction
Sc$ema /ode. #$e ne&t downstream ;unction is retrieved from t$e /e&t"ownI" field in
t$e 7unctions feature class.
Store #low ?&re)t&on
#$e function Store -low "irection 2/etwor #ools menu3 reads t$e flow direction for a set of
edges from t$e networ and writes t$e value of t$e flow direction to a -low"ir field defined in t$e
KM8 in t$e .dge -eature 0lass.
May 2002 <E
'np#t O#tp#t
FHydro.dgeF 0omple& .dge -eature 0lass -low"ir field in Hydro .dge
-eature 0lass
-low direction in a networ is stored as esri-low"irection constants. #$e constants $ave t$e
following values!
esri-"Indeterminate A Indeterminate flow direction
esri-"+it$-low @ In t$e direction of digiti'ation
esri-"Against-low 2 Cpposite t$e direction of digiti'ation
esri-">ninitiali'ed 0 >ninitiali'ed
#$e Store -low "irection tool reads edge flow directions from t$e networ and writes t$e
esri-low"irection values to t$e -low"ir field in t$e edge feature class. #$e tool creates t$e
-low"ir field if it does not e&ist.
2ote5 Mae sure t$e flow direction $as already been set for t$e networ.
"i$itations
A comple& edge may $ave different flow directions assigned on its individual segments. Because
rows in a table represent an entire feature) and not eac$ individual networ element) t$e Store
-low "irection tool only stores one of t$e flow direction values for comple& edges. #$e c$oice of
w$ic$ segment to use is arbitrary.
Set #low ?&re)t&on
#$e function Set -low "irection 2/etwor #ools menu3 sets t$e flow direction for selected edges
in a networ edge feature class. If no features are selected) t$e tool sets t$e flow direction for all
t$e edges in t$e feature class.
'np#t O#tp#t
FHydro.dgeF 0omple& .dge -eature 0lass
-low direction in a networ is stored as esri-low"irection constants) w$ic$ $ave t$e following
values!
esri-"Indeterminate A Indeterminate flow direction
esri-"+it$-low @ In t$e direction of digiti'ation
May 2002 <(
esri-"Against-low 2 Cpposite t$e direction of digiti'ation
esri-">ninitiali'ed 0 >ninitiali'ed
#$e flow direction may be set in two ways!
by selecting an esri-low"irection flow direction to assign to all t$e selected edges 2or all
t$e edges if none selected3
by reading values from an integer field in t$e edge feature class! t$e value must
corresponds to one of t$e to esri-low"irection constants) i.e. 0) @) 2) or A. If not t$e flow
direction defaults to t$e selected esri-low"irection.
Assigning flow direction based on an attribute allows t$e user to delete t$e networ 2for
maintenance or distribution reasons3 and to still retain t$e proper flow direction values. Cnce t$e
networ is reestablis$ed) flow direction can be assigned by attribute wit$out $aving to create
sins in t$e networ. -low directions for indeterminate cases 2suc$ as edges in loops3 can be
assigned manually wit$ t$is tool. Situations in w$ic$ flow directions may c$ange 2suc$ as in
canals in flat areas3 can also be modeled.
2ote5 0omple& edges may contain more t$an one flow direction if t$ey are made up of more t$an
one edge segment. #$e Set -low "irection tool assigns t$e selected flow direction to all
segments of t$e comple& edge. #$e tool does not allow t$e user to set flow direction on only one
individual segment of a comple& edge) if t$at edge contains more t$an one segment.
May 2002 <4
A3U$**$*e)
A9o7t A/Ut&l&t&es
#$e Ap>tilities menu provides access to several functions t$at allows configuring t$e map
document and accessing t$e Arc Hydro online $elp. #$e following functions are available.
8ist Maps! list t$e maps5data frames present in t$e map document) wit$ t$eir associated
tag.
Add /ew Map! create a new map5data frame in t$e map document. #$is function allows
creating maps5data frames wit$ spaces in t$e t$eir name) t$at can be managed by Arc
Hydro 2"ata -rames wit$ spaces created wit$ ArcMap InsertL"ata -rame are not
properly managed by Arc Hydro3.
Set #arget 8ocations! set t$e output locations for t$e raster data) vector data and time
series tables created by t$e Arc Hydro tools.
KM8 Manager! manage t$e KM8 associated to t$e map document.
8oad5Merge 0onfig KM8! load and merge a KM8 file wit$ t$e KM8 associated to t$e
map document.
HydroI" #ables Manager! create5manage t$e tables managing t$e HydroI"s.
Arc Hydro Help! access t$e Arc Hydro online $elp.
May 2002 <6
!&st %a/s
#$e 8ist Maps function 2Ap>tilities menu3 lists all t$e maps5data frames present in t$e ArcMap
#able of 0ontents) toget$er wit$ t$eir associated tag name as follows!
Map/ame!name of t$e data frame as it appears in t$e #able of 0ontents.
#ag/ame! tag associated to t$e data frame. 0annot contain a space.
2ote! #$e Arc Hydro tools are woring on t$e active data frame in t$e Map "ocument. "ata
-rames created t$roug$ t$e standard ArcMap InsertL"ata -rame are not managed properly by
Arc Hydro w$en t$eir name contain space2s3.
Add New %a/
#$e Add /ew Map function 2Ap>tilities menu3 allows adding a new "ata -rame in t$e ArcMap
#able of 0ontents.
+arning! "ata -rame may also be created using t$e ArcMap function InsertL"ata -rame.
However) in t$at case) t$e name of t$e "ata -rame cannot contain space2s3.
0-at is a Map in Arc Hydro7
A Map is a synonym for a "ata -rame. #$e only difference is t$at Arc Hydro cannot manage a
"ata -rame w$ose name contains space2s3) w$ereas it does manage t$is type of Map.
A "ata -rame is a frame on t$e map t$at displays layers occupying t$e same geograp$ic
area. #$ere may be one or more data frames in a map document depending on $ow
t$e data are organi'ed. -or instance) one data frame mig$t provide an overview of a
study area and anot$er may $ig$lig$t a specific 'one of interest wit$in t$e study area.
#$e Arc Hydro tools operate at t$e map level) i.e. t$e tools operate only on t$e layers
belonging to t$e active "ata -rame.
#$e tags for t$e layers are defined at t$e data frame level in t$e KM8) under t$e node
associated to t$e data frame.
#$e list of maps wit$ t$eir associated tag can be displayed wit$ t$e function 8ist Maps.
May 2002 <:
Set ar3et !o)at&ons
#$e Set #arget 8ocations function 2Ap>tilities menu3 allows assigning default target worspaces
for t$e output data generated. #$ree locations can be set for eac$ set of tools 2Arc Hydro being
one set of tools3!
1aster data! t$e worspace may be a directory or a S". worspace. "efault is t$e
directory w$ere t$e map document 2m&d3 is saved.
=ector data! t$e worspace may be a directory) a personal geodatabase 2Access mdb
file3) or a S". database. "efault is a personal geodatabase named after t$e map
document 2e.g. if t$e map document is named mapdoc.m&d) t$en t$e personal
geodatabase is named mapdoc.mdb3) and located in t$e same directory as t$e map
document.
#ime Series! t$e worspace may be a directory) a personal geodatabase) or a S".
database. "efault is a personal geodatabase named after t$e map document) and
located in t$e same directory as t$e map document.
0lic on Ap>tilitiesLSet #arget 8ocationQ
Select a node. A node is associated to set of functions. #$ere is always a default node
2"efault0onfig3. #$e node corresponding to t$e Arc Hydro tools is Hydro0onfig.
Additional nodes may be defined for ot$er sets of tools built on t$e same framewor.
Select t$e target locations for raster data) vector data and time series. "efault locations
are selected w$en entering t$e window.
$%! %ana3er
#$e KM8 Manager 2Ap>tilities menu3 allows managing t$e KM8 associated to t$e ArcMap pro;ect.
It contains t$e following functions!
Browse! browse to t$e location of an KM8. #$is does not load t$e KM8.
8oad! load t$e KM8 into t$e map document KM8 under a new secondary node 2/ote!
t$e KM8 is not updated if t$e node already e&ists3.
.&port! save t$e KM8 associated to t$e document to file.
9rint! print t$e KM8
#$e KM8 manager allows performing editing in t$e KM8 associated to t$e map document via a
rig$t-clic conte&t menu.
#$e node corresponding to t$e Arc Hydro tools is t$e Hydro0onfig node! it contains itself four
subnodes!
May 2002 <<
#emplate=iew! "efault layers used by Arc Hydro.
9rog9arams! 9arameters common to all t$e Arc Hydro functions.
8ayerGeys! "efault layer eys created in t$e HydroI" table 8ayerGey#able.
Map=iews! 0orrespond to t$e maps 2data frames3 created in t$e map document. Store
t$e layers used in eac$ map5data frame.
2ote
0$anges in t$e KM8 are immediately applied to t$e current map document. However) t$e edits to
t$e KM8 are permanently saved only w$en t$e map document itself is saved. .dits may be
cancelled by e&iting ArcMap wit$out saving.
!oad=%er3e Con'&3 $%!
#$e 8oad5Merge 0onfig KM8 function 2Ap>tilities menu3 allows loading a KM8 file as t$e KM8
associated to t$e ArcMap pro;ect) or merging an KM8 file wit$ t$e e&isting KM8.
#$e KM8 is loaded into t$e map document KM8 under a new secondary node 2/ote! t$e KM8 is
not updated if t$e node already e&ists3.
.0droI? a9les %ana3er
#$e HydroI" #ables Manager function 2Ap>tilities menu3 allows editing) in t$e selected
worspace) t$e HydroI" #ables used to generate HydroI"s. #$ese tables) HydroI"#able and
8ayerGey#able) are automatically created in t$e target worspace defined for t$e vector data.
#$ey $ave t$e following structure!
Hydro'DTable "ayer4eyTable
8ayerGey
8ayer/ame
HydroI"
8ayerGey.
HydroI"s are generated in t$e following way!
#$e 8ayerGey associated wit$ t$e layer is retrieved from t$e 8ayerGey#able 2if no ey is
defined) t$en t$e ey FC#H.1SF is used3.
#$e HydroI" associated to t$at ey is retrieved from t$e HydroI"#able.
#$e HydroI" is incremented 2by @ by default3 to t$e /e&tHydroId value.
#$e HydroI" field is created 2if needed3 in t$e layer and populated wit$ t$e incremented
May 2002 @00
HydroI".
#$e HydroI" #ables Manager allows editing t$e tables via a rig$t-clic conte&t menu. #$e
function also allows prefi&ing t$e HydroI"s wit$ a regional I".
Ar) .0dro .el/
#$e Help function 2Ap>tilities menu3 allows accessing t$e Arc Hydro on-line Help.
May 2002 @0@
B.$$"+) ,+' T"")
A9o7t ,7ttons and ools
#$e following tools are available!
-low 9at$ #racing! trace t$e downstream pat$) based on t$e steepest descent) from a user
specified point to t$e edge of t$e ".M 2use flow direction grid3.
9oint "elineation! delineate a waters$ed for a user specified point 2interactive3 based on t$e
preprocessed ".M.
Batc$ 9oint Generation! add a user specified point to a batc$ point feature class. #$is point
feature class can be used as an input to t$e batc$ waters$ed and subwaters$ed delineation
functions.
Assign 1elated Identifier! interactively assign a value of a field in a source feature to a field
in t$e target feature. >ser specifies bot$ t$e source and target feature classes and fields.
Global 9oint "elineation! delineate a global waters$ed for a point located in a given 0atalog
>nit) by merging a waters$ed delineated locally in t$e 0atalog >nit wit$ t$e waters$eds located in
upstream 0atalog >nits.
#race By /e&t"ownI" Attribute! performs a trace based on t$e /e&t"ownI" attribute.
May 2002 @02
#low 6at4 ra)&n3

#$e -low 9at$ #racing tool generates t$e flow pat$ from a user-specified point. It uses t$e -low
"irection Grid to determine $ow t$e water is flowing t$roug$ t$e landscape from t$e selected
starting point.

'np#t O#tp#t
F-low "irection GridF -low 9at$ Grap$ic
2ote5 #o remove t$e result of t$e trace) select t$e trace as a grap$ic and clic delete.
May 2002 @0A
6o&nt ?el&neat&on

#$e 9oint "elineation tool allows creating a point and delineating t$e associated waters$ed.
#$e tool re%uires four input t$emes and creates5updates two t$emes.
'np#t O#tp#t
F-low "irection GridF F+aters$ed 9ointF -eature 0lass
FStream GridF F+aters$edF 9olygon -eature 0lass
F0atc$mentF 9olygon -eature 0lass
FAd;oint 0atc$mentF 9olygon -eature 0lass
first input grid. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting grid t$eme name t$at will be tagged
wit$ t$e F-low "irection GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.

If t$ere is a grid t$eme t$at $as a tag F+trea$ %ridF) it will be used as a default for t$e second
t$e FStream GridF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
input feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be tagged wit$
t$e F0atc$mentF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ields! "rainI") GridI"
for t$e input feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e FAd;oint 0atc$mentF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ields! GridI"
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag F0aters-ed /ointF) it will be used as a default for t$e output
May 2002 @0E
point feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be tagged wit$
t$e F+aters$ed 9ointF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
#$e +aters$ed 9oint feature class stores t$e points created by t$e user. #$is t$eme $as t$e
following structure!
"rainI"! HydroI" of t$e associated +aters$ed.
/ame
HydroI"! >ni%ue identifier of t$e waters$ed point in t$e Arc Hydro database.
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag F0aters-edF) it will be used as a default for t$e output polygon
F+aters$edF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
#$e +aters$ed feature class contains t$e waters$eds t$at $ave been delineated. #$is t$eme
$as t$e following structure!
"rainI"! Same as HydroI".
/ame! /ame of t$e point.
0omment! 0omments.
HydroI"! >ni%ue identifier of t$e waters$ed in t$e Arc Hydro database.
,at)4 6o&nt >enerat&on

#$e Batc$ 9oint Generation tool allows creating a Batc$ 9oint feature class) w$ic$ may be used
by t$e function Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation.
'np#t O#tp#t
FBatc$ 9ointF -eature 0lass
2re%uested only if t$e FBatc$
9ointF tag is not assigned3
FBatc$ 9ointF -eature 0lass 2optional! created if needed3
/ew Batc$ 9oint2s3 in t$e FBatc$ 9ointF -eature 0lass
If t$ere is a point feature class t$at $as a tag FBatc- /oint8) it will be used as a default for t$e
point feature class. /ote t$at t$e function prompts for t$is feature class only if t$e FBatc$ 9ointF
tag is not set. #$e tag may be reset by removing t$e current FBatc$ 9ointF layer from t$e #able of
0ontents or by using t$e "ata Management function in t$e +aters$ed 9rocessing menu.
#$ere are no re%uired fields in t$e Batc$ 9oint layer! t$e following fields will be automatically
May 2002 @0(
created if t$ey do not already e&ist!
/ame! /ame of t$e point) user-entered.
"escription! "escription of t$e point) user-entered.
Batc$"one! Indicates w$et$er t$e Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation s$ould perform a
delineation on t$is point 2P0M! delineate) P@M! do not delineate3.
SnapCn! Indicates w$et$er t$e point is to be snapped w$en performing t$e Batc$
+aters$ed "elineation.
HydroI"! >ni%ue identifier of t$e Batc$ 9oint in t$e Arc Hydro database.
#$e function first c$ecs w$et$er t$e FBatc$ 9ointF tag is assigned to a layer. If t$e tag is not
set) t$e function prompts for t$e name of t$e point feature class to use to store t$e batc$ points!
t$is name may refer to an e&isting layer or to a new layer. +$en t$e user clics CG) t$e FBatc$
9ointF feature class is added to t$e ArcMap #able of 0ontents if it is not already t$ere.
#$e user can t$en add points to t$e Batc$ 9oint feature class by clicing on map at t$e desired
location for eac$ point) and entering t$e following information!
/ame 2optional3
"escription 2optional3
Batc$"one! default value is F0F. #$e Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation function will perform a
delineation on t$is point.
SnapCn! default value is F@F) i.e. t$e Batc$ +aters$ed "elineation will try to snap t$e
point.
Ass&3n Related Ident&'&er

#$e Assign 1elated Identifier tool allows updating an attribute for a target feature wit$ t$e value of
a related field in t$e corresponding source feature.
'np#t O#tp#t
Source 8ayer5Source -ield >pdated #arget -ield in selected #arget feature
#arget 8ayer5#arget -ield
@. Source5#arget configuration
0lic on Assign 1elated Identifier.
May 2002 @04
Select t$e Source layer5field to use in t$e form.
Select t$e #arget layer5field 2/ote! HydroI" cannot be t$e target field3 in t$e form.
0lic CG.
2. Attribute update
Cn t$e map) select t$e target feature to update 2Cnly one feature may be selected at
t$e time.3
1ig$t-clic t$e corresponding source feature) and clic Assign Attribute.
#$e Assign 1elated Identifier function updates t$e target attribute in t$e selected target feature
wit$ t$e value of t$e related source attribute in t$e rig$t-cliced source feature.
>lo9al 6o&nt ?el&neat&on

#$e Global 9oint "elineation function allows delineating t$e global waters$ed for a point located
in a given 0atalog >nit. #$e function performs first a local delineation in t$e pointMs 0atalog >nit.
It t$en merges t$e resulting local waters$ed wit$ t$e 0atalog >nits polygons located upstream.
'np#t O#tp#t
F0atalog >nit 7unctionF /etwor 0lass FGlobal +aters$ed 9ointF
F0atalog >nit .dgeF /etwor 0lass FGlobal +aters$edF
F0atalog >nit 9olygonF -eature 0lass
If t$ere is a networ ;unction feature class t$at $as a tag FCatalo 9nit 1#nctionF) it will be used
as a default for t$e input t$eme. If not) t$e user needs to select an e&isting networ ;unction
t$eme name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F0atalog >nit 7unctionF at t$e end of t$e operation.
If t$ere is a networ edge feature class t$at $as a tag FCatalo 9nit (deF) it will be used as a
name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F0atalog >nit .dgeF at t$e end of t$e operation.
May 2002 @06
If t$ere is a polygon feature class t$at $as a tag FCatalo 9nit /olyonF) it will be used as a
name t$at will be tagged wit$ t$e F0atalog >nit 9olygonF at t$e end of t$e operation.
!e,uired +ield! /ame
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag F %lobal 0aters-ed /oint F) it will be used as a default for t$e
output point feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be
tagged wit$ t$e F Global +aters$ed 9oint F tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
#$e Global +aters$ed 9oint feature class stores t$e points created by t$e user. #$is t$eme $as
t$e following structure!
"rainI" * HydroI" of t$e drainage area 2Global+aters$ed3 lined to t$e feature.
/ame * /ame entered by t$e user during t$e delineation
HydroI" * >ni%ue identifier of t$e Global +aters$ed 9oint in t$e Arc Hydro database.
If t$ere is a t$eme t$at $as a tag F %lobal 0aters-ed F) it will be used as a default for t$e output
polygon feature class. If not) t$e user needs to specify a feature class name t$at will be tagged
wit$ t$e F Global +aters$edF tag at t$e end of t$e operation.
#$is t$eme $as t$e following structure!
"rainI" * >ni%ue identifier 2HydroI"3 of t$e drainage area lined to t$e feature. In t$is
particular case) Global+aters$ed being a drainage area) same as HydroI".
/ame * /ame entered by t$e user during t$e delineation.
0omment * 0omments about t$e global waters$ed.
HydroI" * >ni%ue identifier of t$e Global+aters$ed in t$e Arc Hydro database.
/rere:#isites
Cne and only one relations$ip 2e.g. H>0Has7unction3 must e&ist between t$e 0atalog >nit
7unction and t$e 0atalog >nit 9olygon -eature class. #$e name of t$e relations$ip must matc$
t$e name defined in t$e KM8 file.
"ata must be stored in t$e >nit 0atalog folder 2refer to t$e document on Global 9oint
"elineation3) and must following t$e naming convention set in t$e KM8 2for -low "irection Grid)
Stream Grid) 0atc$ment) Ad;oint0atc$ment) /etwor /ame3. 1efer to t$e document Global
"elineation wit$ ."/A "ata for additional information on data re%uirements.
0lic t$e on t$e Global 9oint "elineation tool.
0lic on t$e networ edge on t$e point w$ere t$e global delineation will be performed 2if
t$e point is not on t$e networ) a local delineation will be performed3.
1etrieve t$e 0atalog >nit 9olygon in w$ic$ t$e point is located) w$ic$ is stored in t$e
F/ameF field.
May 2002 @0:
1etrieve t$e data pat$ defined in t$e KM8 under F-ramewor0onfig5Hydro0onfigF
F59rog9arams5Ap-unctions5Ap-unction2Global"elineation3". "ata 9at$ is t$e root
directory under w$ic$ t$e directories corresponding to eac$ catalog unit are located.
#$ese directories contain t$e input layers needed for t$e delineation. #$e name of t$e
input layers in eac$ directory must be t$e same) and t$e layer names set in t$e KM8
must matc$ t$ese names. #$ese inputs are -low "irection Grid) Stream Grid)
0atc$ment) Ad;oint 0atc$ment) /etwor/ame and 1elations$ip /ame. #$e KM8 may be
edited using t$e KM8 Manager.
9erform a local delineation w$it$in t$e catalog unit polygon for t$e point.
9lace a flag at t$e location of t$e point) and trace upstream to select t$e ;unctions located
upstream in t$e networ.
1etrieve all t$e 0atalog >nit 9olygons corresponding to t$e selected ;unctions) based on
t$e relations$ip between t$e polygons and ;unctions! t$e 7unctionI" in t$e polygon
relates to t$e HydroI" field in t$e 7unction feature class.
Merge all t$e selected polygons toget$er wit$ t$e locally delineated waters$ed) and save
t$e resulting polygon in t$e Global +aters$ed feature class.
ra)e ,0 Ne8t?ownI? Attr&97te

#$e #race By /e&t"ownI" Attribute function allows performing a trace on a feature class based
on t$e /e&t"ownI" attribute. Cnly layers $aving t$e attribute F/e&t"ownI"F may be traced. #$e
trace may be performed upstream) downstream or in bot$ directions.
#$e function allows displaying t$e features related to t$e result of t$e trace. It may be used for
e&ample to display t$e catc$ments located upstream and5or downstream from a specific ;unction.
'np#t O#tp#t
8ayer containing t$e field
F/e&t"ownI"F
Selection containing features from t$e input layer
located by t$e trace and5or related features
Select t$e layer to trace 2only t$e layers containing t$e field /e&t"ownI" are available for
selection3.
Select w$et$er to perform a trace upstream) downstream or in bot$ directions.
Select t$e related layers to display as a result of t$e trace.
Select w$et$er to display all t$e layers 2including t$e layer used for t$e trace3 or only t$e
selected related layers.
May 2002 @0<
0lic CG.
0lic on t$e map on a feature from t$e input layer to trace.
#$e function returns t$e result of t$e trace and t$e related features as a selection.
May 2002 @@0

Arc Hydro Tools Help - v1.0 Beta2

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Online Help for Arc Hydro Tools

Version 1.0 Beta 2, May 2002

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