BHS005-3 Referral paper 2012/13 Page 1 of 2

Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies and Science

Department of Life Sciences




BHS005-3

APPLICATION OF IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY

2012/13 REFERRAL EXAMINATION PAPER



Date of Exam: 19 August 2013

Start Time: 13:30hrs

Time Allowed: 3 hours (inclusive of reading time)

Unit Co-ordinator: Dr John Reynolds

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Please answer ONE question from section A and ONE question from section
B. You will then need to choose ONE further question from either Section A or
B.

YOU WILL ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS IN ALL.

Each essay is equally weighted as one third of the total marks (16 grade points
each). Therefore, it is in the students interest to only spend an hour on each
answer.
Sub-headings and diagrams should be used appropriately.
Handwriting must be legible or marks could be lost.
Calculators are allowed, but are not considered to be needed.
No other material is allowed. This is a closed book examination.
Candidates are allowed to ask for clarification of the questions by the author in
the first ten minutes only.
PLEASE DO NOT OPEN UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO BY THE SENIOR
INVIGILATOR



BHS005-3 Referral paper 2012/13 Page 2 of 2




SECTION A

IMMUNOLOGY

1. Explain how you would use a continuous gradient and discontinuous gradient to
isolate white blood cells from blood. (16 marks)

2. Describe how you would produce a monoclonal antibody and give examples on
how they can be used for diagnosis and therapy (16 marks)

3. Giving examples, describe in detail the process of direct and indirect
immunohistochemistry. (16 marks)


SECTION B
MICROBIOLOGY

1. Aerial dispersal of microorganisms may be divided into three stages, viz.
(i) liberation and takeoff, (ii) dispersal in air currents, and (iii) deposition on
surfaces. Describe the mechanisms whereby microorganisms may achieve these
and review the factors that may influence the efficiency with which dispersal takes
place. (16 marks)


2. Describe some of the laboratory procedures that may give rise to laboratory
acquired infection if carried out carelessly, indicating the possible routes of
infection.(6 marks)

What precautions should be put in place to minimise potential levels of
contamination and reduce the risk of transmission of infectious microorganisms in
the laboratory?(6 marks)

European Community Directive 2000/54/EC sets out the classification of
microorganisms into four hazard categories. What criteria are used as the basis
for this classification? (4 marks)


3. Hospital acquired infection presents a serious risk to the hospital community.
Describe some of the issues relating to this problem that are currently causing
concern. Your answer could include reference to specific infections, emerging
pathogens and treatment problems, as well as other determining factors.(16
marks)